Content from this tutorial was distributed across several new and existing articles to reduce duplication and improve usability and maintainability. The completely rewritten tutorial provides a succinct summary of advice at the start, and then gathers together and organizes pointers to articles that, taken together, help you grasp the subject matter. The title was also changed.

Content derived from the previous version of the tutorial (ie. in the new articles) has been updated to include HTML5.

View the tutorial.

Numerous changes were made to this article to address feedback and also incorporate material on CSS escapes from the character encoding tutorial. This and other changes are described below. View the article.

German, Spanish, and Brazilian and Iberian Portuguese translators should consider updating it.

Description of changes:

• various parts of the text were rewritten
• the title and the question were changed
• the latest template was applied, and various new style conventions that affect the markup
• two new sections were added relating to CSS
• substantial changes were made to the Further Reading section

Translators should retranslate the whole article.

This article was rewritten to better address all methods of declaring encoding, including HTTP-header and charset link declarations. This and other changes are described below. View the article.

German, Greek, Spanish, French, Hebrew, Polish, Brazilian Portuguese, Swedish, Thai and Vietnamese translators should consider updating it.

Description of changes:

• most of the text was rewritten
• the title and the question were changed
• the latest template was applied
• substantial changes were made to the Further Reading section

Translators should retranslate the whole article.

A short section was added to this article to lead readers to additional information. This and other changes are described below. View the article.

German, Spanish, Hungarian, Polish, Brazilian Portuguese and Romanian translators should consider updating it.

Description of changes:

• a ‘By the way’ section was added, to point the reader to concepts described in the article Character encodings: Essential concepts. These explanations take the reader a step further in understanding character encodings.
• various small edits throughout to accommodate the latest template and style guidelines
• substantial changes to the Further Reading section

Coduri de limba de doua sau trei litere (Two-letter or three-letter language codes)

Cine foloseste Unicode? (Who uses Unicode?)

These articles were translated into Romanian thanks to Sorin Velescu.

Wer verwendet Unicode? (Who uses Unicode?)

This article was translated into German thanks to Stefan Schumacher.

Vem använder Unicode? (Who uses Unicode?)

This article was translated into Swedish thanks to Olle Olsson, W3C Sweden.

The article Who uses Unicode? was rewritten to reflect the fact that Unicode-encoded web pages now account for over 50% of the Web, as determined by Google.

Spanish and Polish and Brazilian Portuguese translators should consider retranslating the article.

The article was updated as follows:

• the title and some of the text was changed to reduce the emphasis on corporate sites
• the first paragraph was modified, and two paragraphs and a sidenote were added to the answer section
• substantial changes to the Further Reading section

The article Two-letter or three-letter language codes was rewritten to replace mentions of RFC 4647 with BCP 47, and add new links to further reading.

Bulgarian, Greek, Spanish and Polish translators should consider retranslating the article.

The article was updated as follows:

• applied new template and added cite tags
• changed two paragraphs in the answer section
• substantial changes to the Further Reading section

Introducción al sitio W3C I18n (Getting Started with the W3C I18n site)

This article was translated into Spanish thanks to the Spanish Translation Team, Trusted Translations, Inc.