This tutorial was decommissioned on 4 June, 2007.

A Web address is used to point to a resource on the Web such as a Web page. Recent developments enable you to add non-ASCII characters to Web addresses. This tutorial provides a high level introduction to how this works, and reviews current support on mainstream browsers.

After reading this tutorial you should:

• understand how domain names containing non-ASCII text are handled, according to the IDN specifications
• understand how path names containing non-ASCII text in Web addresses are handled, according to the IRI specification
• get a general idea of how well multilingual Web addresses are supported for use in major browsers

Presentation by Richard Ishida at Technical Plenary in Boston, USA in March, 2005.

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Language tags are used to indicate the language of text in HTML and XML documents, and are also used in HTTP headers, SMIL and SVG switch statements, CSS pseudo-elements, etc. This article describes how to choose values for language tags.

By Richard Ishida & Martin Dürst, W3C.

Specifying the language of content is useful for a wide number of applications, from linguistically sensitive searching to applying language-specific display properties. In some cases the potential applications for language information are still waiting for implementations to catch up, whereas in others, such as detection of language by voice browsers, it is a necessity today. Marking up language information is something that can and should be done today. Without it, it is not possible to take advantage of any of these applications.

This document is one of a series of documents providing HTML authors with techniques for developing internationalized HTML using XHTML 1.0 or HTML 4.01, supported by CSS1, CSS2 and some aspects of CSS3. It focuses specifically on advice about specifying the language of content. It is produced by the Internationalization GEO (Guidelines, Education & Outreach) Working Group of the W3C Internationalization Activity.

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Recent developments enable you to add non-ASCII characters to Web addresses. This article provides a high level introduction to how this works. It is aimed at content authors and general users who want to understand the basics without too many gory technical details.

By Richard Ishida, W3C.

Architectural Specification providing authors of specifications, software developers, and content developers with a common reference for the use of resource identifiers building on the Universal Character Set, defined jointly by the Unicode Standard and ISO/IEC 10646.

Editors: Martin J. Dürst, François Yergeau, Richard Ishida, Misha Wolf, Tex Texin.

The GEO Task Force of the Internationalization WG has published this new Working Draft to solicit comments prior to publication as a WG Note. Please read and send any comments to www-i18n-comments@w3.org.

The document provides HTML authors with techniques for developing internationalized HTML using XHTML 1.0, HTML 4.01, or XHTML 1.1, supported by CSS1, CSS2 and some aspects of CSS3. This document focuses specifically on advice about specifying the language of content.

Presentation by Andrea Vine at 26th Internationalization & Unicode Conference in San Jose, USA on 8 September, 2004.

Presentation by Martin Dürst at the 26th Internationalization & Unicode Conference in San Jose, USA on 9 September, 2004.

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FAQ-based article: Should I declare the language of my XHTML document using a language attribute, the Content-Language HTTP header, or a meta element?

By Richard Ishida, W3C.