W3C

Site Navigation


Internationalization of Web Design and Applications

This page summarizes the relationships among specifications, whether they are finished standards or drafts. Below, each title links to the most recent version of a document. For related introductory information, see: Internationalization.

Completed Work

W3C Recommendations have been reviewed by W3C Members, by software developers, and by other W3C groups and interested parties, and are endorsed by the Director as Web Standards. Learn more about the W3C Recommendation Track.

Group Notes are not standards and do not have the same level of W3C endorsement.

Standards

2005-02-15

Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0: Fundamentals

translations · errata

Architectural Specification building on Unicode to provide authors of specifications, software developers, and content developers with a common reference for interoperable text handling on the World Wide Web.

2001-05-31

Ruby Annotation

translations · errata

"Ruby" are short runs of text alongside the base text, typically used in East Asian documents to indicate pronunciation or to provide a short annotation. This specification defines markup for ruby, in the form of an XHTML module.

Group Notes

2009-09-08

Authoring HTML: Handling Right-to-left Scripts

Provides HTML/XHTML authors with best practice for developing internationalized HTML supported by CSS to create pages for languages that use bidirectional text, such as Arabic and Hebrew.

2009-06-04

Requirements for Japanese Text Layout

translations · errata

Describes requirements for general Japanese layout realized with technologies like CSS, SVG and XSL-FO. The document is mainly based on a standard for Japanese layout, JIS X 4051, however, it also addresses areas which are not covered by JIS X 4051.

2007-05-16

Unicode in XML and other Markup Languages

This document contains guidelines on the use of the Unicode Standard in conjunction with markup languages such as XML.

2007-04-12

Internationalization Best Practices: Specifying Language in XHTML & HTML Content

Provides HTML/XHTML authors with best practice for developing internationalized HTML supported by CSS to create pages for languages that use bidirectional text, such as Arabic and Hebrew.

Drafts

Below are draft documents: Candidate Recommendations, other Working Drafts. Some of these may become Web Standards through the W3C Recommendation Track process. Others may be published as Group Notes or become obsolete specifications.

Candidate Recommendations

2003-05-14

CSS3 Ruby Module

"Ruby" are short runs of text alongside the base text, typically used in East Asian documents to indicate pronunciation or to provide a short annotation. This document proposes a set of CSS properties associated with the 'Ruby' elements. They can be used in combination with the Ruby elements of HTML.

Other Working Drafts

2009-06-18

CSS Fonts Module Level 3

This CSS3 module describes how font properties are specified and how font resources are loaded dynamically. The contents of this specification are a consolidation of content previously divided into CSS3 Fonts and CSS3 Web Fonts modules.

2004-05-09

Authoring Techniques for XHTML & HTML Internationalization: Characters and Encodings 1.0

Provides HTML/XHTML authors with best practice for developing internationalized HTML supported by CSS, focusing specifically on advice about character sets, encodings, and other character-specific matters.

2002-11-07

CSS3 module: Lists

CSS is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML) on screen, on paper, in speech, etc. This draft contains the features of CSS level 3 relating to list styling.

2002-05-15

CSS3 module: line

The CSS formatting model provides for a flow of elements and text inside of a container to be wrapped into lines. This module describes the positioning in the block progression direction both of elements and text within lines and of the lines themselves. This positioning is often relative to a baseline. It also describes special features for formatting of first lines and drop caps.