Última versión
http://www.w3.org/Mobile/mobile-web-app-state/
Ésta versión
http://www.w3.org/2014/07/mobile-web-app-state/index.es.html (versión PDF )
Versión anterior
http://www.w3.org/2014/04/mobile-web-app-state/ (English)
Las tecnologías Web se han convertido en algo tan potente que se utilizan para construir aplicaciones completas; esto ha sido así durante muchos años en el ámbito de ordenadores de escritorio y portátiles, pero cada vez más también para dispositivos móviles.
Este documento resume las diversas tecnologías desarrolladas en W3C que aumentan las capacidades de las aplicaciones Web, y cómo se aplican más específicamente al contexto móvil. Un buen subconjunto de estas tecnologías se describe y se explica en la formación online en programación de aplicaciones Web de W3C .
Gráficos
Multimedia
Adaptación al dispositivo
Formularios
Interacción con la persona usuaria
Almacenamiento de datos
Gestión de la información personal
Integración con sensores y hardware
Red
Comunicación y Descubrimiento
Empaquetamiento
Pagos
Rendimiento y Optimización
Privacidad y Seguridad
Estado y cambios
Este documento es la 14º edición de la revisión de tecnologías para aplicaciones Web móviles. La edición previa fue presentada en Abril de 2014 . Una versión de este documento acepta contribuciones en el repositorio de Github del W3C Web and Mobile Interest Group .
Este documento es publicado por el Web and Mobile Interest Group ; comentarios sobre cualquier punto de este documento deberían ser enviados a public-web-mobile@w3.org , la lista de correo pública archivada del grupo de interés, o como errores o mejoras a través del repositorio en Github , o alternativamente al autor (dom@w3.org ). Todo ello servirá como mejora para la próxima iteración del documento.
Una nueva sección en esta edicion cubre el emergente campo de los pagos integrados en la Web, siguiendo el trabajo empezado por W3C en este área.
Documenta los siguientes cambios en la plataforma Web desde Abril de 2014:
Trabajo emergente
Publicado como Primer Borrador de Trabajo Público
Alcanzado el estado de Última Llamada
CSS Font Loading Module nivel 3 ha sido publicado como Borrador de Trabajo para Última Llamada;
la Beacon API , que permite pedir al navegador Web hacer peticiones HTTP después de que la página haya sido cerrada, ha sido publicado como Borrador de Trabajo para Última Llamada;
Vueltos al estado de Última Llamada
la Canvas API ha vuelto al estado de Borrador de Trabajo para Última Llamada para añadir importantes características de accesibilidad;
HTML Media Capture, para eventos de Ambident Light ha vuelto al estado de Borrador de Trabajo para Última Llamada para tener en cuenta los comentarios de los implementadores;
Alcanzado el estado de Candidato a Recomendación
la especificación HTML5 ha sido publicada como Candidato a Recomendación actulizada (después de una corto estado como Borrador de Trabajo para Última Llamada), en su proceso final al estado de W3C Recommendation para el final de este año;
Especificación combinadas, divididas o abandonadas
el atributo srcset
y el elemento picture
, usados para crear imágenes adaptables (responsive images ), han sido incluídas en la especificación HTML 5.1 , puesto que estás apareciendo sus primeras implementaciones en los navegadores Web;
Nuevo trabajo seguido
Estructura del documento
Las características que estas tecnologías aportan a la plataforma Web se organizan en las siguientes categorías: gráficos , multimedia , adaptación al dispositivo , formularios , interacción con la persona usuaria , almacenamiento de datos , gestión de la información personal , integración con sensores y hardware , red , comunicación y descubrimiento , empaquetamiento , pagos , rendimiento y optimización y privacidad y seguridad .
La Web como una plataforma para desarrollo de aplicaciones
En cada categoría, una tabla resume para cada funcionalidad:
qué especificación de W3C define la funcionalidad; aquellas especificaciones que se han identificado como de particular importancia en el Core Mobile Web Platform 2012 report están señaladas con una medalla,
qué grupo de W3C es responsable de dicha especificación,
la etapa de la especificación en el camino a W3C Recommendation (véase más adelante),
la estabilidad estimada de la funcionalidad, por ejemplo lo poco que el autor espera que cambie, a partir de un primer borrador que aún puede evolucionar mucho, a un documento final en el que los cambios esperados sean de poca importancia,
un enlace al último borrador de los editores del documento, y una representación de la reciente actividad de edición,
alguna indicación cualitativa de la disponibilidad de las implementaciones en dispositivos móviles, basado en los datos recogidos de Can I Use… y mobile HTML5 , completado con datos de Mozilla developer network , QuirksMode , estado del vídeo en HTML5 según JWPlayer , Chromium Dashboard , estado de la Plataforma Internet Explorer , así como la comprensión del autor del mercado de dispositivos móviles (véase también el código utilizado para generar los iconos de soporte ),
cuando esté disponible, un enlace a un tutorial de WebPlatform Docs , y a cursos de formación on-line en W3DevCampus relevantes
un enlace con el banco de pruebas para dicha función y, cuando sea pertinente, enlace para acceder al repositorio github.
A modo de recordatorio, W3C crea estándares Web a través del progreso del documento en su track a Recomendación , con los siguientes estados:
“Editors drafts ” representa la visión actual de las personas que editan la especificación, pero no tienen posición en términos de estandarización.
“Working Drafts ” (WD ) son los primeros hitos del progreso del Grupo de Trabajo.
“Last Call Working Drafts ” señal de que el Grupo de Trabajo ha determinado que la especificación cumple con sus requisitos y que todos los problemas conocidos se han resuelto, por lo que solicita la opinión de la comunidad en general.
“Candidate Recommendations ” (CR ) desencadena una llamada para la implementación en la que se invita a los implementadores a implementar la especificación y enviar sus comentarios; Se espera que los grupos de trabajo muestren la especificación mediante la ejecución de los conjuntos de pruebas que han desarrollado.
“Proposed Recommendations ” (PR ) manifiesta que el grupo ha reunido la suficiente experiencia de ejecución, y desencadena la revisión final por Miembros del W3C
“W3C Recommendations ” (Rec ) son estándares Web estables y completos; estos documentos son actualizados en raras ocasiones, a través del proceso de “Edited Recommendation ”, como resultado de erratas recogidas por los Grupos de Trabajo.
Antes de iniciar la normalización, un Grupo de Trabajo necesita ser puesto en marcha, basándose en las aportaciones de los Miembros del W3C, a menudo a través de la organización de un taller , o después de la recepción de una Petición de un Miembro de W3C .
W3C ha creado los Grupos de Comunidad , un mecanismo que permite que cualquiera pueda hacer el trabajo experimental dentro de la infraestructura del W3C, en virtud de las normas de Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual que son compatibles para la transición del trabajo al proceso de normalización del W3C.
1.
Gráficos
SVG , Scalable Vector Graphics , proporciona un lenguaje de marcado basado en XML para describir gráficos vectoriales de dos dimensiones. Dado que estos gráficos se describen como un conjunto de formas geométricas, pueden ampliarse a petición del usuario, lo que los hace muy adecuados para crear gráficos en dispositivos móviles donde el espacio de pantalla es limitado. También se pueden animar fácilmente, lo que permite la creación de interfaces de usuario muy avanzadas y manejables.
La integración de SVG en HTML5 abre nuevas posibilidades, por ejemplo, la aplicación de filtros de gráficos avanzados (a través de filtros SVG) a contenido multimedia, incluyendo vídeos. SVG 2.0 se establece para facilitar esa integración y completar el conjunto de características de SVG.
Como complemento del enfoque de declaración proporcionado por SVG , el elemento <canvas>
añadido en HTML5 habilita una API de programación 2D que es muy adecuada para el procesamiento de gráficos con un menor uso de memoria. Esta API no sólo permite la representación de gráficos, si no que también se puede utilizar para realizar el procesamiento y análisis de imágenes - HTML 5.1 agrega la capacidad de hacer ese procesamiento en un Web Worker separado .
Tanto SVG como HTML pueden ser estilados usando CSS (Hojas de Estilo en Cascada); en particular, CSS3 (el tercer nivel de la especificación) se construye como un conjunto de especificaciones establecidas para ofrecer un gran número de nuevas características que hacen que sea sencillo crear efectos gráficos, como esquinas redondeadas , imágenes de fondo complejas , efectos de sombra (Fondos y bordes CSS ), contenido girado (Transformaciones CSS , incluido con efectos 3D ).
CSS Flexbox permite construir disposiciones complejas necesarias para aplicaciones interactivas en pantallas pequeñas.
Las fuentes juegan también un papel importante en la construcción de interfaces gráficas atractivas, pero los dispositivos móviles son, en general, distribuidos con sólo un conjunto limitado de tipos de letra. WOFF 1.0 (Web Open Font Format ) aborda esa limitación facilitando la utilización de fuentes que se descargan automáticamente a través de las hojas de estilo, mientras se mantiene limitado el tamaño de las fuentes descargadas a lo que realmente se necesita para hacer que la interfaz se renderice. La próxima WOFF 2.0 actualiza que ese formato tenga tamaños de descarga un 25% más pequeñas, reduciendo el tiempo necesario para descargar y visualizar estas fuentes.
Teniendo en cuenta el tiempo necesario para la descarga de fuentes a través de redes móviles, los autores tienen que adaptar su contenido a la disponibilidad progresiva de las fuentes; Carga de fuentes CSS da los eventos necesarios a los desarrolladores para permitir esa adaptación.
Otro aspecto importante en aplicaciones de uso intensivo de gráficos (por ejemplo, juegos) es la posibilidad de utilizar la pantalla completa para visualizar dichos gráficos; la API de pantalla completa permite a las aplicaciones Web pedir y detectar visualización en pantalla completa.
Del mismo modo, en estos escenarios, a menudo es útil ser capaz de bloquear la orientación de la pantalla ; la API de orientación de pantalla permite no sólo detectar el cambio de orientación, sino también bloquear la orientación a un estado específico.
NB: una API de gráficos 3D para HTML5 canvas
, llamada WebGL , se ha desarrollado fuera del W3C, como parte del Khronos Group ; esta API se ha construido para ser compatible con OpenGL ES , es decir, para sistemas embebidos, y está diseñado para funcionar en dispositivos móviles.
Funcionalidad
Especificación
Grupo de trabajo
Madurez
Estabilidad
Último borrador
Implementaciones actuales
Documentación desarrolladores
Test suite
2D Vector Graphics Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 Specification SVG Finished New version of SVG (SVG 2.0) in preparation Widely deployed
Support for svg12 Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 10 10+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
High coverage Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 2 Early draft Last updated August 2014
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N/A
Support for svg2 Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
N/A 2D Programmatic API HTML Canvas 2D Context HTML Stable Last updated June 2014
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Widely deployed
Support for canvas Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 3 3+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 10 10+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Canvas Proxy for Web Workers in HTML 5.1 Early draft Last updated August 2014
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None
Support for canvasproxy Supported in Safari on iOS unknown ?
Supported in Blackberry browser unknown ?
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown ?
Supported in Firefox mobile unknown ?
Supported in Android browser unknown ?
Supported in Opera mobile unknown ?
Supported in Chrome for Android unknown ?
None Rounded Corners CSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level 3 CSS Mostly finished Last updated March 2014
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Well deployed
Support for css-border Supported in Safari on iOS from version 6.0 6.0+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 11 11+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Good coverage Complex background images CSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level 3 Mostly finished Last updated March 2014
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Well deployed
Support for css-border Supported in Safari on iOS from version 6.0 6.0+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 11 11+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Good coverage Box shadow effects CSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level 3 Mostly finished Last updated March 2014
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Well deployed
Support for css-border Supported in Safari on iOS from version 6.0 6.0+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 11 11+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Good coverage 2D Effects CSS Transforms Module Level 1 SVG andCSS Mostly stable Last updated July 2014
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Well deployed
Support for css-2d Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 2.1 2.1+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 11 11+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Good coverage 3D Effects CSS Transforms Module Level 1 Stabilizing Last updated July 2014
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Well deployed
Support for css-3d Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 3 3+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Good coverage Animations CSS Animations CSS Early draft Last updated April 2014
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Well deployed
Support for css-animation Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4 4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 12.1 12.1+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
CSS Transitions Early draft Last updated July 2014
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Well deployed
Support for css-transitions Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 2.1 2.1+
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Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Web Animations 1.0 SVG andCSS Early draft Last updated July 2014
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Limited
Support for webanimations Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
None Timing control for script-based animations Web Performance Stable Last updated October 2013
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Well deployed
Support for animation-timing Supported in Safari on iOS from version 6.0 6.0+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Well started CSS Will Change Module Level 1 CSS Early draft Last updated June 2014
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A few experimental ones
Support for css-will-change Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
N/A Complex layouts CSS Flexible Box Layout Module Level 1 Mostly finished Last updated February 2014
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Well deployed
Support for flexbox Supported in Safari on iOS from version 7.0 7.0+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 11 11+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 12.1 12.1+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Well started Downloadable fonts WOFF File Format 1.0 WebFonts Finished Finished Good deployment
Support for woff Supported in Safari on iOS from version 5.0 5.0+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 11 11+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Good coverage WOFF File Format 2.0 Early draft Last updated June 2014
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Very limited
Support for woff2 Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
N/A CSS Font Loading Module Level 3 CSS Stabilizing Last updated August 2014
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Support for css-font-loading Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 35 35+
N/A Fullscreen display Fullscreen CSS andWeb Applications Early draft Last updated October 2012
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2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Limited
Support for fullscreen Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Partial support in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 11 11+
Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Not supported in Android browser X
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
None Orientation Lock The Screen Orientation API Web Applications Early draft Last updated April 2014
Editing activity for
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Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for screenlock Supported in Safari on iOS unknown ?
Supported in Blackberry browser unknown ?
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 11 11+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 14 14+
Supported in Android browser unknown ?
Supported in Opera mobile unknown ?
Supported in Chrome for Android unknown ?
None
HTML5 añade dos etiquetas que mejoran drásticamente la integración de contenidos multimedia en la Web: las etiquetas de <video>
y <audio>
. Estas etiquetas permiten, respectivamente, la incorporación de contenidos de vídeo y audio, y permiten a los desarrolladores Web interactuar con mucha más libertad con ese contenido de lo que sería a través de plug-ins . Hacen de los contenidos multimedia ciudadanos de primera clase de la Web, de las misma forma que las imágenes lo han sido durante los últimos 20 años.
La reproducción de contenido puede ser aumentada y completada a través de Media Source Extensions que permite a los desarrolladores generar contenido multimedia en JavaScript.
Para atender a las necesidades de algunos proveedores de contenido, está bajo consideración por parte del Grupo de Trabajo HTML una propuesta para permitir la reproducción de contenido protegido , la API Encrypted Media Extensions .
La Network Service Discovery API abre la puerta para la integración de contenidos DLNA en aplicaciones Web, aunque el futuro de esa especificación es actualmente objeto de examen, debido a la actual falta de interés de implementadores.
Mientras que las nuevas etiquetas HTML5 permiten reproducir contenido multimedia, HTML Media Capture define un mecanismo basado en el marcado para acceder a contenido multimedia capturado usando la cámara y los micrófonos, una característica muy común en los dispositivos móviles. El Web Real-Time Communications Working Group y el Device APIs Working Group están construyendo juntos una API (getUserMedia
) para manipular directamente los flujos de datos de la cámara y los micrófonos , así como una API para grabar esos flujos en ficheros, y otra API para utilizar el acceso a cámaras para tomar fotos de forma programada .
Más allá de la captura y grabación, dos APIs adicionales añaden capacidades multimedia de manipulación para la plataforma Web. Ya hemos mencionado la API Canvas 2D Context API: permite la modificación de las imágenes, que a su vez abre la posibilidad de edición de vídeo .
En una línea similar, el Audio Working Group está trabajando en una API que hace que sea posible modificar el contenido de audio, así como analizar, modificar y sintetizar sonidos , la Web Audio API .
La combinación de todas estas características marca el punto de inicio de la Web como una plataforma completa para multimedia, tanto para los consumidores como para los productores. El creciente interés en torno a la unión de los mundos de la Web y la TV (que se manifiesta a través del W3C Web and TV Interest Group ) debería reforzar esta tendencia en los próximos meses. Se espera que los dispositivos móviles asuman un papel cada vez mayor en la experiencia de muchas personas usuarias con la TV, proporcionando una experiencia de "segunda pantalla", donde los usuarios pueden encontrar más información o interactuar con un programa de televisión que están viendo a través de sus dispositivos móviles.
Funcionalidad
Especificación
Grupo de trabajo
Madurez
Estabilidad
Último borrador
Implementaciones actuales
Documentación desarrolladores
Test suite
Video playback video element in HTML5 HTML Stable Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
103 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
51 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
98 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
79 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
85 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
12 commits in February 2014
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2013
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Commits on ed. draft
Good deployment
Support for video Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 2.3 2.3+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 11 11+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Audio playback audio element in HTML5 Stable Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
103 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
51 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
98 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
79 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
85 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
12 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
7 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
17 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
3 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
23 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
7 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Good deployment
Support for audio Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 2.3 2.3+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 11 11+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Generation of media content Media Source Extensions Stable Last updated August 2014
Editing activity for
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September 2013 S
1 commits in September 2013
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6 commits in December 2013
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July 2014 J
4 commits in July 2014
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1 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Limited
Support for mse Supported in Safari on iOS unknown ?
Supported in Blackberry browser unknown ?
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 11 11+
Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 25 25+
Supported in Android browser unknown ?
Supported in Opera mobile unknown ?
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 23 23+
None Protected content playback Encrypted Media Extensions Early draft Last updated August 2014
Editing activity for
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September 2013 S
8 commits in September 2013
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16 commits in November 2013
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7 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
20 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
7 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
13 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
23 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
20 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
12 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
13 commits in July 2014
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12 commits in August 2014
2013
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Commits on ed. draft
Limited
Support for eme Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 11 11+
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 32 32+
None Multimedia Gallery access Network Service Discovery Device APIs Early draft, unsure future Last updated February 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated February 2014
September 2013 S
1 commits in September 2013
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0 commits in November 2013
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0 commits in December 2013
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1 commits in February 2014
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Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for discovery Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
None Capturing audio/video HTML Media Capture Stable Last updated June 2014
Editing activity for
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1 commits in May 2014
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4 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
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2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Growing deployment
Support for inputaccept Supported in Safari on iOS from version 6.0 6.0+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 9 9+
Partial support in Android browser from version 3.0 3.0+
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 18 18+
Media Capture and Streams Device APIs andWeb Real-Time Communications Stabilizing Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
14 commits in September 2013
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19 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
4 commits in November 2013
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9 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
32 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
33 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
6 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
23 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
19 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
38 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
15 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for getusermedia Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Not supported in Android browser X
Supported in Opera mobile from version 12 12+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
MediaStream Recording Early draft Last updated November 2013
Editing activity for
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None
Support for recording Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
None Mediastream Image Capture Early draft Last updated July 2013
Editing activity for
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None
Support for imagecapture Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
None Image & Video analysis, modification HTML Canvas 2D Context HTML Stable Last updated June 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated June 2014
September 2013 S
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0 commits in November 2013
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2 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
15 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
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March 2014 M
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7 commits in April 2014
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5 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
1 commits in June 2014
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0 commits in July 2014
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2013
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Commits on ed. draft
Widely deployed
Support for canvas Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 3 3+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 10 10+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Audio analysis, modification Web Audio API Audio Starting to stabilize Last updated June 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated June 2014
September 2013 S
7 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
30 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
1 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
1 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
21 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
5 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
5 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
5 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
2 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
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Commits on ed. draft
Growing
Support for webaudio Supported in Safari on iOS from version 6.0 6.0+
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Not supported in Android browser X
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
3.
Adaptación al dispositivo
Los dispositivos móviles no sólo son muy diferentes de los ordenadores tradicionales, sino que también tienen una gran cantidad de variaciones entre ellos, en términos de tamaño de la pantalla, resolución, tipo de teclado, capacidades de grabación, etc.
La Device Description Repository API es una API de servidor unificada que permite a los desarrolladores Web recuperar los datos en los dispositivos que tienen acceso a sus páginas en una variedad de base de datos de información del dispositivo.
La Media Capture Streams API expone alguna información concreta sobre las capacidades de la cámara y los micrófonos para que sea posible tomar ventaja de la gran variedad de los medios de captura de los dispositivos que contienen los teléfonos móviles.
CSS Media Queries ofrecen un mecanismo que permite la adaptación del diseño y el comportamiento de una página Web basado en algunas de las características del dispositivo, incluyendo la resolución de la pantalla - a las que Media Queries Level 4 propone añadir la disponibilidad y el tipo de puntero de señalización del dispositivo, la capacidad de flotar (hover ) sobre los elementos, y la luminosidad ambiente.
CSS Device Adaptation define un conjunto de directivas de CSS para definir el tamaño en el que debe basarse este diseño, en relación al tamaño del dispositivo subyacente - especificando lo que se ha implementado utilizando elemento <meta name="viewport">
.
Las unidades CSS relativas del viewport vw
y vh
permiten diseñar disposiciones que se adaptan a la dimensión del viewport , mientras que el ajuste por CSS del texto en móviles permite al texto adaptarse a las partes de la página redimensionadas mediante zoom.
El Responsive Images Community Group (RICG) está trabajando actualmente en una extensión de HTML, conocida como el elemento picture
, que permite a los autores definir qué imagen cargar en función de las capacidades del dispositivo y/o otras características de media. El RICG publica un documento de casos y requisitos de uso que describe completamente el problema.
Como enfoque complementario, el atributo srcset
, especificado por el WHATWG y también publicado como una extensión de HTML, permite a los desarrolladores Web definir las diferentes proporciones de píxeles de una imagen por dispositivo, dejando que el navegador elija la mejor opción para la densidad de píxeles de la pantalla.
A partir de enero de 2014, existe un acuerdo general entre los fabricantes de navegadores para implementar ambos, picture
y srcset
.
SVG , que permite definir las imágenes que se pueden escalar ampliando y disminuyendo sin ninguna pérdida de calidad, es otra herramienta fundamental para el desarrollo de aplicaciones Web que se adapten a la resolución del dispositivo subyacente.
Funcionalidad
Especificación
Grupo de trabajo
Madurez
Estabilidad
Último borrador
Implementaciones actuales
Documentación desarrolladores
Test suite
Device information Device Description Repository Simple API Device Description finished N/A Limited Good Coverage Media Capture Capabilities Media Capture and Streams Device APIs andWeb Real-Time Communications Early draft Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
14 commits in September 2013
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19 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
4 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
9 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
32 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
33 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
6 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
23 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
19 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
38 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
15 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for getusermedia-cap Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
None CSS-based adaptation Media Queries CSS Finished Finished Widely deployed
Support for mediaqueries Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 2.1 2.1+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 10 10+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Good coverage Media Queries Level 4 Early draft Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
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0 commits in January 2014
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5 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
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6 commits in April 2014
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5 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
1 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
3 commits in July 2014
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2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for mediaqueries4 Supported in Safari on iOS unknown ?
Supported in Blackberry browser unknown ?
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown ?
Supported in Firefox mobile unknown ?
Supported in Android browser unknown ?
Supported in Opera mobile unknown ?
Supported in Chrome for Android unknown ?
None CSS Device Adaptation Early draft Last updated October 2013
Editing activity for
Last updated October 2013
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0 commits in November 2013
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0 commits in December 2013
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0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
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0 commits in May 2014
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0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
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0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for css-device-adapt Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Supported in Opera mobile from version 11.1 11.1+
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
N/A viewport relative units in CSS Values and Units Module Level 3 Mostly finished Last updated March 2013
Editing activity for
Last updated March 2013
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Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for viewport-units Partial support in Safari on iOS from version 6.0 6.0+
Partial support in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
CSS Mobile Text Size Adjustment Module Level 1 Early draft Last updated April 2013
Editing activity for
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Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for css-size-adjust Supported in Safari on iOS from version 5.0 5.0+
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
N/A Responsive images picture element in HTML 5.1 HTML stabilizing Last updated August 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated August 2014
September 2013 S
103 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
51 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
98 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
79 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
137 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
112 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
32 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
51 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
81 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
116 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
8 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
3 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Limited
Support for picture Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 33 33+
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 38 38+
N/A srcset attribute in HTML 5.1 Stabilizing Last updated August 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated August 2014
September 2013 S
103 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
51 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
98 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
79 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
137 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
112 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
32 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
51 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
81 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
116 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
8 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
3 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for srcset Supported in Safari on iOS from version 8 8+
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
None Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 Specification SVG Finished New version of SVG (SVG 2.0) in preparation Widely deployed
Support for svg12 Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 10 10+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
High coverage
La capacidad de construir formularios enriquecidos con HTML es la base para la entrada de la persona usuaria en la mayoría de las aplicaciones basadas en Web. Debido a sus teclados limitados, la entrada de texto en los dispositivos móviles sigue siendo una tarea difícil para la mayoría de las personas; HTML5 trata parte de este problema al ofrecer nuevos tipos de controles de formulario que optimizan la forma en que las personas pueden introducir datos:
la entrada de fechas y horas pueden utilizar una serie de controles de formulario dedicados (por ejemplo, <input type="date">
) donde la persona puede utilizar el control de calendario nativo;
the <input type="email ">
, <input type="tel ">
y <input type="url ">
se puede utilizar para optimizar la forma en la que la persona introduce estos difíciles tipos de datos frecuentes, por ejemplo, a través de teclados virtuales dedicados, o accediendo a los registros del dispositivo para estos datos (libreta de direcciones , favoritos , etc.);
el atributo inputmode
(propuesto en HTML 5.1) define el tipo de entrada textual que se espera en una entrada de texto;;
el atributo pattern
permite tanto guiar las entradas de texto de la persona, así como para evitar la validación en el servidor (que requiere una red de ida y vuelta), o la validación basada en JavaScript (que ocupa más recursos);
el atributo placeholder
permite guiar la entrada de texto de la persona mediante la inserción de pistas sobre qué tipo de contenido se espera en un control de entrada de texto;
el elemento <datalist>
permite crear controles de entrada de texto libre que vengan con valores predefinidos que la persona puede seleccionar; HTML 5.1 define un mecanismo para el atributo autocomplete
para rellenar automáticamente los campos de entrada basados en los datos conocidos para la persona.
Funcionalidad
Especificación
Grupo de trabajo
Madurez
Estabilidad
Último borrador
Implementaciones actuales
Documentación desarrolladores
Test suite
Date and time entries Data and Time input element in HTML5 HTML Mostly stable Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
103 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
51 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
98 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
79 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
85 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
12 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
7 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
17 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
3 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
23 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
7 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Growing
Support for inputdate Supported in Safari on iOS from version 8 8+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 10 10+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Customized text entries (tel, email, url) telephone, email and URL input element in HTML5 Stable Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
103 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
51 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
98 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
79 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
85 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
12 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
7 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
17 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
3 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
23 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
7 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for inputtext Partial support in Safari on iOS from version 5 5+
Partial support in Blackberry browser from version 4.7.1 4.7.1+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 4 4+
Partial support in Android browser from version 3 3+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 11 11+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 18 18+
Input modality inputmode attribute in HTML 5.1 Early draft Last updated August 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated August 2014
September 2013 S
103 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
51 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
98 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
79 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
137 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
112 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
32 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
51 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
81 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
116 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
8 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
3 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for inputmode Supported in Safari on iOS unknown ?
Supported in Blackberry browser unknown ?
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown ?
Supported in Firefox mobile unknown ?
Supported in Android browser unknown ?
Supported in Opera mobile unknown ?
Supported in Chrome for Android unknown ?
Input pattern pattern attribute in HTML5 Stable Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
103 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
51 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
98 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
79 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
85 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
12 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
7 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
17 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
3 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
23 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
7 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for inputpattern Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 4.7.1 4.7.1+
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 4 4+
Not supported in Android browser X
Supported in Opera mobile from version 11 11+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 18 18+
Input hint placeholder attribute in HTML5 Stable Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
103 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
51 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
98 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
79 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
85 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
12 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
7 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
17 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
3 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
23 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
7 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for inputhint Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 2.1 2.1+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 11 11+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Autocomplete for text entries datalist element in HTML5 Stable Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
103 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
51 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
98 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
79 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
85 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
12 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
7 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
17 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
3 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
23 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
7 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Growing
Support for datalist Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4.3 4.4.3+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 10 10+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
autocomplete attribute in HTML 5.1 Early draft Last updated August 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated August 2014
September 2013 S
103 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
51 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
98 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
79 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
137 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
112 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
32 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
51 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
81 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
116 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
8 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
3 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for autocomplete Supported in Safari on iOS unknown ?
Supported in Blackberry browser unknown ?
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown ?
Supported in Firefox mobile unknown ?
Supported in Android browser unknown ?
Supported in Opera mobile unknown ?
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 31 31+
None
5.
Interacción con la persona usuaria
Una parte creciente de los dispositivos móviles se basa en las interacciones táctiles. Mientras que las interacciones tradicionales reconocidas en la plataforma Web (teclado, ratón) todavía se pueden aplicar en este contexto, un manejo más específico de entrada basada táctil es un aspecto crítico de la creación de experiencias de usuario bien adaptadas que permite y recoge Touch Events in the DOM (Document Object Model ). El trabajo en esta especificación está casi terminado.
Mientras tanto, el Pointer Events Working Group ha realizado un buen progreso en un enfoque alternativo para manejar las entradas del usuario, Pointer Events , que permite manejar eventos de ratón, táctiles y de puntero bajo un único modelo. Se espera que este nuevo enfoque sustituya al actual que está ampliamente desplegado.
A medida que más y más contenido se representa como largas listas desplazables, más lógica se une a los eventos de desplazamiento, y la calidad de la experiencia de la persona usuaria en estas acciones depende de su forma de actuar. El CSSOM View Module determina cuándo los eventos de desplazamiento son lanzados , y deja que los desarrolladores especifiquen el tipo de comportamiento de desplazamiento que quieren.
El trabajo propuesto en CSS Scroll Snap Points añade una mayor capacidad para controlar el comportamiento panorámico y el scrolling mediante la definición de puntos a los que la vista de una aplicación se fijaría cuando el usuario se mueve a través de la página.
La propiedad CSS will-change
también está disponible para indicar a los navegadores que una parte determinada de la página tendrá pronto scroll y debe ser pre-renderizada.
Muchos dispositivos móviles utilizan teclados en pantalla para permitir que los usuarios escriban; la Input Method Editor (IME) API permite coordinar las interacciones entre ese teclado en pantalla y las aplicaciones Web.
A la inversa, muchos dispositivos móviles utilizan la retroalimentación háptica (como la vibración) para crear nuevas formas de interacción (por ejemplo, en los juegos); el trabajo en la vibration API en el Device APIs Working Group está realizando buenos progresos.
Pero a medida que la Web llega a nuevos dispositivos, y como los dispositivos obtienen nuevos mecanismos de interacción con las personas, también es importante permitir a los desarrolladores Web reaccionar a un conjunto más abstracto de interacciones: en lugar de tener que trabajar en términos de "haga clic en", "presione la tecla", o "un evento de toque", ser capaz de reaccionar a un comando "deshacer", o un "página siguiente" independientemente de lo que la persona ha indicado al dispositivo será beneficioso para el desarrollo de aplicaciones Web independientes del dispositivo. La especificación IndieUI Events , desarrollado por el Indie UI Working Group , tiene como objetivo abordar esta necesidad.
Los dispositivos móviles acompañan a las personas que los usan a todas partes, y muchas personas dependen de ellos para recordarles o informarles de eventos, como los mensajes: la especificación Web Notifications habilita esa característica para el entorno Web, mientras que la Push API hace posible alertar a la persona con notificaciones desde el servidor, incluso si el navegador no está en ejecución.
Los dispositivos móviles, en particular los teléfonos móviles, son también en muchos casos muy adecuados para ser utilizados a través de interacciones de voz; la Speech API Community Group está explorando la posibilidad de iniciar los trabajos de normalización en torno a una API JavaScript que haría posible que los usuarios puedan interactuar con una página Web a través de comandos de voz.
Si las personas dictan comandos o utilizan sus aplicaciones a través de interación no táctil, se arriesgan a que la pantalla del dispositivo se apague debido al salvapantallas. Una primera propuesta para una Wake Lock API permitiría a los desarrolladores señalizar la necesidad de mantener la pantalla encendida en dichas circunstancias.
Funcionalidad
Especificación
Grupo de trabajo
Madurez
Estabilidad
Último borrador
Implementaciones actuales
Documentación desarrolladores
Test suite
Touch-based interactions Touch Events Web Events Finished Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
3 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
7 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
2 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
5 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
3 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Largely deployed
Support for touchevent Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 2.1 2.1+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 11 11+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Complete Pointer Events Pointer Events Stable Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
3 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
1 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
3 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
8 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
15 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
9 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
2 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
9 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
3 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Limited deployment
Support for pointer-events Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 11 11+
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
Smooth scrolling CSSOM View Module CSS Still changing Last updated June 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated June 2014
September 2013 S
25 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
17 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
1 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
2 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
2 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
1 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
3 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for smooth-scroll Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
N/A CSS Scroll Snap Points Module Level 1 Early draft Last updated March 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated March 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
4 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
4 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
5 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
3 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Experimental
Support for css-snappoints Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
None CSS Will Change Module Level 1 Early draft Last updated June 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated June 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
3 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
3 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
2 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
A few experimental ones
Support for css-will-change Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
N/A On-screen keyboard interactions Input Method Editor API Web Applications Still changing Last updated April 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated April 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
1 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
2 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
4 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
2 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for ime Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 11 11+
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
N/A Vibration Vibration API Device APIs Mostly stable Last updated June 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated June 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
2 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
2 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
2 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
1 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
2 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Growing
Support for vibration Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Intent-based events IndieUI: Events 1.0 Independent User Interface (Indie UI) Early draft Last updated June 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated June 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
3 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
1 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
1 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
5 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
2 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
10 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
1 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
None None Notification Web Notifications Web Notification Stabilizing Last updated August 2013
Editing activity for
Last updated August 2013
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Growing deployment
Support for notification Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Partial support in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Partial support in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
Push API Web Applications Early draft, now with Service Workers Last updated August 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated August 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
1 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
1 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
3 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for push Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
N/A Speech-based interactions Web Speech API Speech API Community Group N/A N/A Last updated January 2013
Editing activity for
Last updated January 2013
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for speechinput Partial support in Safari on iOS from version 7.0 7.0+
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Partial support in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
N/A Screen wake Wake Lock API Device APIs N/A Unofficial draft Last updated August 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated August 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
33 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for wake-lock Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
N/A Accessibility Relationship between Mobile Web Best Practices (MWBP) and Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Education and Outreach andMobile Web Best Practices NOTE Finished N/A N/A N/A Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.0 Protocols and Formats Stable undefined Well deployed
Support for aria Partial support in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Partial support in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Partial support in Opera mobile from version 10 10+
Partial support in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Well started
6.
Almacenamiento de datos
Un componente crítico de muchas aplicaciones es la capacidad de guardar el estado, exportar contenido, así como de integrar datos de otros archivos y servicios en el sistema.
Para el almacenamiento de datos simple, la especificación Web Storage ofrece dos mecanismos básicos, localStorage
y sessionStorage
, que puede preservar los datos respectivamente de forma indefinida, o bien según la sesión de navegador.
Para interacciones más ricas, la plataforma Web proporciona la File Reader API que hace que sea posible cargar el contenido de un archivo.
Anteriormente, el Web Applications Working Group había considerado de forma complementaria las APIs File Writer y FileSystems , pero estas aproximaciones han sido abandonadas. Se han iniciado conversaciones sobre una nueva propuesta de API para una sandboxed filesystem API .
Mientras tanto, el atributo HTML5 download
ofrece un simple mecanismo para desencadenar una descarga de archivos (en lugar de una página de navegación), con la posibilidad de crear un nombre de archivo fácil de usar.
Sobre este acceso basado en ficheros, la Indexed Database API (IndexedDB) define una base de datos de valores y objetos jerárquicos que se integra de forma natural con JavaScript y puede ser consultada y actualizada de manera muy eficiente - se está trabajando en una nueva versión de la especificación . Destacar que el trabajo hecho alrededor de una base de datos del laddo del cliente basada en SQL , comenzado en 2009, ha sido abandonado en favor de este nuevo sistema.
Con la necesidad de almacenar cada vez más datos por el navegador (por ejemplo, para uso sin conexión), se convierte en fundamental para los desarrolladores conseguir espacio de almacenamiento, que la Quota Management API ofrecerá a las aplicaciones Web.
Del mismo modo, ya que algunos de estos datos deben ser cifrados, la Web Cryptography API del Web Cryptography Working Group expone fuertes primitivas de cifrado para aplicaciones Web, y se puede enlazar a claves preprovisionadas a través de la API WebCrypto Key Discovery .
Funcionalidad
Especificación
Grupo de trabajo
Madurez
Estabilidad
Último borrador
Implementaciones actuales
Documentación desarrolladores
Test suite
Simple data storage Web Storage Web Applications Finished Last updated May 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated May 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
2 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
3 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
1 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
1 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for webstorage Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 2.1 2.1+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 11 11+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
File operations File API Stabilizing Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
11 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
6 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
9 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
2 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
1 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
5 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
5 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
9 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
11 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
3 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Getting well deployed
Support for filereader Supported in Safari on iOS from version 6.0 6.0+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 3 3+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 11.1 11.1+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
File API: Writer Retired Abandoned Last updated January 2013
Editing activity for
Last updated January 2013
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Limited
Support for filewrite Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
None File API: Directories and System Retired Abandoned Last updated January 2013
Editing activity for
Last updated January 2013
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Limited
Support for filesystem Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
None FileSystem API N/A Early proposal Last updated March 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated March 2014
September 2013 S
2 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
1 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
N/A None download attribute in HTML5 HTML Stable Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
103 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
51 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
98 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
79 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
85 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
12 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
7 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
17 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
3 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
23 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
7 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Limited, but growing
Support for html5-download Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Database query/update Indexed Database API Web Applications Stable Last updated March 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated March 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
2 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
2 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
5 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Growing
Support for indexeddb Supported in Safari on iOS from version 8 8+
Partial support in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Web SQL Database Retired Abandoned N/A Somewhat deployed, but won’t be further deployed
Support for websql Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Supported in Android browser from version 2.1 2.1+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 11 11+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
N/A Quota for storage Quota Management API Early work Last updated February 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated February 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
3 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
6 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
1 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for quota Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 18 18+
None Encrypted storage Web Cryptography API Web Cryptography Stabilizing Last updated June 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated June 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
5 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
9 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
51 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
27 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
32 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for crypto Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 11 11+
Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 19 19+
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 37 37+
WebCrypto Key Discovery Early work Last updated May 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated May 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
2 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for cryptokey Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
None
Las aplicaciones pueden beneficiarse de la integración con los registros de datos existentes de sus usuarios; en los dispositivos móviles, la libreta de direcciones y el calendario son fuente muy útil de información.
Funcionalidad
Especificación
Grupo de trabajo
Madurez
Estabilidad
Último borrador
Implementaciones actuales
Documentación desarrolladores
Test suite
Addressbook data Contacts Manager API System Applications Early draft Last updated April 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated April 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
1 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
2 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for contacts-sys Supported in Safari on iOS unknown ?
Supported in Blackberry browser unknown ?
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown ?
Supported in Firefox mobile unknown ?
Supported in Android browser unknown ?
Supported in Opera mobile unknown ?
Supported in Chrome for Android unknown ?
None autocomplete attribute in HTML 5.1 HTML Early draft Last updated August 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated August 2014
September 2013 S
103 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
51 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
98 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
79 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
137 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
112 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
32 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
51 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
81 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
116 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
8 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
3 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for autocomplete Supported in Safari on iOS unknown ?
Supported in Blackberry browser unknown ?
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown ?
Supported in Firefox mobile unknown ?
Supported in Android browser unknown ?
Supported in Opera mobile unknown ?
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 31 31+
None
8.
Integración con sensores y hardware
Los dispositivos móviles están llenos de sensores, por lo que son un gran puente entre los mundos reales y virtuales: GPS, acelerómetro, detector de luz ambiental, micrófono, cámara, termómetro, etc.
Para sacar el máximo provecho de estos sensores en aplicaciones Web móviles, los desarrolladores Web deben estar provistos de hooks para interactuar con ellos.
La Geolocation API proporciona una interfaz común para localizar el dispositivo, independientemente de la tecnología subyacente (GPS, identificación de redes WiFi, triangulación en las redes celulares, etc.). Se está trabajando en nueva propuesta para una versión de la API que incluye geofencing .
Las aplicaciones Web ahora también pueden acceder a los datos de orientación y aceleración a través de la especificación DeviceOrientation Event Specification .
Una serie de APIs para otros sensores están en desarrollo: la Battery Status API , la Proximity Events API , la Ambient Light Events API o la propuesta Ambient Humidity Events API .
Como ya se mencionó en el apartado de multimedia , hay un trabajo en curso sobre las APIs para abrir el acceso a los de datos de cámaras y micrófonos .
La oportunidad para las aplicaciones Web para utilizar mecanismos Near-Field Communications (NFC) han llevado al NFC Working Group a desarrollar la Web NFC API .
Un acceso más global de sensores y hardware (incluyendo USB y bluetooth) está en el ámbito de System Applications Working Group . Recientemente un Web Bluetooth Community Group ha comenzado a desarrollar una Bluetooth Low Engergy API para navegadores.
Funcionalidad
Especificación
Grupo de trabajo
Madurez
Estabilidad
Último borrador
Implementaciones actuales
Documentación desarrolladores
Test suite
Geolocation Geolocation API Specification Geolocation Finished Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
1 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
3 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
5 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Widely deployed
Support for geolocation Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 2.1 2.1+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 11 11+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Good coverage Motion sensors DeviceOrientation Event Specification Stabilizing, but with planned updates Last updated April 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated April 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
3 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
16 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
1 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for accelerometer Partial support in Safari on iOS from version 4.2 4.2+
Partial support in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 11 11+
Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Partial support in Android browser from version 3 3+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 12 12+
Partial support in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Started Battery Status Battery Status API Device APIs Stable Last updated August 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated August 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
1 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
1 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
10 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
4 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
3 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for battery Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
Proximity sensors Proximity Events Stable Last updated April 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated April 2014
September 2013 S
4 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
1 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for proximity Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
Ambient Light sensor Ambient Light Events Stable Last updated June 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated June 2014
September 2013 S
4 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
1 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
7 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for ambientlight Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
Humidity sensor Ambient Humidity Events N/A Unofficial draft Last updated October 2013
Editing activity for
Last updated October 2013
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
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2 commits in October 2013
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0 commits in November 2013
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0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
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0 commits in April 2014
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0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
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0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for humidity Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
N/A Camera & Microphone streams Media Capture and Streams Device APIs andWeb Real-Time Communications Stabilizing Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
14 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
19 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
4 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
9 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
32 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
33 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
6 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
23 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
19 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
38 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
15 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for getusermedia Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Not supported in Android browser X
Supported in Opera mobile from version 12 12+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
NFC Web NFC API Near Field Communications Very early draft Last updated April 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated April 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
1 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
4 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for nfc Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
None
9.
Red
La conectividad de red representa un activo importante para los dispositivos móviles: la Web es una inmensa tienda de contenidos, así como una fuente casi inagotable de poder de procesamiento, superando dos de las limitaciones de los dispositivos móviles.
La plataforma Web está creando una serie de APIs que facilitan el establecimiento de la conectividad de red en diferentes contextos.
XMLHttpRequest (la base del desarrollo Ajax) es una API ampliamente desplegada para cargar contenido desde servidores Web utilizando el protocolo HTTP y HTTPS: la especificación W3C (anteriormente conocido como XMLHttpRequest Level 2 ) completa la vigente API con la capacidad de hacer peticiones a servidores en un dominio diferente, la retroalimentación programática sobre la marcha de las operaciones de red, y un manejo más eficiente de contenido binario.
La API Beacon iniciado recientemente permitirá a los desarrolladores encolar las peticiones HTTP sin supervisión, dejando que el navegador las ejecute cuando lo considere necesario, abriendo la puerta para una mejor optimización de la red.
El trabajo iniciado en Web Background Synchronization API proporcionaría un mecanismo robusto basado en Web Worker que permita a las aplicaciones Web descargar y subir contenido en segundo plano, incluso si el navegador no está en ejecución.
Por defecto, los navegadores no permiten hacer solicitudes a través de diferentes dominios (o más específicamente, a través de diferentes orígenes , una combinación del protocolo, el dominio y el puerto) desde una única página Web; esta regla protege al usuario de sufrir un abuso de sus credenciales y el robo de sus datos en otro sitio Web. Los sitios pueden optar por no usar esa regla, haciendo uso del mecanismo de Cross-Origin Resource Sharing , abriendo una cooperación mucho más amplia entre aplicaciones y servicios Web.
XMLHttpRequest es útil para las solicitudes de red iniciadas por el cliente, pero los dispositivos móviles con sus capacidades de red limitadas y el coste que las solicitudes de red inducen en su batería (y algunas veces en su factura de usuarios), a menudo puede hacer un mejor uso de las solicitudes iniciadas por el servidor. La API Server-Sent Events permite desencadenar eventos DOM basados en notificaciones push (a través de HTTP y otros protocolos).
Los primeros trabajos sobre una Push API permitiría a las aplicaciones Web recibir mensajes enviados por el servidor tanto si la aplicación está activa en una ventana del navegador como si no. Para estandarizar los aspectos del protocolo del mecanismo, se está discutiendo un manifiesto por un IETF Working Group .
La API WebSocket , construida sobre el protocolo IETF WebSocket , ofrece una conectividad de red bidirectional, más flexible, y menos intesiva en recursos que XMLHttpRequest.
El trabajo en Web Real-Time Communications también ofrecerá conexiones directas de datos fuente a fuente entre navegadores con características de tiempo real, abriendo el camino para la colaboración multi-dispositivos de las aplicaciones Web.
Por supuesto, una parte importante de la utilización de la conectividad de red se basa en ser capaz de determinar si existe dicha conectividad, y el tipo de red disponible. La flag DOM HTML5 onLine (y su evento de cambio asociado, ononline
) señala cuando la conectividad de red está disponible para el entorno Web.
La network-information API , que se suponía iba a abordar el descubrimiento de las características de la red, ha sido abandonada por el momento debido a la falta de casos de uso .
La API Resource Timing ofrece medir con precisión el impacto de la red en el tiempo necesario para cargar diversos recursos, ofreciendo otro enfoque para adaptar una aplicación Web a su entorno de red.
Funcionalidad
Especificación
Grupo de trabajo
Madurez
Estabilidad
Último borrador
Implementaciones actuales
Documentación desarrolladores
Test suite
HTTP(s) network API XMLHttpRequest Level 1 Web Applications stabilizing Last updated May 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated May 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
7 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
8 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
1 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
1 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
2 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Very broad for basic features, growing for most recent ones
Support for xhr2 Supported in Safari on iOS from version 5.0 5.0+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 3 3+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 12 12+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Beacon Web Performance Early draft Last updated February 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated February 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
6 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
3 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
11 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
1 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
4 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for beacon Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
N/A Web Background Synchronization Web Applications N/A Early draft Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
16 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
10 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
1 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for background-sync Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
None Cross-domain requests Cross-Origin Resource Sharing Web Applications andWeb Application Security Stable Last updated June 2012
Editing activity for
Last updated June 2012
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
0 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Getting well-deployed
Support for cors Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 2.1 2.1+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 12 12+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Server-pushed requests Server-Sent Events Web Applications Stable Last updated May 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated May 2014
September 2013 S
1 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
2 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
2 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
2 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
1 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
1 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
1 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Getting well-deployed
Support for eventsource Supported in Safari on iOS from version 4.0 4.0+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 11.1 11.1+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Push API Early draft, now with Service Workers Last updated August 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated August 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
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0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
0 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
0 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
0 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
0 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
1 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
0 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
1 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
3 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for push Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
N/A Bidirectional connections The WebSocket API Stable Last updated June 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated June 2014
September 2013 S
0 commits in September 2013
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2 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
3 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
0 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
3 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
4 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
0 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
1 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
1 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
1 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
0 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Good deployment
Support for websockets Supported in Safari on iOS from version 6.0 6.0+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 12.1 12.1+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
P2P data connections WebRTC 1.0: Real-time Communication Between Browsers Web Real-Time Communications Early draft Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
2 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
0 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
22 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
1 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
30 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
12 commits in February 2014
March 2014 M
2 commits in March 2014
April 2014 A
7 commits in April 2014
May 2014 M
4 commits in May 2014
June 2014 J
21 commits in June 2014
July 2014 J
4 commits in July 2014
August 2014 A
0 commits in August 2014
2013
2014
Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for p2p Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Not supported in Android browser X
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
None on-line state onLine state in HTML5 HTML Mostly stable Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for
Last updated July 2014
September 2013 S
103 commits in September 2013
October 2013 O
51 commits in October 2013
November 2013 N
98 commits in November 2013
December 2013 D
79 commits in December 2013
January 2014 J
85 commits in January 2014
February 2014 F
12 commits in February 2014
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Limited
Support for online Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 8 8+
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Supported in Android browser from version 2.2 2.2+
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 18 18+
Network characteristics The Network Information API Device APIs Retired Abandoned Last updated April 2014
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Very limited
Support for networkapi Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 10 10+
Partial support in Android browser from version 2.2 2.2+
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
None Resource Timing Web Performance Stable Last updated March 2014
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Support for res-timing Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Early start
10.
Comunicación y Descubrimiento
Más allá de la conexión a los servicios en línea, permitir la comunicación entre usuarios y también entre dispositivos y entre aplicaciones es un aspecto importante de una buena plataforma de desarrollo móvil. Para comunicarse con dispositivos desconocidos o servicios ya existentes, un componente de descubrimiento es fundamental.
Para las aplicaciones Web no en un navegador, el System Applications Working Group está trabajando en una completa Messaging API .
La API postMessage
del HTML5 Web Messaging permite a las aplicaciones Web comunicarse entre sí.
La API Network Service Discovery ofrece descubrir servicios en la red local (como los que se ofrecen a través de DLNA), permitiendo a las aplicaciones Web móviles integrarse perfectamente con estos servicios.
El Web Real-Time Communications Working Group es el encargado de un diverso y amplio conjunto de oportunidades de comunicación:
Conexión Peer-to-peer entre dispositivos,
Flujo de datos de audio y video P2P permitiendo la comunicación en tiempo real entre usuarios.
Funcionalidad
Especificación
Grupo de trabajo
Madurez
Estabilidad
Último borrador
Implementaciones actuales
Documentación desarrolladores
Test suite
Emails, SMS and MMS Messaging API System Applications First draft Last updated November 2013
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None
Support for messaging-sys Supported in Safari on iOS unknown ?
Supported in Blackberry browser unknown ?
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown ?
Supported in Firefox mobile unknown ?
Supported in Android browser unknown ?
Supported in Opera mobile unknown ?
Supported in Chrome for Android unknown ?
None Inter-app communications HTML5 Web Messaging Web Applications Stable Last updated May 2014
Editing activity for
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Well deployed
Support for postmessage Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.2 3.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 11 11+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 2.1 2.1+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 10 10+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Network services discovery Network Service Discovery Device APIs Early draft, unsure future Last updated February 2014
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Support for discovery Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
None P2P connections and audio/video streams WebRTC 1.0: Real-time Communication Between Browsers Web Real-Time Communications Early draft Last updated July 2014
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Limited but growing
Support for p2p Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Not supported in Android browser X
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
None
12.
Payment
Las tiendas de aplicaciones nativas en dispositivos móviles han facilitado la monetización de las aplicaciones a los desarrolladores, tanto a través de la venta de las propias aplicaciones como de la venta a través de las mismas (las in-app purchases ).
Mientras que las aplicaciones Web pueden usar soluciones bien conocidas de pago on-line , se ha comprobado que estas soluciones son más difíciles de usar en dispositivos móviles.
En Marzo de 2014, W3C organizó un taller sobre pagos en la Web para identificar posibles vías en que los estándares pudieran ayudar a hacer la experiencia de pago más simple, especialmente en disositivos móviles. Se está elaborando un manifiesto para un W3C Interest Group que dirija el trabajo en éste ámbito.
Mientras tanto, HTML5.1 especifica ayuda para autocompletar los detalles de la tarjeta de crédito , haciendo más simple el pago mediante tarjeta de crédito una vez que los datos han sido ya introducidos una vez.
Funcionalidad
Especificación
Grupo de trabajo
Madurez
Estabilidad
Último borrador
Implementaciones actuales
Documentación desarrolladores
Test suite
Integrated payment Credit card details autocomplete in HTML 5.1 HTML Early draft Last updated August 2014
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Very limited
Support for autocomplete-cc Supported in Safari on iOS unknown ?
Supported in Blackberry browser unknown ?
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown ?
Supported in Firefox mobile unknown ?
Supported in Android browser unknown ?
Supported in Opera mobile unknown ?
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 31 31+
None
Debido a su CPU limitada, y más importante su batería limitada, los dispositivos móviles requieren una gran cantidad de atención en términos de rendimiento.
El trabajo iniciado por el Web Performance Working Group en Navigation Timing , Resource Timing , Performance Timeline y User Timing , da las herramientas a los desarrolladores Web para la optimización de sus aplicaciones Web.
Los primeros trabajos en una especificación de Resource Priorities , part del nuevo objetivo del Web Performance Working Group , dejará que los desarrolladores indiquen qué solicitudes de red deben ser priorizadas.
El trabajo propuesto sobre Efficient Script Yielding ofrece la oportunidad a los desarrolladores Web de utilizar la programación asíncrona más eficiente, pero ha ganado hasta el momento tracción muy limitada.
La API para determinar si se está visualizando una página Web (Page Visibility API ) también se puede utilizar para adaptar el uso de los recursos a la necesidad de la aplicación Web, por ejemplo mediante la reducción de actividad de la red cuando se minimiza la página. Del mismo modo, la API para control del timing para animaciones basadas en scripts puede ayudar a reducir el uso de los recursos necesarios para la reproducción de animaciones.
Más allá de la optimización de los recursos, la reactividad percibida de una aplicación es también un aspecto crítico de la experiencia del usuario móvil. El mecanismo tipo hilos hecho posible por Web Workers permite mantener la interfaz de usuario en modo responsive al descargar las operaciones que mayor recursos consumen en un proceso en segundo plano.
La API de batería permite ajustar el uso de los recursos al nivel actual de energía disponible en la batería de un dispositivo móvil.
Las Mobile Web Application Best Practices proporcionan recomendaciones generales sobre cómo crear aplicaciones Web que funcionan bien en los dispositivos móviles, teniendo en cuenta en particular las necesidades de optimización. La oportunidad de actualizar estas mejores prácticas se está construyendo en el Web and Mobile Interest Group .
Funcionalidad
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Último borrador
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Test suite
Timing hooks Navigation Timing Web Performance Finished Finished Well deployed
Support for nav-timing Supported in Safari on iOS from version 8 8+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4 4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Resource Timing Stable Last updated March 2014
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Growing
Support for res-timing Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Early start Performance Timeline Finished Finished Limited
Support for perf-timeline Supported in Safari on iOS unknown ?
Supported in Blackberry browser unknown ?
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 11 11+
Supported in Firefox mobile unknown ?
Supported in Android browser unknown ?
Supported in Opera mobile unknown ?
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 30 30+
User Timing Finished Finished Growing
Support for user-timing Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Network prioritization Resource Priorities Early draft Last updated April 2014
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Commits on ed. draft
Experimental
Support for lazy Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 11 11+
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
None Priority handling Efficient Script Yielding Early draft Last updated April 2013
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Very limited
Support for setimmediate Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
None Page Visibility detection Page Visibility Finished Finished Well deployed
Support for visibilitychange Supported in Safari on iOS from version 7.0 7.0+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 12.1 12.1+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Animation optimization Timing control for script-based animations Stable Last updated October 2013
Editing activity for
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Well deployed
Support for animation-timing Supported in Safari on iOS from version 6.0 6.0+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Well started Threading Web Workers Web Applications Stable Last updated May 2014
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Well deployed
Support for webworkers Supported in Safari on iOS from version 5.0 5.0+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 2.1 2.1+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 11 11+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Battery Status Battery Status API Device APIs Stable Last updated August 2014
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Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for battery Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
Optimization Best Practices Mobile Web Application Best Practices Mobile Web Best Practices Finished N/A N/A N/A
14.
Privacidad y Seguridad
Los dispositivos móviles siguen a sus usuarios por todo el mundo, y tienen en ellos algunos de los datos más privados y confidenciales (contactos, fotos, calendario, etc.). En consecuencia, es fundamental que los usuarios puedan confiar en sus teléfonos para mantener los datos a salvo de posibles ataques.
Las especificaciones del W3C son revisados por su impacto en la seguridad y la privacidad como parte de su progreso a través del track de Recommendation; el Privacy Interest Group y el Web Security Interest Group en particular, están coordinando revisiones en sus respectivos campos.
Pero más allá de estas consideraciones de tecnología, una serie de elementos de trabajo en curso necesitan protección adicional.
La primera línea de defensa para los usuarios y la unidad de aislamiento para las aplicaciones Web es la política del mismo origen, que limita a qué puede acceder una aplicación Web en cuanto a los contenidos y datos alojados en el mismo origen, es decir, la combinación del esquema de URL, nombre de dominio y el puerto.
Por razones de herencia, esta política no es tan estricta en algunas partes de la plataforma Web, exponiendo a los usuarios a una mayor posibilidad de ataque a través de secuencias de comandos en sitios cruzados o cross-site request forgery. Para habilitar que los autores de aplicaciones Web reduzcan la superficie de ataque más allá de lo que exige la recomendación, la Content Security Policy ofrece hooks que limita los daños que un atacante podría aspirar a lograr.
Para fortalecer aún más la integridad de sus aplicaciones, los desarrolladores Web pueden hacer uso del mecanismo Subresource integrity , que hace posible bloquear los ataques man-in-the-middle o comprometidos proveedores terceros.
En las aplicaciones que agregan el contenido de múltiples fuentes (posiblemente de no confianza), el sandbox HTML5 iframe
permite restringir con qué tipo de interacciones con contenido intregrado de terceros se puede hacer uso.
Como se describió anteriormente, la Web Cryptography API proporciona las herramientas necesarias para cifrar los datos para el almacenamiento y la transmisión desde las aplicaciones Web, con claves de acceso aprovisionado previamente a través de la API WebCrypto Key Discovery .
Para los usuarios que deseen indicar en sus preferencias no ser rastreados a través de sitios y aplicaciones Web, la Tracking Preference Expression (también conocida como Do No Track ) permite a los navegadores comunicar de manera explícita su deseo a los proveedores de contenido, y determinar si un proveedor de contenido dado cumple ese deseo.
Para facilitar la autenticación de las personas a los servicios on-line , se ha comenzado a trabajar en la identificación de las oportuniades para gestionar las credenciales y la autorización on-line .
Funcionalidad
Especificación
Grupo de trabajo
Madurez
Estabilidad
Último borrador
Implementaciones actuales
Documentación desarrolladores
Test suite
Strengthened security Content Security Policy 1.0 Web Application Security Stable Last updated June 2013
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Well-deployed
Support for csp Supported in Safari on iOS from version 6.0 6.0+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 4.4 4.4+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Subresource Integrity Just started Last updated May 2014
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None
Support for subres-integrity Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
None Sandboxed iframe in HTML5 HTML Stable Last updated July 2014
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Commits on ed. draft
Widely deployed
Support for iframe-sandbox Supported in Safari on iOS from version 4.2 4.2+
Supported in Blackberry browser from version 10 10+
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 10 10+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 31 31+
Supported in Android browser from version 2.2 2.2+
Supported in Opera mobile from version 22 22+
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 36 36+
Encrypted storage Web Cryptography API Web Cryptography Stabilizing Last updated June 2014
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Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for crypto Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 11 11+
Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 19 19+
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 37 37+
WebCrypto Key Discovery Early work Last updated May 2014
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Support for cryptokey Not supported in Safari on iOS X
Not supported in Blackberry browser X
Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone X
Not supported in Firefox mobile X
Not supported in Android browser X
Not supported in Opera mobile X
Not supported in Chrome for Android X
None Tracking protection Tracking Preference Expression (DNT) Tracking Protection Stabilizing undefined Good deployment
Support for dnt Supported in Safari on iOS from version 5 5+
Supported in Blackberry browser unknown ?
Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 9 9+
Supported in Firefox mobile from version 6 6+
Supported in Android browser unknown ?
Supported in Opera mobile unknown ?
Supported in Chrome for Android from version 23 23+
None
Agradecimientos
Gracias a Art Barstow, Anssi Kostiainen, Jo Rabin, Jose Manrique Lopez, Mounir Lamouri, Marcos Caceres, François Daoust and Ronan Cremin for their contributions to this document.
Este documento es producido a través del HTML5Apps project , financiado por la Unión Europea a través del Séptimo Programa Marco (FP7/2013-2015) bajo el acuerdo n°611327 - HTML5 Apps.
La traducción al español ha sido producida en el marco del proyecto “Asesoramiento experto en materia de movilidad y visualización sobre Software de Fuentes Abiertas” , financiado por Cenatic .