Estándares para Aplicaciones Web en movilidad: estado actual y hoja de ruta

Julio 2014

Última versión
http://www.w3.org/Mobile/mobile-web-app-state/
Ésta versión
http://www.w3.org/2014/07/mobile-web-app-state/index.es.html (versión PDF)
Versión anterior
http://www.w3.org/2014/04/mobile-web-app-state/ (English)

Las tecnologías Web se han convertido en algo tan potente que se utilizan para construir aplicaciones completas; esto ha sido así durante muchos años en el ámbito de ordenadores de escritorio y portátiles, pero cada vez más también para dispositivos móviles.

Este documento resume las diversas tecnologías desarrolladas en W3C que aumentan las capacidades de las aplicaciones Web, y cómo se aplican más específicamente al contexto móvil. Un buen subconjunto de estas tecnologías se describe y se explica en la formación online en programación de aplicaciones Web de W3C.

  1. Gráficos
  2. Multimedia
  3. Adaptación al dispositivo
  4. Formularios
  5. Interacción con la persona usuaria
  6. Almacenamiento de datos
  7. Gestión de la información personal
  8. Integración con sensores y hardware
  9. Red
  10. Comunicación y Descubrimiento
  11. Empaquetamiento
  12. Pagos
  13. Rendimiento y Optimización
  14. Privacidad y Seguridad

Estado y cambios

Este documento es la 14º edición de la revisión de tecnologías para aplicaciones Web móviles. La edición previa fue presentada en Abril de 2014. Una versión de este documento acepta contribuciones en el repositorio de Github del W3C Web and Mobile Interest Group.

Este documento es publicado por el Web and Mobile Interest Group; comentarios sobre cualquier punto de este documento deberían ser enviados a public-web-mobile@w3.org, la lista de correo pública archivada del grupo de interés, o como errores o mejoras a través del repositorio en Github, o alternativamente al autor (dom@w3.org). Todo ello servirá como mejora para la próxima iteración del documento.

Una nueva sección en esta edicion cubre el emergente campo de los pagos integrados en la Web, siguiendo el trabajo empezado por W3C en este área.

Documenta los siguientes cambios en la plataforma Web desde Abril de 2014:

Trabajo emergente
Publicado como Primer Borrador de Trabajo Público
Alcanzado el estado de Última Llamada
  • CSS Font Loading Module nivel 3 ha sido publicado como Borrador de Trabajo para Última Llamada;
  • la Beacon API, que permite pedir al navegador Web hacer peticiones HTTP después de que la página haya sido cerrada, ha sido publicado como Borrador de Trabajo para Última Llamada;
Vueltos al estado de Última Llamada
  • la Canvas API ha vuelto al estado de Borrador de Trabajo para Última Llamada para añadir importantes características de accesibilidad;
  • HTML Media Capture, para eventos de Ambident Light ha vuelto al estado de Borrador de Trabajo para Última Llamada para tener en cuenta los comentarios de los implementadores;
Alcanzado el estado de Candidato a Recomendación
  • la especificación HTML5 ha sido publicada como Candidato a Recomendación actulizada (después de una corto estado como Borrador de Trabajo para Última Llamada), en su proceso final al estado de W3C Recommendation para el final de este año;
Especificación combinadas, divididas o abandonadas
  • el atributo srcset y el elemento picture, usados para crear imágenes adaptables (responsive images), han sido incluídas en la especificación HTML 5.1, puesto que estás apareciendo sus primeras implementaciones en los navegadores Web;
Nuevo trabajo seguido

Estructura del documento

Las características que estas tecnologías aportan a la plataforma Web se organizan en las siguientes categorías: gráficos, multimedia, adaptación al dispositivo, formularios, interacción con la persona usuaria, almacenamiento de datos, gestión de la información personal, integración con sensores y hardware, red, comunicación y descubrimiento, empaquetamiento, pagos, rendimiento y optimización y privacidad y seguridad.

Diagram showing the various components of the Web platform
La Web como una plataforma para desarrollo de aplicaciones

En cada categoría, una tabla resume para cada funcionalidad:

A modo de recordatorio, W3C crea estándares Web a través del progreso del documento en su track a Recomendación, con los siguientes estados:

Antes de iniciar la normalización, un Grupo de Trabajo necesita ser puesto en marcha, basándose en las aportaciones de los Miembros del W3C, a menudo a través de la organización de un taller, o después de la recepción de una Petición de un Miembro de W3C.

W3C ha creado los Grupos de Comunidad, un mecanismo que permite que cualquiera pueda hacer el trabajo experimental dentro de la infraestructura del W3C, en virtud de las normas de Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual que son compatibles para la transición del trabajo al proceso de normalización del W3C.

1. Gráficos

SVG, Scalable Vector Graphics, proporciona un lenguaje de marcado basado en XML para describir gráficos vectoriales de dos dimensiones. Dado que estos gráficos se describen como un conjunto de formas geométricas, pueden ampliarse a petición del usuario, lo que los hace muy adecuados para crear gráficos en dispositivos móviles donde el espacio de pantalla es limitado. También se pueden animar fácilmente, lo que permite la creación de interfaces de usuario muy avanzadas y manejables.

La integración de SVG en HTML5 abre nuevas posibilidades, por ejemplo, la aplicación de filtros de gráficos avanzados (a través de filtros SVG) a contenido multimedia, incluyendo vídeos. SVG 2.0 se establece para facilitar esa integración y completar el conjunto de características de SVG.

Como complemento del enfoque de declaración proporcionado por SVG , el elemento <canvas> añadido en HTML5 habilita una API de programación 2D que es muy adecuada para el procesamiento de gráficos con un menor uso de memoria. Esta API no sólo permite la representación de gráficos, si no que también se puede utilizar para realizar el procesamiento y análisis de imágenes - HTML 5.1 agrega la capacidad de hacer ese procesamiento en un Web Worker separado.

Tanto SVG como HTML pueden ser estilados usando CSS (Hojas de Estilo en Cascada); en particular, CSS3 (el tercer nivel de la especificación) se construye como un conjunto de especificaciones establecidas para ofrecer un gran número de nuevas características que hacen que sea sencillo crear efectos gráficos, como esquinas redondeadas, imágenes de fondo complejas, efectos de sombra (Fondos y bordes CSS), contenido girado (Transformaciones CSS, incluido con efectos 3D).

Las animaciones pueden ser descritas de forma declarada via Animaciones CSS, y Transiciones CSS.

Las animaciones también se pueden gestionar a través de secuencias de comandos a través de la API expuesta en Animaciones Web; ya que pueden ser intensas en el uso de recursos, la posibilidad que ofrece la API para el control de la temporización de animaciones basadas en secuencias de comandos para manejar el ratio de actualizaciones a animaciones puede ayudar a mantenerlos bajo control.

Para asegurar resultados óptimos cuando se animan partes de una aplicación, los autores pueden hacer uso de la propiedad CSS will-change para permitir a los navegadores calcular la animación antes de que ocurra.

CSS Flexbox permite construir disposiciones complejas necesarias para aplicaciones interactivas en pantallas pequeñas.

Las fuentes juegan también un papel importante en la construcción de interfaces gráficas atractivas, pero los dispositivos móviles son, en general, distribuidos con sólo un conjunto limitado de tipos de letra. WOFF 1.0 (Web Open Font Format) aborda esa limitación facilitando la utilización de fuentes que se descargan automáticamente a través de las hojas de estilo, mientras se mantiene limitado el tamaño de las fuentes descargadas a lo que realmente se necesita para hacer que la interfaz se renderice. La próxima WOFF 2.0 actualiza que ese formato tenga tamaños de descarga un 25% más pequeñas, reduciendo el tiempo necesario para descargar y visualizar estas fuentes.

Teniendo en cuenta el tiempo necesario para la descarga de fuentes a través de redes móviles, los autores tienen que adaptar su contenido a la disponibilidad progresiva de las fuentes; Carga de fuentes CSS da los eventos necesarios a los desarrolladores para permitir esa adaptación.

Otro aspecto importante en aplicaciones de uso intensivo de gráficos (por ejemplo, juegos) es la posibilidad de utilizar la pantalla completa para visualizar dichos gráficos; la API de pantalla completa permite a las aplicaciones Web pedir y detectar visualización en pantalla completa.

Del mismo modo, en estos escenarios, a menudo es útil ser capaz de bloquear la orientación de la pantalla; la API de orientación de pantalla permite no sólo detectar el cambio de orientación, sino también bloquear la orientación a un estado específico.

NB: una API de gráficos 3D para HTML5 canvas, llamada WebGL, se ha desarrollado fuera del W3C, como parte del Khronos Group; esta API se ha construido para ser compatible con OpenGL ES, es decir, para sistemas embebidos, y está diseñado para funcionar en dispositivos móviles.

Funcionalidad Especificación Grupo de trabajo Madurez Estabilidad Último borrador Implementaciones actuales Documentación desarrolladores Test suite
2D Vector GraphicsScalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 SpecificationSVGRECFinishedNew version of SVG (SVG 2.0) in preparationWidely deployed
Support for svg12Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1010+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.orgHigh coverage
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 2WDEarly draftLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 12 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 2 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 25 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 5 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 7 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 58 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 13 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 10 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 7 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 2 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 1 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
N/A
Support for svg2Not supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
N/A
2D Programmatic APIHTML Canvas 2D ContextHTMLLastCallStableLast updated June 2014
Editing activity for Last updated June 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 1 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 2 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 15 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 7 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 7 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 5 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 1 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Widely deployed
Support for canvasSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 33+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1010+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
Canvas Proxy for Web Workers in HTML 5.1WDEarly draftLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 137 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 112 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 32 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 51 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 81 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 116 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 8 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 3 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for canvasproxySupported in Safari on iOS unknown? Supported in Blackberry browser unknown? Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown? Supported in Firefox mobile unknown? Supported in Android browser unknown? Supported in Opera mobile unknown? Supported in Chrome for Android unknown?
None
Rounded CornersCSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level 3CSSLastCallMostly finishedLast updated March 2014
Editing activity for Last updated March 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 6 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 5 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 4 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 3 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for css-borderSupported in Safari on iOS from version 6.06.0+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1111+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.orgGood coverage
Complex background imagesCSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level 3LastCallMostly finishedLast updated March 2014
Editing activity for Last updated March 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 6 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 5 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 4 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 3 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for css-borderSupported in Safari on iOS from version 6.06.0+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1111+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.orgGood coverage
Box shadow effectsCSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level 3LastCallMostly finishedLast updated March 2014
Editing activity for Last updated March 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 6 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 5 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 4 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 3 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for css-borderSupported in Safari on iOS from version 6.06.0+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1111+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.orgGood coverage
2D EffectsCSS Transforms Module Level 1SVG and
CSS
WDMostly stableLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 10 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 2 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 1 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 2 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 1 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 3 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 1 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for css-2dSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 2.12.1+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1111+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.orgGood coverage
3D EffectsCSS Transforms Module Level 1WDStabilizingLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 10 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 2 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 1 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 2 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 1 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 3 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 1 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for css-3dSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 33+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.orgGood coverage
AnimationsCSS AnimationsCSSWDEarly draftLast updated April 2014
Editing activity for Last updated April 2014 September 2013S 3 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 8 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 1 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for css-animationSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 44+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 12.112.1+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
CSS TransitionsWDEarly draftLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 11 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 1 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 10 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 7 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 1 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for css-transitionsSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 2.12.1+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1010+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
Web Animations 1.0SVG and
CSS
WDEarly draftLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 1 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 4 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 31 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 18 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 14 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 32 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 19 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 11 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 4 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 19 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited
Support for webanimationsNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
None
Timing control for script-based animationsWeb PerformanceCRStableLast updated October 2013
Editing activity for Last updated October 2013 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 5 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for animation-timingSupported in Safari on iOS from version 6.06.0+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
Well started
CSS Will Change Module Level 1CSSWDEarly draftLast updated June 2014
Editing activity for Last updated June 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 3 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 3 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 2 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
A few experimental ones
Support for css-will-changeNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
N/A
Complex layoutsCSS Flexible Box Layout Module Level 1LastCallMostly finishedLast updated February 2014
Editing activity for Last updated February 2014 September 2013S 5 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 7 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 1 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 6 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 11 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for flexboxSupported in Safari on iOS from version 7.07.0+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1111+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 12.112.1+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
Well started
Downloadable fontsWOFF File Format 1.0WebFontsRECFinishedFinishedGood deployment
Support for woffSupported in Safari on iOS from version 5.05.0+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1111+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.orgGood coverage
WOFF File Format 2.0WDEarly draftLast updated June 2014
Editing activity for Last updated June 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 1 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 4 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 9 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 3 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for woff2Not supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
N/A
CSS Font Loading Module Level 3CSSLastCallStabilizingLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 8 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 16 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 1 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 13 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 25 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 8 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 3 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited
Support for css-font-loadingNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3535+
N/A
Fullscreen displayFullscreenCSS and
Web Applications
WDEarly draftLast updated October 2012
Editing activity for Last updated October 2012 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited
Support for fullscreenNot supported in Safari on iOSX Partial support in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1111+ Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Not supported in Android browserX Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.orgNone
Orientation LockThe Screen Orientation APIWeb ApplicationsWDEarly draftLast updated April 2014
Editing activity for Last updated April 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 1 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 15 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 4 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 10 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for screenlockSupported in Safari on iOS unknown? Supported in Blackberry browser unknown? Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1111+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 1414+ Supported in Android browser unknown? Supported in Opera mobile unknown? Supported in Chrome for Android unknown?
None

2. Multimedia

HTML5 añade dos etiquetas que mejoran drásticamente la integración de contenidos multimedia en la Web: las etiquetas de <video> y <audio>. Estas etiquetas permiten, respectivamente, la incorporación de contenidos de vídeo y audio, y permiten a los desarrolladores Web interactuar con mucha más libertad con ese contenido de lo que sería a través de plug-ins. Hacen de los contenidos multimedia ciudadanos de primera clase de la Web, de las misma forma que las imágenes lo han sido durante los últimos 20 años.

La reproducción de contenido puede ser aumentada y completada a través de Media Source Extensions que permite a los desarrolladores generar contenido multimedia en JavaScript.

Para atender a las necesidades de algunos proveedores de contenido, está bajo consideración por parte del Grupo de Trabajo HTML una propuesta para permitir la reproducción de contenido protegido, la API Encrypted Media Extensions.

La Network Service Discovery API abre la puerta para la integración de contenidos DLNA en aplicaciones Web, aunque el futuro de esa especificación es actualmente objeto de examen, debido a la actual falta de interés de implementadores.

Mientras que las nuevas etiquetas HTML5 permiten reproducir contenido multimedia, HTML Media Capture define un mecanismo basado en el marcado para acceder a contenido multimedia capturado usando la cámara y los micrófonos, una característica muy común en los dispositivos móviles. El Web Real-Time Communications Working Group y el Device APIs Working Group están construyendo juntos una API (getUserMedia) para manipular directamente los flujos de datos de la cámara y los micrófonos, así como una API para grabar esos flujos en ficheros, y otra API para utilizar el acceso a cámaras para tomar fotos de forma programada.

Más allá de la captura y grabación, dos APIs adicionales añaden capacidades multimedia de manipulación para la plataforma Web. Ya hemos mencionado la API Canvas 2D Context API: permite la modificación de las imágenes, que a su vez abre la posibilidad de edición de vídeo.

En una línea similar, el Audio Working Group está trabajando en una API que hace que sea posible modificar el contenido de audio, así como analizar, modificar y sintetizar sonidos, la Web Audio API.

La combinación de todas estas características marca el punto de inicio de la Web como una plataforma completa para multimedia, tanto para los consumidores como para los productores. El creciente interés en torno a la unión de los mundos de la Web y la TV (que se manifiesta a través del W3C Web and TV Interest Group) debería reforzar esta tendencia en los próximos meses. Se espera que los dispositivos móviles asuman un papel cada vez mayor en la experiencia de muchas personas usuarias con la TV, proporcionando una experiencia de "segunda pantalla", donde los usuarios pueden encontrar más información o interactuar con un programa de televisión que están viendo a través de sus dispositivos móviles.

Funcionalidad Especificación Grupo de trabajo Madurez Estabilidad Último borrador Implementaciones actuales Documentación desarrolladores Test suite
Video playbackvideo element in HTML5HTMLCRStableLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 85 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 12 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 7 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 17 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 3 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 23 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 7 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Good deployment
Support for videoSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 2.32.3+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1111+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
Audio playbackaudio element in HTML5CRStableLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 85 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 12 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 7 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 17 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 3 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 23 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 7 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Good deployment
Support for audioSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 2.32.3+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1111+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
Generation of media contentMedia Source ExtensionsCRStableLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 1 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 5 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 3 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 6 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 1 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 3 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 2 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 9 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 4 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 1 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited
Support for mseSupported in Safari on iOS unknown? Supported in Blackberry browser unknown? Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1111+ Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 2525+ Supported in Android browser unknown? Supported in Opera mobile unknown? Supported in Chrome for Android from version 2323+
WebPlatform.orgNone
Protected content playbackEncrypted Media ExtensionsWDEarly draftLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 8 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 17 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 16 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 7 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 20 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 7 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 13 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 23 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 20 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 12 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 13 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 12 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited
Support for emeNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1111+ Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3232+
None
Multimedia Gallery accessNetwork Service DiscoveryDevice APIsWDEarly draft, unsure futureLast updated February 2014
Editing activity for Last updated February 2014 September 2013S 1 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 3 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 1 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for discoveryNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
None
Capturing audio/videoHTML Media CaptureLastCallStableLast updated June 2014
Editing activity for Last updated June 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 1 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 1 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 4 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Growing deployment
Support for inputacceptSupported in Safari on iOS from version 6.06.0+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 99+ Partial support in Android browser from version 3.03.0+ Not supported in Opera mobileX Supported in Chrome for Android from version 1818+
Media Capture and StreamsDevice APIs and
Web Real-Time Communications
WDStabilizingLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 14 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 19 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 4 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 9 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 32 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 33 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 6 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 23 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 19 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 38 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 15 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for getusermediaNot supported in Safari on iOSX Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Not supported in Android browserX Supported in Opera mobile from version 1212+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
MediaStream RecordingWDEarly draftLast updated November 2013
Editing activity for Last updated November 2013 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 1 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for recordingNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
None
Mediastream Image CaptureWDEarly draftLast updated July 2013
Editing activity for Last updated July 2013 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for imagecaptureNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
None
Image & Video analysis, modificationHTML Canvas 2D ContextHTMLLastCallStableLast updated June 2014
Editing activity for Last updated June 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 1 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 2 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 15 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 7 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 7 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 5 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 1 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Widely deployed
Support for canvasSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 33+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1010+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
Audio analysis, modificationWeb Audio APIAudioWDStarting to stabilizeLast updated June 2014
Editing activity for Last updated June 2014 September 2013S 7 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 30 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 1 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 1 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 21 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 5 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 5 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 5 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 2 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Growing
Support for webaudioSupported in Safari on iOS from version 6.06.0+ Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Not supported in Android browserX Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org

3. Adaptación al dispositivo

Los dispositivos móviles no sólo son muy diferentes de los ordenadores tradicionales, sino que también tienen una gran cantidad de variaciones entre ellos, en términos de tamaño de la pantalla, resolución, tipo de teclado, capacidades de grabación, etc.

La Device Description Repository API es una API de servidor unificada que permite a los desarrolladores Web recuperar los datos en los dispositivos que tienen acceso a sus páginas en una variedad de base de datos de información del dispositivo.

La Media Capture Streams API expone alguna información concreta sobre las capacidades de la cámara y los micrófonos para que sea posible tomar ventaja de la gran variedad de los medios de captura de los dispositivos que contienen los teléfonos móviles.

CSS Media Queries ofrecen un mecanismo que permite la adaptación del diseño y el comportamiento de una página Web basado en algunas de las características del dispositivo, incluyendo la resolución de la pantalla - a las que Media Queries Level 4 propone añadir la disponibilidad y el tipo de puntero de señalización del dispositivo, la capacidad de flotar (hover) sobre los elementos, y la luminosidad ambiente.

CSS Device Adaptation define un conjunto de directivas de CSS para definir el tamaño en el que debe basarse este diseño, en relación al tamaño del dispositivo subyacente - especificando lo que se ha implementado utilizando elemento <meta name="viewport">.

Las unidades CSS relativas del viewport vw y vh permiten diseñar disposiciones que se adaptan a la dimensión del viewport, mientras que el ajuste por CSS del texto en móviles permite al texto adaptarse a las partes de la página redimensionadas mediante zoom.

El Responsive Images Community Group (RICG) está trabajando actualmente en una extensión de HTML, conocida como el elemento picture, que permite a los autores definir qué imagen cargar en función de las capacidades del dispositivo y/o otras características de media. El RICG publica un documento de casos y requisitos de uso que describe completamente el problema.

Como enfoque complementario, el atributo srcset, especificado por el WHATWG y también publicado como una extensión de HTML, permite a los desarrolladores Web definir las diferentes proporciones de píxeles de una imagen por dispositivo, dejando que el navegador elija la mejor opción para la densidad de píxeles de la pantalla. A partir de enero de 2014, existe un acuerdo general entre los fabricantes de navegadores para implementar ambos, picture y srcset.

SVG, que permite definir las imágenes que se pueden escalar ampliando y disminuyendo sin ninguna pérdida de calidad, es otra herramienta fundamental para el desarrollo de aplicaciones Web que se adapten a la resolución del dispositivo subyacente.

Funcionalidad Especificación Grupo de trabajo Madurez Estabilidad Último borrador Implementaciones actuales Documentación desarrolladores Test suite
Device informationDevice Description Repository Simple APIDevice DescriptionRECfinishedN/ALimited
Good Coverage
Media Capture CapabilitiesMedia Capture and StreamsDevice APIs and
Web Real-Time Communications
WDEarly draftLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 14 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 19 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 4 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 9 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 32 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 33 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 6 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 23 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 19 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 38 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 15 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for getusermedia-capNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
None
CSS-based adaptationMedia QueriesCSSRECFinishedFinishedWidely deployed
Support for mediaqueriesSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 2.12.1+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1010+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.orgGood coverage
Media Queries Level 4WDEarly draftLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 5 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 2 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 6 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 5 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 1 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 3 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for mediaqueries4Supported in Safari on iOS unknown? Supported in Blackberry browser unknown? Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown? Supported in Firefox mobile unknown? Supported in Android browser unknown? Supported in Opera mobile unknown? Supported in Chrome for Android unknown?
None
CSS Device AdaptationWDEarly draftLast updated October 2013
Editing activity for Last updated October 2013 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 5 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for css-device-adaptNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Supported in Opera mobile from version 11.111.1+ Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
WebPlatform.orgN/A
viewport relative units in CSS Values and Units Module Level 3CRMostly finishedLast updated March 2013
Editing activity for Last updated March 2013 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for viewport-unitsPartial support in Safari on iOS from version 6.06.0+ Partial support in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
CSS Mobile Text Size Adjustment Module Level 1edEarly draftLast updated April 2013
Editing activity for Last updated April 2013 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for css-size-adjustSupported in Safari on iOS from version 5.05.0+ Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
N/A
Responsive imagespicture element in HTML 5.1HTMLWDstabilizingLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 137 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 112 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 32 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 51 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 81 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 116 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 8 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 3 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited
Support for pictureNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3333+ Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3838+
N/A
srcset attribute in HTML 5.1WDStabilizingLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 137 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 112 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 32 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 51 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 81 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 116 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 8 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 3 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for srcsetSupported in Safari on iOS from version 88+ Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
None
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 SpecificationSVGRECFinishedNew version of SVG (SVG 2.0) in preparationWidely deployed
Support for svg12Supported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1010+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.orgHigh coverage

4. Formularios

La capacidad de construir formularios enriquecidos con HTML es la base para la entrada de la persona usuaria en la mayoría de las aplicaciones basadas en Web. Debido a sus teclados limitados, la entrada de texto en los dispositivos móviles sigue siendo una tarea difícil para la mayoría de las personas; HTML5 trata parte de este problema al ofrecer nuevos tipos de controles de formulario que optimizan la forma en que las personas pueden introducir datos:

Funcionalidad Especificación Grupo de trabajo Madurez Estabilidad Último borrador Implementaciones actuales Documentación desarrolladores Test suite
Date and time entriesData and Time input element in HTML5HTMLCRMostly stableLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 85 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 12 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 7 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 17 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 3 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 23 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 7 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Growing
Support for inputdateSupported in Safari on iOS from version 88+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1010+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
Customized text entries (tel, email, url)telephone, email and URL input element in HTML5CRStableLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 85 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 12 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 7 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 17 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 3 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 23 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 7 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for inputtextPartial support in Safari on iOS from version 55+ Partial support in Blackberry browser from version 4.7.14.7.1+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 44+ Partial support in Android browser from version 33+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1111+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 1818+
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
Input modalityinputmode attribute in HTML 5.1WDEarly draftLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 137 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 112 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 32 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 51 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 81 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 116 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 8 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 3 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for inputmodeSupported in Safari on iOS unknown? Supported in Blackberry browser unknown? Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown? Supported in Firefox mobile unknown? Supported in Android browser unknown? Supported in Opera mobile unknown? Supported in Chrome for Android unknown?
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
Input patternpattern attribute in HTML5CRStableLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 85 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 12 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 7 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 17 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 3 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 23 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 7 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for inputpatternNot supported in Safari on iOSX Supported in Blackberry browser from version 4.7.14.7.1+ Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 44+ Not supported in Android browserX Supported in Opera mobile from version 1111+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 1818+
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
Input hintplaceholder attribute in HTML5CRStableLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 85 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 12 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 7 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 17 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 3 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 23 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 7 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for inputhintSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 2.12.1+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1111+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
Autocomplete for text entriesdatalist element in HTML5CRStableLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 85 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 12 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 7 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 17 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 3 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 23 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 7 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Growing
Support for datalistNot supported in Safari on iOSX Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.4.34.4.3+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1010+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
autocomplete attribute in HTML 5.1WDEarly draftLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 137 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 112 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 32 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 51 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 81 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 116 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 8 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 3 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for autocompleteSupported in Safari on iOS unknown? Supported in Blackberry browser unknown? Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown? Supported in Firefox mobile unknown? Supported in Android browser unknown? Supported in Opera mobile unknown? Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3131+
None

5. Interacción con la persona usuaria

Una parte creciente de los dispositivos móviles se basa en las interacciones táctiles. Mientras que las interacciones tradicionales reconocidas en la plataforma Web (teclado, ratón) todavía se pueden aplicar en este contexto, un manejo más específico de entrada basada táctil es un aspecto crítico de la creación de experiencias de usuario bien adaptadas que permite y recoge Touch Events in the DOM (Document Object Model). El trabajo en esta especificación está casi terminado.

Mientras tanto, el Pointer Events Working Group ha realizado un buen progreso en un enfoque alternativo para manejar las entradas del usuario, Pointer Events, que permite manejar eventos de ratón, táctiles y de puntero bajo un único modelo. Se espera que este nuevo enfoque sustituya al actual que está ampliamente desplegado.

A medida que más y más contenido se representa como largas listas desplazables, más lógica se une a los eventos de desplazamiento, y la calidad de la experiencia de la persona usuaria en estas acciones depende de su forma de actuar. El CSSOM View Module determina cuándo los eventos de desplazamiento son lanzados, y deja que los desarrolladores especifiquen el tipo de comportamiento de desplazamiento que quieren.

El trabajo propuesto en CSS Scroll Snap Points añade una mayor capacidad para controlar el comportamiento panorámico y el scrolling mediante la definición de puntos a los que la vista de una aplicación se fijaría cuando el usuario se mueve a través de la página.

La propiedad CSS will-change también está disponible para indicar a los navegadores que una parte determinada de la página tendrá pronto scroll y debe ser pre-renderizada.

Muchos dispositivos móviles utilizan teclados en pantalla para permitir que los usuarios escriban; la Input Method Editor (IME) API permite coordinar las interacciones entre ese teclado en pantalla y las aplicaciones Web.

A la inversa, muchos dispositivos móviles utilizan la retroalimentación háptica (como la vibración) para crear nuevas formas de interacción (por ejemplo, en los juegos); el trabajo en la vibration API en el Device APIs Working Group está realizando buenos progresos.

Pero a medida que la Web llega a nuevos dispositivos, y como los dispositivos obtienen nuevos mecanismos de interacción con las personas, también es importante permitir a los desarrolladores Web reaccionar a un conjunto más abstracto de interacciones: en lugar de tener que trabajar en términos de "haga clic en", "presione la tecla", o "un evento de toque", ser capaz de reaccionar a un comando "deshacer", o un "página siguiente" independientemente de lo que la persona ha indicado al dispositivo será beneficioso para el desarrollo de aplicaciones Web independientes del dispositivo. La especificación IndieUI Events, desarrollado por el Indie UI Working Group, tiene como objetivo abordar esta necesidad.

Los dispositivos móviles acompañan a las personas que los usan a todas partes, y muchas personas dependen de ellos para recordarles o informarles de eventos, como los mensajes: la especificación Web Notifications habilita esa característica para el entorno Web, mientras que la Push API hace posible alertar a la persona con notificaciones desde el servidor, incluso si el navegador no está en ejecución.

Los dispositivos móviles, en particular los teléfonos móviles, son también en muchos casos muy adecuados para ser utilizados a través de interacciones de voz; la Speech API Community Group está explorando la posibilidad de iniciar los trabajos de normalización en torno a una API JavaScript que haría posible que los usuarios puedan interactuar con una página Web a través de comandos de voz.

Si las personas dictan comandos o utilizan sus aplicaciones a través de interación no táctil, se arriesgan a que la pantalla del dispositivo se apague debido al salvapantallas. Una primera propuesta para una Wake Lock API permitiría a los desarrolladores señalizar la necesidad de mantener la pantalla encendida en dichas circunstancias.

Las limitaciones de hardware de los dispositivos móviles, y sus diferentes contextos de uso puede hacer que las personas usuarias de dispositivos móviles experimenten barreras similares a las personas con discapacidad. Estas similitudes en las barreras significan que se pueden utilizar soluciones similares para responder a las mismas, siendo un objetivo natural hacer un sitio Web accesible tanto para las personas con discapacidad como para los dispositivos móviles (como se detalla en Relationship between Mobile Web Best Practices and WCAG).

Cómo las Directrices de Accesibilidad de Contenido Web (WCAG) y las Directrices de Accesibilidad de Agente de Usuario (UAAG) brindan asesoramiento sobre accesibilidad móvil - es decir, hacer los sitios Web y las aplicaciones más accesibles para las personas con discapacidad cuando están utilizando teléfonos móviles y una amplia gama de otros dispositivos - se está discutiendo en Mobile Accessibility.

WAI-ARIA proporciona información semántica de los widgets, las estructuras y los hooks de comportamiento para hacer aplicaciones Web más accesible, entre ellas en los dispositivos móviles.

Funcionalidad Especificación Grupo de trabajo Madurez Estabilidad Último borrador Implementaciones actuales Documentación desarrolladores Test suite
Touch-based interactionsTouch EventsWeb EventsRECFinishedLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 3 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 7 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 2 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 5 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 3 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Largely deployed
Support for toucheventSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 2.12.1+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1111+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
Complete
Pointer EventsPointer EventsCRStableLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 3 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 1 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 3 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 8 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 15 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 9 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 2 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 9 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 3 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited deployment
Support for pointer-eventsNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1111+ Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
WebPlatform.org
Smooth scrollingCSSOM View ModuleCSSWDStill changingLast updated June 2014
Editing activity for Last updated June 2014 September 2013S 25 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 17 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 1 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 2 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 2 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 1 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 3 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for smooth-scrollNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
N/A
CSS Scroll Snap Points Module Level 1edEarly draftLast updated March 2014
Editing activity for Last updated March 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 4 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 4 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 5 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 3 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Experimental
Support for css-snappointsNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
None
CSS Will Change Module Level 1WDEarly draftLast updated June 2014
Editing activity for Last updated June 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 3 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 3 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 2 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
A few experimental ones
Support for css-will-changeNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
N/A
On-screen keyboard interactionsInput Method Editor APIWeb ApplicationsWDStill changingLast updated April 2014
Editing activity for Last updated April 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 1 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 2 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 4 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 2 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for imeNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1111+ Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
N/A
VibrationVibration APIDevice APIsLastCallMostly stableLast updated June 2014
Editing activity for Last updated June 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 2 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 2 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 2 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 1 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 2 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Growing
Support for vibrationNot supported in Safari on iOSX Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
Intent-based eventsIndieUI: Events 1.0Independent User Interface (Indie UI)WDEarly draftLast updated June 2014
Editing activity for Last updated June 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 3 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 1 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 1 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 5 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 2 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 10 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 1 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
None
NotificationWeb NotificationsWeb NotificationLastCallStabilizingLast updated August 2013
Editing activity for Last updated August 2013 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Growing deployment
Support for notificationNot supported in Safari on iOSX Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Partial support in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Partial support in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
Push APIWeb ApplicationsWDEarly draft, now with Service WorkersLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 1 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 1 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 3 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for pushNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
N/A
Speech-based interactionsWeb Speech APISpeech API Community GroupN/AN/ALast updated January 2013
Editing activity for Last updated January 2013 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for speechinputPartial support in Safari on iOS from version 7.07.0+ Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Partial support in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
N/A
Screen wakeWake Lock APIDevice APIsN/AUnofficial draftLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 33 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for wake-lockNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
N/A
AccessibilityRelationship between Mobile Web Best Practices (MWBP) and Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)Education and Outreach and
Mobile Web Best Practices
NOTEFinishedN/AN/A
N/A
Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.0Protocols and FormatsRECStableundefined
Well deployed
Support for ariaPartial support in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Not supported in Blackberry browserX Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Partial support in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Partial support in Opera mobile from version 1010+ Partial support in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
Well started

6. Almacenamiento de datos

Un componente crítico de muchas aplicaciones es la capacidad de guardar el estado, exportar contenido, así como de integrar datos de otros archivos y servicios en el sistema.

Para el almacenamiento de datos simple, la especificación Web Storage ofrece dos mecanismos básicos, localStorage y sessionStorage, que puede preservar los datos respectivamente de forma indefinida, o bien según la sesión de navegador.

Para interacciones más ricas, la plataforma Web proporciona la File Reader API que hace que sea posible cargar el contenido de un archivo.

Anteriormente, el Web Applications Working Group había considerado de forma complementaria las APIs File Writer y FileSystems, pero estas aproximaciones han sido abandonadas. Se han iniciado conversaciones sobre una nueva propuesta de API para una sandboxed filesystem API.

Mientras tanto, el atributo HTML5 download ofrece un simple mecanismo para desencadenar una descarga de archivos (en lugar de una página de navegación), con la posibilidad de crear un nombre de archivo fácil de usar.

Sobre este acceso basado en ficheros, la Indexed Database API (IndexedDB) define una base de datos de valores y objetos jerárquicos que se integra de forma natural con JavaScript y puede ser consultada y actualizada de manera muy eficiente - se está trabajando en una nueva versión de la especificación. Destacar que el trabajo hecho alrededor de una base de datos del laddo del cliente basada en SQL, comenzado en 2009, ha sido abandonado en favor de este nuevo sistema.

Con la necesidad de almacenar cada vez más datos por el navegador (por ejemplo, para uso sin conexión), se convierte en fundamental para los desarrolladores conseguir espacio de almacenamiento, que la Quota Management API ofrecerá a las aplicaciones Web.

Del mismo modo, ya que algunos de estos datos deben ser cifrados, la Web Cryptography API del Web Cryptography Working Group expone fuertes primitivas de cifrado para aplicaciones Web, y se puede enlazar a claves preprovisionadas a través de la API WebCrypto Key Discovery.

Funcionalidad Especificación Grupo de trabajo Madurez Estabilidad Último borrador Implementaciones actuales Documentación desarrolladores Test suite
Simple data storageWeb StorageWeb ApplicationsRECFinishedLast updated May 2014
Editing activity for Last updated May 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 2 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 3 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 1 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 1 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for webstorageSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 2.12.1+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1111+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
File operationsFile APILastCallStabilizingLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 11 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 6 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 9 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 2 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 1 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 5 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 5 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 9 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 11 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 3 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Getting well deployed
Support for filereaderSupported in Safari on iOS from version 6.06.0+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 33+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 11.111.1+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+

W3DevCampus
File API: WriterRetiredAbandonedLast updated January 2013
Editing activity for Last updated January 2013 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited
Support for filewriteNot supported in Safari on iOSX Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
None
File API: Directories and SystemRetiredAbandonedLast updated January 2013
Editing activity for Last updated January 2013 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited
Support for filesystemNot supported in Safari on iOSX Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
None
FileSystem APIN/AEarly proposalLast updated March 2014
Editing activity for Last updated March 2014 September 2013S 2 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 1 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
N/A
None
download attribute in HTML5HTMLCRStableLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 85 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 12 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 7 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 17 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 3 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 23 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 7 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited, but growing
Support for html5-downloadNot supported in Safari on iOSX Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
Database query/updateIndexed Database APIWeb ApplicationsCRStableLast updated March 2014
Editing activity for Last updated March 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 2 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 2 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 5 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Growing
Support for indexeddbSupported in Safari on iOS from version 88+ Partial support in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
Web SQL DatabaseRetiredAbandonedN/ASomewhat deployed, but won’t be further deployed
Support for websqlSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Supported in Android browser from version 2.12.1+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1111+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
N/A
Quota for storageQuota Management APIWDEarly workLast updated February 2014
Editing activity for Last updated February 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 3 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 6 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 1 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for quotaNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Supported in Chrome for Android from version 1818+
None
Encrypted storageWeb Cryptography APIWeb CryptographyLastCallStabilizingLast updated June 2014
Editing activity for Last updated June 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 5 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 9 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 51 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 27 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 32 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for cryptoNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1111+ Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 1919+ Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3737+
WebCrypto Key DiscoveryWDEarly workLast updated May 2014
Editing activity for Last updated May 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 2 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for cryptokeyNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
None

7. Gestión de Información Personal

Las aplicaciones pueden beneficiarse de la integración con los registros de datos existentes de sus usuarios; en los dispositivos móviles, la libreta de direcciones y el calendario son fuente muy útil de información.

Para aplicaciones Web fuera del navegador, un enfoque puramente programático es parte del System Applications Working Group, con el trabajo en curso de la Contacts Manager API.

En el navegador, HTML 5.1 proporciona autocompletado de campos relativos a información de contactos que permitiría a los navegadores reutilizar información de la libreta de contactos del dispositivo.

Funcionalidad Especificación Grupo de trabajo Madurez Estabilidad Último borrador Implementaciones actuales Documentación desarrolladores Test suite
Addressbook dataContacts Manager APISystem ApplicationsWDEarly draftLast updated April 2014
Editing activity for Last updated April 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 1 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 2 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for contacts-sysSupported in Safari on iOS unknown? Supported in Blackberry browser unknown? Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown? Supported in Firefox mobile unknown? Supported in Android browser unknown? Supported in Opera mobile unknown? Supported in Chrome for Android unknown?
None
autocomplete attribute in HTML 5.1HTMLWDEarly draftLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 137 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 112 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 32 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 51 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 81 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 116 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 8 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 3 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for autocompleteSupported in Safari on iOS unknown? Supported in Blackberry browser unknown? Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown? Supported in Firefox mobile unknown? Supported in Android browser unknown? Supported in Opera mobile unknown? Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3131+
None

8. Integración con sensores y hardware

Los dispositivos móviles están llenos de sensores, por lo que son un gran puente entre los mundos reales y virtuales: GPS, acelerómetro, detector de luz ambiental, micrófono, cámara, termómetro, etc.

Para sacar el máximo provecho de estos sensores en aplicaciones Web móviles, los desarrolladores Web deben estar provistos de hooks para interactuar con ellos.

La Geolocation API proporciona una interfaz común para localizar el dispositivo, independientemente de la tecnología subyacente (GPS, identificación de redes WiFi, triangulación en las redes celulares, etc.). Se está trabajando en nueva propuesta para una versión de la API que incluye geofencing.

Las aplicaciones Web ahora también pueden acceder a los datos de orientación y aceleración a través de la especificación DeviceOrientation Event Specification.

Una serie de APIs para otros sensores están en desarrollo: la Battery Status API, la Proximity Events API, la Ambient Light Events API o la propuesta Ambient Humidity Events API.

Como ya se mencionó en el apartado de multimedia, hay un trabajo en curso sobre las APIs para abrir el acceso a los de datos de cámaras y micrófonos.

La oportunidad para las aplicaciones Web para utilizar mecanismos Near-Field Communications (NFC) han llevado al NFC Working Group a desarrollar la Web NFC API.

Un acceso más global de sensores y hardware (incluyendo USB y bluetooth) está en el ámbito de System Applications Working Group. Recientemente un Web Bluetooth Community Group ha comenzado a desarrollar una Bluetooth Low Engergy API para navegadores.

Funcionalidad Especificación Grupo de trabajo Madurez Estabilidad Último borrador Implementaciones actuales Documentación desarrolladores Test suite
GeolocationGeolocation API SpecificationGeolocationRECFinishedLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 1 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 3 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 5 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Widely deployed
Support for geolocationSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 2.12.1+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1111+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
Good coverage
Motion sensorsDeviceOrientation Event SpecificationLastCallStabilizing, but with planned updatesLast updated April 2014
Editing activity for Last updated April 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 3 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 16 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 1 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for accelerometerPartial support in Safari on iOS from version 4.24.2+ Partial support in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1111+ Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Partial support in Android browser from version 33+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1212+ Partial support in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
Started
Battery StatusBattery Status APIDevice APIsCRStableLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 1 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 1 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 10 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 4 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 3 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for batteryNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
Proximity sensorsProximity EventsCRStableLast updated April 2014
Editing activity for Last updated April 2014 September 2013S 4 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 1 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for proximityNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
Ambient Light sensorAmbient Light EventsLastCallStableLast updated June 2014
Editing activity for Last updated June 2014 September 2013S 4 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 1 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 7 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for ambientlightNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
Humidity sensorAmbient Humidity EventsN/AUnofficial draftLast updated October 2013
Editing activity for Last updated October 2013 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 2 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for humidityNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
N/A
Camera & Microphone streamsMedia Capture and StreamsDevice APIs and
Web Real-Time Communications
WDStabilizingLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 14 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 19 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 4 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 9 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 32 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 33 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 6 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 23 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 19 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 38 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 15 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for getusermediaNot supported in Safari on iOSX Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Not supported in Android browserX Supported in Opera mobile from version 1212+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
NFCWeb NFC APINear Field CommunicationsWDVery early draftLast updated April 2014
Editing activity for Last updated April 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 1 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 4 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for nfcNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
None

9. Red

La conectividad de red representa un activo importante para los dispositivos móviles: la Web es una inmensa tienda de contenidos, así como una fuente casi inagotable de poder de procesamiento, superando dos de las limitaciones de los dispositivos móviles.

La plataforma Web está creando una serie de APIs que facilitan el establecimiento de la conectividad de red en diferentes contextos.

XMLHttpRequest (la base del desarrollo Ajax) es una API ampliamente desplegada para cargar contenido desde servidores Web utilizando el protocolo HTTP y HTTPS: la especificación W3C (anteriormente conocido como XMLHttpRequest Level 2) completa la vigente API con la capacidad de hacer peticiones a servidores en un dominio diferente, la retroalimentación programática sobre la marcha de las operaciones de red, y un manejo más eficiente de contenido binario.

La API Beacon iniciado recientemente permitirá a los desarrolladores encolar las peticiones HTTP sin supervisión, dejando que el navegador las ejecute cuando lo considere necesario, abriendo la puerta para una mejor optimización de la red.

El trabajo iniciado en Web Background Synchronization API proporcionaría un mecanismo robusto basado en Web Worker que permita a las aplicaciones Web descargar y subir contenido en segundo plano, incluso si el navegador no está en ejecución.

Por defecto, los navegadores no permiten hacer solicitudes a través de diferentes dominios (o más específicamente, a través de diferentes orígenes, una combinación del protocolo, el dominio y el puerto) desde una única página Web; esta regla protege al usuario de sufrir un abuso de sus credenciales y el robo de sus datos en otro sitio Web. Los sitios pueden optar por no usar esa regla, haciendo uso del mecanismo de Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, abriendo una cooperación mucho más amplia entre aplicaciones y servicios Web.

XMLHttpRequest es útil para las solicitudes de red iniciadas por el cliente, pero los dispositivos móviles con sus capacidades de red limitadas y el coste que las solicitudes de red inducen en su batería (y algunas veces en su factura de usuarios), a menudo puede hacer un mejor uso de las solicitudes iniciadas por el servidor. La API Server-Sent Events permite desencadenar eventos DOM basados en notificaciones push (a través de HTTP y otros protocolos).

Los primeros trabajos sobre una Push API permitiría a las aplicaciones Web recibir mensajes enviados por el servidor tanto si la aplicación está activa en una ventana del navegador como si no. Para estandarizar los aspectos del protocolo del mecanismo, se está discutiendo un manifiesto por un IETF Working Group.

La API WebSocket, construida sobre el protocolo IETF WebSocket, ofrece una conectividad de red bidirectional, más flexible, y menos intesiva en recursos que XMLHttpRequest.

El trabajo en Web Real-Time Communications también ofrecerá conexiones directas de datos fuente a fuente entre navegadores con características de tiempo real, abriendo el camino para la colaboración multi-dispositivos de las aplicaciones Web.

Por supuesto, una parte importante de la utilización de la conectividad de red se basa en ser capaz de determinar si existe dicha conectividad, y el tipo de red disponible. La flag DOM HTML5 onLine (y su evento de cambio asociado, ononline) señala cuando la conectividad de red está disponible para el entorno Web.

La network-information API, que se suponía iba a abordar el descubrimiento de las características de la red, ha sido abandonada por el momento debido a la falta de casos de uso.

La API Resource Timing ofrece medir con precisión el impacto de la red en el tiempo necesario para cargar diversos recursos, ofreciendo otro enfoque para adaptar una aplicación Web a su entorno de red.

Funcionalidad Especificación Grupo de trabajo Madurez Estabilidad Último borrador Implementaciones actuales Documentación desarrolladores Test suite
HTTP(s) network APIXMLHttpRequest Level 1Web ApplicationsWDstabilizingLast updated May 2014
Editing activity for Last updated May 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 7 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 8 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 1 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 1 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 2 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Very broad for basic features, growing for most recent ones
Support for xhr2Supported in Safari on iOS from version 5.05.0+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 33+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1212+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
BeaconWeb PerformanceLastCallEarly draftLast updated February 2014
Editing activity for Last updated February 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 6 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 3 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 11 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 1 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 4 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for beaconNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
N/A
Web Background SynchronizationWeb ApplicationsN/AEarly draftLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 16 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 10 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 1 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for background-syncNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
None
Cross-domain requestsCross-Origin Resource SharingWeb Applications and
Web Application Security
RECStableLast updated June 2012
Editing activity for Last updated June 2012 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Getting well-deployed
Support for corsSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 2.12.1+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1212+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
Server-pushed requestsServer-Sent EventsWeb ApplicationsCRStableLast updated May 2014
Editing activity for Last updated May 2014 September 2013S 1 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 2 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 2 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 2 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 1 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 1 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 1 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Getting well-deployed
Support for eventsourceSupported in Safari on iOS from version 4.04.0+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 11.111.1+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
Push APIWDEarly draft, now with Service WorkersLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 1 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 1 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 3 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for pushNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
N/A
Bidirectional connectionsThe WebSocket APICRStableLast updated June 2014
Editing activity for Last updated June 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 2 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 3 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 3 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 4 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 1 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 1 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 1 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Good deployment
Support for websocketsSupported in Safari on iOS from version 6.06.0+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 12.112.1+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
P2P data connectionsWebRTC 1.0: Real-time Communication Between BrowsersWeb Real-Time CommunicationsWDEarly draftLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 2 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 22 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 1 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 30 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 12 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 2 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 7 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 4 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 21 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 4 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for p2pNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Not supported in Android browserX Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.orgNone
on-line stateonLine state in HTML5HTMLCRMostly stableLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 85 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 12 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 7 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 17 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 3 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 23 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 7 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited
Support for onlineNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 88+ Not supported in Firefox mobileX Supported in Android browser from version 2.22.2+ Not supported in Opera mobileX Supported in Chrome for Android from version 1818+
Network characteristicsThe Network Information APIDevice APIsRetiredAbandonedLast updated April 2014
Editing activity for Last updated April 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 5 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 1 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for networkapiNot supported in Safari on iOSX Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 1010+ Partial support in Android browser from version 2.22.2+ Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
None
Resource TimingWeb PerformanceCRStableLast updated March 2014
Editing activity for Last updated March 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 1 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 1 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 3 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Growing
Support for res-timingNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Not supported in Firefox mobileX Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
Early start

10. Comunicación y Descubrimiento

Más allá de la conexión a los servicios en línea, permitir la comunicación entre usuarios y también entre dispositivos y entre aplicaciones es un aspecto importante de una buena plataforma de desarrollo móvil. Para comunicarse con dispositivos desconocidos o servicios ya existentes, un componente de descubrimiento es fundamental.

Para las aplicaciones Web no en un navegador, el System Applications Working Group está trabajando en una completa Messaging API.

La API postMessage del HTML5 Web Messaging permite a las aplicaciones Web comunicarse entre sí.

La API Network Service Discovery ofrece descubrir servicios en la red local (como los que se ofrecen a través de DLNA), permitiendo a las aplicaciones Web móviles integrarse perfectamente con estos servicios.

El Web Real-Time Communications Working Group es el encargado de un diverso y amplio conjunto de oportunidades de comunicación:

Funcionalidad Especificación Grupo de trabajo Madurez Estabilidad Último borrador Implementaciones actuales Documentación desarrolladores Test suite
Emails, SMS and MMSMessaging APISystem ApplicationsWDFirst draftLast updated November 2013
Editing activity for Last updated November 2013 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 12 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 3 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for messaging-sysSupported in Safari on iOS unknown? Supported in Blackberry browser unknown? Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown? Supported in Firefox mobile unknown? Supported in Android browser unknown? Supported in Opera mobile unknown? Supported in Chrome for Android unknown?
None
Inter-app communicationsHTML5 Web MessagingWeb ApplicationsCRStableLast updated May 2014
Editing activity for Last updated May 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 3 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 4 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 3 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 5 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 1 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 1 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 2 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 1 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for postmessageSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1111+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 2.12.1+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1010+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
Network services discoveryNetwork Service DiscoveryDevice APIsWDEarly draft, unsure futureLast updated February 2014
Editing activity for Last updated February 2014 September 2013S 1 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 3 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 1 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for discoveryNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
None
P2P connections and audio/video streamsWebRTC 1.0: Real-time Communication Between BrowsersWeb Real-Time CommunicationsWDEarly draftLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 2 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 22 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 1 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 30 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 12 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 2 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 7 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 4 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 21 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 4 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for p2pNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Not supported in Android browserX Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.orgNone

11. Packaging

Un aspecto importante de la experiencia del usuario de aplicaciones está ligada a cómo la persona percibe que dicha aplicación está disponible de forma permanente (incluso off-line, que es particularmente importante en dispositivos móviles), así como la forma en que puede ser compartida y distribuida, típicamente a través de compras vía tiendas de aplicaciones - esta se aborda adecuadamente mediante el empaquetado de la aplicación.

La plataforma Web ofrece dos enfoques complementarios para el empaquetado de aplicaciones Web:

Funcionalidad Especificación Grupo de trabajo Madurez Estabilidad Último borrador Implementaciones actuales Documentación desarrolladores Test suite
Offline Web appsApplicationCache in HTML5HTMLCRStable (but Service Workers will be the preferred approach when available)Last updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 85 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 12 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 7 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 17 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 3 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 23 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 7 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for manifestSupported in Safari on iOS from version 3.23.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 2.12.1+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1111+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
Service WorkersWeb ApplicationsWDEarly draftLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 1 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 1 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 20 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 30 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 18 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 50 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 37 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 57 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 53 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 9 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for serviceworkerNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
None
Packaged Web AppManifest for web apps and bookmarksWDEarly draftLast updated June 2014
Editing activity for Last updated June 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 88 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 5 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 30 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 31 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 19 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
N/A
Support for manifestjsonNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
N/A
Runtime and Security Model for Web ApplicationsSystem ApplicationsWDEarly draft, will likely be replaced by a different approachLast updated March 2014
Editing activity for Last updated March 2014 September 2013S 1 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 1 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
N/A
Support for runtimeSupported in Safari on iOS unknown? Supported in Blackberry browser unknown? Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown? Supported in Firefox mobile unknown? Supported in Android browser unknown? Supported in Opera mobile unknown? Supported in Chrome for Android unknown?
N/A
Application Lifecycle and EventsN/AEarly draftLast updated May 2014
Editing activity for Last updated May 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 3 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 2 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 1 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 1 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
N/A
N/A

12. Payment

Las tiendas de aplicaciones nativas en dispositivos móviles han facilitado la monetización de las aplicaciones a los desarrolladores, tanto a través de la venta de las propias aplicaciones como de la venta a través de las mismas (las in-app purchases).

Mientras que las aplicaciones Web pueden usar soluciones bien conocidas de pago on-line, se ha comprobado que estas soluciones son más difíciles de usar en dispositivos móviles.

En Marzo de 2014, W3C organizó un taller sobre pagos en la Web para identificar posibles vías en que los estándares pudieran ayudar a hacer la experiencia de pago más simple, especialmente en disositivos móviles. Se está elaborando un manifiesto para un W3C Interest Group que dirija el trabajo en éste ámbito.

Mientras tanto, HTML5.1 especifica ayuda para autocompletar los detalles de la tarjeta de crédito, haciendo más simple el pago mediante tarjeta de crédito una vez que los datos han sido ya introducidos una vez.

Funcionalidad Especificación Grupo de trabajo Madurez Estabilidad Último borrador Implementaciones actuales Documentación desarrolladores Test suite
Integrated paymentCredit card details autocomplete in HTML 5.1HTMLWDEarly draftLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 137 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 112 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 32 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 51 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 81 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 116 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 8 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 3 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for autocomplete-ccSupported in Safari on iOS unknown? Supported in Blackberry browser unknown? Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone unknown? Supported in Firefox mobile unknown? Supported in Android browser unknown? Supported in Opera mobile unknown? Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3131+
None

13. Rendimiento y Optimización

Debido a su CPU limitada, y más importante su batería limitada, los dispositivos móviles requieren una gran cantidad de atención en términos de rendimiento.

El trabajo iniciado por el Web Performance Working Group en Navigation Timing, Resource Timing, Performance Timeline y User Timing, da las herramientas a los desarrolladores Web para la optimización de sus aplicaciones Web.

Los primeros trabajos en una especificación de Resource Priorities, part del nuevo objetivo del Web Performance Working Group, dejará que los desarrolladores indiquen qué solicitudes de red deben ser priorizadas.

El trabajo propuesto sobre Efficient Script Yielding ofrece la oportunidad a los desarrolladores Web de utilizar la programación asíncrona más eficiente, pero ha ganado hasta el momento tracción muy limitada.

La API para determinar si se está visualizando una página Web (Page Visibility API) también se puede utilizar para adaptar el uso de los recursos a la necesidad de la aplicación Web, por ejemplo mediante la reducción de actividad de la red cuando se minimiza la página. Del mismo modo, la API para control del timing para animaciones basadas en scripts puede ayudar a reducir el uso de los recursos necesarios para la reproducción de animaciones.

Más allá de la optimización de los recursos, la reactividad percibida de una aplicación es también un aspecto crítico de la experiencia del usuario móvil. El mecanismo tipo hilos hecho posible por Web Workers permite mantener la interfaz de usuario en modo responsive al descargar las operaciones que mayor recursos consumen en un proceso en segundo plano.

La API de batería permite ajustar el uso de los recursos al nivel actual de energía disponible en la batería de un dispositivo móvil.

Las Mobile Web Application Best Practices proporcionan recomendaciones generales sobre cómo crear aplicaciones Web que funcionan bien en los dispositivos móviles, teniendo en cuenta en particular las necesidades de optimización. La oportunidad de actualizar estas mejores prácticas se está construyendo en el Web and Mobile Interest Group.

Funcionalidad Especificación Grupo de trabajo Madurez Estabilidad Último borrador Implementaciones actuales Documentación desarrolladores Test suite
Timing hooksNavigation TimingWeb PerformanceRECFinishedFinishedWell deployed
Support for nav-timingSupported in Safari on iOS from version 88+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 44+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
Resource TimingCRStableLast updated March 2014
Editing activity for Last updated March 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 1 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 1 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 3 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Growing
Support for res-timingNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Not supported in Firefox mobileX Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
Early start
Performance TimelineRECFinishedFinishedLimited
Support for perf-timelineSupported in Safari on iOS unknown? Supported in Blackberry browser unknown? Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1111+ Supported in Firefox mobile unknown? Supported in Android browser unknown? Supported in Opera mobile unknown? Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3030+
User TimingRECFinishedFinishedGrowing
Support for user-timingNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Not supported in Firefox mobileX Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
Network prioritizationResource PrioritiesWDEarly draftLast updated April 2014
Editing activity for Last updated April 2014 September 2013S 2 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 3 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 1 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 1 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 1 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Experimental
Support for lazyNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1111+ Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
None
Priority handlingEfficient Script YieldingedEarly draftLast updated April 2013
Editing activity for Last updated April 2013 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for setimmediateNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
None
Page Visibility detectionPage VisibilityRECFinishedFinishedWell deployed
Support for visibilitychangeSupported in Safari on iOS from version 7.07.0+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 12.112.1+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
Animation optimizationTiming control for script-based animationsCRStableLast updated October 2013
Editing activity for Last updated October 2013 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 5 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for animation-timingSupported in Safari on iOS from version 6.06.0+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
Well started
ThreadingWeb WorkersWeb ApplicationsCRStableLast updated May 2014
Editing activity for Last updated May 2014 September 2013S 2 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 3 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 3 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 4 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 5 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 3 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 2 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 2 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 2 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well deployed
Support for webworkersSupported in Safari on iOS from version 5.05.0+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 2.12.1+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 1111+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
W3DevCampus
Battery StatusBattery Status APIDevice APIsCRStableLast updated August 2014
Editing activity for Last updated August 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 1 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 1 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 10 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 4 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 3 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Very limited
Support for batteryNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
Optimization Best PracticesMobile Web Application Best PracticesMobile Web Best PracticesRECFinishedN/AN/A

W3DevCampus
N/A

14. Privacidad y Seguridad

Los dispositivos móviles siguen a sus usuarios por todo el mundo, y tienen en ellos algunos de los datos más privados y confidenciales (contactos, fotos, calendario, etc.). En consecuencia, es fundamental que los usuarios puedan confiar en sus teléfonos para mantener los datos a salvo de posibles ataques.

Las especificaciones del W3C son revisados por su impacto en la seguridad y la privacidad como parte de su progreso a través del track de Recommendation; el Privacy Interest Group y el Web Security Interest Group en particular, están coordinando revisiones en sus respectivos campos.

Pero más allá de estas consideraciones de tecnología, una serie de elementos de trabajo en curso necesitan protección adicional.

La primera línea de defensa para los usuarios y la unidad de aislamiento para las aplicaciones Web es la política del mismo origen, que limita a qué puede acceder una aplicación Web en cuanto a los contenidos y datos alojados en el mismo origen, es decir, la combinación del esquema de URL, nombre de dominio y el puerto.

Por razones de herencia, esta política no es tan estricta en algunas partes de la plataforma Web, exponiendo a los usuarios a una mayor posibilidad de ataque a través de secuencias de comandos en sitios cruzados o cross-site request forgery. Para habilitar que los autores de aplicaciones Web reduzcan la superficie de ataque más allá de lo que exige la recomendación, la Content Security Policy ofrece hooks que limita los daños que un atacante podría aspirar a lograr.

Para fortalecer aún más la integridad de sus aplicaciones, los desarrolladores Web pueden hacer uso del mecanismo Subresource integrity, que hace posible bloquear los ataques man-in-the-middle o comprometidos proveedores terceros.

En las aplicaciones que agregan el contenido de múltiples fuentes (posiblemente de no confianza), el sandbox HTML5 iframe permite restringir con qué tipo de interacciones con contenido intregrado de terceros se puede hacer uso.

Como se describió anteriormente, la Web Cryptography API proporciona las herramientas necesarias para cifrar los datos para el almacenamiento y la transmisión desde las aplicaciones Web, con claves de acceso aprovisionado previamente a través de la API WebCrypto Key Discovery.

Para los usuarios que deseen indicar en sus preferencias no ser rastreados a través de sitios y aplicaciones Web, la Tracking Preference Expression (también conocida como Do No Track) permite a los navegadores comunicar de manera explícita su deseo a los proveedores de contenido, y determinar si un proveedor de contenido dado cumple ese deseo.

Para facilitar la autenticación de las personas a los servicios on-line, se ha comenzado a trabajar en la identificación de las oportuniades para gestionar las credenciales y la autorización on-line.

Funcionalidad Especificación Grupo de trabajo Madurez Estabilidad Último borrador Implementaciones actuales Documentación desarrolladores Test suite
Strengthened securityContent Security Policy 1.0Web Application SecurityCRStableLast updated June 2013
Editing activity for Last updated June 2013 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Well-deployed
Support for cspSupported in Safari on iOS from version 6.06.0+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 4.44.4+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
WebPlatform.org
Subresource IntegrityWDJust startedLast updated May 2014
Editing activity for Last updated May 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 28 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 31 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 3 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 1 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for subres-integrityNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
None
Sandboxed iframe in HTML5HTMLCRStableLast updated July 2014
Editing activity for Last updated July 2014 September 2013S 103 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 51 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 98 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 79 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 85 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 12 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 7 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 17 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 3 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 23 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 7 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Widely deployed
Support for iframe-sandboxSupported in Safari on iOS from version 4.24.2+ Supported in Blackberry browser from version 1010+ Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1010+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 3131+ Supported in Android browser from version 2.22.2+ Supported in Opera mobile from version 2222+ Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3636+
Encrypted storageWeb Cryptography APIWeb CryptographyLastCallStabilizingLast updated June 2014
Editing activity for Last updated June 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 5 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 9 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 51 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 27 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 0 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 32 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
Limited but growing
Support for cryptoNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Partial support in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 1111+ Partial support in Firefox mobile from version 1919+ Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Supported in Chrome for Android from version 3737+
WebCrypto Key DiscoveryWDEarly workLast updated May 2014
Editing activity for Last updated May 2014 September 2013S 0 commits in September 2013 October 2013O 0 commits in October 2013 November 2013N 0 commits in November 2013 December 2013D 0 commits in December 2013 January 2014J 0 commits in January 2014 February 2014F 0 commits in February 2014 March 2014M 0 commits in March 2014 April 2014A 0 commits in April 2014 May 2014M 2 commits in May 2014 June 2014J 0 commits in June 2014 July 2014J 0 commits in July 2014 August 2014A 0 commits in August 2014 2013 2014 Commits on ed. draft
None
Support for cryptokeyNot supported in Safari on iOSX Not supported in Blackberry browserX Not supported in Internet Explorer on Windows PhoneX Not supported in Firefox mobileX Not supported in Android browserX Not supported in Opera mobileX Not supported in Chrome for AndroidX
None
Tracking protectionTracking Preference Expression (DNT)Tracking ProtectionLastCallStabilizingundefined
Good deployment
Support for dntSupported in Safari on iOS from version 55+ Supported in Blackberry browser unknown? Supported in Internet Explorer on Windows Phone from version 99+ Supported in Firefox mobile from version 66+ Supported in Android browser unknown? Supported in Opera mobile unknown? Supported in Chrome for Android from version 2323+
None

Agradecimientos

Gracias a Art Barstow, Anssi Kostiainen, Jo Rabin, Jose Manrique Lopez, Mounir Lamouri, Marcos Caceres, François Daoust and Ronan Cremin for their contributions to this document.

Este documento es producido a través del HTML5Apps project, financiado por la Unión Europea a través del Séptimo Programa Marco (FP7/2013-2015) bajo el acuerdo n°611327 - HTML5 Apps.

La traducción al español ha sido producida en el marco del proyecto “Asesoramiento experto en materia de movilidad y visualización sobre Software de Fuentes Abiertas”, financiado por Cenatic.