RDF-star Working Group - Publications

Working Drafts

RDF 1.2 N-Quads

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N-Quads is a line-based, plain text format for encoding an RDF dataset.

RDF 1.2 N-Quads introduces quoted triples as a fourth kind of RDF term which can be used as the subject or object of another triple, making it possible to make statements about other statements.

RDF 1.2 N-Triples

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N-Triples is a line-based, plain text format for encoding an RDF graph.

RDF 1.2 N-Triples introduces quoted triples as a fourth kind of RDF term which can be used as the subject or object of another triple, making it possible to make statements about other statements.

RDF 1.2 Schema

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RDF Schema provides a data-modelling vocabulary for RDF data. RDF Schema is an extension of the basic RDF vocabulary.

RDF 1.2 Semantics

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This document describes a precise semantics for the RDF 1.2 Concepts and Abstract Syntax and RDF 1.2 Schema. It defines a number of distinct entailment regimes and corresponding patterns of entailment. It is part of a suite of documents which comprise the full specification of RDF 1.2.

RDF 1.2 TriG

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This document defines a textual syntax for RDF called TriG that allows an RDF dataset to be completely written in a compact and natural text form, with abbreviations for common usage patterns and datatypes. TriG is an extension of the Turtle format.

RDF 1.2 Turtle

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The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a general-purpose language for representing information in the Web.

This document defines a textual syntax for RDF called Turtle that allows an RDF graph to be completely written in a compact and natural text form, with abbreviations for common usage patterns and datatypes. Turtle provides levels of compatibility with the N-Triples format as well as the triple pattern syntax of SPARQL 1.2 Query Language W3C Recommendation.

RDF 1.2 XML Syntax

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This document defines an XML syntax for RDF called RDF/XML in terms of Namespaces in XML, the XML Information Set and XML Base.

SPARQL 1.2 Entailment Regimes

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SPARQL is a query language and a protocol for data that is stored natively as RDF or viewed as RDF via middleware. The main mechanism for computing query results in SPARQL is subgraph matching: RDF triples in both the queried RDF data and the query pattern are interpreted as nodes and edges of directed graphs, and the resulting query graph is matched to the data graph using variables as wild cards. Various W3C standards, including RDF 1.2 Concepts and Abstract Syntax and OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Mapping to RDF Graphs (Second Edition), provide semantic interpretations for RDF graphs that allow additional RDF statements to be inferred from explicitly given assertions. Many applications that rely on these semantics require a query language such as SPARQL, but in order to use SPARQL, basic graph pattern matching has to be defined using semantic entailment relations instead of explicitly given graph structures. There are different possible ways of defining a basic graph pattern matching extension for an entailment relation. This document specifies one such way for a range of standard semantic web entailment relations. Such extensions of the SPARQL semantics are called entailment regimes within this document. An entailment regime defines not only which entailment relation is used, but also which queries and graphs are well-formed for the regime, how the entailment is used (since there are potentially different meaningful ways to use the same entailment relation), and what kinds of errors can arise. The entailment relations used in this document are standard entailment relations in the semantic web: RDF entailment, RDFS entailment, D-entailment, OWL Direct and RDF-Based Semantics entailment, and RIF Core entailment.

SPARQL 1.2 Federated Query

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RDF is a directed, labeled graph data format for representing information in the Web. SPARQL can be used to express queries across diverse data sources, whether the data is stored natively as RDF or viewed as RDF via middleware. This specification defines the syntax and semantics of SPARQL 1.1 Federated Query extension for executing queries distributed over different SPARQL endpoints. The SERVICE keyword extends SPARQL 1.1 to support queries that merge data distributed across the Web.

SPARQL 1.2 Graph Store Protocol

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This document describes the use of HTTP operations for the purpose of managing a collection of RDF graphs. This interface is an alternative to SPARQL 1.2 Protocol. Most of the operations defined here can be performed using that interface, but for some clients or servers, this interface may be easier to implement or work with. This specification may serve as a non-normative suggestion for HTTP operations on RDF graphs which are managed outside of a SPARQL graph store.

SPARQL 1.2 Protocol

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The SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL) is a query language and protocol for RDF. This document specifies the SPARQL Protocol; it describes a means for conveying SPARQL queries and updates to a SPARQL processing service and returning the results via HTTP to the entity that requested them. This protocol was developed by the W3C SPARQL Working Group, part of the Semantic Web Activity as described in the activity statement .

SPARQL 1.2 Query Language

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RDF is a directed, labeled graph data format for representing information in the Web. This specification defines the syntax and semantics of the SPARQL query language for RDF. SPARQL can be used to express queries across diverse data sources, whether the data is stored natively as RDF or viewed as RDF via middleware. SPARQL contains capabilities for querying required and optional graph patterns along with their conjunctions and disjunctions. SPARQL also supports aggregation, subqueries, negation, creating values by expressions, extensible value testing, and constraining queries by source RDF graph. The results of SPARQL queries can be result sets or RDF graphs.

SPARQL 1.2 Query Results CSV and TSV Formats

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The formats CSV [RFC4180] (comma separated values) and TSV [IANA-TSV] (tab separated values) provide simple, easy to process formats for the transmission of tabular data. They are supported as input datat formats by many tools, particularly spreadsheets. This document describes their use for expressing SPARQL query results from SELECT queries.

SPARQL 1.2 Query Results JSON Format

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SPARQL is a set of standards for the query and update of RDF data, along with ways to access such data over the web. This document describes the representation of SELECT and ASK query results using JSON.

SPARQL 1.2 Query Results XML Format

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This specification is published by the RDF Star Working Group as part of the update of specifications for format and errata.

SPARQL 1.2 Service Description

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This document describes SPARQL service description, a method for discovering, and vocabulary for describing SPARQL services made available via the SPARQL 1.2 Protocol. These descriptions provide a mechanism by which a client or end user can discover information about the SPARQL service such as supported extension functions and details about the available dataset.

SPARQL 1.2 Update

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This document describes SPARQL 1.2 Update, an update language for RDF graphs. It uses a syntax derived from the SPARQL Query Language for RDF. Update operations are performed on a collection of graphs in a Graph Store. Operations are provided to update, create, and remove RDF graphs in a Graph Store.

RDF 1.2 Concepts and Abstract Syntax

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RDF 1.2 Concepts introduces key concepts and terminology for RDF 1.2, discusses datatyping, and the handling of fragment identifiers in IRIs within RDF graphs.

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