20 December 2002: The Web Services Task Force of the Internationalization Working Group has released the first Working Draft of Web Services Internationalization Usage Scenarios. This document will be used to generate requirements for Web services internationalization as well as best practices for implementers. The task force invites contributions of additional usage scenarios and use cases, and other comments. Visit the Internationalization home page. (Permalink)
20 December 2002: The Quality Assurance (QA) Working Group has released the first published Working Draft of the QA Framework: Test Guidelines. The document defines a set of common guidelines for conformance test materials for W3C specifications. Visit the QA home page and read about the QA Activity. (Permalink)
19 December 2002: The Math Working Group has released a Working Draft of the Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0 (2nd Edition). MathML 2.0 is an XML application that allows mathematical notation and content to be served, received, and processed on the Web. The 2nd edition contains clarifications and errata corrections. Comments are welcome. Visit the Math home page. (Permalink)
19 December 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the advancement of SOAP Version 1.2 to Candidate Recommendation. The specification is in three parts: Part 0: Primer, Part 1: Messaging Framework and Part 2: Adjuncts. Publicly developed, SOAP Version 1.2 is a lightweight protocol for exchanging structured information in a decentralized, distributed environment. Comments are welcome. Read about the Web Services Activity. (Permalink)
19 December 2002: The XML Linking Working Group has released an updated Working Draft of XPointer xpointer() Scheme. Used with the XPointer Framework Proposed Recommendation, the draft allows full addressing of portions of XML documents. It is based on XPath, and adds the ability to address strings, points, and ranges in accordance with definitions in DOM 2 Range. Read about the XML Activity. (Permalink)
18 December 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the advancement of Namespaces in XML 1.1 to Candidate Recommendation. Identified by IRI references, namespaces qualify element and attribute names in XML documents. Version 1.1 incorporates errata corrections and provides a mechanism to undeclare prefixes. Comments are welcome through 14 February. Read about the XML Activity. (Permalink)
18 December 2002: The HTML Working Group has released the third Working Draft of XHTML 2.0. XHTML 2.0 is a relative of the Web's familiar publishing languages, HTML 4 and XHTML 1.0 and 1.1, and is not intended to be backward compatible with them. The draft contains the XHTML 2.0 markup language in modules for creating rich, portable Web-based applications. Comments are welcome. Visit the HTML home page. (Permalink)
18 December 2002: Due to construction at MIT, on Friday, 27 December, power for W3C MIT-based systems will be turned off at approximately 23:00 UTC for about twenty-six hours. All services will be suspended and the W3C site will be accessible in a read-only state. Mail sent to W3C archives will be queued and posted when the power is restored. Power is expected to return on Sunday, 29 December at 01:00 UTC. We apologize for the inconvenience. (Permalink)
17 December 2002: The World Wide Web Consortium today released User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 as a W3C Recommendation. Written for software developers as part of the Web Accessibility Initiative, the guidelines explain how to design browsers and media players that lower barriers to the Web for people with disabilities (visual, hearing, physical, cognitive, and neurological) and improve usability for all users. Companion techniques are updated. Read the press release, FAQ and 23 testimonials. (Permalink)
13 December 2002: Richard Ishida of the W3C Team has become co-chair of the Internationalization & Unicode Conference. The event (renamed from "Unicode Conference" to more accurately reflect its content) is the premier technical conference worldwide for both software and Web internationalization. The W3C Internationalization Activity is pleased to be able to reaffirm in this way its longstanding and beneficial association with the event. The 23rd Internationalization & Unicode Conference (IUC23) is to be held on 24-26 March 2003 in Prague, Czech Republic. (Permalink)
13 December 2002: The Device Independence Working Group has released the first public Working Draft of Delivery Context Overview for Device Independence. Delivery context is a term used to describe user preferences and the capabilities of user Web access mechanisms. Read about the W3C Device Independence Activity. (Permalink)
12 December 2002: The HTML Working Group has released an updated Working Draft of XHTML 2.0. XHTML 2.0 is a relative of the Web's familiar publishing languages, HTML 4 and XHTML 1.0 and 1.1, and is not intended to be backward compatible with them. The draft contains the XHTML 2.0 markup language in modules for creating rich, portable Web-based applications. Comments are welcome. Visit the HTML home page. (Permalink)
12 December 2002: Amaya is W3C's Web browser and authoring tool. Version 7.1 is a bug fix release with SVG, MathML, and printing enhancements. Download Amaya binaries for Solaris, Linux, and Windows, and Debian and RPM packages. Source code is available. If you are interested in annotations, visit the Annotea home page. (Permalink)
10 December 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the first Welcome Page Competition for Amaya, W3C's editor/browser. Design the start page using W3C technologies such as HTML, XHTML, CSS style sheets, MathML expressions, and SVG drawings. Enter as often as you wish. Deadline for submissions is 3 February 2003. (Permalink)
10 December 2002: The World Wide Web Consortium today released XML Encryption Syntax and Processing and Decryption Transform for XML Signature as W3C Recommendations. The specifications have been reviewed by the W3C Membership, who favor their adoption by industry. Encryption makes sensitive data confidential for storage or transmission. Read the press release and testimonials. (Permalink)
9 December 2002: The HTML Working Group has released a Last Call Working Draft of Modularization of XHTML in XML Schema. Comments are welcome through 31 January. The document provides a complete set of XML Schema modules for XHTML, and allows document authors to modify and extend XHTML in a conformant way. Visit the HTML home page. (Permalink)
6 December 2002: The Evaluation and Repair Tools Working Group has released the first public Working Draft of the Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) 1.0. The specification explains how to use EARL, a general-purpose language for expressing test results, and defines a basic vocabulary. Feedback is welcome. Read about the Web Accessibility Initiative. (Permalink)
5 December 2002: The Multimodal Interaction Working Group has released Multimodal Interaction Use Cases as a W3C Note. Airline reservations, driving directions, and name dialing from mobile terminals are analyzed. They highlight device requirements, event handling, network dependencies, and user interaction. Read about the Multimodal Interaction Activity. (Permalink)
5 December 2002: W3C is pleased to announce a home page redesign and accompanying FAQ. Written for newer, standards-compliant user agents in XHTML 1.0 strict, the design features table-less columns and more navigation for accessibility, and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) for layout. W3C welcomes your comments. (Permalink)
4 December 2002: W3C is pleased to co-host XML 2002 to be held 8-13 December in Baltimore, MD, USA. Chris Lilley participates in a Town Hall panel on the W3C Technical Architecture Group on 10 December. Philippe Le Hégaret presents W3C Update on 11 December and DOM Level 3 on 12 December. Daniel Weitzner and Liam Quin, W3C XML Activity Lead, will attend. (Permalink)
3 December 2002: Amaya is W3C's Web browser and authoring tool. New features in version 7.0 include user interface enhancements, migration to the Raptor parser, and improved support for XML, SVG, and CSS. Download Amaya binaries for Solaris, Linux, and Windows. Source code is available. If you are interested in annotations, visit the Annotea home page. (Permalink)
2 December 2002: The Voice Browser Working Group has released a Last Call Working Draft of the Speech Synthesis Markup Language Version 1.0. Comments are welcome through 15 January 2003. With this XML-based language, content authors can generate synthetic speech on the Web, controlling pronunciation, volume, pitch, and rate. Read about the Voice Browser Activity. (Permalink)
2 December 2002: The Multimodal Interaction Working Group released the first publication of the W3C Multimodal Interaction Framework as a W3C Note. The framework identifies markup languages required by components and for data flowing among components. It describes input and output modes widely used today and can be extended. Read about the Multimodal Interaction Activity. (Permalink)
2 December 2002: The Quality Assurance (QA) Working Group has released Operational Examples & Techniques as a W3C Note. Part of the QA Framework and developed in tandem with Operational Guidelines, the latest version is now maintained at the QA Activity until it stabilizes. The document gives examples and techniques of quality practices within W3C Working Groups. (Permalink)
2 December 2002: On 3 December, Hugo Haas presents at Iliatech Club Day on Web Services at INRIA Rocquencourt, Le Chesnay, France, and Charles McCathieNevile presents at LexiPraxi (in French) at the Agence universitaire de la Francophonie in Paris, France. On 5 December, Kazuhiro Kitagawa gives a keynote at Internet World Asia in Tokyo, Japan. Several Team members attend XML 2002 in Baltimore, MD, USA held 8-13 December. On 10 December, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen participates in a panel at the CNET Building a Web Services Foundation conference in San Francisco, CA, USA. Daniel Dardailler presents at Internet: un diritto per tutti (in Italian) in Venice, Italy on 16 December. Browse upcoming W3C appearances and events. (Permalink)
27 November 2002: W3C is pleased to announce its European host will change on 1 January 2003 from INRIA to the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics (ERCIM). MIT in North America, Keio University in Asia and now ERCIM in Europe are W3C's three global partners and physical headquarters called "hosts." The move allows W3C to foster research relationships throughout Europe, while maintaining ties to INRIA, one of the ERCIM founders. Read the press release in eighteen languages and the testimonials. (Permalink)
26 November 2002: W3C is pleased to announce an upgrade to the W3C Markup Validation Service. Changes include improved result pages, accessibility fixes, restructured code and design, and more MathML, XHTML and SVG support. Feedback is welcome. The announcement names contributors and has release notes. (Permalink)
25 November 2002: In the past 6 months, W3C Working Groups released a record 137 publications, 36 during 2 weeks in November. Find them linked to the index of technical reports. W3C thanks our Webmaster Henri Fallon and the W3C SysWeb team for making this possible. SysWeb supports the needs of the W3C Membership, the Team and the public. Currently, they serve 680,000 Web pages and 796,000 pages of mailing list archives on machines in the USA, Japan, and France. (Permalink)
25 November 2002: W3C held its semiannual Advisory Committee Meeting on 18-20 November in Cambridge, MA, USA. W3C Member organizations participated in two days of talks and discussion on the range of W3C Activities. If your organization would like to join W3C, please refer to the Membership page. The next Advisory Committee Meeting will be held 18-20 May 2003, colocated with WWW2003 on 20-24 May in Budapest, Hungary. (Permalink)
25 November 2002: W3C is pleased to co-sponsor Internet World Asia 2002 (in Japanese) to be held 4-6 December in Tokyo, Japan. Kazuhiro Kitagawa, W3C Device Independence Activity Lead, gives the keynote New services based on the Semantic Web on 5 December. Registration is open. (Permalink)
15 November 2002: The SVG Working Group has released the first public Working Draft of Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.2. Potential areas of new work identified in SVG 1.2 include integration with other XML formats, and text wrapping, printing, streaming, painting, rendering model, and DOM enhancements. Visit the SVG home page. (Permalink)
15 November 2002: The W3C Technical Architecture Group (TAG) has released an updated Working Draft, Architecture of the World Wide Web. Comments are welcome. With technical issues organized around identification, representation, and interaction, the document also addresses some non-technical social issues that contribute to the shared information space. Visit the TAG home page. (Permalink)
15 November 2001: Incorporating comments received during Last Call, the CC/PP Working Group has updated Composite Capability/Preference Profiles (CC/PP): Structure and Vocabularies. CC/PP is a user-side hardware, software and preferences profile written in Resource Description Framework (RDF), W3C's language for modeling metadata. Comments are invited through 27 November. Read about device independence. (Permalink)
15 November 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the advancement of Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 and Mobile SVG to Proposed Recommendations. Comments are welcome through 20 December. SVG delivers vector graphics, text, and images to the Web in XML. SVG 1.1 separates the SVG language into reusable building blocks. Mobile SVG re-combines them into two profiles optimized for cellphones and pocket computers. (Permalink)
15 November 2002: The XML Query, XSL, and XML Schema Working Groups have released a number of documents through joint efforts. Please see the status section of each document for authorship and the change history. The documents are part of the XML and Style Activities. (Permalink)
14 November 2002: The CSS Working Group has released two modules of Cascading Style Sheets Level 3 (CSS3). A first public draft, Border extends border styles, colors and images. Lists enhances the styling of lists and their markers. Comments are welcome. Visit the CSS home page. (Permalink)
14 November 2002: The Web Ontology Working Group has released an updated Working Draft of the Language Reference for the Web Ontology Language (OWL) 1.0. Automated tools can use common sets of terms called ontologies to power services such as more accurate Web search, intelligent software agents, and knowledge management. OWL is used to publish and share ontologies on the Web. Read about the W3C Semantic Web Activity. (Permalink)
14 November 2002: The Web Services Architecture Working Group has released the first public Working Draft of Web Services Architecture. Software applications can communicate using Web services to present dynamic context-driven information to the user. The reference architecture identifies Web services components, defines relationships among those components, and establishes constraints upon them. Comments are welcome. Read about the Web Services Activity. (Permalink)
14 November 2002: The Web Services Architecture Working Group has updated Web Services Architecture Requirements. The draft contains the Web services reference architecture and the constraints used to determine implementation conformance. The group also published the first public Working Draft of the Web Services Glossary. Comments are welcome. Read about the Web Services Activity. (Permalink)
14 November 2002: The Open Research Forum (in Japanese) is the yearly open house extending research and development at Keio University SFC (Shonan Fujisawa Campus) to interested companies and the general public. On 22 November, W3C holds a tutorial seminar (in Japanese) at ORF: Masayasu Ishikawa, W3C HTML Activity Lead, chairs and introduces XHTML 2.0 and its Family including XForms. Invited speakers are Toshihiko Yamakami of ACCESS who speaks on mobile access, and Yuichi Koike of NEC who speaks on privacy and P3P. (Permalink)
14 November 2002: The Patent Policy Working Group has released the Royalty-Free Patent Policy as a Last Call Working Draft. The draft governs the handling of patents in the process of producing and implementing W3C Recommendations. Comments are welcome through 31 December. Read more in the press release and visit the patent policy home page. (Permalink)
13 November 2002: W3C is pleased to
announce the advancement of the XPointer Framework to Proposed
Recommendation. The XPointer Framework is an
extensible system for XML addressing and underlies additional schemes.
The element() scheme allows
basic addressing of XML elements. The xmlns() scheme is used
for interpreting namespace prefixes in pointers. Comments are welcome
through 13 December. Read about the XML Activity.
(Permalink)
13 November 2002: The RDF Core Working Group has released an updated Working Draft of RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema. The specification describes how to use RDF to describe RDF vocabularies, and defines a basic vocabulary and conventions that can be used by Semantic Web applications. Read about the Semantic Web Activity. (Permalink)
13 November 2002: The RDF Core Working Group has released updated Working Drafts of the RDF Primer, RDF Test Cases, and RDF Semantics (formerly named RDF Model Theory). The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a general-purpose language for representing information in the Web. The primer is an introduction for all readers. The test cases correspond to technical issues the Working Group is addressing. Semantics specifies precise semantics for RDF and RDFS, with some entailment results. Read about the Semantic Web Activity. (Permalink)
12 November 2002: The RDF Core Working Group has released a Working Draft of RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised). The document updates the Resource Description Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax Specification in terms of XML, XML Namespaces, the XML Information Set with new support for XML Base. Read about the Semantic Web Activity. (Permalink)
12 November 2002: The RDF Core Working Group has released a Working Draft of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) Concepts and Abstract Syntax (formerly named Concepts and Abstract Data Model). The draft defines the abstract graph syntax on which RDF is based. It discusses design goals, the meaning of RDF documents, key concepts, character normalization and handling of URI references. Read about the Semantic Web Activity. (Permalink)
12 November 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the advancement of XForms 1.0 to Candidate Recommendation. Comments are welcome through 5 March 2003. More flexible than previous HTML and XHTML form technologies, the new generation of Web forms separates purpose, presentation, and data. Read the press release and testimonials and visit the XForms home page. (Permalink)
11 November 2002: The Web Ontology Working Group has released an updated Working Draft of OWL Abstract Syntax and Semantics. The draft is a high-level description of the OWL Web Ontology Language 1.0 and its subset OWL Lite. Automated tools can use common sets of terms called ontologies to power services such as more accurate Web search, intelligent software agents, and knowledge management. OWL is used to publish and share ontologies on the Web. Read about the W3C Semantic Web Activity. (Permalink)
11 November 2002: The Euroweb 2002 Conference will be held at St Anne's College, Oxford, UK, on 17-18 December. Euroweb 2002 is an international forum of research presentations on the GRID, Web services, the Semantic Web, and the future computing infrastructure. Invited speakers include Brian McBride of Hewlett-Packard on the Semantic Web, Domenico Laforenza of CNR on the Grid, and John Ibbotson of IBM on Web services. Early registration at a reduced fee ends 15 November. (Permalink)
11 November 2002: W3C is pleased to co-sponsor 2002 XML Japan to be held 28 November (Mobile XML Day), 29 November (Web Services / Document Day), and 30 November (Developers Day) at Aoyama TEPIA in Tokyo, Japan. Masayasu Ishikawa, W3C HTML Activity Lead, presents on 28 November, Kazuhiro Kitagawa, W3C Device Independence Activity Lead, gives the keynote on 29 November, and Yasuyuki Hirakawa serves on the Program Committee. Registration is open. Read the XML Japan program. (Permalink)
8 November 2002: W3C is pleased to announce that the XML-Signature XPath Filter 2.0 has become a W3C Recommendation. The XML-Signature XPath Filter 2.0 defines a new XML Signature transform to provide a more efficient method for computing a portion of a document to be signed. The Implementation and Interop report includes two Open Source implementations. Read more about XML Signature technologies. (Permalink)
8 November 2002: The Document Object Model (DOM) Working Group has published DOM Level 2 HTML as a W3C Proposed Recommendation. DOM Level 2 HTML is a platform- and language-neutral interface that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content and structure of HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0 documents. The Call for Review closes 6 December. Read about the DOM Activity. (Permalink)
8 November 2002: The Web Ontology Working Group has published its first Working Draft of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) Guide. The OWL Guide demonstrates the use of OWL to formalize a domain by defining classes and properties of those classes; define individuals and assert properties about them, and reason about these classes and individuals to the degree permitted by the formal semantics of the OWL language. Read about the Web Ontology Working Group. (Permalink)
8 November 2002: The Quality Assurance (QA) Working Group has updated three Working Drafts in its seven-part QA Framework: the Introduction, Process and Operational Guidelines; and Specification Guidelines. Learn more about the QA Activity and the roadmap for ensuring that W3C technologies are well implemented. (Permalink)
4 November 2002: W3C Director Tim Berners-Lee was a 1 November guest on National Public Radio (NPR) Talk of the Nation: Science Friday. Host Ira Flatow and callers from the United States discussed inventions, the Semantic Web, privacy, patents, broadband, "always on" connections, openness, trust, and spam. NPR provides a three-quarter hour audio archive of the show, as well as Mr. Berners-Lee's previous visit to Science Friday in 1999. (Permalink)
4 November 2002: Browse upcoming W3C appearances and events. (Permalink)
30 October 2002: The Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines Working Group has released an update to the W3C Note Techniques for Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines 1.0. The document provides references, techniques and strategies to authoring tool developers who wish to satisfy ATAG 1.0 checkpoints. Read about the Web Accessibility Initiative. (Permalink)
28 October 2002: The Web Services Description Working Group has released a Last Call Working Draft of Web Services Description Requirements. The document describes definitions and requirements for specifying application to application communication. Comments are welcome through 31 December. Read about the Web Services Activity. (Permalink)
25 October 2002: The Device Independence Working Group has released the first public Working Draft of Authoring Challenges for Device Independence. The draft describes the considerations that Web authors face in supporting access to their sites from a variety of different devices. It is written for authors, language developers, device experts and developers of Web applications and authoring systems. Read about the Device Independence Activity (Permalink)
24 October 2002: The CSS Working Group has released two Last Call Working Drafts and welcomes comments on them through 27 November. CSS3 module: text is a set of text formatting properties and addresses international contexts. CSS3 module: Ruby is properties for ruby, a short run of text alongside base text typically used in East Asia. CSS3 module: The box model for the layout of textual documents in visual media is also updated. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a language used to render structured documents like HTML and XML on screen, on paper, and in speech. Visit the CSS home page. (Permalink)
24 October 2002: The first public Working Draft of Web Ontology Language (OWL) Test Cases has been released. The draft illustrates correct OWL usage, the formal meaning of OWL constructs, and resolution of issues considered by the Web Ontology Working Group. OWL is used to publish and share sets of terms called ontologies, providing accurate Web search, intelligent software agents, and knowledge management. Read about the W3C Semantic Web Activity. (Permalink)
22 October 2002: The DOM Working Group has
released an updated Working Draft of the Document Object Model (DOM)
Level 3 Core Specification. The Document Object Model (DOM) allows
programs and scripts to update the content and style of documents
dynamically. The draft introduces two new interfaces:
TypeInfo and DOMConfiguration. Read about the
DOM Activity. (Permalink)
17 October 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the advancement of User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 to Proposed Recommendation. Comments are welcome through 14 November. Written for developers of user agents, the guidelines lower barriers to Web accessibility for people with disabilities (visual, hearing, physical, cognitive, and neurological). The companion Techniques Working Draft is updated. Read about the Web Accessibility Initiative. (Permalink)
15 October 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the advancement of XML 1.1 to Candidate Recommendation. Comments are welcome through 14 February 2003. The specification addresses Unicode, control character, and line ending issues. Visit the XML home page. (Permalink)
15 October 2002: The Web Services Architecture Working Group has updated Web Services Architecture Requirements. Software applications can communicate using Web services to present dynamic context-driven information to the user. The draft contains the reference architecture and the constraints used to determine implementation conformance. Comments are welcome. Read about the Web Services Activity. (Permalink)
15 October 2002: The Voice Browser Working Group has published the second public Working Draft of Voice Browser Call Control: CCXML Version 1.0. CCXML, the Call Control eXtensible Markup Language, provides telephony call control support for VoiceXML and other dialog systems. Comments are welcome. Visit the Voice Browser home page. (Permalink)
10 October 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the launch of the W3C Finnish Office (in Finnish) based at the Digital Media Institute of the Tampere University of Technology in Tampere, Finland. The opening ceremonies are 11 October, and are open to the public (free registration required). Read the press release and more about W3C Offices. (Permalink)
9 October 2002: The DOM Working Group has released a Last Call Working Draft of the Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Validation Specification. The Document Object Model (DOM) allows programs and scripts to update the content and style of documents dynamically. This module of DOM3 ensures that documents remain or become valid. Comments are welcome through 27 November. Read about the DOM Activity. (Permalink)
7 October 2002: Browse upcoming W3C appearances and events. (Permalink)
7 October 2002: Responding to implementer feedback and test suite results, the DOM Working Group has released an updated Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 HTML Candidate Recommendation. Comments are welcome through 16 October. The sixth component of DOM Level 2, DOM2 HTML is a set of interfaces used to manipulate the structure and contents of HTML and XHTML documents. Read more about the DOM Activity. (Permalink)
3 October 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the advancement of XML Encryption Syntax and Processing and Decryption Transform for XML Signature to Proposed Recommendations. Encryption makes sensitive data confidential for storage or transmission. Comments are welcome through 31 October. Read about the XML Encryption Activity. (Permalink)
3 October 2002: W3C Day is being held on 8 October as part of the Evolve 2002 Conference in Sydney, Australia from 8-11 October 2002. Janet Daly, Hugo Haas, Dean Jackson, and Joseph Reagle of the W3C Team will be on hand, focusing on the W3C Privacy, Web Services, XML Signature, XML Encryption and XML Key Management Activities. Read the W3C Day programme. (Permalink)
3 October 2002: The WAI Protocols and Formats Working Group has released an updated Working Draft of XML Accessibility Guidelines. The draft is a guide for tools designers and authors of XML formats. It explains how to design accessible XML applications that lower barriers to Web accessibility for people with disabilities. Comments are welcome. Read about the Web Accessibility Initiative. (Permalink)
24 September 2002: The XML Protocol Working Group has released a Last Call Working Draft of the SOAP 1.2 Attachment Feature. The draft can be used as the basis for defining SOAP bindings that support the transmission of messages with attachments. Comments are welcome through 15 October. Read more on the Web services home page. (Permalink)
24 September 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the launch of the W3C Hungarian Office (in Hungarian) based at the Computer and Automation Research Institute (SZTAKI) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA) in Budapest, Hungary. Daniel Dardailler, Marie-Claire Forgue, Max Froumentin, Ivan Herman, László Kovács, and Vincent Quint are among those attending today's opening ceremonies. Read the press release and about W3C Offices. (Permalink)
22 September 2002: W3C is pleased to co-support XML Days that are underway in Europe. Klaus Birkenbihl of the W3C Office in Germany and Austria, and Oreste Signore of the W3C Office in Italy have participated, and Steven Pemberton, Bert Bos, Rigo Wenning, and Ivan Herman of the W3C Team will give keynotes. (Permalink)
17 September 2002: The Twelfth International World Wide Web Conference (WWW2003) is to be held in Budapest, Hungary, on 20-24 May 2003. A day of tutorials and workshops is followed by a three-day technical program. Proposals for tutorials and workshops are due 15 October, papers are due 15 November, and posters are due 15 January. Visit the conference Web site. (Permalink)
17 September 2002: Responding to feedback, the XML Core Working Group has released an updated Candidate Recommendation of XML Inclusions (XInclude) Version 1.0. XInclude introduces a generic mechanism for merging XML documents using elements, attributes, and URI references. Comments are welcome through 1 November. Read about the XML Activity. (Permalink)
16 September 2002: Amaya is W3C's Web browser and authoring tool. Among the changes, version 6.4 features Finnish dialogs by Tisza Daniel and a new revision of German pages and dialogs by Rudolf Troeller. Download Amaya binaries for Solaris, Linux, and Windows. Source code is available. If you are interested in annotations, visit the Annotea home page. (Permalink)
13 September 2002: Registration is open through 29 October for the W3C Workshop on the Future of P3P to be held in Dulles, VA, USA on 12-13 November 2002. Participants will discuss Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) technology and policy. Position papers are due 30 September. Visit the P3P home page. (Permalink)
13 September 2002: The HTML Working Group has published the first public Working Draft of HLink. The draft gives the XHTML Family the ability to specify which attributes represent hyperlinks, and how those hyperlinks should be traversed. Comments are welcome. Visit the HTML home page. (Permalink)
10 September 2002: In collaboration with W3C, NIST is holding a workshop on Web usability in Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA (near Washington, DC) on 4-5 November. Participants will discuss the usability of W3C specifications, how they affect usability of software based on them, and how to improve the overall usability of the Web. The extended deadline for position papers is 30 September. Please refer to the workshop page for details. (Permalink)
9 September 2002: Amaya is W3C's Web browser and authoring tool. New features in version 6.3 include control over whether images are loaded; new preference options; more SVG, MathML, and Unicode support; and support for annotations described with Dublin Core 1.1. Download Amaya binaries for Solaris, Linux, and Windows. Source code is available. If you are interested in annotations, visit the Annotea home page. (Permalink)
6 September 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the renewal of the Internationalization Activity through August 2004. In keeping with W3C's goals, the Internationalization Activity makes it easy to use W3C technology worldwide, with different languages, scripts, and cultures. Visit the Internationalization home page. (Permalink)
6 September 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the opening of the W3C Finnish Office in Tampere, Finland, hosted by the Digital Media Institute of the Tampere University of Technology. Tarja Systä is Office Manager, and Ossi Nykänen is coordinator. The opening ceremony takes place 11 October in Tampere. Read about W3C Offices. (Permalink)
5 September 2002: The XML Core Working Group has released a Last Call Working Draft of Namespaces in XML 1.1. Identified by IRI references, namespaces qualify element and attribute names in XML documents. Version 1.1 incorporates errata corrections and provides a mechanism to undeclare prefixes. Comments are welcome through 28 September. Read about the XML Activity. (Permalink)
3 September 2002: The HTML Working Group has released XHTML 1.0 in XML Schema as a W3C Note. This work in progress provides informative XML schemas corresponding to the XHTML 1.0 Strict, Transitional, and Frameset DTDs. Comments are welcome. Visit the HTML home page. (Permalink)
2 September 2002: Ivan Herman speaks at HKUST and the Web Services Conference 2002 in Hong Kong on 2 and 3 September. On 10 September, Steven Pemberton speaks at BayCHI in Palo Alto, CA, USA. On 24 September, Péter Inzelt, László Kovács, Daniel Dardailler, Marie-Claire Forgue, Éva Megyaszai, Ivan Herman, Vincent Quint, and Max Froumentin speak at the W3C Hungarian Office Opening Event in Budapest. On 26 September, Chris Lilley speaks at the Applied Visualization Laboratory in Knoxville, TN, USA. Philipp Hoschka gives a keynote at Informatik 2002 in Dortmund, Germany. Browse upcoming W3C appearances and events. (Permalink)
2 September 2002: W3C Team members will attend the Twenty-second International Unicode Conference on 9-13 September in San Jose, CA, USA. Chris Lilley gives the keynote address, SVG: Vector Graphics meets Unicode. Richard Ishida moderates a panel on Web Internationalization featuring Martin Dürst, Chris Lilley, and Michel Suignard. Martin Dürst and Richard Ishida present Web Internationalization - An Update from the W3C, and Richard Ishida presents the paper, Introduction to Indic Scripts. (Permalink)
30 August 2002: The W3C Technical Architecture Group (TAG) has released its first public Working Draft, Architectural Principles of the World Wide Web. Comments are welcome. This document establishes a reference set of principles and good practice for Web architecture, including identifiers, formats, and protocols. Visit the TAG home page. (Permalink)
30 August 2002: The RDF Core Working Group has released a Working Draft of the Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Data Model. The draft defines the abstract graph syntax on which RDF is based, and other technical aspects of RDF. Read about the Semantic Web Activity. (Permalink)
27 August 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the advancement of XML-Signature XPath Filter 2.0 to Proposed Recommendation. Comments are welcome through 24 September. The specification defines a means to digitally sign a document subset using XPath, the language for addressing parts of an XML document. Visit the XML Signature home page. (Permalink)
26 August 2002: The Quality Assurance (QA) Working Group has released a Working Draft of the QA Framework: Specification Guidelines. The guidelines are designed to help W3C Working Groups write clearer, more implementable, and better testable technical reports. This is a major revision and comments are welcome. Visit the QA home page. (Permalink)
23 August 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the rechartering of the HTML Working Group through August 2004. The group seeks to fulfill the promise of XML for applying XHTML to a wide variety of platforms. It supports rich Web content, combining XHTML with W3C work in areas such as math, scalable vector graphics, synchronized multimedia, and forms. Read the group's work items in its charter and visit the HTML home page. (Permalink)
22 August 2002: The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Working Group has released a Working Draft of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0. Following WCAG checkpoints makes Web content accessible to people with disabilities, and to a variety of Web-enabled devices, such as phones, handhelds, kiosks, and network appliances. Read about the Web Accessibility Initiative. (Permalink)
21 August 2002: The User Agent Accessibility Guidelines Working Group has released User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 as a Last Call Working Draft. Comments are welcome through 18 September. Written for developers of user agents, the guidelines lower barriers to Web accessibility for people with disabilities (visual, hearing, physical, cognitive, and neurological). The companion Techniques Working Draft is also updated. Read about the Web Accessibility Initiative. (Permalink)
21 August 2002: The XForms Working Group has released a Working Draft of XForms 1.0 incorporating all issues received during Last Call. Comments are welcome through 4 September. More flexible than previous HTML and XHTML form technologies, the new generation of Web forms separates purpose, presentation, and data. Visit the XForms home page. (Permalink)
19 August 2002: The Web Services Architecture Working Group has updated Web Services Architecture Requirements. Software applications can communicate using Web services to present dynamic context-driven information to the user. The draft contains the reference architecture and the constraints used to determine implementation conformance. Comments are welcome. Read about the Web Services Activity. (Permalink)
16 August 2002: The XML Query, XSL, and XML Schema Working Groups have released a number of documents through joint efforts. Please see the status section of each document for authorship and change history information. The documents are part of the XML and Style Activities. (Permalink)
15 August 2002: The HTML Working Group has released a Working Draft of Modularization of XHTML in XML Schema. The draft provides a complete set of XML Schema modules for XHTML, and allows document authors to modify and extend XHTML in a conformant way. Visit the HTML home page. (Permalink)
14 August 2002: The XML Protocol Working Group has released the first Working Draft of the SOAP 1.2 Attachment Feature. This abstract SOAP 1.2 feature can be used as the basis for defining SOAP bindings that support the transmission of messages with attachments. Comments are welcome. Read more on the Web services home page. (Permalink)
12 August 2002: The HTML Working Group has released an updated Working Draft of XML Events that incorporates comments received during Last Call. The specification defines a module used to associate behaviors with document-level markup for XML languages, and supports the DOM Level 2 event model. Comments are welcome. Visit the HTML home page. (Permalink)
9 August 2002: The Voice Browser Working Group has released the first Working Draft of Voice Browser Interoperation: Requirements. The draft describes requirements for how voice browsers and other call sites share user, application, and session data to coordinate user experience. Comments are welcome. Read more on the Voice Browser home page. (Permalink)
9 August 2002: The HTML and SVG Working Groups have published the second Working Draft of An XHTML + MathML + SVG Profile. The draft enables mixing XHTML, MathML and SVG in the same document using the XML namespaces mechanism while allowing validation. Comments are welcome. Read about the HTML and the Graphics Activities. (Permalink)
8 August 2002: On Friday, 9 August, power at the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) will be turned off at approximately 23:00 UTC for about four hours. All services will be suspended and the W3C site will be accessible in a read-only state. Mail sent to W3C archives will be queued and posted when the power is restored. Power is expected to return on Saturday, 10 August at 03:00 UTC. We apologize for the inconvenience. (Permalink)
7 August 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the advancement of CSS TV Profile 1.0 to Candidate Recommendation. The document is a subset of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Level 2 and the CSS3 module: Color tailored to the needs and constraints of TV devices such as interactive television sets that display their output on a television screen. Comments are welcome through January 2003. Visit the CSS home page. (Permalink)
6 August 2002: The HTML Working Group has released the first public Working Draft of XFrames. Replacing HTML frames, XFrames is an XML application for composing documents together that makes the content of framesets visible in their URIs. It addresses the usability, search and security problems associated with HTML frames. Comments are welcome. Read more on the HTML home page. (Permalink)
5 August 2002: The HTML Working Group has updated the W3C Note XHTML Media Types. Expressed in RFC compatible terms, the Note summarizes best current practice for serving XHTML Family documents by addressing four media types: 'text/html', 'application/xhtml+xml', and generic XML media types 'application/xml' and 'text/xml'. Read more on the HTML home page. (Permalink)
5 August 2002: The HTML Working Group has released the first public Working Draft of XHTML 2.0. XHTML 2.0 is a relative of the Web's familiar publishing languages, HTML 4 and XHTML 1.0 and 1.1, and is not intended to be backward compatible with them. The draft contains the XHTML 2.0 markup language in modules for creating rich, portable Web-based applications. Comments are welcome. Visit the HTML home page. (Permalink)
2 August 2002: The CSS Working Group has released Cascading Style Sheets, Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) as a Last Call Working Draft. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a language used to render structured documents like HTML and XML on screen, on paper, and in speech. The draft brings CSS2 in line with implementations and CSS2 errata, and removes obsolete features. Comments are welcome through 30 August. Visit the CSS home page. (Permalink)
2 August 2002: The CSS Working Group has released four modules of Cascading Style Sheets Level 3 as Working Drafts. Fonts, Web Fonts, and Backgrounds are in Last Call with comments welcome through 30 August. Basic User Interface is a first publication, the result of merging relevant parts of CSS2 and the February Working Draft, User Interface for CSS3. Learn more on the CSS home page. (Permalink)
2 August 2002: The XML Encryption Working Group has released two revised Candidate Recommendations, XML Encryption Syntax and Processing and its Decryption Transform. Encryption makes sensitive data confidential for storage or transmission. Please refer to the "Status of This Document" sections for summaries of changes. Comments are welcome through 13 September. Read about the W3C XML Encryption Activity. (Permalink)
2 August 2002: Paper submissions are due 13 September for SMIL Europe 2002 to be held in Paris, France on 20-22 November 2002. SMIL, pronounced "smile," enables authoring of interactive audiovisual rich media presentations. SMIL has been adopted as a basis for MMS, and for adding timing to other markup languages such as SVG. SMIL Europe is a forum for SMIL research and advanced applications. For more information, visit the conference Web site. (Permalink)
1 August 2002: The World Wide Web Consortium today released XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition) as a W3C Recommendation. XHTML 1.0 is a reformulation of HTML in XML, giving the rigor of XML to Web pages. The second edition is not a new version; it brings the XHTML 1.0 Recommendation up to date with comments from the community, ongoing work within the HTML Working Group, and the first edition errata. Read more on the HTML home page. (Permalink)
1 August 2002: Registration is open through 6 September for the W3C Workshop on Device Independent Authoring Techniques to be held in St. Leon-Rot, near Heidelberg, Germany on 25-26 September 2002. Participants will discuss authoring for multiple devices, how markup languages can be used to achieve greater device independence, and possibly new markup standards. Interest statements are due 4 September. Read about the W3C Device Independence Activity. (Permalink)
31 July 2002: The Web Ontology Working Group has released three first Working Drafts. The Feature Synopsis, Abstract Syntax and Language Reference describe the OWL Web Ontology Language 1.0 and its subset OWL Lite. Automated tools can use common sets of terms called ontologies to power services such as more accurate Web search, intelligent software agents, and knowledge management. OWL is used to publish and share ontologies on the Web. Read about the W3C Semantic Web Activity. (Permalink)
30 July 2002: The Web Services Architecture Working Group has released the first Working Draft of Web Services Architecture Usage Scenarios. The draft is a collection of usage scenarios and use cases used for generating Web services architecture requirements and for evaluating existing technologies. Comments are welcome. Visit the Web Services Activity home page. (Permalink)
30 July 2002: Registration is open for the Forum on Security Standards for Web Services to be held in Boston, MA, USA, on 26 August. Co-sponsored by W3C and OASIS, the forum will explore the relationships between W3C and OASIS Web services and security specifications, and give insights on future directions. Read about W3C's work in encryption, digital signatures, key management, and Web services. (Permalink)
29 July 2002: C. M. Sperberg-McQueen co-chairs and Liam Quin, Charles McCathieNevile, and Dan Connolly attend Extreme Markup Languages held 4-9 August in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. C. M. Sperberg-McQueen presents the closing talk, What matters?. On 14 August, Charles McCathieNevile lectures on Multimedia Accessibility - Current Work at the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Browse upcoming W3C appearances and events. (Permalink)
26 July 2002: The CSS Working Group has revised CSS Mobile Profile 1.0 to incorporate review suggestions, comments by implementors, and deliberations of the Working Group. The specification defines a subset of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Level 2 tailored for mobile devices such as wireless phones. Comments are welcome through January 2003. Visit the CSS home page. (Permalink)
25 July 2002: The DOM Working Group has split DOM Level 3 Abstract Schemas and Load and Save into two Working Drafts, Validation and Load and Save, and a W3C Note Abstract Schemas (the Note is no longer a work in progress). The Document Object Model (DOM) allows programs and scripts to update the content and style of documents dynamically. Comments are welcome. Read about the DOM Activity. (Permalink)
20 July 2002: The W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) received the Roland Wagner Award at the International Conference on Computers Helping People (ICCHP) on 17 July in Linz, Austria. The award was given by the Austrian Computer Society, in recognition of WAI's international contributions to making Web technologies accessible to the broadest possible audience. Learn more about Web accessibility. (Permalink)
20 July 2002: W3C has issued Exclusive XML Canonicalization as a W3C Recommendation. Produced by the joint IETF/W3C XML Signature Working Group, the specification augments the Canonical XML Recommendation to better enable a portion of an XML document to be as portable as possible while preserving the digital signature, and works with XML Signature. Read the press release and visit the XML Signature home page. (Permalink)
20 July 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the advancement of XML-Signature XPath Filter 2.0 to Candidate Recommendation. The Call for Implementations ends 8 August, and comments on implementation experience may be sent to the public comment list. The draft defines a means to digitally sign a document subset using XPath, the language for addressing parts of an XML document. Visit the XML Signature home page. (Permalink)
12 July 2002: The Document Object Model (DOM) Working Group has released a Last Call Working Draft of the DOM Level 3 Events specification. Comments are welcome through 16 August. Language and platform neutral, the system allows registration of event handlers, describes event flow through a tree structure, and provides context for each event. Read about the DOM Activity. (Permalink)
11 July 2002: Supported by the W3C UK and Ireland Office and IW3C2, the EuroWeb 2002 Conference will be held in Oxford, UK on 17-18 December 2002. The conference focus is "The Web and the GRID: from e-science to e-business." Research and position papers should be submitted by 27 September. For more information, please read the call for papers and consult the conference Web site. (Permalink)
10 July 2002: The XML Linking Working
Group has released four Working Drafts, three in Last Call. Comments
are welcome through 31 July. The XPointer Framework is an
extensible system for XML addressing and underlies additional schemes.
The element() scheme allows
basic addressing of XML elements, the xmlns() scheme is for
interpreting namespace prefixes in pointers, and xpointer() scheme
allows full XML addressing. Read about the XML
Activity. (Permalink)
9 July 2002: The Web Ontology Working Group has released an updated Working Draft of requirements for the Ontology Web Language (OWL) 1.0. Automated tools can use common sets of terms called ontologies to power services such as more accurate Web search, intelligent software agents, and knowledge management. Read about the W3C Semantic Web Activity. (Permalink)
9 July 2002: The Web Services Description Working Group has released the first public Working Draft of the Web Services Description Language 1.2 and bindings for use with SOAP 1.2, HTTP, and MIME. WSDL is an XML format for describing network services as a set of endpoints operating on messages containing either document-oriented or procedure-oriented information. Read the press release and visit the Web Services home page. (Permalink)
8 July 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the advancement of Media Queries to Candidate Recommendation. This module of the upcoming CSS3 specification proposes a registry of media types to describe what type of devices a style sheet applies to, and expressions to limit a style sheet's scope. Comments are invited. Visit the CSS home page. (Permalink)
8 July 2002: Amaya is W3C's Web browser and authoring tool. Version 6.2 is internationalized and includes more encodings. New features include easier install on Windows; a choice of typical, compact, or custom installation; German documentation thanks to Rudolf Troeller; and CSS, SVG, STIX font, and Annotea icon enhancements. Download Amaya binaries for Solaris, Linux, and Windows. Source code is available. If you are interested in annotations, visit the Annotea home page. (Permalink)
8 July 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the renewal of the Device Independence Activity through May 2004. In keeping with W3C's goals, the Device Independence Activity works to ensure seamless Web access and single Web authoring on all kinds of devices, for the benefit of Web users and content providers alike. Read the group's work items in its charter and visit the Device Independence home page. (Permalink)
2 July 2002: Browse upcoming W3C appearances and events. (Permalink)
27 June 2002: The W3C Advisory Committee has filled six open seats on the W3C Advisory Board. Created in 1998, the Advisory Board provides guidance to the Team on issues of strategy, management, legal matters, process, and conflict resolution. Beginning 1 July, the nine Advisory Board participants are Ann Bassetti (Boeing), Jim Bell (Hewlett-Packard), Carl Cargill (Sun Microsystems), Don Deutsch (Oracle), Steve Holbrook (IBM), Renato Iannella (IPR Systems), Ken Laskey (SAIC), Ora Lassila (Nokia), and Lauren Wood (Unaffiliated). Steve Zilles is the interim Advisory Board Chair. Read more about the Advisory Board in the W3C Process Document. (Permalink)
27 June 2002: The XML Protocol Working Group has released four SOAP Version 1.2 Last Call Working Drafts: the Primer, Messaging Framework, Adjuncts, and Assertions and Test Collection. Comments are welcome through 19 July. Also published are updates to SOAP Version 1.2 Usage Scenarios and XML Protocol (XMLP) Requirements. Publicly developed, SOAP Version 1.2 is a data transfer protocol designed for information exchange on the Web, using XML as its encapsulation language. Read about the Web Services Activity. (Permalink)
26 June 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the advancement of Speech Recognition Grammar to Candidate Recommendation. Speech grammars allow voice-based application authors to create rules describing what users are expected to say after listening to each application prompt. Read the press release and testimonials, and visit the Voice Browser home page. (Permalink)
20 June 2002: The joint IETF/W3C XML Signature Working Group has released a Last Call Working Draft of XML-Signature XPath Filter 2.0. Comments are welcome through 11 July. The draft defines a means to digitally sign a document subset using XPath, the language for addressing parts of an XML document. Visit the XML Signature home page. (Permalink)
19 June 2002: Registration is open for the MathML International Conference 2002 to be held in Chicago, IL, USA, on 28-30 June 2002. W3C is happy to co-sponsor this conference, whose aim is to bring together people involved in defining the future of mathematics and scientific content on the Web. Read about Math at W3C. (Permalink)
17 June 2002: W3C is pleased to co-sponsor the Web Services Conference to be held 11 July 2002 (Technology day) and 12 July (Business day) at Aoyama TEPIA in Tokyo, Japan. On 11 July, Hugo Haas, W3C Web Services Activity Lead, gives the keynote speech, and Kazuhiro Kitagawa, W3C Device Independence Activity Lead, moderates a panel discussion. Registration is open. Read about Web services. (Permalink)
12 June 2002: W3C is pleased to release the XML 1.0 (Second Edition) Conformance Test Suite, built in cooperation with NIST and formerly hosted by OASIS. The suite contains over 2000 test files that any developer can download free of cost and use to test the conformance of an XML processor to the XML Recommendation. Read the press release. (Permalink)
10 June 2002: Libwww version 5.4.0 has been released for download on the Web and by FTP. Libwww is a free, highly modular client side Web API written in C for Unix and Windows. The new version features support for WebDAV protocols, RDF parser bug fixes, and updated auto-tool files scripts. Thanks to Manuele Kirsch Pinheiro, Richard Atterer, and many others for their contributions. To carry on this work, a project coordinator, a documentation maintainer, and other volunteers are needed. Please write to the www-lib@w3.org mailing list. (Permalink)
5 June 2002: W3C is pleased to announce the advancement of the Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 HTML Specification to Candidate Recommendation. Comments are welcome through 1 July. The sixth component of DOM Level 2, DOM2 HTML is a set of interfaces used to manipulate the structure and contents of HTML and XHTML documents. Read more about the DOM Activity. (Permalink)
4 June 2002: The Web Services Description Working Group has released the first public Working Draft of Web Service Description Usage Scenarios. The document is part of W3C development of a language used to describe interfaces to Web services and how to interact with them. Comments are welcome. Read about the Web Services Activity. (Permalink)
29 May 2002: On Friday, 31 May, power at the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) will be turned off at approximately 8:00 p.m. Eastern (0:00Z 1 June) to complete retooling of the building's power configuration. All services will be suspended and the site will be accessible in a read-only state. Mail sent to W3C archives will be queued, and posted when the power is restored. Power is expected to return by 5:00 p.m. Saturday, 1 June (21:00Z). We apologize for the inconvenience. (Permalink)
28 May 2002: Vincent Quint presents Documents structurés sur le Web (in French) at IDT/net 2002 in Paris, France. On 5 June, Tatsuya Hagino presents W3C Technology on Metadata (PDF in Japanese) at the JAGAT seminar in Tokyo, Japan. On 15 June, Karl Dubost presents Les standards Web? Ah non, jamais! in Montréal, Quebec, Canada. On 18 June, Judy Brewer and Wendy Chisholm present a 1/2 day tutorial, Web Accessibility: Technology and Policy for an Inclusive Future, at INET 2002 in Arlington, VA, near Washington, D.C., USA. On 20 June, Daniel J. Weitzner participates in the Panel on Private Governance: Perils and Prospects for Self-Regulation (G-2), also at INET 2002. On 30 June, Vincent Quint and Irčne Vatton present MathML in e-Learning with Amaya<