Please refer to the errata for this document, which may include some normative corrections.
See also translations .
This document is also available in these non-normative formats: ODD/XML document , self-contained zipped
archive , and XHTML Diff markup
to previous publication 2013-08-20 2013-09-24 .
Copyright © 2013 W3C ® ( MIT , ERCIM , Keio , Beihang ), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability , trademark and document use rules apply.
The technology described in this document “ Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) 2.0 “ enhances the foundation to integrate automated processing of human language into core Web technologies. ITS 2.0 bears many commonalities with its predecessor, ITS 1.0 but provides additional concepts that are designed to foster the automated creation and processing of multilingual Web content. ITS 2.0 focuses on HTML, XML-based formats in general, and can leverage processing based on the XML Localization Interchange File Format (XLIFF), as well as the Natural Language Processing Interchange Format (NIF).
This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.
The technology described in this document “ Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) 2.0 “ enhances the foundation to integrate automated processing of human language into core Web technologies. ITS 2.0 bears many commonalities with is predecessor, ITS 1.0 but provides additional concepts that are designed to foster the automated creation and processing of multilingual Web content. ITS 2.0 focuses on HTML, XML-based formats in general, and can leverage processing based on the XML Localization Interchange File Format (XLIFF), as well as the Natural Language Processing Interchange Format (NIF).
This document was published by the MultilingualWeb-LT Working
Group as a Proposed Recommendation. Comments submitted
against the previous Last Call specification are consolidated in a comment
tracking W3C Recommendation (see W3C document . All of the comments resulted in
non-normative changes to the specification. maturity
levels ). The Working Group has completed and
approved this specification's Test Suite and created an
Implementation Report that shows that two or more independent implementations
pass each test. The Working Group expects to advance
this
This document to Recommendation
status (see has been reviewed by W3C Members, by software developers, and by other W3C groups and interested
parties, and is endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a
stable document maturity levels ). and may be used as reference material or cited from another document.
W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and
to promote its widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and
interoperability of the Web.
The ITS 2.0 specification has a normative dependency on the HTML5 specification:
it relies on the HTML5
Translate attribute . By publishing this ITS 2.0
Proposed Recommendation, W3C expects that the functionality specified in
this ITS 2.0 Recommendation
will not be affected by changes to HTML5 as HTML5
that specification proceeds to Recommendation.
The W3C Membership and other interested parties are
invited If you wish to review
the document and make comments, please send
comments them to public-multilingualweb-lt-comments@w3.org public-i18n-its-ig@w3.org . Use "Comment
on ITS 2.0 specification WD" in the subject line of your email. The archives for this list
are publicly available. Advisory Committee Representatives
should consult their WBS questionnaires . The deadline for review and comments is 22
October 2013. See also issues discussed within the MultilingualWeb-LT Working Group and the list of changes since the previous publication . Publication as a Proposed Recommendation does not imply
endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated,
replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite
this document as other than work in progress. publication.
This document was produced by a group operating under the 5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy . W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy .
This section is informative.
Content or software that is authored in one language (so-called source language) for one locale (e.g. the French-speaking part of Canada) is often made available in additional languages or adapted with regard to other cultural aspects. A prevailing paradigm for multilingual production in many cases encompasses three phases: internationalization, translation, and localization (see the W3C's Internationalization Q&A for more information related to these concepts).
From the viewpoints of feasibility, cost, and efficiency, it is important that the original material is suitable for downstream phases such as translation. This is achieved by appropriate design and development. The corresponding phase is referred to as internationalization. A proprietary XML vocabulary may be internationalized by defining special markup to specify directionality in mixed direction text.
During the translation phase, the meaning of a source language text is analyzed, and a target language text that is equivalent in meaning is determined. For example national or international laws may regulate linguistic dimensions like mandatory terminology or standard phrases in order to promote or ensure a translation's fidelity.
Although an agreed-upon definition of the localization phase is missing, this phase is usually seen as encompassing activities such as creating locale-specific content (e.g. adding a link for a country-specific reseller), or modifying functionality (e.g. to establish a fit with country-specific regulations for financial reporting). Sometimes, the insertion of special markup to support a local language or script is also subsumed under the localization phase. For example, people authoring in languages such as Arabic, Hebrew, Persian or Urdu need special markup to specify directionality in mixed direction text.
The technology described in this document – the Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) 2.0 addresses some of the challenges and opportunities related to internationalization, translation, and localization. ITS 2.0 in particular contributes to concepts in the realm of metadata for internationalization, translation, and localization related to core Web technologies such as XML. ITS does for example assist in production scenarios, in which parts of an XML-based document are to be excluded from translation. ITS 2.0 bears many commonalities with its predecessor, ITS 1.0 but provides additional concepts that are designed to foster enhanced automated processing – e.g. based on language technology such as entity recognition – related to multilingual Web content.
Like ITS 1.0, ITS 2.0 both identifies concepts (such as “Translate†), and
defines implementations of these concepts (termed “ITS data categoriesâ€) as a set
of elements and attributes called the Internationalization Tag Set (ITS)
. The definitions of ITS elements and attributes are provided in the form of
RELAX NG [RELAX NG] (normative). Since one major step from ITS 1.0 to ITS
2.0 relates to coverage for HTML, ITS 2.0 also establishes a relationship between
ITS markup and the various HTML flavors. Furthermore, ITS 2.0 suggests when and
how to leverage processing based on the XML Localization Interchange File Format
( [XLIFF 1.2] and [XLIFF 2.0] ), as well as the Natural Language Processing Interchange Format
well as the Natural Language Processing Interchange
Format [NIF] .
For the purpose of an introductory illustration, here is a series of examples related to the question, how ITS can indicate that certain parts of a document are not intended for translation.
In this document it is difficult to distinguish
between those string
elements that are intended for translation and those that are not to
be translated. Explicit metadata is needed to resolve the issue.
"color: #000096"><resources> "color: #000096"><section id="Homepage"> "color: #000096"><arguments> "color: #000096"><string>page</string> "color: #000096"><string>childlist</string> "color: #000096"></arguments> "color: #000096"><variables> "color: #000096"><string>POLICY</string> "color: #000096"><string>Corporate Policy</string> "color: #000096"></variables> "color: #000096"><keyvalue_pairs> "color: #000096"><string>Page</string> "color: #000096"><string>ABC Corporation - Policy Repository</string> "color: #000096"><string>Footer_Last</string> "color: #000096"><string>Pages</string> "color: #000096"><string>bgColor</string> "color: #000096"><string>NavajoWhite</string> "color: #000096"><string>title</string> "color: #000096"><string>List of Available Policies</string> "color: #000096"></keyvalue_pairs> "color: #000096"></section> "color: #000096"></resources>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-motivation-its-1.xml ]
ITS proposes several mechanisms, which differ among others in terms of the usage scenario/user types for which the mechanism is most suitable.
ITS provides two mechanisms to explicitly associate metadata with one or
more pieces of content (e.g. XML nodes): a global , rule-based approach as well as
a local , attribute-based
approached. Here, for instance, a translateRule
first specifies that only every second
element inside keyvalue_pairs
is intended for translation; later,
an ITS translate
attribute specifies that
one of these elements is not to be translated.
one of these elements is not to be translated.
"color: #000096"><resources xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//arguments" translate="no"/> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//keyvalue_pairs/string[(position() mod 2)=1]" translate="no"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><section id="Homepage"> "color: #000096"><arguments> "color: #000096"><string>page</string> "color: #000096"><string>childlist</string> "color: #000096"></arguments> "color: #000096"><variables> "color: #000096"><string its:translate="no">POLICY</string> "color: #000096"><string>Corporate Policy</string> "color: #000096"></variables> "color: #000096"><keyvalue_pairs> "color: #000096"><string>Page</string> "color: #000096"><string>ABC Corporation - Policy Repository</string> "color: #000096"><string>Footer_Last</string> "color: #000096"><string>Pages</string> "color: #000096"><string>bgColor</string> "color: #000096"><string its:translate='no'>NavajoWhite</string> "color: #000096"><string>title</string> "color: #000096"><string>List of Available Policies</string> "color: #000096"></keyvalue_pairs> "color: #000096"></section> "color: #000096"></resources>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-motivation-its-2.xml ]
The basics of ITS 1.0 are simple:
Provide metadata (e.g. “Do not translateâ€) to assist internationalization-related processes
Use XPath (so-called global approach ) to
associate metadata with specific XML nodes (e.g. all elements named
uitext
) or put the metadata straight onto the XML nodes
themselves (so-called local approach
)
Work with a well-defined set of metadata categories or values (e.g. only the values "yes" and "no" for certain data categories)
Take advantage of existing metadata (e.g. terms already marked up with
HTML markup such as dt
)
This conciseness made real-world deployment of ITS 1.0 easy. The deployments helped to identify additional metadata categories for internationalization-related processes. The ITS Interest Group for example compiled a list of additional data categories (see this related summary ). Some of these were then defined in ITS 2.0: ID Value , local Elements Within Text , Preserve Space , and Locale Filter . Others are still discussed as requirements for possible future versions of ITS:
“Context†= What specific related information might be helpful?
“Automated Language†= Does this content lend itself to automatic processing?
The real-world deployments also helped to understand that for the Open Web Platform – the ITS 1.0 restriction to XML was an obstacle for quite a number of environments. What was missing was, for example, the following:
Applicability of ITS to formats such as HTML in general, and HTML5 in particular
Easy use of ITS in various Web-exposed (multilingual) Natural Language Processing contexts
Computer-supported linguistic quality assurance
Content Management and translation platforms
Cross-language scenarios
Content enrichment
Support for W3C provenance [PROV-DM] , “information about entities, activities, and people involved in producing a piece of data or thing, which can be used to form assessments about its quality, reliability or trustworthinessâ€
Provisions for extended deployment in Semantic Web/Linked Open Data scenarios
ITS 2.0 was created by an alliance of stakeholders who are involved in content for global use. Thus, ITS 2.0 was developed with input from/with a view towards the following:
Providers of content management and machine translation solutions who want to easily integrate for efficient content updates in multilingual production chains
Language technology providers who want to automatically enrich content (e.g. via term candidate generation, entity recognition or disambiguation) in order to facilitate human translation
Open standards endeavours (e.g. related to [XLIFF 1.2] , [XLIFF 2.0] and [NIF] ) that are interested for example in information sharing, and lossless roundtrip of metadata in localization workflows
One example outcome of the resulting synergies is the ITS Tool Annotation mechanism. It addresses the provenance-related requirement by allowing ITS processors to leave a trace: ITS processors can basically say “It is me that generated this bit of informationâ€. Another example are the [NIF] related details of ITS 2.0, which provide a non-normative approach to couple Natural Language Processing with concepts of the Semantic Web.
The [ITS 1.0] introduction states: “ITS is a technology to easily create XML, which is internationalized and can be localized effectivelyâ€. In order to make this tangible, ITS 1.0 provided examples for users and usages . Implicitly, these examples carried the information that ITS covers two areas: one that is related to the static dimension of mono-lingual content, and one that is related to the dynamic dimension of multilingual production.
Static mono-lingual (for example, the area of content authors): This part of the content has the directionality “right-to-leftâ€.
Dynamic multilingual: (for example, the area of machine translation systems): This part of the content has to be left untranslated.
Although ITS 1.0 made no assumptions about possible phases in a multilingual production process chain, it was slanted towards a simple three phase “write→internationalize→translate†model. Even a birds-eye-view at ITS 2.0 shows that ITS 2.0 explicitly targets a much more comprehensive model for multilingual content production. The model comprises support for multilingual content production phases such as:
Internationalization
Pre-production (e.g. related to marking terminology)
Automated content enrichment (e.g. automatic hyperlinking for entities)
Extraction/filtering of translation-relevant content
Segmentation
Leveraging (e.g. of existing translation-related assets such as translation memories)
Machine Translation (e.g. geared towards a specific domain)
Quality assessment or control of source language or target language content
Generation of translation kits (e.g. packages based on XLIFF)
Post-production
Publishing
The document [MLW US IMPL] lists a large variety of usage scenarios for ITS 2.0. Most of them are composed from the aforementioned phases.
In a similar vein, ITS 2.0 takes a much more comprehensive view on the actors that may participate in a multilingual content production process. ITS 1.0 annotations (e.g. local markup for the Terminology data category) most of the time were conceived as being closely tied to human actors such as content authors or information architects. ITS 2.0 raises non-human actors such as word processors/editors, content management systems, machine translation systems, term candidate generators, entity identifiers/disambiguators to the same level. This change among others is reflected by the ITS 2.0 Tool Annotation , which allows systems to record that they have processed a certain part of content.
The differences between ITS 1.0 and ITS 2.0 can be summarized as follows.
Coverage of [HTML5] : ITS 1.0 can
be applied to XML content. ITS 2.0 extends the coverage to [HTML5] . Explanatory details about ITS 2.0 and [HTML5] are given in Section 2.5: Specific
2.5: Specific HTML support .
Addition of data categories : ITS 2.0 provides additional data
categories and modifies existing ones. A summary of all ITS 2.0 data categories
is given in Section
2.1: Data 2.1: Data Categories .
Modification of data categories :
ITS 1.0 provided the Ruby data category . ITS 2.0 does not provide ruby because at the time of writing the ruby model in HTML5 was still under development. Once these discussions are settled, the Ruby data category possibly will be reintroduced, in a subsequent version of ITS.
The Directionality data category reflects directionality markup in [HTML 4.01] . The reason is that enhancements are being discussed in the context of HTML5 that are expected to change the approach to marking up directionality, in particular to support content whose directionality needs to be isolated from that of surrounding content. However, these enhancements are not finalized yet. They will be reflected in a future revision of ITS.
Additional or modified mechanisms: The following mechanisms from ITS 1.0 have been modified or added to ITS 2.0:
ITS 1.0 used only XPath as the mechanism for selecting nodes in global rules . ITS 2.0 allows for choosing the query language of selectors . The default is XPath 1.0. An ITS 2.0 processor is free to support other selection mechanisms, like CSS selectors or other versions of XPath.
In global rules it is now possible to set
variables for the selectors (XPath expression). The
param
element serves this purpose.
ITS 2.0 has an ITS Tools Annotation
mechanism to associate processor information with the use of individual data
categories. See Section
2.6: Traceability 2.6: Traceability for details.
Mappings: ITS 2.0 provides a non-normative algorithm to convert ITS
2.0 information into [NIF] and links to guidance about how to relate ITS 2.0 to
XLIFF. See Section 2.7: Mapping 2.7: Mapping
and conversion for details.
Changes to the conformance section : The Section 4: Conformance
4: Conformance tells implementers how to
implement ITS. For ITS 2.0, the conformance statements related to Ruby have been
removed. For [HTML5] , a dedicated conformance
section has been created. Finally, a conformance clause related to Non-ITS
elements and attributes has been added.
As a general guidance, implementations of ITS 2.0 are encouraged to use a normalizing transcoder . It converts from a legacy encoding to a Unicode encoding form and ensures that the result is in Unicode Normalization Form C. Further information on the topic of Unicode normalization is provided in [Charmod Norm] .
This section is informative.
The purpose of this section is to provide basic knowledge about how ITS 2.0 works. Detailed knowledge (including formal definitions) is given in the subsequent sections.
A key concept of ITS is the abstract notion of data categories . Data categories define the information that can be conveyed via ITS. An example is the Translate data category. It conveys information about translatability of content.
Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories defines data
categories. It also describes their implementation, i.e. ways to use them for
example in an XML context. The motivation for separating data category
definitions from their implementation is to enable different implementations with
the following characteristics:
For various types of content (XML in general or HTML ).
For a single piece of content, e.g. a p
element. This is the
so-called local approach .
For several pieces of content in one document or even a set of documents. This is the so-called global approach .
For a complete markup vocabulary. This is done by adding ITS markup declarations to the schema for the vocabulary.
ITS 2.0 provides the following data categories:
Translate : expresses information about whether a selected piece of content is intended for translation or not.
Localization Note : communicates notes to localizers about a particular item of content.
Terminology : marks terms and optionally associates them with information, such as definitions or references to a term data base.
Directionality : specifies the base writing direction of blocks, embeddings and overrides for the Unicode bidirectional algorithm.
Language Information : expresses the language of a given piece of content.
Elements Within Text: expresses how content of an element is related to the text flow (constitutes its own segment like paragraphs, is part of a segment like emphasis marker etc.).
Domain : identifies the topic or subject of the annotated content for translation-related applications.
Text Analysis : annotates content with lexical or conceptual information (e.g. for the purpose of contextual disambiguation).
Locale Filter : specifies that a piece of content is only applicable to certain locales.
Provenance : communicates the identity of agents that have been involved processing content.
External Resource : indicates reference points in a resource outside the document that need to be considered during localization or translation. Examples of such resources are external images and audio or video files.
Target Pointer : associates the markup node of a given source content (i.e. the content to be translated) and the markup node of its corresponding target content (i.e. the source content translated into a given target language). This is relevant for formats that hold the same content in different languages inside a single document.
Id Value : identifies a value that can be used as unique identifier for a given part of the content.
Preserve Space : indicates how whitespace is to be handled in content.
Localization Quality Issue : describes the nature and severity of an error detected during a language-oriented quality assurance (QA) process.
Localization Quality Rating : expresses an overall measurement of the localization quality of a document or an item in a document.
MT Confidence : indicates the confidence that MT systems provide about their translation.
Allowed Characters : specifies the characters that are permitted in a given piece of content.
Storage Size : specifies the maximum storage size of a given piece of content.
Most of the existing ITS 1.0 data categories are included and new ones have
been added. Modifications of existing ITS 1.0 data categories are summarized in
Section
1.4: High-level 1.4: High-level differences between ITS 1.0 and ITS 2.0
.
Information (e.g. “translate thisâ€) captured by an ITS data category always
pertains to one or more XML or HTML nodes, primarily element and attribute nodes.
In a sense, the relevant node(s) get “selectedâ€. Selection may be explicit or
implicit. ITS distinguishes two mechanisms for explicit selection: (1) local and
(2) global (via rules
). Both local and
global approaches can interact with each other, and with additional ITS
dimensions such as inheritance and defaults.
The mechanisms defined for ITS selection resemble those defined in [CSS 2.1] . The local approach can be compared to the
style
attribute in HTML/XHTML, and the global approach is similar to
the style
element in HTML/XHTML:
The local approach puts ITS markup in the relevant element of the host
vocabulary (e.g. the author
element in DocBook)
The global rule-based approach puts the
ITS markup in elements defined by ITS itself (namely the rules
element)
ITS usually uses XPath in rules for identifying nodes although CSS Selectors and other query languages can in addition be implemented by applications.
ITS 2.0 can be used with XML documents (e.g. a DocBook article), HTML documents, document schemas (e.g. an XML Schema document for a proprietary document format), or data models in RDF.
The following two examples provide more details about the distinction between the local and global approach, using the Translate data category as an example.
The document in Example 3 shows how a content author can use the ITS translate
attribute to indicate that all content inside the
author
element
is not intended for translation (i.e. has to be left untranslated). Translation
tools that are aware of the meaning of the attribute can protect the relevant
content from being translated (possibly still allowing translators to see the
protected content as context information).
"color: #000096"><article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" "color: #F5844C">xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" "color: #F5844C">its:version="2.0" version="5.0" xml:lang="en"> "color: #000096"><info> "color: #000096"><title>An example article</title> "color: #000096"><author its:translate="no"> "color: #000096"><personname> "color: #000096"><firstname>John</firstname> "color: #000096"><surname>Doe</surname> "color: #000096"></personname> "color: #000096"><affiliation> "color: #000096"><address><email>foo@example.com</email></address> "color: #000096"></affiliation> "color: #000096"></author> "color: #000096"></info> "color: #000096"><para>This is a short article.</para> "color: #000096"></article>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-basic-concepts-1.xml ]
For the local approach (and Example 3 )
to work for a whole markup vocabulary, a schema developer would need to add the
translate
attribute to the schema as a
common attribute or on all the relevant element definitions. The example
indicates that inheritance plays a part
in identifying which content does have to be translated and which does not:
Although only the author
element is marked as “do not translateâ€,
its descendants ( personname
, firstname
,
surname
) are considered to be implicitly marked as well. Tools
that process this content for translation need to implement the expected
inheritance.
For XML content, the local
approach cannot be applied to a particular attribute. If ITS needs to be
applied to a particular attribute, the global approach has to be used. The
local approach applies to content of the current element and all its inherited
nodes as described in Section 8.1: Position, 8.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance, and Overriding of
Data Categories . For the Translate data
category used in [HTML5] , this is
different, see the explanation of the HTML5
definition of Translate .
The document in Example 4 shows a
different approach to identifying non-translatable content, similar to that
used with a style
element in [XHTML 1.0] , but using an ITS-defined element called
rules
. It works as follows: A document
can contain a rules
element (placed where
it does not impact the structure of the document, e.g., in a “head†section, or
even outside of the document itself). The rules
element contains one or more ITS children/rule
elements (for example translateRule
).
Each of these children elements contains a selector
attribute. As its name suggests, this
attribute selects the node or nodes to which the corresponding ITS information
pertains. The values of ITS selector
attributes are XPath absolute location paths (or CSS Selectors if queryLanguage
is set to "css"). Via the param
element
variables can be provided and used in selectors.
Information for the handling of namespaces in XPath expressions is taken
from namespace declarations as an abstract concept for a
particular type of information for internationalization and localization of XML
schemas and documents. [XML Names] in the current rule element.
"color: #000096"><myTopic xmlns="http://mynsuri.example.com" id="topic01" xml:lang="en-us"> "color: #000096"><prolog> "color: #000096"><title>Using ITS</title> "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//n:term" translate="no" xmlns:n="http://mynsuri.example.com"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"></prolog> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p>ITS defines <term>data category</term> as an abstract concept for a particular type of information for internationalization and localization of XML schemas and documents.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></myTopic>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-basic-concepts-2.xml ]
For the global approach (and Example 4 )
to work, a schema developer may need to add a rules
element and associated markup to the schema. In
some cases, global rules may be sufficient and other ITS markup (such as an
translate
attribute on the elements and
attributes) may not be needed in the schema. However, it is likely that authors
may need the local approach from time to time to override the general rule.
For specification of the Translate data
category information, the contents of the translateRule
element would normally be designed by an
information architect familiar with the document format and familiar with, or
working with someone familiar with, the needs of localization/translation.
The global, rule-based approach has the following benefits:
Content authors do not have to concern themselves with creating
additional markup or verifying that the markup was applied correctly. ITS
data categories are associated with sets of nodes (for example all
p
elements in an XML instance)
Changes can be made in a single location, rather than by searching and
modifying local markup throughout a document (or documents, if the
rules
element is stored as an external
entity)
ITS data categories can designate attribute values (as well as elements)
It is possible to associate ITS markup with existing markup (for example
the term
element in DITA)
The commonality in both examples above is the markup
translate='no'
. This piece of ITS markup can be interpreted as
follows:
it pertains to the Translate data category
the attribute translate
holds a
value of "no"
The power of the ITS selection mechanisms comes at a price: rules related to overriding/precedence and inheritance have to be established.
The document in Example 5 shows how
inheritance and overriding work for the to start a
dissertation on the origin of modern novel without mentioning the Epic of
Gilgamesh and overriding work for the Translate data category:
The ITS default is that all elements are translatable.
The translateRule
element declared
in the header overrides the default for the head
element inside text and
for all its children.
Because the title
element is actually
translatable, the global rule needs to be overridden by a local
its:translate="yes"
.
In the body of the document the default applies,
and its:translate="no"
is used to set "faux pas" as
non-translatable.
"color: #000096"><text xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><revision>Sep-10-2006 v5</revision> "color: #000096"><author>Ealasaidh McIan</author> "color: #000096"><contact>ealasaidh@hogw.ac.uk</contact> "color: #000096"><title its:translate="yes">The Origins of Modern Novel</title> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule translate="no" selector="/text/head"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><div xml:id="intro"> "color: #000096"><head>Introduction</head> "color: #000096"><p>It would certainly be quite a <span its:translate="no">faux pas</span> to start a dissertation on the origin of modern novel without mentioning the <tl>Epic of Gilgamesh</tl>...</p> "color: #000096"></div> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></text>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-basic-concepts-3.xml ]
For XML content, data category specific
defaults are provided. These are independent of the actual XML markup
vocabulary. Example for the Translate data category:
translate="yes"
for elements, and translate="no"
for
attributes.
For [HTML5] , several HTML5 elements and
attributes map exactly to ITS 2.0 data categories. Hence that HTML markup is
normatively interpreted as ITS 2.0 data category information (see Section 2.5.3: HTML 2.5.3: HTML
markup with ITS 2.0 counterparts for more information).
Data categories can add information or point to information for the selected
nodes. For example, the Localization Note data
category can add information to selected nodes (using a locNote
element), or point to existing information
elsewhere in the document (using a locNotePointer
attribute).
The data category overview table , in
Section 8.1: Position, 8.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance, and Overriding of
Data Categories , provides an overview of which data categories allow the
addition of information and which allow to point to existing information.
Adding information and pointing to existing information are mutually exclusive ; attributes for adding information and attributes for pointing to the same information are not allowed to appear at the same rule element.
For applying ITS 2.0 data categories to HTML, five aspects are of importance:
Global approach in HTML5
Local Approach
HTML markup with ITS 2.0 counterparts
Standoff markup in HTML5
Version of HTML
In the following sections these aspects are briefly discussed.
To account for the so-called global approach in HTML, this
specification (see Section
6.2: Global 6.2: Global rules ) defines:
A link type for referring to external files with global rules from a
link
element.
An approach to have inline global rules in the HTML script
element.
It is preferable to use external global rules linked via the
link
element rather than to have inline global rules in the HTML
document. The advantage is in being able to reuse the same rules file for many
documents and also inline rules require secondary parsing of the
script
element.
The link
element points to the rules file
EX-translateRule-html5-1.xml
The rel
attribute
identifies the ITS specific link relation
the ITS specific link relation its-rules
.
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> <html>This sentence should be translated, but code names like the element should not be translated."color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Translate flag global rules example</title> "color: #000096"><link href=EX-translateRule-html5-1.xml rel=its-rules> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p>This sentence should be translated, but code names like the <code>span</code> element should not be translated. Of course there are always exceptions: certain code values should be translated, e.g. to a valuein your language like </html>in your language like <code translate=yes>warning</code>.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-translate-html5-global-1.html ]
The rules file linked in Example 6 .
<its:rules version = "2.0" xmlns:its = "http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" xmlns:h = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > <its:translateRule translate = "no" selector = "//h:code" /> </its:rules>"color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" "color: #F5844C">xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule translate="no" selector="//h:code"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-translateRule-html5-1.xml ]
The script
element contains the same rules as the external
rules file EX-translateRule-html5-1.xml
in the above
example .
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> <html>This sentence should be translated, but code names like the element should not be translated."color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Translate flag global rules example</title> "color: #000096"><script type=application/its+xml id=ru1> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" "color: #F5844C">xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule translate="no" selector="//h:code"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"></script> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p>This sentence should be translated, but code names like the <code>span</code> element should not be translated. Of course there are always exceptions: certain code values should be translated, e.g. to a value inyour language like </html>your language like <code translate=yes>warning</code>.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-translate-html5-inline-global-1.html ]
In HTML, an ITS 2.0 local data category is realized with the prefix
its-
. The general mapping of the XML based ITS 2.0 attributes to
their HTML counterparts is defined in Section 6.1: Mapping
6.1: Mapping of Local Data Categories to
HTML . An informative table in Appendix I: List I: List of ITS
2.0 Global Elements and Local Attributes provides an overview of the
mapping for all data categories.
There are four ITS 2.0 data categories, which have counterparts in HTML markup. In these cases, native HTML markup provides some information in terms of ITS 2.0 data categories. For these data categories, ITS 2.0 defines the following:
The Language Information data
category has the HTML lang
attribute as a counterpart. In
XHTML the counterpart is the xml:lang
attribute. These HTML
attributes act as local markup for the Language Information data category in HTML and
take precedence over language
information conveyed via a global langRule
.
The Id Value data category has the HTML or XHTML
id
attribute as counterpart. This HTML attribute acts as local
markup for the Id Value data category in HTML and
takes precedence over identifier
information conveyed via a global idValueRule
.
The Elements within Text data
category has a set of HTML elements (the so-called phrasing
content ) as counterpart. In the absence of an Elements within Text local attribute or global
rules selecting the element in question, most of the phrasing content
elements are interpreted as withinText="yes"
by default. The
phrasing content elements iframe
,
noscript
, script
and textarea
are interpreted as
withinText="nested"
.
The Translate data
category has a direct counterpart in [HTML5] , namely the [HTML5] translate
attribute. ITS 2.0 does not
define its own behavior for [HTML5]
translate
, but just refers to
the HTML5 definition . That definition also applies to nodes selected
via global rules. That is, a translateRule
like <its:translateRule
selector="//h:img" translate="yes"/>
will set the
img
element and its translatable attributes like
alt
to "yes".
The lang
attribute of the html
element conveys
the Language Information value "en". The
id
attribute of the p
element conveys the Id Value "p1". The elements em
and
img
are interpreted to be withinText="yes"
. The
p
element and its children are set to be non-translatable via an
[HTML5] and image:
</html> translate
attribute. Via inheritance, the alt
attribute, normally
translatable by default, also is non-translatable.
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> "color: #000096"><html lang=en> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>HTML native markup expressing three ITS 2.0 data categories</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p id="p1" translate="no">This is a <em>motherboard</em> and image: "color: #000096"><img src="http://example.com/myimg.png" alt="My image"/>.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-its-and-existing-HTML5-markup.html ]
There are also some HTML markup elements that have or can have similar, but
not necessarily identical, roles and behaviors as certain ITS 2.0 data
categories. For example, the HTML dfn
element could be used to
identify a term in the sense of the Terminology data
category. However, this is not always the case and it depends on the intentions
of the HTML content author. To accommodate this situation, users of ITS 2.0 are
encouraged to specify the semantics of existing HTML markup in an ITS 2.0
context with a dedicated global rules file. For example, a rule can be used to
define that the HTML dfn
has the semantics of ITS
term="yes"
. For additional examples, see the XML
I18N Best Practices document.
The Provenance and the Localization Quality Issue data categories allow for using
so-called standoff markup, see the XML Example 58 . In HTML such standoff markup is
placed into a script
element. If this is done, the constraints for
Provenance standoff
markup in HTML and Localization quality issue markup
in HTML need to be taken into account. Examples of standoff markup in HTML for
the two data categories are Example
61 and Example 76 .
ITS 2.0 does not define how to use ITS in HTML versions prior to version 5.
Users are thus encouraged to migrate their content to [HTML5] or XHTML. While it is possible to use its-*
attributes introduced for [HTML5] in older
versions of HTML (such as 3.2 or 4.01) and pages using these attributes will
work without any problems, its-*
attributes will be marked as
invalid by validators.
The ITS Tools Annotation mechanism allows
processor information to be associated with individual data categories in a
document, independently from data category annotations themselves (e.g. the
Entity Type related to Text Analysis). The mechanism associates identifiers for
tools with data categories via the annotatorsRef
attribute (or annotators-ref in [HTML5] ) and is
mandatory for the MT Confidence data category. For
the Terminology and Text
Analysis data categories the ITS Tools Annotation is mandatory if the data
categories provide confidence information. Nevertheless, ITS Tools Annotation can be used for all data
categories. Example 23 demonstrates the
usage in the context of several data categories.
ITS 2.0 provides a non-normative algorithm to convert XML or HTML documents (or their DOM representations) that contain ITS metadata to the RDF format based on [NIF] . NIF is an RDF/OWL-based format that aims at interoperability between Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, language resources and annotations.
The conversion from ITS 2.0 to NIF results in RDF triples. These triples represent the textual content of the original document as RDF typed information. The ITS annotation is represented as properties of content-related triples and relies on an ITS RDF vocabulary .
The back conversion from NIF to ITS 2.0 is defined informatively as well. One motivation for the back conversion is a roundtrip workflow like: 1) conversion to NIF 2) in NIF representation detection of named entities using NLP tools 3) back conversion to HTML and generation of Text Analysis markup. The outcome are HTML documents with linked information, see Example 52 .
The XML Localization Interchange File Format [XLIFF 1.2] is an OASIS standard that enables translatable source text and its translation to be passed between different tools within localization and translation workflows. [XLIFF 2.0] is the successor of [XLIFF 1.2] and under development. XLIFF has been widely implemented in various translation management systems, computer aided translation tools and in utilities for extracting translatable content from source documents and merging back the content in the target language.
The mapping between ITS and XLIFF therefore unpins underpins several important
ITS 2.0 usage scenarios [MLW US IMPL] . These usage scenarios
involve:
the extraction of ITS metadata from a source language file into XLIFF
the addition of ITS metadata into an XLIFF file by translation tools
the mapping of ITS metadata in an XLIFF file into ITS metadata in the resulting target language files.
ITS 2.0 has no normative dependency on XLIFF, however a non-normative definition of how to represent ITS 2.0 data categories in XLIFF 1.2 or XLIFF 2.0 is being defined within the Internationalization Tag Set Interest Group .
What does it mean to implement ITS 2.0? This specification provides several
conformance clauses as the normative answer (see Section 4: Conformance
4: Conformance ). The clauses target
different types of implementers:
Conformance clauses in Section 4.1: Conformance 4.1: Conformance Type 1: ITS Markup Declarations
tell markup vocabulary developers how to add ITS 2.0 markup declarations to
their schemas.
Conformance clauses in Section 4.2: Conformance 4.2: Conformance Type 2: The Processing Expectations
for ITS Markup tell implementers how to process XML content according to
ITS 2.0 data categories.
Conformance clauses in Section 4.3: Conformance 4.3: Conformance Type 3: Processing Expectations for
ITS Markup in HTML tell implementers how to process [HTML5] content.
Conformance clauses in Section 4.4: Conformance 4.4: Conformance Type 4: Markup conformance for
HTML5+ITS documents tell implementers how ITS 2.0 markup is integrated
into [HTML5] .
The conformance clauses in Section 4.2: Conformance 4.2: Conformance Type 2: The Processing Expectations for
ITS Markup and Section 4.3: Conformance 4.3: Conformance Type 3: Processing Expectations for ITS
Markup in HTML clarify how information needs to be made available for given
pieces of markup when processing a dedicated ITS 2.0 data category. To allow for
flexibility, an implementation can choose whether it wants to support only ITS
2.0 global or local information, or XML or HTML content. These choices are
reflected in separate conformance clauses and also in the ITS 2.0 test suite .
ITS 2.0 processing expectations only define which information needs to be made available. They do not define how that information actually is to be used. This is due to the fact that there is a wide variety of usage scenarios for ITS 2.0, and a wide variety of tools for working with ITS 2.0 is possible. Each of these tools may have its own way of using ITS 2.0 data categories (see [MLW US IMPL] for more information).
This section is normative.
The keywords “MUSTâ€, “MUST NOTâ€, “REQUIREDâ€, “SHALLâ€, “SHALL NOTâ€, “SHOULDâ€, “SHOULD NOTâ€, “RECOMMENDEDâ€, “MAYâ€, and “OPTIONAL†in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119] .
The namespace URI that MUST be used by implementations of this specification is:
http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its
The namespace prefix used in this specification for
XML implementations of ITS for the above URI is its
. It is
recommended that XML implementations of this specification use this prefix,
unless there is existing dedicated markup in use for a given data category. In
HTML there is no namespace prefix: its-
is used instead to indicate
ITS 2.0 attributes in HTML documents. See Section 6.1: Mapping
6.1: Mapping of Local Data Categories to
HTML for details.
In addition, the following namespaces are used in this document:
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
for the XML Schema
namespace, here used with the prefix xs
http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink
for the XLink namespace, here
used with the prefix xlink
http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml
for the HTML namespace, here
used with the prefix h
[ Definition : ITS defines data category as an abstract concept for a particular type of information for internationalization and localization of XML schemas and documents.] The concept of a data category is independent of its implementation in an XML and HTML environment (e.g., using an element or attribute).
For each data category, ITS distinguishes between the following:
the prose description, see Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories
schema language-independent formalization, see the "implementation"
subsections in Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories
schema language-specific implementations, see Appendix D: Schemas
D: Schemas for ITS
The Translate data category conveys information as to whether a piece of content is intended for translation or not.
The simplest formalization of this prose description on a schema
language-independent level is a translate
attribute with two possible values: "yes" and "no". An implementation on a
schema language-specific level would be the declaration of the translate
attribute in, for example, an XML Schema
document or a RELAX NG document. A different implementation would be a
translateRule
element that allows for
specifying global rules about the Translate data category.
[ Definition : selection encompasses
mechanisms to specify to what parts of an XML or HTML document an ITS data
category and its values apply.] Selection is discussed in detail in Section 5: Processing 5: Processing of ITS information . Selection can be
applied globally, see Section
5.2.1: Global, 5.2.1: Global, Rule-based Selection , and locally, see
Section 5.2.2: Local 5.2.2: Local
Selection in an XML Document . As for global selection, ITS information can
be added to the selected nodes, or it can
point to existing information that is related
to selected nodes.
Note:
The selection of the ITS data categories applies
to textual values contained within element or attribute nodes. In some cases
these nodes form pointers to other resources; a well-known example is the
src
attribute on the img
element in HTML. The ITS
Translate data category applies to the text of the
pointer itself, not the object to which it points. Thus in the following
example, the translation information specified via the translateRule
element applies to the filename
"instructions.jpg", and is not an instruction to open the graphic and change the words therein. graphic and change the words therein.
<text> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" "color: #F5844C">xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule translate="yes" selector="//p/img/@src"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> ...As you can see in"color: #000096"><p xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">As you can see in "color: #000096"><img src="instructions.jpg"/>, the truth is not always out there.</p> "color: #000096"></text>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-notation-terminology-1.xml ]
[ Definition : ITS Local
Attributes are all attributes defined in Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories as a local
markup.]
[ Definition : Rule Elements are
all elements defined in Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories as elements for
global rules.]
All attributes that have the type anyURI
in the normative RELAX
NG schema in Appendix D: Schemas D: Schemas for
ITS MUST allow the usage of Internationalized
Resource Identifiers (IRIs, [RFC 3987] or
its successor) to ease the adoption of ITS in international application
scenarios.
This specification uses the term HTML
to refer to HTML5 or its
successor in HTML syntax [HTML5] .
This specification uses the term CSS Selectors
in the sense of
Selectors
as specified in [Selectors Level 3] to prevent confusion with the generic
use of the word "selector".
This section is normative.
The usage of the term conformance clause in this section is in compliance with [QAFRAMEWORK] .
This specification defines four types of conformance: conformance of 1) ITS markup declarations , conformance of 2) processing expectations for ITS Markup , conformance of 3) processing expectations for ITS Markup in HTML , and 4) markup conformance for HTML5+ITS documents . The conformance type 4 is defined for using ITS markup in HTML5 documents, HTML5+ITS, which serves as an applicable specification in the sense specified in the Extensibility section of [HTML5] . These conformance types and classes complement each other. An implementation of this specification MAY use them separately or together.
Description: ITS markup declarations encompass all declarations that
are part of the Internationalization Tag Set. They do not concern the
usage of the markup in XML documents. Such markup is subject to the
conformance clauses in Section 4.2: Conformance 4.2: Conformance Type 2: The Processing Expectations for
ITS Markup .
Definitions related to this conformance type: ITS markup declarations are defined in various subsections in a schema language independent manner.
Who uses this conformance type: Schema designers integrating ITS markup declarations into a schema. All conformance clauses for this conformance type concern the position of ITS markup declarations in that schema, and their status as mandatory or optional.
Conformance clauses:
1-1: At least one of the following MUST be in the schema:
rules
element
one of the local ITS attributes
span
element
1-2: If the rules
element is used, it MUST be part of the content model of at least one element
declared in the schema. It SHOULD be in a content
model for meta information, if this is available in that schema (e.g., the
head
element in [XHTML 1.0] ).
1-3: If the span
element is used, it SHOULD be declared as an inline element.
Full implementations of this conformance type will implement all markup declarations for ITS. Statements related to this conformance type MUST list all markup declarations they implement.
Examples: Examples of the usage of ITS markup declarations in various existing schemas are given in a separate document [XML i18n BP] .
Description: Processors need to compute the ITS information that
pertains to a node in an XML document. The ITS processing expectations define how
the computation has to be carried out. Correct computation involves support for
selection mechanism , defaults / inheritance / overriding
characteristics , and precedence . The
markup MAY be valid against a schema that conforms to
the clauses in Section
4.1: Conformance 4.1: Conformance Type 1: ITS Markup Declarations .
Definitions related to this conformance type: The processing
expectations for ITS markup make use of selection mechanisms defined in Section 5: Processing 5: Processing of ITS information . The individual data
categories defined in Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories have defaults / inheritance / overriding
characteristics , and allow for using ITS markup in various positions (
global and local
).
Who uses this conformance type: Applications that need to process the nodes captured by a data category for internationalization or localization. Examples of this type of application are: ITS markup-aware editors, or translation tools that make use of ITS markup to filter translatable text as an input to the localization process.
Note:
Application-specific processing (that is processing that goes beyond the computation of ITS information for a node), such as automated filtering of translatable content based on the Translate data category, is not covered by the conformance clauses below.
Conformance clauses:
2-1: A processor MUST implement at least one data category . For each implemented data category , the following MUST be taken into account:
2-1-1: processing of at least one selection mechanism ( global or local ).
2-1-2: the default selections for the data category .
2-1-3: the precedence definitions
for selections defined in Section 5.5: Precedence 5.5: Precedence between Selections , for the
type of selections it processes.
2-2: If an application claims to process
ITS markup for the global selection mechanism, it MUST process an XLink href
attribute found on a rules
element.
2-3: If an application claims to process ITS markup implementing the conformance clauses 2-2 and 2-3, it MUST process that markup with XML documents.
2-4: Non-ITS elements and attributes found in ITS elements MAY be ignored.
Statements related to this conformance type MUST list all data categories they implement, and for each data category , which type of selection they support, whether they support processing of XML.
Note:
The above conformance clauses are directly reflected in the ITS 2.0 test suite . All tests specify which data category is processed (clause 2-1 ); they are relevant for (clause 2-1-1 ) global or local selection, or both; they require the processing of defaults and precedence of selections (clauses 2-1-2 and 2-1-3 ); for each data category there are tests with linked rules ( 2-2 ); and all types of tests are given for XML (clause 2-3 ). Implementers are encouraged to organize their documentation in a similar way, so that users of ITS 2.0 easily can understand the processing capabilities available.
Description: Processors need to compute the ITS information that pertains to a node in an HTML document. The ITS processing expectations define how the computation has to be carried out. Correct computation involves support for selection mechanism , defaults / inheritance / overriding characteristics , and precedence .
Definitions related to this conformance type: The processing
expectations for ITS markup make use of selection mechanisms defined in Section 5: Processing 5: Processing of ITS information . The individual data
categories defined in Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories have defaults / inheritance / overriding
characteristics , and allow for using ITS markup in various positions (
local , external global and inline global ).
Who uses this conformance type: Applications that need to process the nodes captured by a data category for internationalization or localization. Examples of this type of application are ITS markup-aware editors or translation tools that make use of ITS markup to filter translatable text as an input to the localization process.
Note:
Application-specific processing (that is processing that goes beyond the computation of ITS information for a node) such as automated filtering of translatable content based on the Translate data category is not covered by the conformance clauses below.
Conformance clauses:
3-1: A processor MUST implement at least one data category . For each implemented data category , the following MUST be taken into account:
3-1-1: processing of at least one selection mechanism ( global or local ).
3-1-2: the default selections for the data category .
3-1-3: the precedence definitions
for selections defined in Section 6.4: Precedence 6.4: Precedence between Selections , for the
type of selections it processes.
3-2: If an application claims to process
ITS markup for the global selection mechanism, it MUST process a href
attribute found on a link
element that has a rel
attribute with the value its-rules
.
3-3: If an application claims to process ITS markup implementing the conformance clauses 3-1 and 3-2, it MUST process that markup within HTML documents.
Statements related to this conformance type MUST list all data categories they implement and, for each data category , which type of selection they support.
Conforming HTML5+ITS documents are those that comply with all the conformance criteria for documents as defined in [HTML5] with the following exception:
Conformance clause 4-1: Global
attributes that can be used on all HTML elements are extended by
attributes for local data categories as defined in Section 6.1: Mapping 6.1: Mapping of Local Data Categories to HTML .
This section is normative.
Note:
Additional definitions about processing of HTML are given in Section 6: Using 6: Using ITS
Markup in HTML .
The version of the ITS schema defined in this specification is "2.0". The
version is indicated by the ITS version
attribute. This attribute is mandatory for the rules
element, where it MUST
be in no namespace.
If there is no rules
element in an XML
document, a prefixed ITS version
attribute
(e.g., its:version
) MUST be provided on
the element where the ITS markup is used, or on one of its ancestors.
If there is no rules
element and there
are elements with standoff ITS markup in an XML document, an ITS version
attribute MUST be
provided on element with standoff ITS markup or a prefixed ITS version
attribute (e.g., its:version
)
MUST be provided on one of its ancestors.
There MUST NOT be two different versions of ITS in the same document.
External, linked rules can have different versions than internal rules.
ITS data categories can appear in two places:
Global rules : the selection is realized
within a rules
element. It contains
rule elements for each data category. Each rule
element has a selector
attribute and
possibly other attributes. The selector
attribute contains an absolute selector as defined in Section 5.3: Query
5.3: Query Language of Selectors .
Locally in a document : the selection is
realized using ITS local attributes, which are attached to an element node,
or the span
element. There is no
additional selector
attribute. The
default selection for each data category defines whether the selection covers
attributes and child elements. See Section 8.1: Position, 8.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance, and Overriding of
Data Categories .
The two locations are described in detail below.
Global, rule-based selection is implemented using the rules
element. The rules
element contains zero or more rule elements . Each rule
element has a mandatory selector
attribute. This attribute and all other possible attributes on rule elements are in the empty namespace and used without
a prefix.
If there is more than one rules
element
in an XML document, the rules from each section are to be processed at the same
precedence level. The rules
sections are
to be read in document order, and the ITS rules with them processed
sequentially. The versions of these rules
elements MUST NOT be different.
Depending on the data category and its usage, there
are additional attributes for adding information to the selected nodes, or for
pointing to existing information in the document. For example, the Localization Note data category can be used for adding
notes to selected nodes, or for pointing to existing notes in the document. For
the former purpose, a locNote
element can
be used. For the latter purpose, a locNotePointer
attribute can be used.
The data category overview table , in
Section 8.1: Position, 8.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance, and Overriding of
Data Categories , provides an overview of what data categories allow to
point to existing information or to add information.
The functionalities of adding information and pointing to existing information are mutually exclusive . That is: markup for pointing and adding the same information MUST NOT appear in the same rule element.
Global rules can appear in the XML document they will be applied to, or in a
separate XML document. The precedence of their processing depends on these
variations. See also Section 5.5: Precedence 5.5: Precedence between Selections .
Local selection in XML documents is realized with ITS local attributes or the span
element. span
serves just as a carrier for the local ITS
attributes.
The data category determines what is being selected. The necessary data
category specific defaults are described in Section 8.1: Position, 8.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance, and Overriding of
Data Categories .
By default the content of all elements in a document is translatable. The
attribute its:translate="no"
in the head
element
means that the content of this element, including child elements, is not
intended for translation. The attribute its:translate="yes"
in
the title
element means that the content of this element, is to
be translated (overriding the its:translate="no"
in
head
). Attribute values of the selected elements or their
children are not affected by local translate
attributes. By default they are not
translatable.
The default directionality of a document is left-to-right. The
its:dir="rtl"
in the quote
element means that the
directionality of the content of this element, including child elements and
attributes, is right-to-left. Note that xml:lang
indicates only
the language, not the directionality. means
language, not the directionality.
"color: #000096"><text xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0" xml:lang="en"> "color: #000096"><head its:translate="no"> "color: #000096"><author>Sven Corneliusson</author> "color: #000096"><date>2006-09-26T17:34:04Z</date> "color: #000096"><title its:translate="yes" role="header">Bidirectional Text</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><par>In Arabic, the title <quote xml:lang="ar" its:dir="rtl">نشاط التدويل، W3C</quote> means "color: #000096"><quote>Internationalization Activity, W3C</quote>.</par> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></text>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-selection-local-1.xml ]
Note:
The dir
and translate
attributes are not listed in the ITS
attributes to be used in HTML. The reason is that these two attributes are
available in HTML natively, so there is no need to provide them as
its-
attributes. The definition of the two attributes in HTML is
compatible, that is it provides the same values and interpretation, as the
definition for the two data categories Translate
and Directionality .
Rule elements have attributes that contain
absolute and relative selectors. Interpretation of these selectors depends on
the actual query language. The query language is set by queryLanguage
attribute on rules
element. If queryLanguge
is not specified XPath 1.0 is used as a
default query language.
XPath 1.0 is identified by xpath
value in queryLanguage
attribute.
The absolute selector MUST be an XPath
expression that starts with " /
". That is, it MUST be an AbsoluteLocationPath
or union of AbsoluteLocationPath
s as described in XPath 1.0 . This ensures that the
selection is not relative to a specific location. The resulting nodes
MUST be either element or attribute nodes.
Context for evaluation of the XPath expression is as follows:
Context node is set to Root Node .
Both context position and context size are 1.
All variables defined by param
elements are bind.
All functions defined in the XPath Core Function Library are available. It is an error for an expression to include a call to any other function.
The set of namespace declarations are those in scope on the element
that has the attribute in which the expression occurs. This includes the
implicit declaration of the prefix xml
required by the
XML Namespaces Recommendation ; the default
namespace (as declared by xmlns
) is not part of this
set.
The term
element from the TEI is in a namespace http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0
.
"color: silver"><!-- Definitions for TEI --> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//tei:term" term="yes" xmlns:tei="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-selection-global-1.xml ]
The term
element from DocBook V4.5
is in no namespace.
"color: silver"><!-- Definitions for DocBook --> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//term" term="yes"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules><!-- Definitions for DocBook --> <its:rules version = "2.0" xmlns:its = "http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" > <its:termRule selector = "//term" term = "yes" /> </its:rules>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-selection-global-2.xml ]
The relative selector MUST use a RelativeLocationPath or an AbsoluteLocationPath as described in XPath 1.0 . The XPath expression is evaluated relative to the nodes selected by the selector attribute.
The following attributes point to existing
information: allowedCharactersPointer
,
taClassRefPointer
, taIdentPointer
, taIdentRefPointer
, taSourcePointer
, domainPointer
, externalResourceRefPointer
, langPointer
, locNotePointer
, locNoteRefPointer
, locQualityIssuesRefPointer
, provenanceRecordsRefPointer
, storageEncodingPointer
, storageSizePointer
, targetPointer
, termInfoPointer
, termInfoRefPointer
.
Context for evaluation of the XPath expression is the same as for an absolute selector with the following changes:
Nodes selected by the expression in the selector
attribute form the current node
list.
Context node comes from the current node list.
The context position comes from the position of the current node in the current node list; the first position is 1.
The context size comes from the size of the current node list.
Note:
The term CSS Selectors
is used throughout the specification
in the sense of Selectors
as specified in [Selectors Level 3] to prevent
confusion with the generic use of the word "selector". See The term CSS Selector .
Note:
The working group will not provide a CSS Selectors-based implementation; nevertheless there are several existing libraries that can translate CSS Selectors to XPath so that XPath selectors-based implementations can be used.
Note:
CSS selectors have no ability to point to attributes.
CSS Selectors are identified by the value css
in the
queryLanguage
attribute.
An absolute selector MUST be interpreted as a selector as defined in [Selectors Level 3] . Both simple selectors and groups of selectors can be used.
A relative selector MUST be interpreted as a
selector as defined in [Selectors Level 3] . A selector is not evaluated
against the complete document tree but only against subtrees rooted at nodes
selected by the selector in the selector
attribute.
ITS processors MAY support additional query languages. For each additional query language the processor MUST define:
the identifier of the query language used in queryLanguage
;
rules for evaluating an absolute selector to a collection of nodes;
rules for evaluating a relative selector to a collection of nodes.
Because future versions of this specification are likely to define
additional query languages, the following query language identifiers are
reserved: xpath
, css
, xpath2
,
xpath3
, xquery
, xquery3
,
xslt2
, xslt3
.
A param
element (or several ones) can be placed as the first child element(s) of the
rules
element to define the default values
of variables used in the various selectors used in the rules.
An implementation MUST support the param
element for all query languages it supports and
at the same time define how variables are bound for evaluation of the selector
expression. Implementations SHOULD also provide means
for changing the default values of the param
elements. Such means are
implementation-specific.
The param
element has a required
name
attribute. The value of the
name
attribute is a QName , see
[XML Names] .
The content of the element is a string used as default value for the
corresponding variable.
param
element to define the default value of a
variable in a selector
attribute.
The param
element defines the default
value for the $LCID
variable. In this case, only the
msg
element with the attribute
lcid
set to
"0x049" is seen as translatable.
"color: #000096"><doc its:version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:param name="LCID">0x0409</its:param> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="/doc" translate="no"/> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//msg[@lcid=$LCID]" translate="yes"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><msg lcid="0x0409" num="1">Create a folder</msg> "color: #000096"><msg lcid="0x0411" num="1">フォルダーを作æˆã™ã‚‹</msg> "color: #000096"><msg lcid="0x0407" num="1">Erstellen Sie einen Ordner</msg> "color: #000096"><msg lcid="0x040c" num="1">Créer un dossier</msg> </doc>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-param-in-global-rules-1.xml ]
Note:
In XSLT-based applications, it may make sense to map ITS parameters directly to XSLT parameters. To avoid naming conflicts one can use a prefix with the parameter name's value to distinguish between the ITS parameters and the XSLT parameters.
One way to associate a document with a set of external ITS rules is to use the
optional XLink [XLink 1.1]
href
attribute in the rules
element. The referenced document MUST be a valid XML document containing at most one
rules
element. That rules
element can be the root element or be located
anywhere within the document tree (for example, the document could be an XML
Schema).
The rules contained in the referenced document MUST be processed as if they were at the top of the
rules
element with the XLink href
attribute.
The example demonstrates how metadata can be added to ITS rules.
"color: #000096"><myFormatInfo> "color: #000096"><desc>ITS rules used by the Open University</desc> "color: #000096"><hostVoc>http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0</hostVoc> "color: #000096"><rulesId>98ECED99DF63D511B1250008C784EFB1</rulesId> "color: #000096"><rulesVersion>v 1.81 2006/03/28 07:43:21</rulesVersion> ..."color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//header" translate="no"/> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//term" translate="no"/> "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//term" term="yes"/> "color: #000096"><its:withinTextRule withinText="yes" selector="//term | //b"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"></myFormatInfo>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-link-external-rules-1.xml ]
<myDoc> <header> <its:rules version = "2.0" xmlns:its = "http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" xmlns:xlink = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href = "EX-link-external-rules-1.xml" > <its:translateRule selector = "//term" translate = "yes" /> </its:rules> <author> Theo Brumble </author> <lastUpdate> Apr-01-2006 </lastUpdate> </header> <body> <p> A <term> Palouse horse </term> has a spotted coat. </p> </body> </myDoc>"color: #000096"><myDoc> "color: #000096"><header> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" "color: #F5844C">xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="EX-link-external-rules-1.xml"> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//term" translate="yes"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><author>Theo Brumble</author> "color: #000096"><lastUpdate>Apr-01-2006</lastUpdate> "color: #000096"></header> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p>A <term>Palouse horse</term> has a spotted coat.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></myDoc>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-link-external-rules-2.xml ]
The result of processing the two documents above is the same as processing the
following document. following
document.
"color: #000096"><myDoc> "color: #000096"><header> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//header" translate="no"/> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//term" translate="no"/> "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//term" term="yes"/> "color: #000096"><its:withinTextRule withinText="yes" selector="//term | //b"/> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//term" translate="yes"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><author>Theo Brumble</author> "color: #000096"><lastUpdate>Apr-01-2006</lastUpdate> "color: #000096"></header> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p>A <term>Palouse horse</term> has a spotted coat.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></myDoc>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-link-external-rules-3.xml ]
As with Example 16 , these rules can
be applied to Example 17 . The only
difference is that in Example 19 , the
rules
element is the
root element of the external file. element is the
root element of the external file.
"color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//header" translate="no"/> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//term" translate="no"/> "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//term" term="yes"/> "color: #000096"><its:withinTextRule withinText="yes" selector="//term | //b"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-link-external-rules-4.xml ]
Applications processing global ITS markup MUST
recognize the XLink href
attribute in the
rules
element; they MUST load the corresponding referenced document and process
its rules element before processing the content of the rules
element where the original XLink href
attribute is.
External rules may also have links to other external rules (see Example 17 ). The linking mechanism is recursive in a depth-first approach, and subsequently after the processing the rules MUST be read top-down (see Example 18 ).
The following precedence order is defined for selections of ITS information in various positions (the first item in the list has the highest precedence):
Selection via explicit (i.e., not inherited) local ITS markup in documents ( ITS local attributes on a specific element)
Global selections in documents (using a rules
element)
Inside each rules
element the
precedence order is:
Any rule inside the rules element
Any rule linked via the XLink href
attribute
Note:
ITS does not define precedence related to rules defined or linked based on non-ITS mechanisms (such as processing instructions for linking rules).
Selection via inherited values. This applies only to element nodes. The inheritance rules are laid out in a dedicated data category overview table : see the column " Inheritance for element nodes ". Selection via inheritance takes precedence over default values, see below item.
Selections via defaults for data categories, see Section 8.1: Position, 8.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance, and Overriding of
Data Categories
In case of conflicts between global selections via multiple rules elements or conflicts between multiple param
elements with the same name, the last rule or last
param
element has higher precedence.
Note:
The precedence order fulfills the same purpose as the built-in template rules of [XSLT 1.0] . Override semantics are always complete, that is all information provided via lower precedence is overridden by the higher precedence. E.g. defaults are overridden by inherited values and these are overridden by nodes selected via global rules, which are in turn overridden by local markup.
The two elements title
and author
of this document
are intended as separate content when inside a prolog
element, but
in other contexts as part of the content of their parent element. In order to
make this distinction two withinTextRule
elements are used:
The first rule specifies that title
and author
in
general are to be treated as an element within text. This overrides the
default.
The second rule indicates that when title
or
author
are found in a prolog
element their content is
to be treated separately. This is normally the default,
but the rule is needed to override the first rule. is one of the best
introductions to the vast topic of designing user interfaces. This is normally the default, but the rule is needed to override the
first rule.
<text> "color: #000096"><prolog> "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:withinTextRule withinText="yes" selector="//title|//author"/> "color: #000096"><its:withinTextRule withinText="no" selector="//prolog/title|//prolog/author"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><title>Designing User Interfaces</title> "color: #000096"><author>Janice Prakash</author> "color: #000096"><keywords>user interface, ui, software interface</keywords> "color: #000096"></prolog> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p>The book <title>Of Mice and Screens</title> by <author>Aldus Brandywine</author> is one of the best introductions to the vast topic of designing user interfaces.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></text>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-selection-precedence-1.xml ]
Some markup schemes provide markup that can be used to express ITS data
categories. ITS data categories can be associated with such existing markup,
using the global selection mechanism described in Section 5.2.1: Global,
5.2.1: Global, Rule-based Selection .
Associating existing markup with ITS data categories can be done only if the processing expectations of the host markup are the same as, or greater than, those of ITS. For example, the [DITA 1.0] format can use its translate attribute to apply to “transcluded†content, going beyond the ITS 2.0 local selection mechanism, but not contradicting it.
In this example, there is an existing translate
attribute in
DITA, and it is associated with the ITS semantics using the its:rules section.
Similarly, the DITA as an abstract concept for a
particular type of DITA dt
and term
elements are associated with
the ITS Terminology data category.
"color: #000096"><topic id="myTopic"> "color: #000096"><title>The ITS Topic</title> "color: #000096"><prolog> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//*[@translate='no']" translate="no"/> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//*[@translate='yes']" translate="yes"/> "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//term | //dt" term="yes"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"></prolog> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><dl> "color: #000096"><dlentry id="tDataCat"> "color: #000096"><dt>Data category</dt> "color: #000096"><dd>ITS defines <term>data category</term> as an abstract concept for a particular type of information related to internationalization and localization of XML schemas anddocuments.documents.</dd> "color: #000096"></dlentry> "color: #000096"></dl> "color: #000096"><p>For the implementation of ITS, apply the rules in the order:</p> "color: #000096"><ul> "color: #000096"><li>Defaults</li> "color: #000096"><li>Rules in external files</li> "color: #000096"><li>Rules in the document</li> "color: #000096"><li>Local attributes</li> "color: #000096"></ul> "color: #000096"><p><ph translate="no" xml:lang="fr">Et voilà !</ph>.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></topic>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-associating-its-with-existing-markup-1.xml ]
Global rules can be associated with a given XML document using different means:
By using an rules
element in the
document itself:
with the rules directly inside the document, as shown in Example 21
with a link to an external rules file using the XLink href
attribute, as shown in Example 16
By associating the rules and the document through a tool-specific mechanism. For example, in the case of a command-line tool by providing the paths of both the XML document to process and its corresponding external rules file.
In some cases, it may be important for instances of data categories to be
associated with information about the processor that generated them. For example,
the score of the MT Confidence data category
(provided via the mtConfidence
attribute) is
meaningful only when the consumer of the information also knows which MT engine
produced it, because the score provides the relative confidence of translations
from the same MT engine but does not provide a score that can be reliably
compared between MT engines. The same is true for confidence provided for the
Text Analysis data category, providing confidence
information via the taConfidence
attribute,
or the Terminology data category, providing confidence
information via the termConfidence
attribute.
ITS 2.0 provides a mechanism to associate such processor information with the use of individual data categories in a document, independently from data category annotations themselves.
The attribute annotatorsRef
provides a
way to associate all the annotations of a given data category within the element
with information about the processor that generated those data category
annotations.
Note:
Three cases of providing tool information can be expected:
information about tools used for creating or modifying the textual content;
information about tools that do 1), but also create ITS annotations,
see Appendix I: List I: List
of ITS 2.0 Global Elements and Local Attributes ;
information about tools that don’t modify or create content, but just create ITS annotations.
annotatorsRef
is only meant to be
used when actual ITS annotation is involved, that is for 2) and 3). To
express tool information related only to the creation or modification of
textual content and independent of ITS data categories, that is case 1),
the tool or toolRef
attribute provided
by the Provenance data category is to be
used.
An example of case 2) is an MT engine that modifies content and creates ITS MT Confidence annotations. Here the situation may occur that several tools are involved in creating MT Confidence annotations: the MT engine and the tool inserting the markup. The annotatorsRef attribute is to identify the tool most useful in further processes, in this case the MT engine.
The value of annotatorsRef
is a
space-separated list of references where each reference is composed of two parts:
a data category identifier and an IRI. These two parts are separated by a
|
VERTICAL LINE (U+007C) character:
The data category identifier MUST be one of the identifiers specified in the data category overview table .
Within one annotatorsRef
value, a
data category identifier MUST NOT appear more than one
time.
The IRI indicates information about the processor used to generate the data category annotation. No single means is specified for how this IRI has to be used to indicate processor information. Possible mechanisms are: to encode information directly in the IRI, e.g., as parameters; to reference an external resource that provides such information, e.g. an XML file or an RDF declaration; or to reference another part of the document that provides such information.
In HTML documents, the mechanism is implemented with the its-annotators-ref
attribute.
The attribute applies to the content of the element where it is declared (including its children elements) and to the attributes of that element.
On any given node, the information provided by this mechanism is a
space-separated list of the accumulated references found in the annotatorsRef
attributes declared in the enclosing
elements and sorted by data category identifiers. For each data category, the IRI
part is the one of the inner-most declaration.
In this example, the text shows the computed tools reference information for
the given node. Note that the references are ordered alphabetically and that
the IRI values are always the ones of the inner-most
declaration. values are always the ones of the
inner-most declaration.
"color: #000096"><doc its:version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" "color: #F5844C">its:annotatorsRef="mt-confidence|MT1" >doc node: "mt-confidence|MT1""color: #000096"><group its:annotatorsRef="terminology|ABC" >group node: "mt-confidence|MT1 terminology|ABC"> > <!-- To make this example usable in real life, we would have"color: #000096"><p its:annotatorsRef="text-analysis|Tool3" >This p node: "text-analysis|Tool3 mt-confidence|MT1 terminology|ABC"</p> "color: #000096"><p its:annotatorsRef="mt-confidence|MT123" >This p node: "mt-confidence|MT123 terminology|ABC"</p> "color: #000096"></group> "color: silver"><!-- To make this example usable in real life, we would have annotations of the three data categories - text-analysis, mt-confidence and terminology - in the document -->>"color: #000096"><p its:annotatorsRef="text-analysis|XYZ" >This p node: "text-analysis|XYZ mt-confidence|MT1"</p> </doc>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-its-tool-annotation-1.xml ]
The annotatorsRef
attribute is used in
this XML document to indicate that information about the processor that
generated the mtConfidence
values for the
first two p
elements are found in element with
id="T1"
in the external document tools.xml, while that information
for the third p
element is found in the element with
id="T2"
in the same document. In addition, annotatorsRef
is used to identify a Web resource
with information about the QA tool used to generate the =
"mt-confidence|file:///tools.xml#T1 localization-quality-issue
with information about the QA tool used to generate
the Localization Quality
Issue annotation in the document.
"color: #000096"><doc its:version="2.0" "color: #F5844C">its:annotatorsRef= "color: #993300">"mt-confidence|file:///tools.xml#T1 localization-quality-issue |http://www.qalsp-ex.com/qatools/transcheckv1.3"Text translated with tool T2"color: #F5844C">xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><p its:mtConfidence="0.78">Text translated with tool T1</p> "color: #000096"><p its:mtConfidence="0.55" its:locQualityIssueType="typographical" "color: #F5844C">its:locQualityIssueComment="Sentence without capitalization" "color: #F5844C">its:locQualityIssueSeverity="50">text also translated with tool T1</p> "color: #000096"><p its:mtConfidence="0.34" "color: #F5844C">its:annotatorsRef="mt-confidence|file:///tools.xml#T2"> Text translated with tool T2</p> </doc>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-its-tool-annotation-2.xml ]
The its-annotators-ref
attributes are
used in this HTML document to indicate that the MT
Confidence annotation on the first two span
elements come from
one MT (French to English) engine, while the annotation on the third comes from
another (Italian to English) engine. Both its-annotators-ref
attributes refer to a Web resource
for information about the engine generating the MT
Confidence annotation. Sentences about capital
cities annotation.
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> "color: #000096"><html lang=en> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Sentences about capital cities machine translated into English with mtConfidence definedlocally. The capital Italia is Roma.locally.</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body its-annotators-ref="mt-confidence|http://www.exmt-prov.com/2012/11/9/fr-t-en"> "color: #000096"><p> "color: #000096"><span its-mt-confidence=0.8982>Dublin is the capital of Ireland.</span> "color: #000096"><span its-mt-confidence=0.8536>The capital of the Czech Republic is Prague.</span> "color: #000096"><span its-mt-confidence=0.7009 "color: #F5844C">its-annotators-ref="mt-confidence|http://www.exmt-prov.com/2012/11/9/it-t-en"> The capital Italia is Roma.</span> "color: #000096"></p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-its-tool-annotation-html5-1.html ]
This section is normative.
Note:
Please note that the term HTML
refers to HTML5 or its successor
in HTML syntax [HTML5] .
All data categories defined in Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories and having local
implementation may be used in HTML with the exception of the Translate , Directionality and
Language Information data categories.
Note:
The above-mentioned data categories are excluded because HTML has native markup for them.
In HTML data categories are implemented as attributes. The name of the HTML attribute is derived from the name of the attribute defined in the local implementation by using the following rules:
The attribute name is prefixed with its-
Each uppercase letter in the attribute name is replaced by -
(U+002D) followed by a lowercase variant of the letter.
Example 48 demonstrates the Elements Within Text data category with the local XML
attribute withinText
. Example 49 demonstrates the counterpart in
HTML, i.e., the local attribute its-within-text
.
Values of attributes, which corresponds to data categories with a predefined set of values, MUST be matched ASCII-case-insensitively.
Note:
Case of attribute names is also irrelevant given the nature of HTML syntax.
So in HTML the terminology data category can be
stored as its-term
, ITS-TERM
, its-Term
etc. All of those attributes are treated as equivalent
and will be normalized upon DOM construction.
Values of attributes that correspond to data categories that use XML Schema double data type MUST be also valid floating-point numbers as defined in [HTML5] .
Various aspects for global rules in general, external global rules, or inline global rules need to be taken into account. An example of an HTML5 document using global rules is Example 6 . The corresponding rules file is Example 7 .
Note:
By default XPath 1.0 will be used for selection in global rules. If users
prefer an easier selection mechanism, they can switch query language to CSS
selectors by using the queryLanguage
attribute, see Section 5.3.1: Choosing 5.3.1: Choosing Query Language .
Note:
The HTML5 parsing algorithm automatically puts all HTML elements into the
XHTML namespace ( http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml
). Selectors used
in global rules need to take this into account.
Linking to external global rules is specified
in the href
attribute of link
elements, with the link relation its-rules
.
Note:
Using XPath in global rules linked from HTML documents does not create an additional burden to implementers. Parsing HTML content produces a DOM tree that can be directly queried using XPath, functionality supported by all major browsers.
Inline global rules MUST
be specified inside a script
element that has a type
attribute with the value application/its+xml
. The
script
element itself SHOULD be a child of
the head
element. Comments MUST NOT be used
inside global rules. Each script
element MUST
NOT contain more than one rules
element.
Note:
It is preferred to use external global rules
linked using the link
element than to have global rules embedded
in the document.
The constraints for Provenance standoff markup in HTML and Localization quality issues markup in HTML MUST be followed.
The following precedence order is defined for selections of ITS information in various positions of HTML document (the first item in the list has the highest precedence):
Implicit local selection in documents ( ITS local attributes on a specific element)
Global selections in documents (using the mechanism of external global rules or inline global rules ), to be processed in a
document order, see Section
5.2.1: Global, 5.2.1: Global, Rule-based Selection for
details.
Note:
ITS does not define precedence related to rules defined or linked based on non-ITS mechanisms (such as processing instructions for linking rules). Selection via inheritance takes precedence over default values (see below).
Selection via inherited values. This applies only to element nodes. The inheritance rules are laid out in a dedicated data category overview table (see the column " Inheritance for element nodes). Selection via inheritance takes precedence over default values (see below). "
Selections via defaults for data categories, see Section 8.1: Position, 8.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance, and Overriding of
Data Categories .
In case of conflicts between global selections via multiple rules elements or conflicts between multiple param
elements with the same name, the last rule or last
param
element has higher precedence.
Example 6 , previously discussed,
demonstrates the precedence: the code
element with the translate
attribute set to yes has precedence over the
global rule setting all code
elements as untranslatable.
This section is normative.
XHTML documents aimed at public consumption by Web browsers, including HTML5
documents in XHTML syntax, SHOULD use the syntax described
in Section 6: Using 6: Using ITS Markup
in HTML in order to adhere to DOM Consistency
HTML Design Principle<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD
XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" HTML Design Principle
.
This example illustrates the use of ITS 2.0 local markup in XHTML.
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">Don't use prefixed attributes inside the content, like its:locNote."color: #000096"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><title>XHTML and ITS2.0</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><h1>XHTML and ITS2.0</h1> "color: #000096"><p>Don't use "color: #000096"><span its-loc-note="Internationalization Tag Set">ITS</span> prefixed attributes inside the content, like its:locNote.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-xhtml-markup-1.html ]
Note:
Please note that this section defines how to use ITS in XHTML content that is directly served to Web browsers. Such XHTML is very often sent with an incorrect media type and parsed as HTML rather than XML in Web browsers. In such case it is more robust and safer to use HTML-like syntax for ITS metadata.
However when XHTML is not used as a delivery but rather as an exchange or storage format all XML features can be used in XHTML and it is advised to use XML syntax for ITS metadata.
This section is normative.
The following table summarizes for each data category which selection, default
value, and inheritance and overriding behavior apply. It also provides data
category identifiers used in Section 5.7: ITS
5.7: ITS Tools Annotation :
Default values apply if both local and
global selection are absent. The default value for the Translate data category, for example, mandates that
elements are translatable, and attributes are not translatable if there is no
translateRule
element and no
translate
attribute available.
Inheritance describes whether ITS information is applicable to child elements of nodes and attributes related to these nodes or their child notes. The inheritance for the Translate data category, for example, mandates that all child elements of nodes are translatable whereas all attributes related to these nodes or their child notes are not translatable.
For ITS data categories with inheritance, the
information conveyed by the data category can be overridden. For example, a
local translate
attribute overrides the
Translate information conveyed by a global
translateRule
.
Foreign elements can be used only inside rules
. Foreign attributes can be used on any element
defined in ITS.
Note:
An ITS application is free to decide what pieces of content it uses. For example:
Terminology information is added to a
term
element. The information pertains only to the content of
the element, since there is no inheritance for Terminology . Nevertheless an ITS application can make
use of the complete element, e.g., including attribute nodes etc.
Using ID Value , a unique identifier is provided
for a p
element. An application can make use of the complete
p
element, including child nodes and attributes nodes. The
application is also free to make use just of the string value of
p
. Nevertheless the id provided via ID
Value pertains only to the p
element. It cannot be used to
identify nested elements or attributes.
Using target pointer , selected
source
elements have the ITS information that their
translation is available in a target
element; see Example 65 . This information does not
inherit to child elements of target pointer
. E.g., the
translation of a span
element nested in source
is
not available in a specific target
element. Nevertheless, an
application is free to use the complete content of source
,
including span
, and, e.g., present it to a translator.
Data category ( identifier ) |
Local Usage | Global, rule-based selection | Global adding of information | Global pointing to existing information | Default Values | Inheritance for elements nodes | Examples |
Translate ( translate ) |
Yes | Yes | Yes | No | For XML: translate="yes" for elements, and
translate="no" for attributes.For [HTML5] : see HTLM5 Translate Handling . |
For XML: Textual content of element, including content of
child elements, but excluding attributes. For [HTML5] : see HTLM5 Translate Handling . |
local , global |
Localization Note (
localization-note ) |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | None | Textual content of element, including content of child elements, but excluding attributes | local , global |
Terminology ( terminology
) |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | term="no" |
None | local , global |
Directionality (
directionality ) |
Yes | Yes | Yes | No | dir="ltr" |
Textual content of element, including attributes and child elements | local , global |
Language Information (
language-information ) |
No | Yes | No | Yes | None | Textual content of element, including attributes and child elements | global |
Elements Within Text (
elements-within-text ) |
Yes | Yes | Yes | No | For XML content: withinText="no" .For [HTML5] : see HTLM5 Element Within Text Handling . |
None | local , global |
Domain ( domain ) |
No | Yes | Yes | Yes | None | Textual content of element, including attributes and child elements | global |
Text Analysis ( text-analysis
) |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | None | None | local , global |
Locale Filter ( locale-filter
) |
Yes | Yes | Yes | No | localeFilterList="*" ,
localeFilterType="include" |
Textual content of element, including attributes and child elements | local , global |
Provenance ( provenance ) |
Yes | Yes | No | Yes | None | Textual content of element, including child elements and attributes | local , global |
External Resource (
external-resource ) |
No | Yes | No | Yes | None | None | global |
Target Pointer (
target-pointer ) |
No | Yes | No | Yes | None | None | global |
ID Value ( id-value ) |
No | Yes | No | Yes | None | None | global |
Preserve Space (
preserve-space ) |
Yes | Yes | Yes | No | default |
Textual content of element, including attributes and child elements | local , global |
Localization Quality Issue (
localization-quality-issue ) |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | None | Textual content of element, including child elements, but excluding attributes | local , global |
Localization Quality Rating (
localization-quality-rating ) |
Yes | No | No | No | None | Textual content of element, including child elements, but excluding attributes | local |
MT Confidence ( mt-confidence
) |
Yes | Yes | Yes | No | None | Textual content of element, including child elements, but excluding attributes | local , global |
Allowed Characters (
allowed-characters ) |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | None | Textual content of element, including child elements, but excluding attributes | local , global |
Storage Size ( storage-size
) |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | None | None |
local , global |
In this example, the content of all the
data
elements is
translatable and none of the attributes are translatable, because the default
for the Translate data category in elements
is "yes" and in attributes is "no", and neither of their values are overridden
at all. The first translateRule
is overridden by
the local its:translate="no"
attribute. The content of revision
,profile
,reviser
and
locNote
elements
are not translatable. This is because the default is overridden by the
same its:translate="no"
that these elements inherit from the local ITS markup in
the prolog
element. The exception is the field
element where the
second translateRule
takes precedence
over the inherited value. The last translateRule
indicates that the content of type
is not translatable because
the global rule takes precedence over the default value.
The localization note for the two first
data
elements is
the text defined globally with the locNoteRule
element. This note is overridden for the last
data
element by
the local locNote
attribute.
"color: #000096"><Res xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><prolog its:translate="no"> "color: #000096"><revision>Sep-07-2006</revision> "color: #000096"><profile> "color: #000096"><reviser>John Doe</reviser> "color: #000096"><field>Computing Engineering</field> "color: #000096"></profile> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//prolog" translate="yes"/> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="/Res/prolog/profile/field" translate="yes"/> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//msg/type" translate="no"/> "color: #000096"><its:locNoteRule locNoteType="description" selector="//msg/data"> "color: #000096"><its:locNote>The variable {0} is the name of the host.</its:locNote> "color: #000096"></its:locNoteRule> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"></prolog> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><msg id="HostNotFound"> "color: #000096"><type>Error</type> "color: #000096"><data>Host {0} cannot be found.</data> "color: #000096"></msg> "color: #000096"><msg id="HostDisconnected"> "color: #000096"><type>Error</type> "color: #000096"><data>The connection with {0} has been lost.</data> "color: #000096"></msg> "color: #000096"><msg id="FileNotFound"> "color: #000096"><type>Error</type> "color: #000096"><data its:locNote="{0} is a filename">{0} not found.</data> "color: #000096"></msg> "color: #000096"></body> </Res>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-datacat-behavior-1.xml ]
Note:
The data categories differ with respect to defaults. This difference is due to existing standards and practices. It is common practice for example that information about translation refers only to textual content of an element. Thus, the default selection for the Translate data category is the textual content.
The Translate data category expresses information about whether the content of an element or attribute is intended for translation or not. The values of this data category are "yes" (translatable) or "no" (not translatable).
The Translate data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on an individual element. Handling of inheritance and interaction between elements and attributes is different for XML content versus [HTML5] content.
For XML: for elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements, but excluding attributes. The default is that elements are translatable and attributes are not.
For HTML: The interpretation of the
translate
attribute is given in HTML5
. Nodes in an HTML document selected via a global
rule are also interpreted following HTML5
.
Note:
As of writing, the default in [HTML5]
is that elements are translatable, and that translatable attributes inherit
from the respective elements. There is a pre-defined list of translatable
attributes, for example alt
or title
.
Since the [HTML5] definition also
applies to nodes selected via global rules, a translateRule
like <its:translateRule
selector=""//h:img" translate="yes"/>
will set the img
element and its translatable attributes like alt
to "yes".
GLOBAL: The translateRule
element contains the following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
A required translate
attribute with
the value "yes" or "no".
The translateRule
element specifies
that the elements code
is not to be
translated. is not to be translated.
"color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule translate="no" selector="//code"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-translate-selector-1.xml ]
LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the Translate data category:
A translate
attribute with the
value "yes" or "no".
In [HTML5] the native [HTML5] translate
attribute MUST be used to express the Translate data category.
Note:
For XML content, it is not possible to override the Translate data category settings of attributes using local markup. This limitation is consistent with the advised practice of not using translatable attributes. If attributes need to be translatable, then this has to be declared globally. Note that this restriction does not apply to HTML5 .
The local its:translate="no"
specifies that the content of
> panelmsg
is not to be
translated.
"color: #000096"><messages its:version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><msg num="123">Click Resume Button on Status Display or <panelmsg its:translate="no" >CONTINUE</panelmsg> Button on printer panel</msg> "color: #000096"></messages>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-translate-selector-2.xml ]
The local translate="no"
attribute specifies that the content
of span
is not to be translated.
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> <html>is making the World Wide Web worldwide!"color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Translate flag test: Default</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p>The <span translate=no>World Wide Web Consortium</span> is making the World Wide Web worldwide!</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-translate-html5-local-1.html ]
The Localization Note data category is used to communicate notes to localizers about a particular item of content.
This data category can be used for several purposes, including, but not limited to:
Tell the translator how to translate parts of the content
Expand on the meaning or contextual usage of a specific element, such as what a variable refers to or how a string will be used in the user interface
Clarify ambiguity and show relationships between items sufficiently to allow correct translation (e.g., in many languages it is impossible to translate the word" enabled " in isolation without knowing the gender, number, and case of the thing it refers to.)
Indicate why a piece of text is emphasized (important, sarcastic, etc.)
Two types of informative notes are needed:
An alert contains information that the translator has to read before translating a piece of text. Example: an instruction to the translator to leave parts of the text in the source language.
A description provides useful background information that the translator will refer to only if they wish. Example: a clarification of ambiguity in the source text.
Editing tools may offer an easy way to create this type of information. Translation tools can be made to recognize the difference between these two types of localization notes, and present the information to translators in different ways.
The Localization Note data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on an individual element. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements, but excluding attributes.
GLOBAL: The locNoteRule
element contains the following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
A required locNoteType
attribute
with the value "description" or "alert".
Exactly one of the following:
A locNote
element that contains
the note itself and allows for local ITS
markup .
A locNotePointer
attribute that
contains a relative selector pointing to a
node that holds the localization note.
A locNoteRef
attribute that
contains an IRI referring to the location of the localization note.
A locNoteRefPointer
attribute
that contains a relative selector pointing to
a node that holds the IRI referring to the location of the localization
note.
The locNoteRule
element associates
the content of the locNote
element with
the message with the identifier 'DisableInfo' and flags it as important. This
would also work if the rule is in an external file, allowing it to
provide notes without modifying the source document.
The variable {0} has three possible values: 'printer', 'stacker' and 'stapler
options'. </myRes> provide notes without
modifying the source document.
"color: #000096"><myRes> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0" its:translate="no"> "color: #000096"><its:locNoteRule locNoteType="alert" selector="//msg[@id='DisableInfo']"> "color: #000096"><its:locNote>The variable {0} has three possible values: 'printer', 'stacker' and 'stapler options'.</its:locNote> "color: #000096"></its:locNoteRule> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><msg id="DisableInfo">The {0} has been disabled.</msg> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></myRes>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locNote-element-1.xml ]
The locNotePointer
attribute is a
relative selector
</Res> selector pointing to a node that holds the note.
<Res> "color: #000096"><prolog> "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//msg/notes" translate="no"/> "color: #000096"><its:locNoteRule locNoteType="description" selector="//msg/data" locNotePointer="../notes"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"></prolog> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><msg id="FileNotFound"> "color: #000096"><notes>Indicates that the resource file {0} could not be loaded.</notes> "color: #000096"><data>Cannot find the file {0}.</data> "color: #000096"></msg> "color: #000096"><msg id="DivByZero"> "color: #000096"><notes>A division by 0 was going to be computed.</notes> "color: #000096"><data>Invalid parameter.</data> "color: #000096"></msg> "color: #000096"></body> </Res>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locNotePointer-attribute-1.xml ]
The locNoteRule
element specifies
that the message with the identifier 'NotFound' has a corresponding
explanation note in an external file. The IRI for the exact location of the
note is stored in the locNoteRef
attribute. </myRes> attribute.
"color: #000096"><myRes> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:locNoteRule locNoteType="description" selector="//msg[@id='NotFound']" "color: #F5844C">locNoteRef="ErrorsInfo.html#NotFound"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><msg id="NotFound">Cannot find {0} on {1}.</msg> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></myRes>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locNoteRef-attribute-1.xml ]
The locNoteRefPointer
attribute
contains a relative selector pointing to a node that
holds the IRI referring to the location of the note.
</dataFile> location of the note.
"color: #000096"><dataFile> "color: #000096"><prolog> "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:locNoteRule locNoteType="description" selector="//data" "color: #F5844C">locNoteRefPointer="../@noteFile"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"></prolog> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><string id="FileNotFound" noteFile="Comments.html#FileNotFound"> "color: #000096"><data>Cannot find the file {0}.</data> "color: #000096"></string> "color: #000096"><string id="DivByZero" noteFile="Comments.html#DivByZero"> "color: #000096"><data>Invalid parameter.</data> "color: #000096"></string> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></dataFile>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locNoteRefPointer-attribute-1.xml ]
LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the Localization Note data category:
Exactly one of the following:
A locNote
attribute that
contains the note itself.
A locNoteRef
attribute that
contains an IRI referring to the location of the localization note.
An optional locNoteType
attribute
with the value "description" or "alert". If the locNoteType
attribute is not present, the type of
localization note will be assumed to be "description".
"color: #000096"><msgList xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" xml:space="preserve" its:version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><data name="LISTFILTERS_VARIANT" its:locNote="Keep the leading space!" its:locNoteType="alert"> "color: #000096"><value> Variant {0} = {1} ({2})</value> "color: #000096"></data> "color: #000096"><data its:locNote="%1\$s is the original text's date in the format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM always in GMT"> "color: #000096"><value>Translated from English content dated <span id="version-info">%1\$s</span> GMT.</value> "color: #000096"></data> "color: #000096"></msgList>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locNote-selector-2.xml ]
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> "color: #000096"><html lang=en> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>LocNote test: Default</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p>This is a "color: #000096"><span its-loc-note="Check with terminology engineer" its-loc-note-type=alert> motherboard</span>.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-locNote-html5-local-1.html ]
Note:
It is generally recommended to avoid using attributes to store text, however, in this specific case, the need to provide the notes without interfering with the structure of the host document is outweighing the drawbacks of using an attribute.
The Terminology data category is used to mark terms and optionally associate them with information, such as definitions. This helps to increase consistency across different parts of the documentation. It is also helpful for translation.
Note:
Existing terminology standards such as [ISO 30042] and its derived formats are about coding terminology data, while the ITS Terminology data category simply allows to identify terms in XML documents and optionally to point to corresponding information.
The Terminology data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on an individual element. There is no inheritance. The default is that neither elements nor attributes are terms.
GLOBAL: The termRule
element contains the following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
A required term
attribute with the
value "yes" or "no".
Zero or one of the following:
A termInfoPointer
attribute
that contains a relative selector pointing to
a node that holds the terminology information.
A termInfoRef
attribute that
contains an IRI referring to the resource providing information about
the term.
A termInfoRefPointer
attribute
that contains a relative selector pointing to
a node that holds the IRI referring to the
location of the terminology information. as the relationship, expressed
through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other
addresser, and the fiction. </text> IRI referring to the location of the terminology
information.
<text> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//term" term="yes" termInfoPointer="id(@def)"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><p>We may define <term def="TDPV">discoursal point of view</term> as "color: #000096"><gloss xml:id="TDPV">the relationship, expressed through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the fiction.</gloss></p> "color: #000096"></text>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-terms-selector-1.xml ]
<text> <its:rules version = "2.0" xmlns:its = "http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" > <its:termRule selector = "//term[1]" term = "yes" termInfoRef = "#TDPV" /> </its:rules> <p> We may define <term> discoursal point of view </term> as <gloss xml:id = "TDPV" > the relationship, expressed through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the fiction. </gloss> </p> </text><text> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//term[1]" term="yes" "color: #F5844C">termInfoRef="#TDPV"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><p>We may define <term>discoursal point of view</term> as <gloss xml:id="TDPV">the relationship, expressed through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the fiction.</gloss></p> "color: #000096"></text>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-terms-selector-2.xml ]
<text> <its:rules version = "2.0" xmlns:its = "http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" > <its:termRule selector = "//term" term = "yes" termInfoRefPointer = "@target" /> </its:rules> <p> We may define <term target = "#TDPV" > discoursal point of view </term> as <gloss xml:id = "TDPV" > the relationship, expressed through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the fiction. </gloss> </p> </text><text> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//term" term="yes" "color: #F5844C">termInfoRefPointer="@target"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><p>We may define <term target="#TDPV">discoursal point of view</term> as <gloss xml:id="TDPV">the relationship, expressed through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the fiction.</gloss></p> "color: #000096"></text>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-terms-selector-3.xml ]
LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the Terminology data category:
A term
attribute with the value
"yes" or "no".
An optional termInfoRef
attribute
that contains an IRI referring to the resource providing information about
the term.
An optional termConfidence
attribute with the value of a
rational number in the interval 0 to 1 (inclusive). The value follows the
XML
Schema double data type with the constraining facets minInclusive
set to 0 and maxInclusive
set to 1. termConfidence
represents
the confidence of the agents producing the annotation that the annotated
unit is a term or not. 1 represents the highest level of confidence.
termConfidence
does not provide
confidence information related to termInfoRef
.
Any node selected by the terminology data category with the termConfidence
attribute specified MUST be contained in an element with the annotatorsRef
(or in HTML its-annotators-ref
) attribute specified for the
Terminology data category. See Section 5.7: ITS 5.7: ITS Tools
Annotation for more information.
"color: #000096"><book its:version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" "color: #F5844C">its:annotatorsRef="terminology|http://example.com/term-tool"> "color: #000096"><head>...</head> "color: #000096"><body> ...And he said: you need a new"color: #000096"><p>And he said: you need a new "color: #000096"><quote its:term="yes" "color: #F5844C">its:termInfoRef="http://www.directron.com/motherboards1.html" "color: #F5844C">its:termConfidence="0.5">motherboard</quote></p> ..."color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></book>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-terms-selector-4.xml ]
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> "color: #000096"><html lang=en> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Terminology test: default</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p>We need a new <span its-term=yes>motherboard</span> "color: #000096"></p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-term-html5-local-1.html ]
Note:
At the time of writing, enhancements are being discussed in the context of HTML5 that are expected to change the approach to marking up Directionality , in particular to support content where directionality needs to be isolated from that of surrounding content. However, these enhancements are not finalized yet. This section therefore reflects directionality markup in [HTML 4.01] ; enhancements in HTML5 will be reflected in a future revision.
The Directionality data category allows the user to specify the base writing direction of blocks, embeddings, and overrides for the Unicode bidirectional algorithm. It has four values: "ltr", "rtl", "lro" and "rlo".
Note:
ITS defines only the values of the Directionality data category and their inheritance. The behavior of text labeled in this way may vary, according to the implementation. Implementers are encouraged, however, to model the behavior on that described in the CSS 2.1 specification or its successor. In such a case, the effect of the data category's values would correspond to the following CSS rules:
Data category value: "ltr" (left-to-right text)
CSS rule: *[dir="ltr"] { unicode-bidi: embed; direction:
ltr}
Data category value: "rtl" (right-to-left text)
CSS rule: *[dir="rtl"] { unicode-bidi: embed; direction:
rtl}
Data category value: "lro" (left-to-right override)
CSS rule: *[dir="lro"] { unicode-bidi: bidi-override; direction:
ltr}
Data category value: "rlo" (right-to-left override)
CSS rule: *[dir="rlo"] { unicode-bidi: bidi-override; direction:
rtl}
More information about how to use this data category is provided by [Bidi Article] .
The Directionality data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on an individual element. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements and attributes. The default is that both elements and attributes have the directionality of left-to-right.
GLOBAL: The dirRule
element contains the following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
A required dir
attribute with the
value "ltr", "rtl", "lro" or "rlo".
In this document the right-to-left directionality is marked using a
פעילות ×”×‘×™× ×ו×, W3C means "Internationalization
Activity, W3C", and the order of characters is פעילות ×”×‘×™× ×ו×, W3C
direction
attribute with a value "rtlText".
"color: #000096"><text xml:lang="en"> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><par>In Hebrew, the title <quote xml:lang="he" direction="rtlText">פעילות ×”×‘×™× ×ו×, W3C</quote> means "Internationalization Activity, W3C", and the order of characters is <bdo direction='rtlText'>פעילות ×”×‘×™× ×ו×, W3C</bdo>.</par> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></text>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-dir-selector-1.xml ]
The dirRule
element indicates that
all elements with an attribute direction="rtlText"
have
right-to-left content, except that bdo elements with
that attribute have right-to-left override content. elements with that attribute have right-to-left override
content.
"color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:dirRule dir="rtl" selector="//*[@direction='rtlText']"/> "color: #000096"><its:dirRule dir="rlo" selector="//bdo[@direction='rtlText']"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-dir-selector-2.xml ]
LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the Directionality data category:
A dir
attribute with the value
"ltr", "rtl", "lro" or "rlo".
Note:
[HTML 4.01] does not have the "lro"
and "rlo" values for its dir
attribute, so these values are not
used for HTML documents. HTML uses an inline bdo
element
instead.
On the first quote
element, the its:dir="rtl"
attribute indicates a right-to-left content. نشاط
التدويل، W3C indicates a right-to-left
content.
"color: #000096"><text xml:lang="en" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><par>In Arabic, the title <quote xml:lang="ar" its:dir="rtl">نشاط التدويل، W3C</quote> means "Internationalization Activity, W3C".</par> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></text>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-dir-selector-3.xml ]
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> "color: #000096"><html lang=en> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Dir test: Default</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p>In Arabic, the title <q dir=rtl lang=ar>نشاط التدويل، W3C</q> means "Internationalization Activity, W3C".</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-dir-html5-local-1.html ]
The element langRule
is used to express
the language of a given piece of content. The langPointer
attribute points to the markup that
expresses the language of the text selected by the selector attribute. This
markup MUST use values that conform to [BCP47] . The recommended
way to specify language identification is to use xml:lang
in XML,
and lang
in HTML. The langRule
element is intended only as a fall-back
mechanism for documents where language is identified with another
construct.
The following langRule
element
expresses that the content of all p
elements (including
attribute values and textual content of child elements) are in the language
indicated by mylangattribute
, which is attached to the
p
elements, and expresses language using values conformant to conformant to
[BCP47] .
"color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:langRule selector="//p" langPointer="@mylangattribute"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-lang-definition-1.xml ]
Note:
The Language Information data category
only provides for rules to be expressed at a global level. Locally users are
able to use xml:lang
(which is defined by XML), or
lang
in HTML, or an attribute specific to the format in question
(as in Example 45 ).
In XML xml:lang
is the preferable means of language
identification. To ease the usage of xml:lang
, a declaration
for this attribute is part of the non-normative XML DTD and XML Schema
document for ITS markup declarations. There is no declaration of
xml:lang
in the non-normative RELAX NG document for ITS, since
in RELAX NG it is not necessary to declare attributes from the XML
namespace.
Applying the Language Information data
category to xml:lang
attributes using global rules is not
necessary, since xml:lang
is the standard way to specify
language information in [XML
1.0] .
In HTML lang
is the mandated means of language
identification.
The Language Information data category can be expressed only with global rules. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements and attributes. There is no default.
GLOBAL: The langRule
element contains the following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
A required langPointer
attribute
that contains a relative selector pointing to a
node that contains language information. If the attribute
xml:lang
is present or lang
in HTML for the
selected node, the value of the xml:lang
attribute or
lang
in HTML MUST take precedence over
the langPointer
value.
The Elements Within Text data category reveals if and how an element affects the way text content behaves from a linguistic viewpoint. This information is for example relevant to provide basic text segmentation hints for tools such as translation memory systems. The values associated with this data category are:
"yes": The element and its content are part of the flow of its parent
element. For example the element strong
in [XHTML 1.0] :
<strong>Appaloosa horses</strong> have spotted
coats.
"nested": The element is part of the flow of its parent element, its
content is an independent flow. For example the element fn
in
[DITA 1.0] :
Palouse horses<fn>A Palouse horse is the same as an
Appaloosa.</fn> have spotted coats.
"no": The element splits the text flow of its parent element and its
content is an independent text flow. For example the element p
when inside the element li
in DITA or XHTML:
<li>Palouse horses: <p>They have spotted
coats.</p> <p>They have been bred by the Nez Perce.</p>
</li>
The Elements Within Text data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on an individual element. There is no inheritance.
For XML: The default is that elements are not within text.
For HTML: The default is that elements are not within text, with the following exceptions:
For the elements that are part of the HTML5
phrasing content the default is withinText="yes"
, with
the following exceptions:
For the elements iframe
,
noscript
, script
and textarea
the default is
withinText="nested"
.
In this document the different flows of text are the following (brackets
indicating inline or nested elements):
- "Elements within Text defaults for HTML5"
- "The element p is not within text. But [the element em is]."
- "A button [Click Here] is also within text. But [] is nested."
- "The content of textarea"
- "Some additional text... [] []"
- "The script element is nested."
- "The noscript element is nested."
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> <html>is also within text. But"color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Elements within Text defaults for HTML5</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p>The element p is not within text. But <em>the element em is</em>.</p> "color: #000096"><p>A button <button onclick="display()">Click Here</button> is also within text. But <textarea>The content of textarea</textarea> is nested.</p> Some additional text...<!--"color: #000096"><script><!-- function display() { alert("The script element is nested."); } //-->"color: #000096"></script> "color: #000096"><noscript>The noscript element is nested.</noscript> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-within-text-defaults-html5-1.html ]
GLOBAL: The withinTextRule
element contains the following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
A required withinText
attribute
with the value "yes", "no" or "nested".
"no" or "nested".
"color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:withinTextRule withinText="yes" selector="//b | //em | //i"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-within-text-implementation-1.xml ]
LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the Elements Within Text data category:
A withinText
attribute with the
values "yes", "no" or "nested".
"color: #000096"><text xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><par>Text with <bold its:withinText="yes">bold</bold>.</par> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></text>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-within-text-local-1.xml ]
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> <html></html>"color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Within text test: Default</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p>Text with <span its-within-text='yes'>bold</span>.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-within-text-local-html5-1.html ]
The Domain data category is used to identify the topic or subject of content. Such information allows for more relevant linguistic choices during various processes.
Examples of usage include:
Allowing machine translation systems to select the most appropriate engine and rules to translate the content.
Providing a general indication of what terminology collection is most suitable for use by translators.
This data category addresses various challenges:
Often domain-related information already exists in the document (e.g.,
keywords in the HTML meta
element). The Domain data category provides a mechanism to point to this
information.
There are many flat or structured lists of domain related values, keywords, key phrases, classification codes, ontologies, etc. The Domain data category does not propose its own given list. Instead it provides a mapping mechanism to associate the values in the document with the values used by the consumer tool.
The Domain data category can be expressed only with global rules. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements and attributes. There is no default.
The information provided by this data category is a comma-separated list of one or more values, which is obtained by applying the following algorithm:
STEP 1: Set the initial value of the resulting string as an empty string.
STEP 2: Get the list of nodes resulting of the evaluation of the
domainPointer
attribute.
STEP 3: For each node:
STEP 3-1: If the node value contains a COMMA (U+002C):
STEP 3-1-1: Split the node value into separate strings using the COMMA (U+002C) as separator.
STEP 3-1-2: For each string:
STEP 3-1-2-1: Trim the leading and trailing white spaces of the string.
STEP 3-1-2-2: If the first character of the value is an APOSTROPHE (U+0027) or a QUOTATION MARK (U+0022): Remove it.
STEP 3-1-2-3: If the last character of the value is an APOSTROPHE (U+0027) or a QUOTATION MARK (U+0022): Remove it.
STEP 3-1-2-4: If the value is empty: Go to STEP 3-1-2.
STEP 3-1-2-5: Check the domainMapping
attribute
to see if there is a mapping set for the string:
STEP 3-1-2-5-1. If a mapping is found: Add the corresponding value to the result string.
STEP 3-1-2-5-2. Else (if no mapping is found): Add the string to the result string.
STEP 3-2: Else (if the node value does not contain a COMMA (U+002C)):
STEP 3-2-1: Trim the leading and trailing white spaces of the string.
STEP 3-2-2: If the first character of the value is an APOSTROPHE (U+0027) or a QUOTATION MARK (U+0022): Remove it.
STEP 3-2-3: If the last character of the value is an APOSTROPHE (U+0027) or a QUOTATION MARK (U+0022): Remove it.
STEP 3-2-4: If the value is empty: Go to STEP 3.
STEP 3-2-5: Check if there is a mapping for the string:
STEP 3-2-5-1: If a mapping is found: Add the corresponding value to the result string.
STEP 3-2-5-2: Else (if no mapping is found): Add the string (in its original cases) to the result string.
STEP 4: Remove duplicated values from the resulting string.
STEP 5: Return the resulting string.
GLOBAL: The domainRule
element contains the following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
A required domainPointer
attribute
that contains a relative selector pointing to a
node that contains the domain information.
An optional domainMapping
attribute
that contains a comma separated list of mappings between values in the
content and consumer tool specific values. The left part of the pair
corresponds to the source content and is unique within the mapping and
case-sensitive. The right part of the mapping belongs to the consumer tool.
Several left parts can map to a single right part. The values in the left
or the right part of the mapping may contain spaces; in that case they
MUST be delimited by quotation marks, that is
pairs of APOSTROPHE (U+0027) or QUOTATION MARK (U+0022).
Note:
Although the domainMapping
attribute
it is optional, its usage is recommended. Many commercial machine translation
systems use their own domain definitions; the domainMapping
attribute will foster interoperability
between these definitions and metadata items like keywords
or
dcterms.subject
in Web pages or other types of content.
Values used in the domainMapping
attribute are arbitrary strings. In some consumer systems or existing
content, the domain may be identified via an IRI like
http://example.com/domains/automotive
. The domainMapping
allows for using IRIs too. For the
mapping, they are regarded as ordinary string values.
Note:
Although the focus of ITS 2.0, and some of the usage scenarios addressed in ITS 2.0 High-level Usage Scenarios ) is on “single engine†environments, ITS 2.0 (for example in the context of the Domain data category) can accommodate ""workflow/multi engine" scenarios.
Example:
A scenario involves Machine Translation (MT) engines A and B. The domain labels used by engine A follow the naming scheme A_123, the one for engine B follow the naming scheme B_456.
A domainMapping
as follows is in
place: domainMapping="'sports law' Legal, 'property law' Legal"
Engine A maps 'Legal' to A_4711, Engine B maps 'Legal' to B_42.
Thus, ITS does not encode a process or workflow (like "Use MT engine A with domain A_4711, and use MT engine B with domain A_42"). Rather, it encodes information that can be used in workflows.
The domainRule
element expresses that
the content of the HTML body
element is in the domain expressed
by the HTML meta
element with the name
attribute,
value keywords
. The </its:rules> domainPointer
attribute points
to that meta
element.
"color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0" "color: #F5844C">xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> "color: #000096"><its:domainRule selector="/h:html/h:body" "color: #F5844C">domainPointer="/h:html/h:head/h:meta[@name='keywords']/@content"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-domain-1.xml ]
The domainRule
element expresses that
the content of the HTML body
element is in the domain expressed
by associated values. The domainPointer
attribute points to the values in the source content. In this case it points
to the meta
elements with the name
attribute set to
"keywords" or to "dcterms.subject". These elements hold the values in their
content
attributes. The domainMapping
attribute contains the comma-separated
list of mappings. In the example, "automotive" is available in the source
content, and "auto" is used within the consumer tool, e.g., a machine
translation system. system.
"color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0" "color: #F5844C">xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> "color: #000096"><its:domainRule selector="/h:html/h:body" "color: #F5844C">domainPointer="/h:html/h:head/h:meta[@name='dcterms.subject' or @name='keywords']/@content" "color: #F5844C">domainMapping="automotive auto, medical medicine, 'criminal law' law, 'property law' law"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-domain-2.xml ]
Note:
In HTML, one possible way how to express domain information is a
meta
element with the name
attribute set to
"keywords" (see standard
metadata names in HTML ). Alternatively, following the process for
other
metadata names the extension value of
"dcterms.subject" can be used. The usage of both "keywords" and
"dcterms.subject" is shown in example Example 51
.
In the area of machine translation (e.g., machine translation systems or
systems harvesting content for machine translation training), there is no
agreed upon set of value sets for domain. Nevertheless, it is recommended to
use a small set of values both in source content and within consumer tools,
to foster interoperability. If larger value sets are needed (e.g., detailed
terms in the law or medical domain), mappings to the smaller value set needed
for interoperability is to be provided. An example would be a domainMapping
attribute for generalizing the law
domain: domainMapping="'criminal law' law, 'property law' law,
'contract law' law"
.
It is possible to have more than one domain associated with a piece of content. For example, if the consumer tool is a statistical machine translation engine, it could include corpora from all domains available in the source content in training the machine translation engine.
The consumer machine translation engine might choose to ignore the domain and take a one-size-fits-all approach, or may be selective in which domains to use, based on the range of content marked with domain. For example, if the content has hundreds of sentences marked with domain "automotive" and "medical", but only a couple of sentences marked with additional domains "criminal law" and "property law", the consumer tool may opt to include its domains "auto" and "medicine", but not "law", since the extra training resources do not justify the improvement in the output. Guidance about appropriate actions in such cases is beyond the scope of this specification.
The Text Analysis data category is used to annotate content with lexical or conceptual information for the purpose of contextual disambiguation. This information can be provided by so-called text analysis software agents such as named entity recognizers, lexical concept disambiguators, etc., and is represented by either string valued or IRI references to possible resource descriptions. Example: A named entity recognizer provides the information that the string "Dublin" in a certain context denotes a town in Ireland.
While text analysis can be done by humans, this data category is targeted more at software agents.
The information can be used for several purposes, including, but not limited to:
Informing a human agent such as a translator that a certain fragment of textual content (so-called “text analysis targetâ€) may follow specific translation rules. Examples: proper names, brands, or officially regulated expressions.
Informing a software agent such as a content management system about the conceptual type of a textual entity to enable special processing. Examples: places, personal names, product names, or geographic names, chemical compounds, and protein names that are situated in a specific index.
The data category provides three pieces of annotation: confidence, entity type or concept class, entity identifier or concept identifier as specified in the following table.
Information | Description | Value | Example | Comments |
Text analysis confidence | The confidence of the agent (that produced the annotation)in its own computation | The XML Schema double data type with the constraining facets minInclusive set to 0 and maxInclusive set to 1 | 0.5647346 | The confidence value applies to two pieces of information (see the
following rows in this table). This is opposed to termConfidence which is part of the
Terminology data category. termConfidence represents the
confidence in just a single piece of information: the decision whether
something is a term or not (term). termConfidence does not relate to the
confidence about additional information about the term that can be
encoded with termInfoRef . |
Entity type / concept class | The type of entity, or concept class of the text analysis target | IRI | http://nerd.eurecom.fr/ontology#Location | |
Entity / concept identifier | A unique identifier for the text analysis target | Mode 1: Identifier (string value) of the collection source + identifier of the concept in that collection | "Wordnet3.0" to identify the collection resource; "301467919" to identify a synset in Wordnet3.0 | Mode 1 and mode 2 are mutually exclusive. They MUST NOT be used at the same time for the same text analysis target/node. |
Mode 2: Identifier ( IRI) of the text analysis target | http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dublin |
Note:
The use case for Text Analysis is distinct from that for the Terminology data category. Text Analysis informs human agents or software agents in cases where either explicit terminology information is not (yet) available, or would not be appropriate, e.g. conceptual information for general vocabulary.
Text Analysis support is achieved by associating a fragment of text with an external resource that can be interpreted by a language review agent. The agent may for example use the web resource to disambiguate the meaning or lexical choice of the fragment, and thereby contributing to its correct translation. The web resource may as well provide information on appropriate synonyms and example usage. This is for example the case if the web resource is WordNet [WordNet] . In the case of a concept class , the external resource may provide a formalized conceptual definition arranged in a hierarchical framework of related concepts. In the case of a named entity, the external resource may provide a full-fledged description of the associated real world entity.
Extended example: The word 'City' in the fragment 'I am going to the City' may be enhanced by one of the following:
one of WordNet's synsets that can be represented by 'city'
an ontological concept of 'City' that could represent a subclass of 'Populated Place' as a concept
the central area of a particular city – as interpreted as an entity instance (e.g., 'City of London')
Note:
A given document fragment can only be annotated once. When support for multiple annotations is necessary (e.g., when all three of the annotations in the extended example above need to be accommodated) NIF 2.0, TEI Stand-off Markup , or other so-called stand-off annotation mechanisms is better suitable.
Some external resources such as DBpedia also provide information for some ontological concepts and named entity definitions in multiple languages, and this facilitates translation even more because a possible link traversal would allow a direct access to foreign language labels for named entities.
The Text Analysis data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on an individual element. There is no inheritance.
Note:
This specification defines a normative way to represent text analysis information in XML and HTML locally . However, text analysis information can also be represented in other formats, e.g., JSON . The Internationalization Tag Set Interest Group maintains a description of such alternative serializations . Readers of this specification are encouraged to evaluate whether that description fulfills their needs and to provide comments in the ITS IG mailing list (public archive) .
GLOBAL: The textAnalysisRule
element contains the following:
A required selector
attribute that
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
At least one of the following:
A taClassRefPointer
attribute
that contains a relative selector pointing to
a node that holds an IRI, which implements the entity type / concept class
information.
Exactly one of the following:
When using identification mode 1 : A taSourcePointer
attribute that contains a
relative selector to a node that holds the
identifier of the collection
source ; and a taIdentPointer
attribute that contains a
relative selector to a node that holds the identifier of the concept in the
collection .
When using identification mode 2 : A taIdentRefPointer
attribute that contains
a relative selector pointing to a node
that holds an IRI that holds the identifier of the text analysis
target .
For an example, see Example 54 .
LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the Text Analysis data category:
An optional taConfidence
attribute
that implements the text analysis
confidence .
At least one of the following:
A taClassRef
attribute that
holds an IRI, which implements the Entity type / concept class
information.
Exactly one of the following:
When using identification mode 1 : A taSource
attribute that holds the identifier of the collection source
, and a taIdent
attribute that
holds the identifier of the
concept in the collection .
When using identification mode 2 : A taIdentRef
attribute that holds the
identifier of the text analysis
target .
Any node selected by the Text Analysis data
category with the taConfidence
attribute
specified MUST be contained in an element with the
annotatorsRef
(or in HTML its-annotators-ref
) attribute specified for the
Text Analysis data category. For more information,
see is the > </html> Section
5.7: ITS Tools Annotation .
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> "color: #000096"><html lang="en" its-annotators-ref="text-analysis|http://enrycher.ijs.si"> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset="utf-8" /> "color: #000096"><title>Text analysis: Local Test</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p><span "color: #F5844C">its-ta-confidence="0.7" "color: #F5844C">its-ta-class-ref="http://nerd.eurecom.fr/ontology#Location" "color: #F5844C">its-ta-ident-ref="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dublin">Dublin</span> is the <span "color: #F5844C">its-ta-source="Wordnet3.0" "color: #F5844C">its-ta-ident="301467919" "color: #F5844C">its-ta-confidence="0.5" >capital</span> of Ireland.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-text-analysis-html5-local-1.html ]
Note:
For expressing Entity type / concept class information, implementers are encouraged to use an existing repository of entity types such as the Named Entity Recognition and Disambiguation [NERD] ontology. Of course this requires that the repository satisfies the constraints imposed by the text analysis data category (e.g., use of IRIs).
Various target types can be expressed via Entity type / concept class : types of entities, types of lexical concepts, or ontology concepts. While a relationship between these types may exist, this specification does not prescribe a way of automatically inferring a one target type from another.
Note:
Text Analysis is primarily intended for textual content. Nevertheless, the data category can also be used in multimedia contexts. Example: objects on an image could be annotated with DBpedia IRIs.
When serializing the Text Analysis data category markup in HTML, one way to serialize the markup is RDFa Lite or Microdata. This serialization is due to the existing search and crawling infrastructure that is able to consume these formats. For other usage scenarios (e.g., adding text annotation to feed into a subsequent terminology process), using native ITS Text Analysis data category markup is preferred. In this way, the markup easily can be stripped out again later.
taClassRefPointer
, and taIdentRefPointer
, in HTML+RDFa Lite.
See Example
54 for the companion document with the mapping
data. is the capital of Ireland. </html> for the companion document with the mapping data.
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> "color: #000096"><html lang=en> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><link href=EX-text-analysis-html5-rdfa.xml rel=its-rules> "color: #000096"><title>Entity: Local Test</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p><span property="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name" "color: #F5844C">about="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dublin" "color: #F5844C">typeof="http:/nerd.eurecom.fr/ontology#Location">Dublin</span> is the capital of Ireland.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-text-analysis-html5-rdfa.html ]
<its:rules xmlns:its = "http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version = "2.0" > <its:textAnalysisRule selector = "//*[@typeof and @about]" taClassRefPointer = "@typeof" taIdentRefPointer = "@about" /> </its:rules>"color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:textAnalysisRule selector="//*[@typeof and @about]" "color: #F5844C">taClassRefPointer="@typeof" taIdentRefPointer="@about"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-text-analysis-html5-rdfa.xml ]
The Locale Filter data category specifies that a node is only applicable to certain locales.
This data category can be used for several purposes, including, but not limited to:
Including a legal notice only in locales for certain regions.
Dropping editorial notes from all localized output.
The Locale Filter data category associates with each selected node a filter type and a list of extended language ranges conforming to [BCP47] .
The list is comma-separated and can include the wildcard extended language range "*". The list can also be empty. Whitespace surrounding language ranges is ignored.
The type can take the values "include" or "exclude":
A single wildcard "*" with a type "include" indicates that the selected content applies to all locales.
A single wildcard "*" with a type "exclude" indicates that the selected content applies to no locale.
An empty string with a type "include" indicates that the selected content applies to no locale.
An empty string with a type "exclude" indicates that the selected content applies to all locales.
Otherwise, with a type "include", the selected content applies to the locales for which the language tag has a match in the list when using the Extended Filtering algorithm defined in [BCP47] .
If, instead, the type is "exclude", the selected content applies to the locales for which the language tag does not have a match in the list when using the Extended Filtering algorithm defined in [BCP47] .
The Locale Filter data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on an individual element. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements and attributes. The default is that the language range is "*" and the type is "include".
GLOBAL: The localeFilterRule
element contains the following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
A required localeFilterList
attribute with a comma-separated list of extended language ranges, or an
empty string value.
An optional localeFilterType
attribute with a value "include" or "exclude".
This document contain three localeFilterRule
elements: The first one specifies
that the elements legalnotice
with a role
set to
"Canada" apply only to the Canadian locales. The second one specifies that
the elements legalnotice
with a role
set to
"nonCanada" apply to all locales that are not Canadian. And the third one
specifies that none of the specifies that none of the remark
elements apply to any
locale.
"color: #000096"><book xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><info> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:localeFilterRule selector="//legalnotice[@role='Canada']" "color: #F5844C">localeFilterList="*-CA"/> "color: #000096"><its:localeFilterRule selector="//legalnotice[@role='nonCanada']" "color: #F5844C">localeFilterList="*-CA" localeFilterType="exclude"/> "color: #000096"><its:localeFilterRule selector="//remark" "color: #F5844C">localeFilterList=""/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><legalnotice role="Canada"> "color: #000096"><para>This notice is only for Canadian locales.</para> "color: #000096"></legalnotice> "color: #000096"><legalnotice role="nonCanada"> "color: #000096"><para>This notice is for locales that are non-Canadian locales.</para> "color: #000096"></legalnotice> "color: #000096"><remark>Note: This section will be written later.</remark> "color: #000096"></info> "color: #000096"></book>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locale-filter-selector-1.xml ]
LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the Locale Filter data category:
A localeFilterList
attribute with a
comma-separated list of extended language ranges, or an empty string
value.
An optional localeFilterType
attribute with a value "include" or "exclude".
In this example the Locale Filter data
category is used to select different sections depending on whether the locale
is a Canadian one or not. one or not.
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> <html>"color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Locale filter</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><div its-locale-filter-list="*-ca"> "color: #000096"><p>Text for Canadian locales.</p> "color: #000096"></div> "color: #000096"><div its-locale-filter-list="*-ca" its-locale-filter-type="exclude"> "color: #000096"><p>Text for non-Canadian locales.</p> "color: #000096"></div> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-locale-filter-local-html5-1.html ]
"color: #000096"><book xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><info> "color: #000096"><legalnotice its:localeFilterList="en-CA, fr-CA"> "color: #000096"><para>This legal notice is only for English and French Canadian locales.</para> "color: #000096"></legalnotice> "color: #000096"></info> "color: #000096"></book>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locale-filter-attribute-1.xml ]
The Provenance data category is used to communicate the identity of agents that have been involved in the translation of the content or the revision of the translated content. This allows translation and translation revision consumers, such as post-editors, translation quality reviewers, or localization workflow managers, to assess how the performance of these agents may impact the quality of the translation. Translation and translation revision agents can be identified as a person, a piece of software or an organization that has been involved in providing a translation that resulted in the selected content.
This data category offers three types of information. First, it allows identification of translation agents. Second, it allows identification of revision agents. Third, if provenance information is needed that includes temporal or sequence information about translation processes (e.g. multiple revision cycles) or requires agents that support a wider range of activities, the data category offers a mechanism to refer to external provenance information.
Note:
The specification does not define the format of external provenance information, but it is recommended that an open provenance or change-logging format be used, e.g. the W3C provenance data model [PROV-DM] .
Translation or translation revision tools, such as machine translation engines or computer assisted translation tools, may offer an easy way to create this information. Translation tools can then present this information to post-editors or translation workflow managers. Web applications may to present such information to consumers of translated documents.
The data category defines seven pieces of information:
Information | Description | Value |
Human provenance information | Identification of a human translation agent | A string or an IRI (only for the Ref attributes) |
Organizational provenance information | Identification of an organization acting as a translation agent | A string or an IRI (only for the Ref attributes) |
Tool-related provenance information | Identification of a software tool that was used in translating the selected content | A string or an IRI (only for the Ref attributes) |
Human revision provenance information | Identification of a human translation revision agent | A string or an IRI (only for the Ref attributes) |
Organizational revision provenance information | Identification of an organization acting as a translation revision agent | A string or an IRI (only for the Ref attributes) |
Tool-related revision provenance information | Identification of a software tool that was used in revising the translation of the selected content | A string or an IRI (only for the Ref attributes) |
Reference to external provenance information | A reference to external provenance information | A space (U+0020) separated list of IRIs |
Note:
The tool related provenance and tool related revision provenance pieces of
information are not meant to express information about tools used for
creating ITS annotations themselves. For this purpose, ITS 2.0 provides a
separate mechanism. See Section 5.7: ITS
5.7: ITS Tools Annotation for details,
especially the note on
annotatorsRef usage scenarios .
The Provenance data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on individual elements. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements and attributes.
GLOBAL: The provRule
element contains the following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
A provenanceRecordsRefPointer
attribute that contains a relative selector
pointing to a node containing a list of provenance records . These are related to the
content selected via the selector
attribute.
This example expresses provenance information in a standoff manner using
provenanceRecords
elements. The provRule
element specifies that for any element with
a ref
attribute that ref
attribute holds a
reference to an associated provenanceRecords
element where the provenance
information is listed. The legalnotice
element has been revised
two times. Hence, the related provenanceRecords
element contains two This text was translated directly by a person.
</text> two provenanceRecord
child elements.
"color: #000096"><text xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" "color: #F5844C">xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><dc:creator>John Doe</dc:creator> "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecords xml:id="pr1"> "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecord "color: #F5844C">toolRef="http://www.example.onlinemtex.com/2012/7/25/wsdl/" "color: #F5844C">org="acme-CAT-v2.3" "color: #F5844C">revToolRef="http://www.mycat.com/v1.0/download" "color: #F5844C">revOrg="acme-CAT-v2.3" "color: #F5844C">provRef="http://www.examplelsp.com/excontent987/production/prov/e6354"/> "color: #000096"></its:provenanceRecords> "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecords xml:id="pr2"> "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecord "color: #F5844C">person="John Doe" "color: #F5844C">orgRef="http://www.legaltrans-ex.com" "color: #F5844C">revPerson="Tommy Atkins" "color: #F5844C">revOrgRef="http://www.example.myorg.com" "color: #F5844C">provRef="http://www.example.myorg.com/job-12-7-15-X31/reviewed/prov/re8573469"/> "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecord "color: #F5844C">revPerson="John Smith" "color: #F5844C">revOrgRef="http://john-smith.qa.example.com"/> "color: #000096"></its:provenanceRecords> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:provRule selector="//*[@ref]" provenanceRecordsRefPointer="@ref"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><title>Translation Revision Provenance Agent: Global Test in XML</title> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><par ref="#pr1"> This paragraph was translated from the machine.</par> "color: #000096"><legalnotice postediting-by="http://www.example.myorg.com" ref="#pr2">This text was translated directly by a person.</legalnotice> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></text>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-provenance-global-1.xml ]
LOCAL: Using the inline markup to represent the data
category locally is limited to a single occurrence for a given content (e.g.,
one cannot have different toolRef
attributes applied to the same span of text because the inner-most one would
override the others). A local standoff markup is provided to allow
such cases.
The following local markup is available for the Provenance data category:
Either (inline markup): at least one of the following attributes:
A person
or personRef
attribute that implements the
human provenance information .
An org
or orgRef
attribute that implements the organizational provenance information .
A tool
or toolRef
attribute that implements the tool-related provenance information .
A revPerson
or revPersonRef
attribute that implements the
human revision provenance information
.
A revOrg
or revOrgRef
attribute that implements the
organizational revision provenance
information .
A revTool
or revToolRef
attribute that implements the
tool-related revision provenance
information .
A provRef
attribute that
implements the reference to external
provenance descriptions .
Or (standoff markup):
A provenanceRecordsRef
attribute. Its value is an IRI pointing to the provenanceRecords
element containing the list
of provenance records related to
this content.
An element provenanceRecords
, which contains:
One or more elements provenanceRecord
, each of which contains
at least one of the following attributes:
A person
or
personRef
attribute that
implements the human provenance
information .
An org
or orgRef
attribute that implements the
organizational provenance
information .
A tool
or toolRef
attribute that implements the
tool-related provenance
information .
A revPerson
or
revPersonRef
attribute
that implements the human revision
provenance information .
A revOrg
or
revOrgRef
attribute that
implements the organizational
revision provenance information .
A revTool
or
revToolRef
attribute that
implements the tool-related revision
provenance information .
A provRef
attribute
that implements the reference to
external provenance descriptions .
Note:
Ideally the order of provenanceRecord
elements within a provenanceRecords
element reflects the order
with which they were added to the document, with the most recently added
one listed first.
When the attributes person
,
personRef
, org
, orgRef
, tool
, toolRef
, revPerson
, revPersonRef
, revOrg
, revOrgRef
, revTool
, revToolRef
and provRef
are used in a standoff manner, the
information they carry pertains to the content of the element that refers
to the standoff annotation, not to the content of the element provenanceRecord
where they are declared.
In HTML the standoff markup
MUST either be stored inside a
script
element in the same HTML document, or be linked from
any provenanceRecordsRef
to an
external XML or HTML file with the standoff inside. If standoff is inside a
script
element that element MUST
have a type
attribute with the value
application/its+xml
. Its id
attribute MUST be set to the same value as the
xml:id
attribute of the provenanceRecords
element it contains.
The provenance related attributes at the par
and
legalnotice
elements are used to associate the provenance
information directly with the content of these
elements. > > </text> directly with
the content of these elements.
"color: #000096"><text xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" "color: #F5844C">xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><title>Translation Revision Provenance Agent: Local Test in XML</title> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><par its:toolRef="http://www.onlinemtex.com/2012/7/25/wsdl/" "color: #F5844C">its:org="acme-CAT-v2.3" "color: #F5844C">its:revToolRef="http://www.mycat.com/v1.0/download" "color: #F5844C">its:revOrg="acme-CAT-v2.3" "color: #F5844C">its:provRef="http://www.example.lsp1.com/prov/e6354 http://www.example.lsp2.com/prov/e7738" >This paragraph was translated from the machine.</par> "color: #000096"><legalnotice its:person="John Doe" "color: #F5844C">its:orgRef="http://www.legaltrans-ex.com/" "color: #F5844C">its:provRef="http://www.examplelsp.com/excontent987/legal/prov/e6354" "color: #F5844C">its:revPerson="Tommy Atkins" "color: #F5844C">its:revOrgRef="http://www.example.myorg.com" >This text was translated directly by a person.</legalnotice> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></text>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-provenance-local-1.xml ]
In this example several spans of content are associated with provenance
information. > > </html> information.
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> "color: #000096"><html lang=en> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Provenance Agent: Local Test in HTML5</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p its-tool-ref="http://www.onlinemtex.com/2012/7/25/wsdl/" "color: #F5844C">its-org="acme-CAT-v2.3" "color: #F5844C">its-prov-ref="http://www.examplelsp.com/excontent987/production/prov/e6354" "color: #F5844C">its-rev-org="acme-CAT-v2.3" >This paragraph was translated from the machine.</p> "color: #000096"><p class="legal-notice" "color: #F5844C">its-person="John Doe" "color: #F5844C">its-org-ref="http://www.legaltrans-ex.com/" "color: #F5844C">its-prov-ref="http://www.examplelsp.com/excontent987/legal/prov/e6354" "color: #F5844C">its-rev-person="Tommy Atkins" its-rev-org-ref="http://www.example.myorg.com" >This text was translated directly by a person.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-provenance-html5-local-1.html ]
The following example shows a document using local standoff markup to
encode provenance information. The p
elements delimit the
content to markup. They hold its-provenance-records-ref
attributes that point to
the standoff information inside the standoff information inside the script
elements.
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> <html></html>"color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Test</title> "color: #000096"><script id=pr1 type=application/its+xml> "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecords xml:id="pr1" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecord "color: #F5844C">toolRef="http://www.onlinemtex.com/2012/7/25/wsdl/" "color: #F5844C">org="acme-CAT-v2.3" "color: #F5844C">provRef="http://www.examplelsp.com/excontent987/production/prov/e6354" "color: #F5844C">revToolRef="http://www.mycat.com/v1.0/download" "color: #F5844C">revOrg="acme-CAT-v2.3" /> "color: #000096"></its:provenanceRecords> "color: #000096"></script> "color: #000096"><script id=pr2 type=application/its+xml> "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecords xml:id="pr2" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecord "color: #F5844C">person="John Doe" "color: #F5844C">orgRef="http://www.legaltrans-ex.com/" "color: #F5844C">provRef="http://www.examplelsp.com/excontent987/legal/prov/e6354" "color: #F5844C">revPerson="Tommy Atkins" "color: #F5844C">revOrgRef="http://www.example.myorg.com" /> "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecord "color: #F5844C">revPerson="John Smith" "color: #F5844C">revOrgRef="http://john-smith.qa.example.com" /> "color: #000096"></its:provenanceRecords> "color: #000096"></script> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p its-provenance-records-ref="#pr1">This paragraph was translated from the machine.</p> "color: #000096"><p its-provenance-records-ref="#pr2">This text was translated directly by a person.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-provenance-html5-local-2.html ]
The External Resource data category indicates that a node represents or references potentially translatable data in a resource outside the document. Examples of such resources are external images and audio or video files.
The External Resource data category can be expressed only with global rules. There is no inheritance. There is no default.
GLOBAL: The externalResourceRefRule
element contains the
following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
A required externalResourceRefPointer
attribute that contains
a relative selector pointing to a node that
provides the IRI of the external resource.
The externalResourceRefRule
element
expresses that the imagedata
, audiodata
and
videodata
elements contain references to external resources.
These references are expressed via a fileref
attribute. The
externalResourceRefPointer
attribute points to that attribute. This video illustrates the
proper way to assemble an inverting time distortion device. It is imperative
that the primary and secondary temporal attribute
points to that attribute.
"color: #000096"><doc xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" "color: #F5844C">xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:externalResourceRefRule "color: #F5844C">selector="//db:imagedata | //db:audiodata | //db:videodata" "color: #F5844C">externalResourceRefPointer="@fileref"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><db:mediaobject> "color: #000096"><db:videoobject> "color: #000096"><db:videodata fileref="movie.avi"/> "color: #000096"></db:videoobject> "color: #000096"><db:imageobject> "color: #000096"><db:imagedata fileref="movie-frame.gif"/> "color: #000096"></db:imageobject> "color: #000096"><db:textobject> "color: #000096"><db:para>This video illustrates the proper way to assemble an inverting time distortion device. </db:para> "color: #000096"><db:warning> "color: #000096"><db:para> It is imperative that the primary and secondary temporal couplings not be mounted in the wrong order. Temporal catastrophe isthe likely result. The future you destroy may be your own.the likely result. The future you destroy may be your own. </db:para> "color: #000096"></db:warning> "color: #000096"></db:textobject> "color: #000096"></db:mediaobject> </doc>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-externalresource-1.xml ]
externalResourceRefRule
elements used for external
resources associated with HTML video
elements
The two externalResourceRefRule
elements select the src
and the poster
attributes
at HTML video
elements. These attributes identify different
external resources, and at the same time contain the references to these
resources. For this reason, the externalResourceRefPointer
attributes point to the
value of src
and poster
respectively. The
underlying HTML document is given in document is given in Example 64
.
"color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" "color: #F5844C">xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> "color: #000096"><its:externalResourceRefRule selector="//html:video/@src" "color: #F5844C">externalResourceRefPointer="."/> "color: #000096"><its:externalResourceRefRule selector="//html:video/@poster" "color: #F5844C">externalResourceRefPointer="."/> "color: #000096"></its:rules>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-externalresource-2.xml ]
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang = en > <head> <meta charset = utf-8 > <title> Video element example </title> </head> <body> <video height = 360 poster = http://www.example.com/video-image.png src = http://www.example.com/video/v2.mp width = 640 > <p> If your browser doesn't support the <code> video </code> element, you can <a href = http://www.example.com/video/v2.mp > download the video </a> instead. </p> </video> </body> </html>"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> "color: #000096"><html lang=en> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Video element example</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><video "color: #F5844C">height=360 "color: #F5844C">poster=http://www.example.com/video-image.png "color: #F5844C">src=http://www.example.com/video/v2.mp "color: #F5844C">width=640> "color: #000096"><p>If your browser doesn't support the <code>video</code> element, you can "color: #000096"><a href=http://www.example.com/video/v2.mp>download the video</a> instead.</p> "color: #000096"></video> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-externalresource-html5-1.html ]
Some formats, such as those designed for localization or for multilingual resources, hold the same content in different languages inside a single document. The Target Pointer data category is used to associate the node of a given source content (i.e., the content to be translated) and the node of its corresponding target content (i.e., the source content translated into a given target language).
This specification makes no provision regarding the presence of the target nodes or their content: A target node may or may not exist and it may or may not have content.
This data category can be used for several purposes, including but not limited to:
Extract the source content to translate and put back the translation at its proper location.
Compare source and target content for quality verification.
Reuse existing translations when localizing the new version of an existing document.
Access aligned bi-lingual content to build memories, or to train machine translation engines.
Note:
In general, it is recommended to avoid developing formats where the same content is stored in different languages in the same document, except for very specific use cases. See the best practices “ Working with multilingual documents †from [XML i18n BP] for further guidance.
The Target Pointer data category can be expressed only with global rules. There is no inheritance. There is no default.
GLOBAL: The targetPointerRule
element contains the following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
A required targetPointer
attribute.
It contains a relative selector that points to the
node for the target content corresponding to the selected source node.
Note:
The source node and the target node may be of different types, but the target node has to contain the same content as the source node (e.g., an attribute node cannot be the target node of a source node that is an element with children).
targetPointerRule
element
<file> "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="/file" translate="no"/> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//source" translate="yes"/> "color: #000096"><its:targetPointerRule selector="//source" targetPointer="../target"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><entry id="one"> "color: #000096"><source>Remember last folder</source> "color: #000096"><target/> "color: #000096"></entry> "color: #000096"><entry id="two"> "color: #000096"><source>Custom file filter:</source> "color: #000096"><target/> "color: #000096"></entry> "color: #000096"></file>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-target-pointer-global-1.xml ]
The ID Value data category indicates a value that can be used as unique identifier for a given part of the content.
The recommended way to specify a unique identifier is to use
xml:id
[XML ID]
or id
in HTML (See the best practice “ Defining
markup for unique identifiers †from [XML i18n
BP] ). The idValueRule
element is
intended only as a fall-back mechanism for documents in which unique
identifiers are available with another construct.
Providing a unique identifier that is maintained in the original document can be useful for several purposes, for example:
Allow automated alignment between different versions of the source document, or between source and translated documents.
Improve the confidence in leveraged translation for exact matches.
Provide backtracking information between displayed text and source material when testing or debugging.
Note:
The ID Value data category only provides for
rules to be expressed at a global level. Locally, users are able to use
xml:id
(which is defined by XML) or id
in HTML,
or an attribute specific to the format in question (as in Example 68 ).
Applying the ID Value data category to
xml:id
(in XML) or id
(in HTML) attributes in
global rules is not necessary, since these attributes are the recommended
way to specify an identifier.
The ID Value data category can be expressed only with global rules. There is no inheritance. There is no default.
GLOBAL: The idValueRule
element contains the following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
A required idValue
attribute. It contains any XPath
expression; the context for the evaluation of the XPath expression is the
same as for relative selectors . The evaluation of
the XPath expression constructs a string corresponding to the identifier of
the node to which this rule applies. The identifier MUST be unique at least within the document. If the
attribute xml:id
is present or id
in HTML for the
selected node, the value of the xml:id
attribute or
id
in HTML MUST take precedence over
the idValue
value.
The idValueRule
element indicates
that the unique identifier for each <text>
element is the
value of the attribute name
of its parent
element. </resources> its parent
element.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?> "color: #000096"><resources> "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule translate="no" selector="/resources"/> "color: #000096"><its:translateRule translate="yes" selector="//text"/> "color: #000096"><its:idValueRule selector="//text" idValue="../@name"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><entry name="btn.OK"> "color: #000096"><text>OK</text> "color: #000096"><pos>1, 1</pos> "color: #000096"><trig>sendOK</trig> "color: #000096"></entry> "color: #000096"><entry name="btn.CANCEL"> "color: #000096"><text>Cancel</text> "color: #000096"><pos>2, 1</pos> "color: #000096"><trig>cancelAll</trig> "color: #000096"></entry> "color: #000096"></resources>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-idvalue-element-1.xml ]
The idValue
attribute allows to build
composite values based on different attributes, elements, or even hard-coded
text. Any of the String functions offered by XPath can be used. In the
document below, the two elements <text>
and
<desc>
are translatable, but they have only one
corresponding identifier, the name
attribute in their parent
element.
To make sure the identifier is unique for both the content of
<text>
and the content of <desc>
, the
XPath expression concat(../@name, '_t')
gives the identifier
"settingsMissing_t" for the content of <text>
and the
expression concat(../@name, '_d')
gives the identifier
"settingsMissing_d" for the content of
the content of <desc>
.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?> <doc>The module cannot find the default settings file. You need to re-initialize the system. </doc>"color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:idValueRule selector="//text" idValue="concat(../@name, '_t')"/> "color: #000096"><its:idValueRule selector="//desc" idValue="concat(../@name, '_d')"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><msg name="settingsMissing"> "color: #000096"><text>Can't find settings file.</text> "color: #000096"><desc>The module cannot find the default settings file. You need to re-initialize the system.</desc> "color: #000096"></msg> </doc>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-idvalue-element-2.xml ]
When an xml:id
attribute is present for a node selected by an
idValueRule
element, the value of
xml:id
takes precedence over the value defined by the
idValueRule
element. In the example
below, the unique ID to use is “btnAgain†for the first
<res>
element, and “retryTip†for
the second “retryTip†for the second
<res>
element.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?> <file>click this to re-run the process with the current settings. </file>"color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:idValueRule selector="//res" idValue="@name"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><res name="retryBtn" xml:id="btnAgain">Try Again</res> "color: #000096"><res name="retryTip">click this to re-run the process with the current settings.</res> "color: #000096"></file>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-idvalue-attribute-1.xml ]
The Preserve Space data category indicates how whitespace is to be handled in content. The possible values for this data category are "default" and "preserve" and carry the same meaning as the corresponding values of the xml:space attribute. The default value is "default". The Preserve Space data category does not apply to HTML documents in HTML syntax.
The Preserve Space data category can be
expressed with global rules, or locally using the xml:space
attribute. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element,
including child elements and attributes.
Note:
The Preserve
Space data category is not applicable to HTML documents in HTML syntax
because xml:space
(and by extension Preserve Space ) has no effect in documents parsed as
text/html. However, the data category can be used in HTML in XHTML
syntax .
GLOBAL: The preserveSpaceRule
element contains the following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
A required space
attribute with the
value "default" or "preserve".
The preserveSpaceRule
element
specifies that whitespace in all verse elements are to
be treated literally. elements are to be treated
literally.
<book> "color: #000096"><info> "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:preserveSpaceRule selector="//verse" space="preserve"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"></info> "color: #000096"><verse> ’Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe."color: #000096"></verse> "color: #000096"></book>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-preservespace-global-1.xml ]
LOCAL: The xml:space
attribute, as
defined in section 2.10 of [XML
1.0] , maps exactly to the Preserve Space data
category.
The standard xml:space
attribute specifies that the
whitespace in the verse element are to be treated
literally. verse element are to be treated
literally.
<book> "color: #000096"><verse xml:space="preserve"> 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. "color: #000096"></verse> "color: #000096"></book>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-preservespace-local-1.xml ]
The Localization Quality Issue data category is used to express information related to localization quality assessment tasks. Such tasks can be conducted on the translation of some source content (such as a text or an image) into a target language or on the source content itself where its quality may impact on the localization process.
Note:
Automated or manual quality assessment is one area of quality management for translation and localization. An example of existing quality assessment is in-country review (e.g., as part of a language acceptance test for software). An important part of quality assessment is the list of issue types that are being used. Very often, simple issue categories like "correct/incorrect" or "like/dislike" are inadequate; instead, more specific ones such as "terminology" or "grammar" are more helpful in identifying concrete reasons for quality problems and for obtaining a more objective picture of quality levels.
Non-normative terminology related to localization quality as used in this
section is provided in Appendix H: Localization H: Localization Quality Guidance .
This data category can be used in a number of ways, including the following example scenarios:
A human reviewer working with a web-based tool adds quality markup manually in a text editor, including comments and suggestions, to localized content as part of the review process. A subsequent process examines this markup to ensure that changes were made.
A fully automatic quality checking tool flags a number of potential quality issues in an XML or HTML file and marks them up using ITS 2.0 markup. A human reviewer then uses another tool to examine this markup and decide whether the file needs to receive more extensive review or be passed on for further processing without a further manual review stage.
A quality assessment process identifies a number of issues and adds the ITS markup to a rendered HTML preview of an XML file along with CSS styling that highlights these issues. The resulting HTML file is then sent back to the translator to assist his or her revision efforts.
Note:
What issues should be considered in quality
assessment tasks depends on the nature of the project and tools used. Further
guidance is beyond the scope of this specification, but implementers may wish
to consult the references cited in Appendix H: Localization H: Localization Quality Guidance .
The data category defines five pieces of information:
Information | Description | Value | Notes |
Type | A classifier that groups similar issues into categories (for example to differentiate spelling errors from grammar errors). | One of the values defined in list of type values . | ITS 2.0-compliant tools that use these types MUST map their internal values to these types. If the
type of the issue is set to uncategorized , a comment
MUST be specified as well. |
Comment | A human-readable description of a specific instance of a quality issue. | Text | Comments can be used to explain an issue or provide guidance in addressing an issue. For example, a note about a Terminology issue might specify what term should be used. |
Severity | A classifier for the seriousness of an issue. The seriousness depends on the Quality Model that is being applied. The Quality Model should be made explicit via the Profile Reference. | A rational number in the interval 0 to 100 (inclusive). The value follows the XML Schema double data type with the constraining facets minInclusive set to 0 and maxInclusive set to 100. The higher values represent greater severity. | It is up to tools to map the values allowed by ITS 2.0 to their own
system’s scale. If needed, the original value can be passed along using a
custom namespace for XML, or a data- attribute for
HTML. |
Profile Reference | A reference to a description of the quality assessment model (or a specific profile (customization/instantiation) of a model, where relevant) used for the issue. | An IRI pointing to the reference document. | The use of resolvable IRIs is strongly recommended as it provides a way for human evaluators to learn more about the quality issues in use. |
Enabled | A flag indicating whether the issue is enabled or not. | A value yes or no , with the default value
being yes . |
This flag is used to activate or deactivate issues. There is no prescribed behavior associated with activated or deactivated issues. One example of usage is a tool that allows the user to deactivate false positives so they are not displayed again each time the document is re-checked. |
The Localization Quality Issue data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on individual elements. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements, but excluding attributes.
GLOBAL: The locQualityIssueRule
element contains the
following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
Either (in parallel to local inline markup )
At least one of the following attributes:
A locQualityIssueType
attribute that implements the type
information .
A locQualityIssueComment
attribute that implements the comment
information .
An optional locQualityIssueSeverity
attribute that
implements the severity information .
An optional locQualityIssueProfileRef
attribute that
implements the profile reference information
.
An optional locQualityIssueEnabled
attribute that
implements the enabled information .
Or (standoff markup) exactly one of the following:
A locQualityIssuesRef
attribute. Its value is an IRI pointing to the locQualityIssues
element containing the
list of issues related to this
content.
A locQualityIssuesRefPointer
attribute that contains a relative selector
pointing to a node with the exact same semantics as locQualityIssuesRef
.
Note:
The attribute locQualityIssuesRefPointer
does not apply to HTML as
local markup is provided for direct annotation in HTML.
The locQualityIssueRule
element
associates the issue information with the value of
the value of the text
attribute.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?> <doc></doc>"color: #000096"><header> "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssueRule selector="//image[@id='i1']/@text" "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueType="typographical" "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueComment="Sentence without capitalization" "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueSeverity="50"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"></header> "color: #000096"><para>Click the button <image id="i1" src="button.png" "color: #F5844C">text="start button"/>.</para> </doc>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locQualityIssue-global-1.xml ]
The following example shows a document using local standoff markup to
encode several issues. But because, in this case, the mrk
element does not allow attributes from another namespace we cannot use
locQualityIssuesRef
directly. Instead, a
global rule is used to map the function of locQualityIssuesRef
to a non-ITS construct, here the
ref
attribute of any mrk
elements that have their
attribute type
set to "x-itslq".
</doc> set to "x-itslq".
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?> "color: #000096"><doc xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><file> "color: #000096"><header> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssueRule selector="//mrk[@type='x-itslq']" "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssuesRefPointer="@ref"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"></header> "color: #000096"><unit id="1"> "color: #000096"><segment> "color: #000096"><source>This is the content</source> "color: #000096"><target><mrk type="x-itslq" ref="#lq1">c'es</mrk> le contenu</target> "color: #000096"></segment> "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssues xml:id="lq1"> "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssue locQualityIssueType="misspelling" "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueComment="'c'es' is unknown. Could be 'c'est'" "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueSeverity="50"/> "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssue locQualityIssueType="typographical" "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueComment="Sentence without capitalization" "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueSeverity="30"/> "color: #000096"></its:locQualityIssues> "color: #000096"></unit> "color: #000096"></file> </doc>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locQualityIssue-global-2.xml ]
LOCAL: Using inline markup to represent the data category
locally is limited to a single occurrence for a given content (e.g. one cannot
have different locQualityIssueType
attributes applied to the same span of text because the inner-most one would
override the others). A local standoff markup is provided to allow
such cases.
The following local markup is available for the Localization Quality Issue data category:
Either (inline markup):
At least one of the following attributes:
A locQualityIssueType
attribute that implements the type
information .
A locQualityIssueComment
attribute that implements the comment
information .
An optional locQualityIssueSeverity
attribute that
implements the severity information .
An optional locQualityIssueProfileRef
attribute that
implements the profile reference information
.
An optional locQualityIssueEnabled
attribute that
implements the enabled information .
Or (standoff markup):
A locQualityIssuesRef
attribute. Its value is an IRI pointing to the locQualityIssues
element containing the
list of issues related to this
content.
An element locQualityIssues
with a xml:id
attribute set to the identifier specified in the locQualityIssuesRef
attribute. The
locQualityIssues
element
contains:
One or more elements locQualityIssue
, each of which
contains:
At least one of the following attributes:
A locQualityIssueType
attribute that
implements the type information
.
A locQualityIssueComment
attribute
that implements the comment
information .
An optional locQualityIssueSeverity
attribute that
implements the severity information
.
An optional locQualityIssueProfileRef
attribute
that implements the profile reference
information .
An optional locQualityIssueEnabled
attribute that
implements the enabled information
.
Note:
Ideally the order of locQualityIssue
elements within a locQualityIssues
element reflects the order with
which they were added to the document, with the most recently added one
listed first.
When the attributes locQualityIssueType
, locQualityIssueComment
, locQualityIssueSeverity
, locQualityIssueProfileRef
and locQualityIssueEnabled
are used in a standoff
manner, the information they carry pertains to the content of the element
that refers to the standoff annotation, not to the content of the element
locQualityIssue
where they are
declared.
In HTML the standoff markup
MUST either be stored inside a
script
element in the same HTML document, or can be linked
from any locQualityIssuesRef
to an
external XML or HTML file with the standoff inside. If standoff is inside a
script
element, that element MUST
have a type
attribute with the value
application/its+xml
. Its id
attribute MUST be set to the same value as the
xml:id
attribute of the locQualityIssues
element it contains.
The attributes locQualityIssueType
,
locQualityIssueComment
and locQualityIssueSeverity
are used to associate the
issue information directly with a selected span of
content. </doc> directly with a selected
span of content.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?> "color: #000096"><doc xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><para><span its:locQualityIssueType="typographical" "color: #F5844C">its:locQualityIssueComment="Sentence without capitalization" "color: #F5844C">its:locQualityIssueSeverity="50">this</span> is an example</para> </doc>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locQualityIssue-local-1.xml ]
In this example several spans of content are associated with a quality issue.
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang = en > <head> <meta charset = utf-8 > <title> Telharmonium 1897 </title> <style type = text/css > [its-loc-quality-issue-type]{ background-color:yellow; margin:2px; } [its-loc-quality-issue-severity = "100"]{ border: 2px solid red; } </style> </head> <body> <h1> Telharmonium (1897) </h1> <p> <span data-mytool-qacode = named_entity_not_found its-loc-quality-issue-comment = "Should be Thomas Cahill." its-loc-quality-issue-profile-ref = http://example.org/qaMovel/v1 its-loc-quality-issue-severity = 100 its-loc-quality-issue-type = inconsistent-entities > Christian Bale </span> (1867–1934) conceived of an instrument that could transmit its sound from a power plant for hundreds of miles to listeners over telegraph wiring. Beginning in 1889 the sound quality of regular telephone concerts was very poor on account of the buzzing generated by carbon-granule microphones. As a result Cahill decided to set a new standard in perfection of sound <span its-loc-quality-issue-comment = "should be 'quality'" its-loc-quality-issue-profile-ref = grammar its-loc-quality-issue-severity = 50 its-loc-quality-issue-type = misspelling > qulaity </span> with his instrument, a standard that would not only satisfy listeners but that would overcome all the flaws of traditional instruments. </p> </body> </html>"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> "color: #000096"><html lang=en> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Telharmonium 1897</title> "color: #000096"><style type=text/css> [its-loc-quality-issue-type]{ background-color:yellow; margin:2px; } [its-loc-quality-issue-severity = "100"]{ border: 2px solid red; } "color: #000096"></style> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><h1>Telharmonium (1897)</h1> "color: #000096"><p> "color: #000096"><span "color: #F5844C">data-mytool-qacode=named_entity_not_found "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-issue-comment="Should be Thomas Cahill." "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-issue-profile-ref=http://example.org/qaMovel/v1 "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-issue-severity=100 "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-issue-type=inconsistent-entities>Christian Bale</span> (1867–1934) conceived of an instrument that could transmit its sound from a power plant for hundreds of miles to listeners over telegraph wiring. Beginning in 1889 the sound quality of regular telephone concerts was very poor on account of the buzzing generated by carbon-granule microphones. As a result Cahill decided to set a new standard in perfection of sound <span "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-issue-comment="should be 'quality'" "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-issue-profile-ref=grammar "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-issue-severity=50 "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-issue-type=misspelling>qulaity</span> with his instrument, a standard that would not only satisfy listeners but that would overcome all the flaws of traditional instruments.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-locQualityIssue-html5-local-1.html ]
The following example shows a document using local standoff markup to
encode several issues. The mrk
element delimits the content to
markup and holds a locQualityIssuesRef
attribute that points to the </xliff>
locQualityIssues
element where
the issues are listed.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?> "color: #000096"><xliff version="1.2" xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2" "color: #F5844C">xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><file original="example.doc" source-language="en" datatype="plaintext"> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><trans-unit id="1"> "color: #000096"><source xml:lang="en">This is the content</source> "color: #000096"><target xml:lang="fr"><mrk mtype="x-itslq" "color: #F5844C">its:locQualityIssuesRef="#lq1">c'es</mrk> le contenu</target> "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssues xml:id="lq1"> "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssue locQualityIssueType="misspelling" "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueComment="'c'es' is unknown. Could be 'c'est'" "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueSeverity="50"/> "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssue locQualityIssueType="typographical" "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueComment="Sentence without capitalization" "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueSeverity="30"/> "color: #000096"></its:locQualityIssues> "color: #000096"></trans-unit> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></file> "color: #000096"></xliff>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locQualityIssue-local-2.xml ]
The following example shows a document using local standoff markup to
encode several issues. The span
element delimits the content to
markup and holds a loc-quality-issues-ref
attribute that points to a
special span
element where the issues are listed within a set of
other special special
span
elements.
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> <html></html>"color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Test</title> "color: #000096"><script src=qaissues.js type=text/javascript></script> "color: #000096"><script type=application/its+xml id=lq1> "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssues xml:id="lq1" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssue "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueType="misspelling" "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueComment="'c'es' is unknown. Could be 'c'est'" "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueSeverity="50"/> "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssue "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueType="typographical" "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueComment="Sentence without capitalization" "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueSeverity="30"/> "color: #000096"></its:locQualityIssues> "color: #000096"></script> "color: #000096"><style type=text/css>.qaissue { background-color: yellow; } </style> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body onload=addqaissueattrs()> "color: #000096"><p> "color: #000096"><span its-loc-quality-issues-ref=#lq1>c'es</span> le contenu</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-locQualityIssue-html5-local-2.html ]
The Localization Quality Rating data category is used to express an overall measurement of the localization quality of a document or an item in a document.
This data category allows to specify a quality score or a voting result for a given item or document, as well as to indicate what constitutes a passing score or vote. It also allows pointing to a profile describing the quality assessment model used for the scoring or the voting.
The Localization Quality Rating data category is only expressed locally on individual elements. The data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements, but excluding attributes.
LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the Localization Quality Rating data category:
Exactly one of the following:
A locQualityRatingScore
attribute. Its value is a rational number in the interval 0 to 100
(inclusive). The value follows the XML Schema
double data type with the constraining facets minInclusive
set to 0 and maxInclusive
set to 100. The higher values represent better quality.
A locQualityRatingVote
attribute. Its value is a signed integer with higher values indicating
a better vote.
If locQualityRatingScore
is
used:
an optional locQualityRatingScoreThreshold
attribute
indicating the lowest score that constitutes a passing score in the
profile used. Its value is a rational number in the interval 0 to 100
(inclusive). The value follows the XML Schema
double data type with the constraining facets minInclusive
set to 0 and maxInclusive
set to 100.
If locQualityRatingVote
is
used:
an optional locQualityRatingVoteThreshold
attribute
indicating the lowest value that constitutes a passing vote in the
profile used. Its value is a signed integer.
An optional locQualityRatingProfileRef
attribute. Its value is
an IRI pointing to the reference document describing the quality assessment
model used for the scoring.
The locQualityRatingScore
,
locQualityRatingThreshold
and
locQualityRatingProfileRef
are used to
score the quality of the document. Hij kwam vrij laat
te huis, en toen hij voorzichtig het raam insprong, document.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?> "color: #000096"><doc xml:lang='nl' "color: #F5844C">xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0" "color: #F5844C">its:locQualityRatingScore="100" "color: #F5844C">its:locQualityRatingScoreThreshold="95" "color: #F5844C">its:locQualityRatingProfileRef="http://example.org/qaModel/v13"> "color: #000096"><title>De lotgevallen van Tom Sawyer</title> "color: #000096"><para>Hij kwam vrij laat te huis, en toen hij voorzichtig het raam insprong, viel hij in eene hinderlaag, in de persoon van zijne tante, bij wie, toen zij den staat zag, waarin zijne kleederen verkeerden, het besluit om zijn vrijen Zaterdag in een gevangenschap met dwangarbeid te veranderen, onherroepelijkvaststond. </doc>vaststond.</para> </doc>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locQualityRating-local-1.xml ]
The its-loc-quality-rating-score
,
its-loc-quality-rating-score-threshold
and its-loc-quality-rating-profile-ref
are used to score the quality of the document.
document.
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> "color: #000096"><html lang=fr "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-rating-profile-ref=http://example.org/qaModel/v13 "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-rating-score=90 "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-rating-score-threshold=80 >C'est l'histoire de la grande guerre que Rikki-Tikki-Tavi a combattu tout seul,"color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Rikki-tikki-tavi</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p>C'est l'histoire de la grande guerre que Rikki-Tikki-Tavi a combattu tout seul, à travers les salles de bain du grand bungalow au cantonnement Segowlee. Darzee, le tailbird, l'a aidé, et Chuchundra, le rat musqué, qui ne sort jamais jusqu'au milieu du plancher, mais se glisse toujours contre la paroi, lui donnait desconseils, mais Rikki-Tikki-Tavi fait le véritable combat. </html>conseils, mais Rikki-Tikki-Tavi fait le véritable combat.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-locQualityRating-html5-local.html ]
The MT Confidence data category is used to communicate the confidence score from a machine translation engine for the accuracy of a translation it has provided. It is not intended to provide a score that is comparable between machine translation engines and platforms. This data category does NOT aim to establish any sort of correlation between the confidence score and either human evaluation of MT usefulness, or post-editing cognitive effort. For harmonization’s sake, MT Confidence is provided as a rational number in the interval 0 to 1 (inclusive).
Note:
Implementers are expected to interpret the floating-point number and present it to human and other consumers in a convenient form, such as percentage (0-100%) with up to 2 decimal digits, font or background color coding, etc.
Note:
The value provided by the
MT Confidence data category can be 1) the quality
score of the translation as produced by an MT engine, or 2) a quality
estimation score that uses both MT-system-internal features and additional
external features. For this reason it is important that MT Confidence provides additional information about the
MT engine (via the annotatorsRef
attribute, or in HTML the its-annotators-ref
attribute). Otherwise the score
on its own is hard to interpret and to reuse. In the case of 2), MT Confidence potentially conveys information about any
additional tools that were used in deriving the score.
This data category can be used for several purposes, including, but not limited to:
Automated prioritising of raw machine translated text for further processing based on empirically set thresholds.
Providing readers, translators, post-editors, reviewers, and proof-readers of machine translated text with self-reported relative accuracy prediction.
MT confidence scores can be displayed e.g., on websites machine translated on the fly, by simple web-based translation editors or by Computer Aided Translation (CAT) tools.
The MT Confidence category can be expressed with global rules or locally on individual elements. For elements, the data category information is inherited by the textual content of the element, including child elements, but excluding attributes.
Any node selected by the MT Confidence data
category MUST be contained in an element with the
annotatorsRef
(or in HTML, its-annotators-ref
) attribute specified for the
MT Confidence data category. For more information,
see Section 5.7: ITS 5.7: ITS Tools
Annotation .
GLOBAL: The mtConfidenceRule
element contains the following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
A required mtConfidence
attribute
with a value that represents the translation confidence score as a rational
number in the interval 0 to 1 (inclusive). The value follows the XML Schema
double data type with the constraining facets minInclusive
set to 0 and maxInclusive
set to 1.
mtConfidenceRule
in a HTML document to specify the
confidence scores for the translation into English of the
title
img
elements.
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> "color: #000096"><html lang=en> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><link href=EX-mtconfidence-global-html5-1-external-rules.xml rel=its-rules> "color: #000096"><title>Machine translated title attributes of img elements give MT confidence scores using global rules</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body its-annotators-ref="mt-confidence|file:///tools.xml#T1"> "color: #000096"><p> "color: #000096"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Trinity_College.jpg" "color: #F5844C">title="Front gate of Trinity College Dublin" "color: #F5844C">alt="alternative description"/> "color: #000096"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Molly_alone.jpg" "color: #F5844C">title="A tart with a cart" "color: #F5844C">alt="alternative description"/> "color: #000096"></p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-mtConfidence-global-html5-1.html ]
Where the external ITS rules file is as shown:
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0" "color: #F5844C">xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> "color: #000096"><its:mtConfidenceRule mtConfidence="0.785" "color: #F5844C">selector="//h:img[@title='Front gate of Trinity College Dublin']/@title"/> "color: #000096"><its:mtConfidenceRule mtConfidence="0.805" "color: #F5844C">selector="//h:img[@title='A tart with a cart']/@title"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <its:rules xmlns:its = "http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version = "2.0" xmlns:h = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > <its:mtConfidenceRule mtConfidence = "0.785" selector = "//h:img[@title='Front gate of Trinity College Dublin']/@title" /> <its:mtConfidenceRule mtConfidence = "0.805" selector = "//h:img[@title='A tart with a cart']/@title" /> </its:rules>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-mtconfidence-global-html5-1-external-rules.xml ]
LOCAL: the following local markup is available for the MT Confidence data category:
A mtConfidence
attribute with a
value that represents the translation confidence score as a rational number
in the interval 0 to 1 (inclusive). The value follows the XML Schema
double data type with the constraining facets minInclusive
set to 0 and maxInclusive
set to 1.
"color: #000096"><text xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0" "color: #F5844C">its:annotatorsRef="mt-confidence|file:///tools.xml#T1"> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p> "color: #000096"><span its:mtConfidence="0.8982">Dublin is the capital city of Ireland.</span> "color: #000096"></p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></text>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-mtConfidence-local-1.xml ]
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> "color: #000096"><html lang=en > "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Sentences about Dublin and Prague machine translated from Czech with mtConfidence locally.</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body its-annotators-ref="mt-confidence|file:///tools.xml#T1"> "color: #000096"><p> "color: #000096"><span its-mt-confidence=0.8982>Dublin is the capital of Ireland.</span> "color: #000096"><span its-mt-confidence=0.8536 >The capital of the Czech Republic is Prague.</span> "color: #000096"></p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-mtConfidence-html5-local-1.html ]
The Allowed Characters data category is used to specify the characters that are permitted in a given piece of content.
This data category can be used for various purposes, including the following examples:
Limiting the characters that may be used in the UI of a game due to font restrictions.
Preventing illegal characters from being entered as text content that represents file or directory names.
Controlling what characters can be used when translating examples of a login name in content.
Note:
The Allowed Characters data category is not intended to disallow HTML markup. The purpose is to restrict the content to various characters only, e.g., when the content is to be used for URL or filename generation. In most Content Management Systems, content is divided into several fields, some of which may be restricted to plain text, while in other fields HTML fragments may be allowed. Enforcing such restrictions is outside the scope of this data category.
The set of characters that are allowed is specified using a regular expression. That is, each character in the selected content MUST be included in the set specified by the regular expression.
The regular expression is the character class construct
charClass
defined as follows:
[1] charClass ::= singleCharEsc | charClassExpr |
wildcardEsc
[2] singleCharEsc ::= '\'
[nrt\|.?*+(){}#x2D#x5B#x5D#x5E]
[3] charClassExpr ::= '[' charGroup ']'
[4] charGroup ::= posCharGroup | negCharGroup
[5] posCharGroup ::= ( charRange | singleCharEsc )+
[6] charRange ::= seRange | xmlCharIncDash
[7] seRange ::= charOrEsc '-' charOrEsc
[8] charOrEsc ::= xmlChar | singleCharEsc
[9] xmlChar ::= [^\#x2D#x5B#x5D]
[10] xmlCharIncDash ::= [^\#x5B#x5D]
[11] negCharGroup ::= '^' posCharGroup
[12] wildcardEsc ::= '.'
The .
metacharacter also matches CARRIAGE RETURN (U+000D) and
LINE FEED (U+000F). That is the dot-all option is set.
This construct is a sub-set of the Character Classes construct of XML Schema [XML Schema Part 2] and is compatible with most other regular expression engines.
Note:
Users may want to use a regular expression to make sure that they follow the definition given above. Sample regular expressions to verify the regular expression in allowed characters are provided: for XML and for Java .
Example of expressions (shown as XML source):
"[abc]"
: allows the characters 'a', 'b' and 'c'.
"[a-c]"
: allows the characters 'a', 'b' and 'c'.
"[a-zA-Z]"
: allows the characters from 'a' to 'z' and from
'A' to 'Z'.
"[^abc]"
: allows any characters except 'a', 'b', and
'c'.
"[^a-c]"
: allows any characters except 'a',
'b', and 'c'.
"[^<>:"\\/|\?*]"
: allows only the
characters valid for Windows file names.
"."
: allows any character.
""
: allows no character.
The Allowed Characters data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on individual elements. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements, but excluding attributes.
GLOBAL: The allowedCharactersRule
element contains the
following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
Exactly one of the following:
An allowedCharacters
attribute
that contains the regular expression indicating the allowed
characters.
An allowedCharactersPointer
attribute that contains a relative selector
pointing to a node with the exact same semantics as allowedCharacters
.
The allowedCharactersRule
element
states that the translated content of elements content
cannot
contain the characters *
and Lorem ipsum
dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam +
.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?> "color: #000096"><myRes xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:allowedCharactersRule allowedCharacters="[^*+]" selector="//content"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><content>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, seddiam voluptua. </myRes>diam voluptua.</content> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></myRes>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-allowedCharacters-global-1.xml ]
The attribute allowedCharactersPointer
is used to map the data
category to the non-ITS attribute set
in this document. The
attribute has the same semantics as </res>
same semantics as allowedCharacters
.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?> "color: #000096"><res xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:allowedCharactersRule selector="//record" allowedCharactersPointer="@set"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><record id="a1" set="[ !–~]">FULL WIDTH ONLY</record> </res>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-allowedCharacters-global-2.xml ]
LOCAL: the following local markup is available for the Allowed Characters data category:
A allowedCharacters
attribute that
contains the regular expression indicating the allowed characters.
The local allowedCharacters
attribute
specifies that the translated content of element panelmsg
is
only allowed to contain Unicode characters between
U+0020 and U+00FE. > </messages> between
U+0020 and U+00FE.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?> "color: #000096"><messages xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><msg num="123">Click the <panelmsg its:allowedCharacters="[ -þ]" >CONTINUE</panelmsg> Button on the printer panel</msg> "color: #000096"></messages>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-allowedCharacters-local-1.xml ]
The local its-allowed-characters
attribute specifies that the translated content of element code
cannot contain the characters other than 'a' to 'z' in
any case and the characters underscore and minus. Login names can only use
letters from A to Z (upper or lowercase) to 'z'
in any case and the characters underscore and minus.
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> "color: #000096"><html lang=en> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Example</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p>Login names can only use letters from A to Z (upper or lowercase) and the character underscore (_) and minus (-).For example: </html>For example: <code its-allowed-characters=[a-zA-Z_\-]>Huck_Finn</code>.</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-allowedCharacters-html5-local-1.html ]
The Storage Size data category is used to specify the maximum storage size of a given content.
This data category can be used for various purposes, including the following examples:
Verify during translation if a string fits into a fixed-size database field.
Control the size of a string that is stored in a fixed-size memory buffer at run-time.
The storage size is always expressed in bytes and excludes any leading Byte-Order-Markers. It is provided along with the character encoding and the line break type that will be used when the content is stored. If the encoding form does not use the byte as its unit (e.g. UTF-16 uses 16-bit code units) the storage size MUST still be given in byte (e.g., for UTF-16: 2 bytes per 16-bit code unit).
An application verifying the storage size for a given content is expected to perform the following steps:
All the LINE FEED (U+000A) characters of the content to verify are replaced by the character or characters specified by the line break type.
The resulting string is converted to an array of bytes using a character encoder for the specified encoding. If a character cannot be represented with the specified encoding, an error is generated.
If the leading bytes represent a Byte-Order-Mark, they are stripped from that array.
The length of the resulting array is compared to the storage size provided. The content is too long if the length is greater than the storage size.
Note:
Storage size is not directly related to the display length of a text, and therefore is not intended as a display length constraint mechanism.
The Storage Size data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on individual elements. There is no inheritance. The default value of the character encoding is "UTF-8", and the default value for the line break is "lf" (LINE FEED (U+000A)).
GLOBAL: The storageSizeRule
element contains the following:
A required selector
attribute. It
contains an absolute selector that selects the
nodes to which this rule applies.
Exactly one of the following:
A storageSize
attribute. It
contains the maximum number of bytes the text of the selected node is
allowed in storage.
A storageSizePointer
attribute
that contains a relative selector pointing to
a node with the exact same semantics as storageSize
.
None or exactly one of the following:
A storageEncoding
attribute. It
contains the name of the character encoding used to calculate the
number of bytes of the selected text. The name MUST be one of the names or aliases listed in the
IANA Character
Sets registry [IANA
Character Sets] . The default value is the string "UTF-8".
A storageEncodingPointer
attribute that contains a relative selector
pointing to a node with the exact same semantics as storageEncoding
.
An optional lineBreakType
attribute. It indicates what type of line breaks the storage uses. The
possible values are: "cr" for CARRIAGE RETURN (U+000D), "lf" for LINE FEED
(U+000A), or "crlf" for CARRIAGE RETURN (U+000D) followed by LINE FEED
(U+000A). The default value is "lf".
The storageSizeRule
element is used
to specify that, when encoded in ISO-8859-1, the content of the
country
element cannot be more than 25 bytes. The name
"Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée" is 25 character long and fits because all characters in ISO-8859-1 are encoded as a single byte.
all characters in ISO-8859-1 are encoded as a single
byte.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?> <db></db>"color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:storageSizeRule selector="//country" storageSize="25" "color: #F5844C">storageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><data> "color: #000096"><country id="123">Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée</country> "color: #000096"><country id="139">République Dominicaine</country> "color: #000096"></data> </db>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-storageSize-global-1.xml ]
The storageSizePointer
attribute is
used to map the non-ITS attribute max
to the same functionality
as storageSize
. There is no character
encoding specified, so the default UTF-8 is assumed. Note that, while the
name "Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée" is 25 characters long, the character 'é' is
encoded into two bytes in UTF-8. Therefore this name is one byte too long to
fit in its storage destination. </fields>
storage destination.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?> "color: #000096"><fields> "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><its:storageSizeRule selector="//field" storageSizePointer="@max"/> "color: #000096"></its:rules> "color: #000096"><field type="country" id="123" max="25">Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée</field> "color: #000096"><field type="country" id="139" max="25">République Dominicaine</field> "color: #000096"></fields>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-storageSize-global-2.xml ]
LOCAL: the following local markup is available for the Storage Size data category:
A storageSize
attribute. It
contains the maximum number of bytes the text of the selected node is
allowed in storage.
An optional storageEncoding
attribute. It contains the name of the character encoding used to calculate
the number of bytes of the selected text. The name MUST be one of the names or aliases listed in the
IANA Character
Sets registry [IANA
Character Sets] . The default value is the string "UTF-8".
An optional lineBreakType
attribute. It indicates what type of line breaks the storage uses. The
possible values are: "cr" for CARRIAGE RETURN (U+000D), "lf" for LINE FEED
(U+000A), or "crlf" for CARRIAGE RETURN (U+000D) followed by LINE FEED
(U+000A). The default value is "lf".
The storageSize
attribute allows
specification of different maximum storage sizes throughout the document.
Note that the string CONTINUE
does not fit the specified
restriction of 8 bytes. The minimal number of bytes to store such a string in UTF-16 is 16. </messages>
store such a string in UTF-16 is 16.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?> "color: #000096"><messages xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0"> "color: #000096"><var num="panelA1_Continue" its:storageSize="8" its:storageEncoding="UTF-16">CONTINUE</var> "color: #000096"><var num="panelA1_Stop" its:storageSize="8" its:storageEncoding="UTF-16">STOP</var> "color: #000096"><var num="panelB5_Cancel" its:storageSize="12" its:storageEncoding="UTF-16">CANCEL</var> "color: #000096"></messages>
[Source file: examples/xml/EX-storageSize-local-1.xml ]
The its-storage-size
is used here to
specify the maximum number of bytes the two editable
strings can have in UTF-8. </html> the two
editable strings can have in UTF-8.
"color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html> "color: #000096"><html lang=en> "color: #000096"><head> "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8> "color: #000096"><title>Example</title> "color: #000096"></head> "color: #000096"><body> "color: #000096"><p>String to translate:</p> "color: #000096"><p contenteditable=true id=123 its-storage-size=25>Papua New-Guinea</p> "color: #000096"><p contenteditable=true id=139 its-storage-size=25>Dominican Republic</p> "color: #000096"></body> "color: #000096"></html>
[Source file: examples/html5/EX-storageSize-html5-local-1.html ]
This section is normative.
This section is normative.
This section defines a MIME type for Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) documents. It covers both ITS 1.0 and ITS 2.0.
Type name: application
Subtype name: its+xml
Required parameters: none
Optional parameters: charset
This parameter has identical semantics to the charset parameter of the "application/xml" media type as specified in IETF RFC 3023.
Encoding considerations: Identical to those of "application/xml" as described in IETF RFC 3023, section 3.2, as applied to an ITS document.
Security considerations: An ITS 1.0 or ITS 2.0 document may cause arbitrary URIs or IRIs to be dereferenced, via the @xlink:href attribute at the its:rules element. Therefore, the security issues of [RFC 3987] Section 8 should be considered. In addition, the contents of resources identified by file: URIs can in some cases be accessed, processed and returned as results. An implementation of ITS global rules requires the support of XPath 1.0 or its successor. Hence, processing of global rules might encompass dereferencing of URIs or IRIs during computation of XPath expressions. Arbitrary recursion is possible, as is arbitrarily large memory usage, and implementations may place limits on CPU and memory usage, as well as restricting access to system-defined functions. ITS 1.0 and ITS 2.0 permit extensions. Hence it is possible that application/its+xml may describe content that has security implications beyond those described here.
Interoperability considerations: There are no known interoperability issues.
Published specification: http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/REC-its-20070403/ and http://www.w3.org/TR/its20/ .
Any XML document containing ITS 1.0 "its:rules" elements
http://www.w3.org/TR/its/#selection-global can be labeled with
application/its+xml
. http://www.w3.org/TR/its/EX-link-external-rules-2.xml
Provides an example of a document linking to a file with ITS 1.0 and ITS 2.0
"rules". The link target is at http://www.w3.org/TR/its/EX-link-external-rules-1.xml
. There is no need that the link target has "its:rules" as a root element. The
processing semantics is that rules are gathered in document order.
Applications that use this media type: This new media type is being registered to allow for deployment of ITS 1.0 and ITS 2.0 on the World Wide Web., e.g., by localization tools.
Additional information:
Magic number(s): none
File extension(s): .its
Macintosh file type code(s): TEXT
Person & email address to contact for further information: World Wide Web Consortium <web-human at w3.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Restrictions on usage: none
Author / Change controller: The Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) 1.0 and 2.0 specifications are a work product of the World Wide Web Consortium's Internationalization Tag Set Working Group. The W3C has change control over this specification.
This section is normative.
The locQualityIssueType
attribute provides
a basic level of interoperability between different localization quality assurance
tools. It offers a list of high-level quality issue types common in fully automatic
and manual localization quality assessment. Tools can map their internal types to
these types in order to exchange information about the kinds of issues they
identify and take appropriate action even if another tool does not know the
specific issues identified by the generating tool.
Note:
Note: The values of locQualityIssueType were derived from an early version of the QTLaunchPad project's Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) framework. MQM is based on a careful analysis of existing translation quality assessment tools and models, such as the LISA QA Model, SAE J2450, and various commercial tools. The values represent common issue types found in those models and are designed to provide interoperability between models. Differences in granularity and in issue types may prevent full interoperability, but using the shared values will maximize interoperability where possible.
The scope column in the following table identifies whether the issue type applies to the source content (“Sâ€), target content (“Tâ€) or both (“S or Tâ€).
The values listed in the following table are allowed for locQualityIssueType
. Ideally the values a tool
implementing the data category produces for the attribute matches one of the values
provided in this table and are as semantically accurate as possible. For example,
marking the phrase “These man is†as a terminology
issue, rather than
as a grammar
issue would be semantically inaccurate. Tools are
encouraged to map their internal values to these types. The value
other
is reserved strictly for values that cannot be mapped.
Note:
For tools generating ITS 2.0 Localization Quality Issue markup, if
one internal issue type can be categorized as multiple ITS 2.0 issue types,
the first applicable one from the following table should be used . The
list is ordered with more specific types first. For example, if a terminology
database specifies that the term “USB memory stick†should be used instead of
“USB pen drive†but the translated content has “Insert a USB pen drive into any
available USB portâ€, terminology
would be used instead of
mistranslation
because terminology
occurs earlier in
the list and is more specific than a (general) mistranslation
. In
the case where multiple separate issues must be marked on a single span (e.g., it
contains both a mistranslation
and a grammar
issue),
implementers may wish to use standoff annotation, as shown in Example 75 and Example 76 .
Note:
The ITS Interest Group maintains informative mappings of tool-specific quality issue types and ITS 2.0 localization quality types . The ITS IG Wiki provides information on how to update that list. The purpose of these mappings is to document how tool internal information relates to the ITS 2.0 quality types. To foster interoperability, implementers are strongly encouraged to implement the ITS 2.0 quality types natively.
Value | Description | Example | Scope | Notes |
terminology |
An incorrect term or a term from the wrong domain was used or terms are used inconsistently. |
|
S or T | This value is not intended for simple typographical errors or word choice not related to defined terminologies. For example, a mistyping of “pin†as “pen†or the use of “imply†instead of “infer†(mistaking two commonly confused words) would not count as terminology issues and is best categorized as either spelling errors or mistranslations, depending on the nature of the issue. Terminology refers only to cases where incorrect choices about terms (either formal or commonly defined in a domain) are involved. |
mistranslation |
The content of the target mistranslates the content of the source. |
|
T | Issues related to translation of specific terms related to the domain or
task-specific language are to be categorized as terminology
issues. |
omission |
Necessary text has been omitted from the localization or source. |
|
S or T | This value is not to be used for missing whitespace or formatting codes, but instead has to be reserved for linguistic content. |
untranslated |
Content that has been intended for translation is left untranslated. |
|
T | omission takes precedence over untranslated .
Omissions are distinct in that they address cases where text is not present,
while untranslated addresses cases where text has been carried
from the source untranslated. |
addition |
The translated text contains inappropriate additions. |
|
T | |
duplication |
Content has been duplicated improperly. |
|
T | |
inconsistency |
The text is inconsistent with itself or is translated inconsistently (NB: not for use with terminology inconsistency). |
|
S or T | |
grammar |
The text contains a grammatical error (including errors of syntax and morphology). |
|
S or T | |
legal |
The text is legally problematic (e.g., it is specific to the wrong legal system). |
|
S or T | |
register |
The text is written in the wrong linguistic register of uses slang or other language variants inappropriate to the text. |
|
S or T | |
locale-specific-content |
The localization contains content that does not apply to the locale for which it was prepared. |
|
S or T | Legally inappropriate material is to be classified as legal
. |
locale-violation |
Text violates norms for the intended locale. |
|
S or T | This value can be used for spelling errors only if they relate specifically to locale expectations (e.g., a text consistently uses British instead of U.S. spellings for a text intended for the U.S.). If these errors are not systematic (e.g., a text uses U.S. spellings but has a single instance of “centreâ€), they are instead to be counted as spelling errors. |
style |
The text contains stylistic errors. |
|
S or T | |
characters |
The text contains characters that are garbled or incorrect or that are not used in the language in which the content appears. |
|
S or T | Characters ought to be used in cases of garbling or systematic use of inappropriate characters, not for spelling issues where individual characters are replaced with incorrect one. |
misspelling |
The text contains a misspelling. |
|
S or T | |
typographical |
The text has typographical errors such as omitted/incorrect punctuation, incorrect capitalization, etc. |
|
S or T | |
formatting |
The text is formatted incorrectly. |
|
S or T | |
inconsistent-entities |
The source and target text contain different named entities (dates, times, place names, individual names, etc.) |
|
S or T | |
numbers |
Numbers are inconsistent between source and target. |
|
S or T | Some tools may correct for differences in units of measurement to reduce false positives (e.g., a tool might adjust for differences in values between inches and centimeters to avoid flagging numbers that seem to be different but are in fact equivalent). |
markup |
There is an issue related to markup or a mismatch in markup between source and target. |
|
S or T | |
pattern-problem |
The text fails to match a pattern that defines allowable content (or matches one that defines non-allowable content). |
|
S or T | Defining what is or is not an allowable pattern is up to the processing application and is beyond the scope of this specification. Best practice would be to use the Comment attribute to specify the pattern that led to the issue. |
whitespace |
There is a mismatch in whitespace between source and target content or the text violates specific rules related to the use of whitespace. |
|
S or T | |
internationalization |
There is an issue related to the internationalization of content. |
|
S or T | There are many kinds of internationalization issues. This value is therefore very heterogeneous in what it can refer to. |
length |
There is a significant difference in source and target length. |
|
S or T | What constitutes a "significant" difference in length is determined by
the model referred to in the locQualityIssueProfileRef . |
non-conformance |
The content is deemed to show poor statistical conformance to a reference corpus. Higher severity values reflect poorer conformance. | The sentence "The harbour connected which to printer is busy or configared not properly." would have poor conformance. | S or T | Non-conformance is determined through the use of multiple statistical measures of similarity to a corpus of known-good content. For example, in a system that uses classification techniques the poor conformance might be a function of combined incorrect terminology, wrong spelling and bad grammar, or other features as determined by the system. |
uncategorized |
The issue either has not been categorized or cannot be categorized. |
|
S or T |
This value has the following uses:
|
other |
Any issue that cannot be assigned to any values listed above. | S or T |
|
Note:
Note: The value
uncategorized
is used for issues that have not (yet) been
categorized into a more specific value. For example, an automatic process might
flag issues for attention but not provide any further detail or categorization:
such issues would be listed as uncategorized
in ITS 2.0. It may also
be used when the exact nature of an issue is unclear and it cannot be categorized
as a result (e.g., text is seriously garbled and the cause it unclear). By
contrast other is used when the nature of an issue is clear but it cannot be
categorized in one of the ITS 2.0 categories (or when a model or tool has its own
“other†category). For example, in translation of subtitles there is a
“respeaking†error category that does not correspond to any ITS 2.0 category and
is highly specific to that environment; respeaking errors would therefore be
categorized as other
in ITS 2.0.
This section is normative. informative.
Note:
The schemas are only informative and may be updated any time. An updated version of the schemas can be found in the ITS 2.0 test suite .
The following schemas define ITS elements and attributes and can be used as building blocks when you want to integrate ITS markup into your own XML vocabulary. You can see examples of such integration in Best Practices for XML Internationalization .
Foreign elements can be used only inside rules
. Foreign attributes can be used on any element
defined in ITS.
The following four schemas are provided:
1. NVDL document : The following [NVDL]
document allows validation of ITS markup that has been added to a host vocabulary.
Only ITS elements and attributes are checked. Elements and attributes of the host
language are ignored during validation against this NVDL
document/schema. </rules> during validation
against this NVDL document/schema.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> "color: #000096"><rules xmlns="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/nvdl/ns/structure/1.0"> "color: #000096"><namespace ns="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"> "color: #000096"><validate schema="its20-elements.rng"/> "color: #000096"></namespace> "color: #000096"><namespace ns="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" match="attributes"> "color: #000096"><validate schema="its20-attributes.rng"/> "color: #000096"></namespace> "color: #000096"><anyNamespace> "color: #000096"><allow/> "color: #000096"></anyNamespace> "color: #000096"></rules>
[Source file: schemas/its20.nvdl ]
2. RELAX NG schema for elements and attributes : The NVDL schema
depends on the following two schemas: RELAX NG schema for ITS elements, and RELAX
NG schema for all ITS local attributes. ITS local attributes.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> "color: #000096"><grammar xmlns="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"> "color: #000096"><include href="its20.rng"/> "color: #000096"><start> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-rules"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-span"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-standoff"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></start> "color: #000096"></grammar>
[Source file: schemas/its20-elements.rng ]
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> "color: #000096"><grammar xmlns="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"> "color: #000096"><include href="its20.rng"/> "color: #000096"><start> "color: #000096"><group> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-local.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.version"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"></group> "color: #000096"></start> "color: #000096"></grammar>
[Source file: schemas/its20-attributes.rng ]
3. Base RELAX NG schema for ITS : All ITS elements and attributes
referenced by previous two schemas are defined in the base
RELAX NG schema for ITS. by previous two schemas are
defined in the base RELAX NG schema for ITS.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> "color: #000096"><grammar ns="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" xmlns:a="http://relaxng.org/ns/compatibility/annotations/1.0" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" xmlns="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0" datatypeLibrary="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-datatypes"> "color: #000096"><include href="its20-types.rng"/> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.translate"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:translate"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-translate.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.translate.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="translate"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-translate.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.dir"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:dir"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-dir.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.dir.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="dir"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-dir.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locNote"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:locNote"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNote.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locNote.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="locNote"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNote.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locNoteType"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:locNoteType"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNoteType.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locNoteType.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="locNoteType"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNoteType.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locNoteRef"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:locNoteRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNoteRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locNoteRef.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="locNoteRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNoteRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.termInfoRef"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:termInfoRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-termInfoRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.termInfoRef.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="termInfoRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-termInfoRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.term"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:term"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-term.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.term.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="term"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-term.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.termConfidence"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:termConfidence"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-termConfidence.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.termConfidence.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="termConfidence"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-termConfidence.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.withinText"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:withinText"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-withinText.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.withinText.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="withinText"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-withinText.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.domainMapping"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:domainMapping"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-domainMapping.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.domainMapping.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="domainMapping"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-domainMapping.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taConfidence"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:taConfidence"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taConfidence.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taConfidence.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="taConfidence"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taConfidence.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taClassRef"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:taClassRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taClassRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taClassRef.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="taClassRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taClassRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taIdent"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:taIdent"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taIdent.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taIdent.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="taIdent"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taIdent.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taIdentRef"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:taIdentRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taIdentRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taIdentRef.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="taIdentRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taIdentRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taSource"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:taSource"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taSource.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taSource.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="taSource"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taSource.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.localeFilterList"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:localeFilterList"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-localeFilterList.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.localeFilterList.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="localeFilterList"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-localeFilterList.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.localeFilterType"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:localeFilterType"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-localeFilterType.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.localeFilterType.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="localeFilterType"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-localeFilterType.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.person"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:person"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-person.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.person.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="person"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-person.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.personRef"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:personRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-personRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.personRef.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="personRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-personRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.org"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:org"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-org.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.org.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="org"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-org.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.orgRef"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:orgRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-orgRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.orgRef.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="orgRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-orgRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.tool"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:tool"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-tool.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.tool.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="tool"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-tool.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.toolRef"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:toolRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-toolRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.toolRef.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="toolRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-toolRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revPerson"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:revPerson"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-revPerson.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revPerson.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="revPerson"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-revPerson.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revPersonRef"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:revPersonRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-revPersonRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revPersonRef.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="revPersonRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-revPersonRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revOrg"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:revOrg"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-revOrg.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revOrg.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="revOrg"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-revOrg.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revOrgRef"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:revOrgRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-revOrgRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revOrgRef.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="revOrgRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-revOrgRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revTool"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:revTool"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-revTool.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revTool.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="revTool"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-revTool.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revToolRef"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:revToolRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-revToolRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revToolRef.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="revToolRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-revToolRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.provRef"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:provRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-provRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.provRef.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="provRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-provRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.provenanceRecordsRef"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:provenanceRecordsRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-provenanceRecordsRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.provenanceRecordsRef.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="provenanceRecordsRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-provenanceRecordsRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssuesRef"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:locQualityIssuesRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssuesRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssuesRef.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="locQualityIssuesRef"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssuesRef.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueType"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:locQualityIssueType"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssueType.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueType.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="locQualityIssueType"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssueType.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueComment"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:locQualityIssueComment"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssueComment.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueComment.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="locQualityIssueComment"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssueComment.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueSeverity"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:locQualityIssueSeverity"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssueSeverity.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueSeverity.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="locQualityIssueSeverity"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssueSeverity.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define 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#000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueEnabled.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"></interleave> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><group> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingScore.nons"/> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingScoreThreshold.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"></group> "color: #000096"><group> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingVote.nons"/> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingVoteThreshold.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"></group> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingProfileRef.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.mtConfidence.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.allowedCharacters.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.storageSize.nons"/> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.storageEncoding.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.lineBreakType.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.annotatorsRef.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"></interleave> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-span"> "color: #000096"><element name="span"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Inline element to contain ITS information</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-span.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-span.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-span.content"> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><text/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-span"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-span.attributes"> "color: #000096"><interleave> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-local.nons.attributes"/> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></interleave> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-translateRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="translateRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Translate data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-translateRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-translateRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-translateRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-translateRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.translate.nons"/> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-locNoteRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="locNoteRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Localization Note data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locNoteType.nons"/> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNote"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locNotePointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locNoteRef.nons"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locNoteRefPointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locNotePointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="locNotePointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locNoteRefPointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="locNoteRefPointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-locNote"> "color: #000096"><element name="locNote"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Localization note</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNote.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNote.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-locNote.content"> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><text/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-span"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-locNote.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-local.nons.attributes"/> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-termRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="termRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Terminology data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-termRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-termRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-termRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-termRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.term.nons"/> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.termInfoPointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.termInfoRef.nons"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.termInfoRefPointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.termInfoPointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="termInfoPointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.termInfoRefPointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="termInfoRefPointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-dirRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="dirRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Directionality data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-dirRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-dirRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-dirRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-dirRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.dir.nons"/> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-langRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="langRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Language Information data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-langRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-langRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-langRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-langRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.langPointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.langPointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="langPointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-withinTextRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="withinTextRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Elements Within Text data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-withinTextRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-withinTextRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-withinTextRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-withinTextRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.withinText.nons"/> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-domainRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="domainRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Domain data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-domainRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-domainRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-domainRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-domainRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.domainPointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.domainMapping.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.domainPointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="domainPointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-textAnalysisRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="textAnalysisRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Disambiguation data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-textAnalysisRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-textAnalysisRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-textAnalysisRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-textAnalysisRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taClassRefPointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><group> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taSourcePointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taIdentPointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"></group> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taIdentRefPointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taClassRefPointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="taClassRefPointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taClassRefPointer.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taIdentPointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="taIdentPointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taIdentPointer.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taSourcePointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="taSourcePointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taSourcePointer.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taIdentRefPointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="taIdentRefPointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taIdentRefPointer.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-localeFilterRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="localeFilterRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the LocaleFilter data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-localeFilterRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-localeFilterRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-localeFilterRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-localeFilterRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.localeFilterList.nons"/> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.localeFilterType.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-provRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="provRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Provenance data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-provRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-provRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-provRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-provRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.provenanceRecordsRefPointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.provenanceRecordsRefPointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="provenanceRecordsRefPointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-externalResourceRefRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="externalResourceRefRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the External Resource data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-externalResourceRefRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-externalResourceRefRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-externalResourceRefRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-externalResourceRefRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.externalResourceRefPointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.externalResourceRefPointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="externalResourceRefPointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-targetPointerRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="targetPointerRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Target Pointer data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-targetPointerRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-targetPointerRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-targetPointerRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-targetPointerRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.targetPointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.targetPointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="targetPointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-idValueRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="idValueRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Id Value data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-idValueRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-idValueRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-idValueRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-idValueRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.idValue.nons"/> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.idValue.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="idValue"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-xpath-expression.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-preserveSpaceRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="preserveSpaceRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Preserve Space data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-preserveSpaceRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-preserveSpaceRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-preserveSpaceRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-preserveSpaceRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.space.nons"/> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.space.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="space"> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><value>default</value> "color: #000096"><value>preserve</value> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-locQualityIssueRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="locQualityIssueRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Localization Quality Issue data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssueRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssueRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-locQualityIssueRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-locQualityIssueRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssuesRef.nons"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssuesRefPointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"><group> "color: #000096"><oneOrMore> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueType.nons"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueComment.nons"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></oneOrMore> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueSeverity.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueProfileRef.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueEnabled.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"></group> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssuesRefPointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="locQualityIssuesRefPointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-mtConfidenceRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="mtConfidenceRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the MT Confidence data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-mtConfidenceRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-mtConfidenceRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-mtConfidenceRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-mtConfidenceRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.mtConfidence.nons"/> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-allowedCharactersRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="allowedCharactersRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Allowed Characters data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-allowedCharactersRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-allowedCharactersRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-allowedCharactersRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-allowedCharactersRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.allowedCharacters.nons"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.allowedCharactersPointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.allowedCharactersPointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="allowedCharactersPointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-storageSizeRule"> "color: #000096"><element name="storageSizeRule"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Allowed Characters data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-storageSizeRule.content"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-storageSizeRule.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-storageSizeRule.content"> "color: #000096"><empty/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-storageSizeRule.attributes"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.storageSize.nons"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.storageSizePointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.storageEncoding.nons"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.storageEncodingPointer.nons"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.lineBreakType.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.storageSizePointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="storageSizePointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.storageEncodingPointer.nons"> "color: #000096"><attribute name="storageEncodingPointer"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-standoff"> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-provenanceRecords"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssues"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-provenanceRecords"> "color: #000096"><element name="its:provenanceRecords"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Standoff markup for Provenance data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><oneOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-provenanceRecord"/> "color: #000096"></oneOrMore> "color: #000096"><attribute name="xml:id"> "color: #000096"><data type="ID"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.version.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-no-xml-id-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-provenanceRecord"> "color: #000096"><element name="its:provenanceRecord"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Provenance record used in Provenance standoff markup</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-provenanceRecord.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-provenanceRecord.attributes"> "color: #000096"><interleave> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.person.nons"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.personRef.nons"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.org.nons"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.orgRef.nons"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.tool.nons"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.toolRef.nons"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revPerson.nons"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revPersonRef.nons"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revOrg.nons"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revOrgRef.nons"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revTool.nons"/> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revToolRef.nons"/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.provRef.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></interleave> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-locQualityIssues"> "color: #000096"><element name="its:locQualityIssues"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Standoff markup for Localization Quality Issue data category</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><oneOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssue"/> "color: #000096"></oneOrMore> "color: #000096"><attribute name="xml:id"> "color: #000096"><data type="ID"/> "color: #000096"></attribute> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.version.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-no-xml-id-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-locQualityIssue"> "color: #000096"><element name="its:locQualityIssue"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Issue recorded in Localization Quality standoff markup</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssue.attributes"/> "color: #000096"></element> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-locQualityIssue.attributes"> "color: #000096"><interleave> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueType.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueComment.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueSeverity.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueProfileRef.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><optional> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueEnabled.nons"/> "color: #000096"></optional> "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/> "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore> "color: #000096"></interleave> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"></grammar>
[Source file: schemas/its20.rng ]
4. Data type definitions : All datatypes used in the base RELAX NG
schema are defined the following schema. The Translate data
category information to be attached to the current node The element and its content
are part of the flow of its parent element The element splits the text flow of its
parent element and its content is an independent text flow The element is part of
the flow of its parent element, its content is an independent flow A comma
separated list of mappings between values in the content defined the following schema.
"color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> "color: #000096"><grammar xmlns:a="http://relaxng.org/ns/compatibility/annotations/1.0" xmlns="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0" datatypeLibrary="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-datatypes"> "color: #000096"><define name="its-version.type"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Version of ITS</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><data type="string"> "color: #000096"><param name="pattern">[0-9]+\.[0-9]+</param> "color: #000096"></data> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-queryLanguage.type"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The query language to be used for processing the rules</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><value>xpath</value> "color: #000096"><value>css</value> "color: #000096"><text/> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-absolute-selector.type"> "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary=""> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Absolute selector</a:documentation> "color: #000096"></data> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-relative-selector.type"> "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary=""> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Relative selector</a:documentation> "color: #000096"></data> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-xpath-expression.type"> "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary=""/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-confidence.type"> "color: #000096"><data type="double"> "color: #000096"><param name="minInclusive">0</param> "color: #000096"><param name="maxInclusive">1</param> "color: #000096"></data> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-translate.type"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The Translate data category information to be attached to the current node</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><value>yes</value> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The nodes need to be translated</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><value>no</value> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The nodes must not be translated</a:documentation> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-locNote.type"> "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary=""/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-locNoteType.type"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The type of localization note</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><value>alert</value> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Localization note is an alert</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><value>description</value> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Localization note is a description</a:documentation> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-locNoteRef.type"> "color: #000096"><data type="anyURI"/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-termInfoRef.type"> "color: #000096"><data type="anyURI"/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-term.type"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Indicates a term locally</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><value>yes</value> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The value 'yes' means that this is a term</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><value>no</value> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The value 'no' means that this is not a term</a:documentation> "color: #000096"></choice> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-termConfidence.type"> "color: #000096"><ref name="its-confidence.type"/> "color: #000096"></define> "color: #000096"><define name="its-dir.type"> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The text direction for the context</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><choice> "color: #000096"><value>ltr</value> "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Left-to-right text</a:documentation> "color: #000096"><value>rtl