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Recommendations

A Recommendation is work that represents consensus within W3C and has the Director's stamp of approval. W3C considers that the ideas or technology specified by a Recommendation are appropriate for widespread deployment and promote W3C's mission.

Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines 1.0
3 February 2000, Jutta Treviranus, Charles McCathieNevile, Ian Jacobs, Jan Richards
XHTML™ 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language - A Reformulation of HTML 4 in XML 1.0
26 January 2000, Steve Pemberton et al.
HTML 4.01 Specification
24 December 1999. Dave Raggett, Arnaud Le Hors, Ian Jacobs
This specification is the latest version of HTML 4. It supersedes the HTML 4.0 Recommendation first published as HTML 4.0 on 18 December 1997 and revised as HTML 4.0 on 24 April 1998.
XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 1.0
16 November 1999, James Clark
XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0
16 November 1999, James Clark, Steve DeRose
Mathematical Markup Language (MathML™) 1.01 Specification
7 April 1998, revised 7 July 1999. Patrick Ion, Robert Miner, Stephen Buswell, Nico Poppelier
Associating Style Sheets with XML documents
29 June 1999, James Clark
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0
5 May 1999, Wendy Chisholm, Gregg Vanderheiden, Ian Jacobs
Resource Description Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax Specification
22 February 1999, Ora Lassila, Ralph R. Swick
WebCGM Profile
21 January 1999, David Cruikshank, John Gebhardt, Lofton Henderson, Roy Platon, Dieter Weidenbrueck
Namespaces in XML
14 January 1999, Tim Bray, Dave Hollander, Andrew Layman
Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1
1 October 1998, Vidur Apparao, Steve Byrne, Mike Champion, Scott Isaacs, Ian Jacobs, Arnaud Le Hors, Gavin Nicol, Jonathan Robie, Robert Sutor, Chris Wilson, Lauren Wood
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) 1.0 Specification
15 June 1998, Philipp Hoschka
PICS Signed Labels (DSig) 1.0 Specification
27 May 1998, Yang-Hua Chu, Philip DesAutels, Brian LaMacchia, Peter Lipp
Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 (CSS2) Specification
12 May 1998, Bert Bos, Håkon Wium Lie, Chris Lilley, Ian Jacobs
Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 Specification
10 February 1998, Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen
PICSRules 1.1 Specification
29 December 1997, Christopher Evans, Clive D.W. Feather, Alex Hopmann, Martin Presler-Marshall, Paul Resnick
HTML 3.2 Reference Specification
14 January 1997, Dave Raggett
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS1) Level 1 Specification
17 December 1996, revised 11 January 1999, Håkon W. Lie and Bert Bos
PICS 1.1 Rating Services and Rating Systems -- and Their Machine Readable Descriptions
31 October 1996, Jim Miller, Paul Resnick and David Singer
PICS 1.1 Label Distribution -- Label Syntax and Communication Protocols
31 October 1996, Tim Krauskopf, Jim Miller, Paul Resnick and Win Treese
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification
1 October 1996, various authors

Candidate Recommendations

A Candidate Recommendation is work that has received significant review from its immediate technical community. It is an explicit call to those outside of the related Working Groups or the W3C itself for implementation and technical feedback.

XML Base
8 September 2000, Jonathan Marsh
Candidate Recommendation Phase Ends 8 December 2000.
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.0 Specification
2 August 2000, Jon Ferraiolo
XML Linking Language (XLink) Version 1.0
3 July 2000, Steve DeRose, Eve Maler, David Orchard, Ben Trafford
Candidate Recommendation Phase Ends 3 October 2000.
XML Pointer Language (XPointer) Version 1.0
7 June 2000, Ron Daniel Jr., Steve DeRose, Eve Maler
Candidate Recommendation Phase Ends 7 September 2000.
Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Specification Version 1.0
10 May 2000, Lauren Wood, Arnaud Le Hors, Vidur Apparao, Laurence Cable, Mike Champion, Mark Davis, Joe Kesselman, Philippe Le Hégaret, Tom Pixley, Jonathan Robie, Peter Sharpe, Chris Wilson
User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0
10 March 2000, Jon Gunderson, Ian Jacobs
Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schemas
3 March 2000, Dan Brickley, R.V. Guha
Candidate Recommendation Phase Ends 15 June 2000.

Working Drafts

The following Working Drafts are for review by W3C Members and other interested parties. These are draft documents and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use W3C working drafts as reference material or to cite them as other than "work in progress".

Canonical XML Version 1.0
7 September 2000, John Boyer
Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Core Specification Version 1.0
1 September 2000, Arnaud Le Hors
Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Events Specification Version 1.0
1 September 2000, Philippe Le Hégaret, Tom Pixley
Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Content Models and Load and Save Specification Version 1.0
1 September 2000, Ben Chang, Andy Heninger, Joe Kesselman
XHTML™ Events
28 August 2000, Ted Wugofsky
XSL Transformations Requirements Version 1.1
25 August 2000, Steve Muench
XForms Requirements
21 August 2000, Micah Dubinko, Sebastian Schnitzenbaumer, Malte Wedel, Dave Raggett
XML Query Requirements
15 August 2000, Don Chamberlin, Peter Fankhauser, Massimo Marchiori, Jonathan Robie
XForms 1.0: Data Model
15 August 2000, Micah Dubinko, Sebastian Schnitzenbaumer, Dave Raggett
Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition)
14 August 2000, Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, Eve Maler
Speech Synthesis Markup Language Specification for the Speech Interface Framework
8 August 2000, Mark R. Walker, Andrew Hunt
SMIL Animation
31 July 2000, Patrick Schmitz, Aaron Cohen
XML Information Set
26 July 2000, John Cowan
Composite Capabilities/Preference Profiles: Requirements and Architecture
21 July 2000, Mikael Nilsson, Johan Hjelm, Hidetaka Ohto
Composite Capabilities/Preference Profiles: Terminology and Abbreviations
21 July 2000, Mikael Nilsson
CC/PP Attribute Vocabularies
21 July 2000, Graham Klyne
Composite Capability/Preference Profiles (CC/PP): Structure
21 July 2000, Franklin Reynolds, Chris Woodrow, Hidetaka Ohto
XML Inclusions (XInclude) Version 1.0
17 July 2000, Jonathan Marsh, David Orchard
XML-Signature Syntax and Processing
11 July 2000, Donald Eastlake, Joseph Reagle, David Solo
Speech Recognition Grammar Specification for the W3C Speech Interface Framework
10 July 2000, Andrew Hunt, Scott McGlashan
Multimodal Requirements for Voice Markup Languages
10 July 2000, Marianne Hickey
Unicode in XML and other Markup Languages
23 June 2000, Martin Dürst, Asmus Freytag
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) Boston Specification
22 June 2000, Jeff Ayars, Dick Bulterman, Aaron Cohen, Erik Hodge, Philipp Hoschka, Eric Hyche, Ken Day, Kenichi Kubota, Rob Lanphier, Nabil Layaïda, Philippe Le Hégaret, Thierry Michel, Muriel Jourdan, Jacco van Ossenbruggen, Lloyd Rutledge, Bridie Saccocio, Patrick Schmitz, Warner ten Kate, Ted Wugofski
XML Query Data Model
11 May 2000, Mary Fernandez, Jonathan Robie
The Platform for Privacy Preferences 1.0 (P3P1.0) Specification
10 May 2000, Massimo Marchiori
Reusable Dialog Requirements for Voice Markup Language
26 April 2000, Daniel C. Burnett
Techniques For Accessibility Evaluation And Repair Tools
26 April 2000, Chris Ridpath, Wendy Chisholm
A P3P Preference Exchange Language (APPEL)
20 April 2000, Lorrie Cranor, Marc Langheinrich, Massimo Marchiori
CSS3 introduction
14 April 2000, Eric A. Meyer
Document Object Model (DOM) Requirements
12 April 2000, Lauren Wood, Philippe Le Hégaret, Ben Chang, James Davidson, Andy Heninger, Joe Kesselman, Arnaud Le Hors, Tom Pixley, Jared Sorensen, Ray Whitmer
CSS3 module: W3C selectors
10 April 2000, Tantek Çelik, Daniel Glazman, Peter Linss, John Williams
XML Schema Part 1: Structures
7 April 2000, Henry S. Thompson, David Beech, Murray Maloney, Noah Mendelsohn. Last Call Ends 12 May 2000.
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes
7 April 2000, Paul V. Biron, Ashok Malhotra. Last Call Ends 12 May 2000.
XML Schema Part 0: Primer
7 April 2000, David C. Fallside
Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0
28 March 2000, Nico Poppelier, Robert Miner, Patrick Ion, David Carlisle. Last Call Ends 30 April 2000.
Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Version 1.0
27 March 2000, Sharon Adler, Anders Berglund, Jeff Caruso, Stephen Deach, Paul Grosso, Eduardo Gutentag, Alex Milowski, Scott Parnell, Jeremy Richman, Steve Zilles. Last Call Ends 30 April 2000.
Techniques for User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0
10 March 2000, Jon Gunderson, Ian Jacobs
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language Document Object Model
25 February 2000, Philippe Le Hégaret, Patrick Schmitz
User Interface for CSS3
16 February 2000, Tantek Çelik
XHTML™ Basic
10 February 2000, Masayasu Ishikawa, Shinichi Matsui, Peter Stark, Toshihiko Yamakami. Last Call Ends 15 March 2000.
XHTML™ 1.1 - Module-based XHTML
5 January 2000, Murray Altheim, Shane McCarron. Last Call Ends 1 February 2000
Modularization of XHTML™
5 January 2000, Murray Altheim, Frank Boumphrey, Sam Dooley, Shane McCarron, Ted Wugofski. Last Call Ends 1 February 2000
Building XHTML™ Modules
5 January 2000, Murray Altheim, Shane McCarron. Last Call Ends 1 February 2000
Model Architecture for Voice Browser Systems
23 December 1999, M. K. Brown, D. A. Dahl
Speech Synthesis Markup Requirements for Voice Markup Languages
23 December 1999, Andrew Hunt
Natural Language Processing Requirements for Voice Markup Languages
23 December 1999, Deborah Dahl
Grammar Representation Requirements for Voice Markup Languages
23 December 1999, M. K. Brown
Dialog Requirements for Voice Markup Languages
23 December 1999, Scott McGlashan
Voice Browsers, Introduction
23 December 1999, Michael Robin, Jim Larson
Ruby Annotation
17 December 1999, Marcin Sawicki, Michel Suignard, Masayasu Ishikawa, Martin Dürst. Last call ends 14 January 2000.
Character Model for the World Wide Web
29 November 1999, Martin J. Dürst, François Yergeau
XML-Signature Requirements
14 October 1999, Joseph Reagle Jr.
Paged Media Properties for CSS3
28 September 1999, Robert Stevahn
International Layout
10 September 1999, Marcin Sawicki
XHTML™ Document Profile Requirements
6 September 1999, Dave Raggett, Peter Stark, Ted Wugofski
Common Markup for micropayment per-fee-links
25 August 1999, Thierry Michel. Last call ended 30 September 1999, but implementation experience solicited until 31 March 2000.
Behavioral Extensions to CSS
4 August 1999, Vidur Apparao, Daniel Glazman, Chris Wilson
XML Fragment Interchange
30 June 1999, Paul Grosso, Daniel Veillard
CSS Namespace Enhancements (Proposal)
25 June 1999, Peter Linss
Color Profiles for CSS3
23 June 1999, Tantek Çelik, Brad Pettit, Chris Lilley
Multi-column layout in CSS
23 June 1999, Håkon Wium Lie
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Requirements
29 October 1998, Jon Ferraiolo
Requirements for String Identity Matching and String Indexing
10 July 1998, Martin J. Dürst
XSL Requirements Summary
11 May 1998, Norman Walsh

Notes

The following are W3C Notes that have been published at the Director's discretion. A Note does not represent commitment by W3C to pursue work related to the Note.

Accessibility Features of SVG
7 August 2000, Charles McCathieNevile, Marja-Riitta Koivunen
SAC: Simple API for CSS
28 July 2000, Bert Bos, Philippe Le Hégaret
HTML Working Group Roadmap
21 July 2000, Steven Pemberton, Dave Raggett
Techniques for Authoring Tool Accessibility
4 May 2000, Jutta Treviranus, Charles McCathieNevile, Ian Jacobs, Jan Richards
Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP
3 May 2000, Yves Lafon, Bert Bos
PICS Rating Vocabularies in XML/RDF
27 March 2000, Dan Brickley, Ralph R. Swick
A Notation for Character Collections for the WWW
14 January 2000, Martin J. Dürst
W3C and Electronic Commerce
7 January 2000, Thierry Michel
Eskimo Snow and Scottish Rain: Legal Considerations of Schema Design
10 December 1999, Joseph Reagle
Analysis of P3P and US Patent 5,862,325
27 October 1999, Barry D. Rein, Garland T. Stephens, Henry C. Lebowitz (Joseph M. Reagle, Daniel J. Weitzner, Editors)
TV Broadcast URI Schemes Requirements
21 October 1999, Warner ten Kate, Gomar Thomas, Craig Finseth
The Cambridge Communiqué
7 October 1999, Ralph R. Swick, Henry S. Thompson
Accessibility Features of SMIL
21 September 1999, Marja-Riitta Koivunen, Ian Jacobs
Web Fonts
2 September 1999, Brad Chase, Chuck Rowe, Chris Lilley, David Meltzer, Glen Rippel, Håkon Lie, Randy Polen, Robert Stevahn, Steve Zilles. The previous draft was published 21 July 1997.
Aural Cascading Style Sheets (ACSS) Specification
2 September 1999, Chris Lilley, T.V. Raman. The previous draft was published 30 June 1997.
CSS Printing Extensions
2 September 1999, Hakon Wium Lie, Robert Stevahn, Stephen Waters The previous draft was published 26 June 1997.
Accessibility Features of CSS
4 August 1999, Ian Jacobs, Judy Brewer
Form-based Device Input and Upload in HTML
28 July 1999, James P. Salsman
Annotation of Web Content for Transcoding
28 July 1999, Masahiro Hori, Rakesh Mohan, Hiroshi Maruyama, Sandeep Singhal
Composite Capability/Preference Profiles (CC/PP): A user side framework for content negotiation
27 July 1999, Franklin Reynolds, Johan Hjelm, Spencer Dawkins, Sandeep Singhal
CC/PP exchange protocol based on HTTP Extension Framework
24 June 1999, Hidetaka Ohto, Johan Hjelm
WAP Binary XML Content Format
24 June 1999, Bruce Martin, Bashar Jano
POIX: Point Of Interest eXchange Language Specification
24 June 1999, Hiroyuki Kanemitsu, Tomihisa Kamada
Web Architecture: Describing and Exchanging Data
7 June 1999, Tim Berners-Lee, Dan Connolly, Ralph R. Swick
XML Canonicalization Requirements
5 June 1999, James Tauber, Joel Nava
Web Characterization Terminology & Definitions Sheet
24 May 1999, Brian Lavoie, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen
Editing the Web: Detecting the Lost Update Problem Using Unreserved Checkout
10 May 1999, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, Daniel LaLiberte
Techniques for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0
5 May 1999, Wendy Chisholm, Gregg Vanderheiden, Ian Jacobs
Web Characterization: From working group to activity
19 March 1999, Jim Pitkow, Johan Hjelm, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen
HTML 4.0 Guidelines for Mobile Access
15 March 1999, Tomihisa Kamada, Takuya Asada, Masayasu Ishikawa, Shin'ichi Matsui
XML XLink Requirements Version 1.0
24 February 1999, Steven J. DeRose
XML XPointer Requirements Version 1.0
24 February 1999, Steven J. DeRose
XPointer-Information Set Liaison Statement Version 1.0
24 February 1999, Steven J. DeRose
Synchronized Multimedia Modules based upon SMIL 1.0
23 February 1999, Patrick Schmitz, Ted Wugofski, Warner ten Kate
XML Information Set Requirements
18 February 1999, David Megginson
XML Schema Requirements
15 February 1999, Ashok Malhotra, Murray Maloney
List of suggested extensions to CSS
10 December 1998, Bert Bos
XML Fragment Interchange Requirements, Version 1.0
23 November 1998, Paul Grosso
The Platform for Privacy Preferences
6 November 1998, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Joseph Reagle
WAP Forum - W3C Cooperation White Paper
30 October 1998, Johan Hjelm, Bruce Martin, Peter King
Using XSL and CSS together
11 September 1998, Håkon Lie, Bert Bos
A Discussion of the Relationship Between RDF-Schema and UML
4 August 1998, Walter W. Chang
P3P Guiding Principles
21 July 1998, Lorrie Faith Cranor
Displaying SMIL Basic Layout with a CSS2 Rendering engine
20 July 1998, Philipp Hoschka, Chris Lilley
HTTP-ng Architectural Model
10 July 1998, Bill Janssen, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, Mike Spreitzer
HTTP-ng Binary Wire Protocol
10 July 1998, Bill Janssen
HTTP-ng Web Interfaces
10 July 1998, Dan Larner
SMUX Protocol Specification
10 July 1998, Jim Gettys, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen
Design of HTTP-ng Testbed
10 July 1998, Daniel Veillard
Hyper Graphics Markup Language (HGML)
19 June 1998, Mike Evans, Steven Furnell, Andy Phippen, Paul Reynolds, Neil Lilly, John Hammac
Statement on the Intent and Use of PICS: Using PICS Well
1 June 1998, Joseph Reagle, Daniel J. Weitzner
XML in HTML Meeting Report
11 May 1998, Dan Connolly, Lauren Wood
Short- and Long-Term Goals for the HTTP-NG Project
27 March 1998, Michael Spreitzer, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen
P3P Protocol and Data Transport Working Group Draft White Paper
24 March 1998, Philip DesAutels, Steve Lucas, Joseph Reagle
Primary Language in HTML
13 March 1998, M.T. Carrasco Benitez
XML Linking Language (XLink) Design Principles
3 March 1998, Eve Maler, Steve DeRose
Web Architecture: Extensible Languages
10 Februray 1998, Tim Berners-Lee, Dan Connolly
Voice Browsers
28 January 1998, Dave Raggett, Or Ben-Nattan
Name Spaces in XML
19 January 1998, Tim Bray, Dave Hollander, Andrew Layman
Client-Specific Web Services by Using User Agent Attributes
30 December 1997, Tomihisa Kamada, Tomohiko Miyazaki
Comparison of SGML and XML
15 December 1997, James Clark
PEP Specification: an Extension Mechanism for HTTP
21 November 1997, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, Dan Connolly, Rohit Khare, Eric Prud'hommeaux
Introduction to RDF Metadata
13 November 1997, Ora Lassila
W3C Data Formats
29 October 1997, Tim Berners-Lee
Amaya Testbed Environments: the Java and ILU versions of Amaya
28 October 1997, Daniel Veillard
PICS Extension for HTTP Cookies
23 October 1997, Daniel Jaye
P3P Architecture Working Group: General Overview of the P3P Architecture
22 October 1997, Joseph Reagle, Martin Presler-Martin, Melissa Dunn, Philip DesAutels, Lorrie Cranor, Mark Ackerman
P3P Architecture Working Group: General Overview of the P3P Architecture
22 October 1997, Joseph Reagle, Martin Presler-Martin, Melissa Dunn, Philip DesAutels, Lorrie Cranor, Mark Ackerman
Designing a Social Protocol: Lessons Learned from the Platform for Privacy Preferences
2 October 1997, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Joseph Reagle Jr.
Positioning HTML Elements with Cascading Style Sheets
2 September 1999, Robert Stevahn, Scott Furman, Scott Isaacs. The previous draft was published 19 August 1997.
CSS: Potential Enhancements
19 August 1997, Mike Wexler
W3C Activities Related to the "Global Information Networks" Ministerial Conference Meeting in Bonn, Germany
11 July 1997, Sally Khudairi, Josef Dietl
W3C Activities Related to the US "Framework for Global Electronic Commerce"
6 July 1997, Joseph Reagle
Network Performance Effects of HTTP/1.1, CSS1, and PNG
24 June 1997, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, Jim Gettys, Anselm Baird-Smith, Eric Prud'hommeaux, Håkon W. Lie, Chris Lilley
Use of CGM as a Scalable Graphics Format
18 June 1997, Roy Platon and Chris Lilley
Implementation of OPS Over HTTP
2 June 1997, Pat Hensley, Max Metral, Upendra Shardanand, Donna Converse, Mike Myers
Standard Practices for OPS Systems
2 June 1997, Pat Hensley, Max Metral, Upendra Shardanand, Donna Converse, Mike Myers
White Paper: Joint Electronic Payment Initiative
19 May 1997, Eui-Suk Chung and Daniel Dardailler
Handheld Device Markup Language Specification
9 May 1997, Peter King, Tim Hyland
PICS-NG Metadata Model and Label Syntax
14 May 1997, Ora Lassila
HTML DTD with support for Style Sheets
21 April 1997, Dave Raggett
An Introduction to Amaya
20 February 1997, Vincent Quint and Irène Vatton
Digital Signature Label Architecture
10 January 1997, Rohit Khare
Selecting Payment Mechanisms Over HTTP
6 January 1997, Don Eastlake, Rohit Khare, Jim Miller
HTTP-based Distributed Content Editing Scenarios
13 December 1996, Ora Lassila
Imagemapped Images and Image-Incapable User Agents
26 November 1996, Ian Graham
Resource Description Messages (RDM)
24 July 1996, Darren Hardy
Frame-based layout via Style Sheets
8 June 1996, Bert Bos, David Raggett and Håkon W. Lie
Jigsaw: An Object Oriented Server
7 June 1996, Anselm Baird-Smith
Jigsaw performance evaluation
7 June 1996, Anselm Baird-Smith
HTML predefined icon-like symbols
4 June 1996, Bert Bos
A Proposed Convention for Embedding Metadata in HTML
2 June 1996, Reported by Stuart Weibel
The ILU Requester: Object Services in HTTP Servers
7 March 1996, Paul Everitt
HTML Dialects: Internet Medial and SGML Document Types
6 March 1996, Dan Connolly
Session Identification URI
21 February 1996, Phillip M. Hallam-Baker, Dan Connolly
Notification for Proxy Caches
21 February 1996, Phillip M. Hallam-Baker
Extended Log File Format
21 February 1996, Phillip M. Hallam-Baker, Brian Behlendorf
A Lexical Analyzer for HTML and Basic SGML
8 February 1996, Dan Connolly
Micro Payment Transfer Protocol (MPTP)
22 November 1995, Phillip M. Hallam-Baker
Giving Information About Other Resources in HTML
20 November 1995, Tim Berners-Lee, David Raggett
Proposals for Gathering Consumer Demographics
6 November 1995, Dan Connolly
"Character Set" Considered Harmful
2 May 1995, Dan Connolly

About W3C Technical Reports

As described in the Process Document, W3C publishes several types of technical reports:

Notes
A Note is a dated, public record of an idea, comment, or document. A Note does not represent commitment by W3C to pursue work related to the Note.
Working Drafts
A Working Draft represents work in progress and a commitment by W3C to pursue work in this area. A Working Draft does not imply consensus by a group or W3C.
Candidate Recommendations
A Candidate Recommendation is work that has received significant review from its immediate technical community. It is an explicit call to those outside of the related Working Groups or the W3C itself for implementation and technical feedback.
Proposed Recommendations
A Proposed Recommendation is work that (1) represents consensus within the group that produced it and (2) has been proposed by the Director to the Advisory Committee for review.
Recommendations
A Recommendation is work that represents consensus within W3C and has the Director's stamp of approval. W3C considers that the ideas or technology specified by a Recommendation are appropriate for widespread deployment and promote W3C's mission.

Specifications developed within W3C must be formally approved by the Membership. Consensus is reached after a specification has proceeded through the review stages of Working Draft, Proposed Recommendation, and Recommendation.

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