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ARIA 1.0 Implementation Report

Quick links: Overview, Test Plan, Implementer Instructions, Test Harness

This implementation report describes how the Protocols and Formats Working Group tested and demonstrated implementability of the two specifications above. Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.0 was published as a W3C Candidate Recommendation on 18 January 2011. WAI-ARIA 1.0 User Agent Implementation Guide was published as a W3C Candidate Recommendation on 17 December 2013. Candidate Recommendation is the maturity stage for a specification at which it is believed to be complete and implementable. To move to the next stage, the Working Group demonstrates implementability of the requirements, usually by documenting at least two interoperable implementations of each feature. The mechanism to do this depends on the nature of the specification. Because these two specifications are interdependent, implementation experience for both is provided in this combined report.

Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Exit Criteria
  3. Implementation and Testing
  4. Work during the Candidate Recommendation period
  5. Disposition of "at risk" items
  6. Test Results
  7. Requirements Demonstrated Via Non-Test Mechanisms
  8. References
  9. Acknowledgements

Introduction

This is an implementation report for the Accessible Rich Internet Applications 1.0 (WAI-ARIA), and for the WAI-ARIA 1.0 User Agent Implementation Guide (UAIG). The report for these two specifications is combined because of the tight inter-dependency between, them described further below.

WAI-ARIA 1.0 transitioned to Candidate Recommendation on 18 January 2011. The Candidate Recommendation transition meeting took place on 22 December 2010 and 7 January 2011. WAI-ARIA 1.0 User Agent Implementation Guide transitioned to Candidate Recommendation on 17 December 2013. The Candidate Recommendation transition meeting took place on 13 December 2013.

WAI-ARIA and the UAIG are closely related specifications. While they entered Candidate Recommendation on different dates, it was always the plan—stated in the ARIA Candidate Recommendation—that they would advance to Proposed Recommendation together.

The two specifications, though interdependent, are separate for the following reasons:

  • They play different roles in the suite. WAI-ARIA itself defines the basic technology “Accessible Rich Internet Applications”. The UAIG specifies concrete implementation procedures in user agents, which varies according to platform and requires more detailed specification than was suitable for the main spec.
  • They have been developed on different timelines. It was desirable to lock down the features of WAI-ARIA by advancing it to a stable stage, while user agent implementation details continued to be refined.

However, the two specifications are closely inter-related. The UAIG primarily provides user agent implementation procedures for the features of WAI-ARIA, thus depends on WAI-ARIA. In turn, implementation of WAI-ARIA is demonstrated by testing implementation requirements specified by the UAIG, thus WAI-ARIA also depends on the UAIG. For these reasons, each specification requires the other to demonstrate its implementation requirements. For best efficiency, the implementation report for both specifications is provided together here.

Exit Criteria

The WAI-ARIA Exit Criteria and the UAIG Exit Criteria are quite similar. They specify that tests will be prepared and executed, and passing results on two implementations will constitute demonstration of interoperability. Because many of the tests depend on mapping to accessibility APIs which often have only one implementation, successful mapping of a given WAI-ARIA feature need only be demonstrated for any accessibility API, not necessarily each accessibility API.

In general, a distinct implementation is counted as a distinct user agent on a given operating system mapping to a particular platform. For instance, Firefox on Windows mapping to MSAA + UIA Express is one implementation, and Safari on OS X mapping to AXAPI is another. This pattern ensures that implemenations are fully distinct from each other. For approximately 5% of test cases, however, versions of a single user agent mapping to different platforms were used to demonstrate interoperability. These were Firefox on Windows mapping to MSAA + UIA Express, and Firefox on Linux mapping to ATK / AT-SPI. Because the same user agent was used, it was important to verify that the implementations were nonetheless distinct. Working with the implementer, the Working Group confirmed that the code base for WAI-ARIA mapping on the two platforms is separate, and maintained by different developers. Therefore these two versions of Firefox can be considered distinct for purposes of demonstrating interoperability of the specification; this is further demonstrated in portions of the the test report where Firefox on one platform passes while fails on another platform (such as test case 8). In spite of assuring itself that two implementations of Firefox are in fact distinct, the Working Group went to some length to minimize reliance on this. Only when it was clear after several rounds of discussion that other user agents would not be able to repair bugs in a realistic timeframe, did the group rely on the two versions of Firefox.

Only sections of the specifications that contain normative requirements are tested. Non-normative recommendations, while valuable, were not requirements because they were not implementable in all situations. RFC 2119 "SHOULD" and "MAY" statements were therefore considered non-normative for this purpose. Normative requirements tested constitute RFC 2119 "MUST" statements and other requirements in sections stating "This section is normative". For the WAI-ARIA specification, this includes The Roles Model, Supported States and Properties, Implementation in Host Languages, and Conformance; for the UAIG, this includes Supporting Keyboard Navigation, Mapping WAI-ARIA to Accessibility APIs, and Special Document Handling Procedures.

Implementation and testing

Implementations

The design of WAI-ARIA supports specialized interfaces, called accessibility APIs (AAPI), which can be used to communicate accessibility information about user interfaces to assistive technologies. The UAIG addresses the following accessibility APIs:

  • Microsoft Active Accessibility 2.0 with UIA Express
  • MSAA with IAccessible2 1.3
  • Linux Accessibility Toolkit 2.10.0 and Assistive Technology - Service Provider Interface 2.1
  • Mac OS X Accessibility Protocol Mac OS 10.9

These APIs are each defined for a particular operating system and together form a platform. The accessibility features of these platforms are defined by operating system vendors and are beyond the scope of WAI-ARIA. User agents expose semantics provided by WAI-ARIA markup to the platform as prescribed by the UAIG. Therefore, the implementations tested are these user agents on specific platforms. User agents tested include:

  • Internet Explorer 9.0.8112.16421 – 11.096 on MSAA with UIA Express
  • Firefox 10.0.2 – 28.0a1 on MSAA + IAccessible2
  • Firefox 11.0 – 25.0 on ATK / AT-SPI
  • Safari 6.0 – 6.1 (8537.71) on AXAPI

Various versions of user agents were tested because implementation of WAI-ARIA progressed over the course of the testing period. Test results also uncovered implementation bugs which were fixed and updated versions of the user agent tested. Passing test results in any version of a user agent was considered to be one of the two implementations required to demonstrate interoperable implementability of the relevant ARIA feature.

Assistive technologies (AT) use the information exposed to the platform AAPI to support accessible interaction according to the needs of a specific user. How AT do this is specific to the particular AT and user and is not specified by WAI-ARIA. Therefore, AT support for WAI-ARIA was not tested.

Test suite

A test suite was prepared including testable statements, test files, and expected results. Test files are located in a Mercurial repository. Testable statements, expected results, and a framework to support test execution and results collection are in the test harness.

A key characteristic of the UAIG is that it defines mappings, for each WAI-ARIA feature, to more than one platform. The appropriate expected result for a given test case depends, therefore, on the platform being tested. Therefore the test harness allows multiple expected results to be defined for each test case and associates them with the appropriate platform. Testing of ARIA features depends on these mappings; therefore the UAIG is a critical resource to ARIA testing, and itself is largely tested by the ARIA testing process.

Testing is associated with “test runs” which contain metadata about the user agent and platform being tested; when testers change user agents or even versions, they create a new test run. This ensures test results are clearly associated with a particular version of a user agent and results remain valid for that version while allowing collection of new results for updated versions. For this reason the test report may include both failure and passing results for some tests on a given user agent, representing older and newer test runs.

When a tester executes a test run, they are presented with a list of applicable testable statements with option to test each one. Opening the test window presents the testable statement and expected result appropriate to the platform, the test file itself, and buttons to indicate the test result. Testers can only enter one result per test case per test run, but can edit previous results.

Test procedure

Screen shot of Accerciser reporting accessible object properties in Firefox for test case 625
Screen shot of Accessibility Inspector reporting accessible object properties in Safari for test case 461

The majority of ARIA test cases investigate how ARIA features, normally provided in a HTML document, are exposed to platform accessibility APIs. Because assistive technology was excluded from testing to avoid confounding results, determining test results requires inspection of the accessibility API with dedicated tools. Testers would open the test file in a user agent, perform any interaction instructions, and then use the AAPI inspector to find the appropriate object corresponding to the test element in the HTML file. Expected results for the test cases indicate object properties of interest which the user could compare to those found in the inspector. This was a manual process because AAPI inspectors mostly are utility programs that don’t provide complex automation support, and the group did not take time to develop an automated solution.

The following AAPI inspectors were used by testers:

Some tests, particularly for the UAIG, do not require AAPI inspection. They test behavior of the user agent under certain conditions. These were also tested manually because the number of tests was too small to merit automation even though they are more easility automated than AAPI inspection tests. In some cases, script set up an environment for the test after the page loaded, or testers were instructed to perform a particular interaction and observe the result.

Working with implementers

Implementation of WAI-ARIA was done in close collaboration with the Protocols and Formats Working Group. Preliminary implementations were done years prior to the ARIA Candidate Recommendation, as an iterative way to develop the candidate technology. Many implementers kept implementations up to date as the specification matured, and submitted feedback. When formal testing began, implementations were believed to be mature; however, many bugs that were overlooked previously due to lack of test cases came to light. For the testing period, most implementers had representatives in the Working Group, who worked together in via task forces to define implementation expectations, compare progress, discuss issues, etc. Implementers without direct representation had identified contact persons with whom the group could coordinate. These two channels allowed the group to track the progress of implementations, file bugs directly with implementers, verify implementation fixes, and resolve interoperability issues.

Work during the Candidate Recommendation period

After WAI-ARIA 1.0 was published as a Candidate Recommendation, the Protocols and Formats Working Group set about collecting implementations to demonstrate satisfaction of the Candidate Recommendation Exit Criteria. Work included:

  • Review the specification to identify every normative requirement. These include prose statements that use the RFC 2119 "MUST" keyword, and property tables that are elsewhere indicated to be normative for the specification.
  • Define testable statements for each normative requirement. Expected results could vary by platform and required reference to the WAI-ARIA 1.0 User Agent Implementation Guide to complete.
  • Create test files to allow testing of the testable statements in a user agent on a platform. Test files normally consist of HTML 4 code with WAI-ARIA features added. In a few cases, HTML 5 was used because of new features required for the test condition, such as enhanced keyboard management. However, HTML 5-based testing was explicitly not a goal of the testing effort and this was not routinely used.
  • Execute tests in a test harness that allowed collection of results for different platforms.
  • Address issues raised during testing:
    • Editorial clarifications to the specification that supported more clear and precise test expectations;
    • Maintenance of the WAI-ARIA User Agent Implementation Guide, where implementation issues not well addressed by the WAI-ARIA specification could be elaborated - for this reason, the UAIG did not advance to Candidate Recommendation until late in the WAI-ARIA testing process;
    • Refinement and expansion of the test suite, and retesting as needed;
    • Brought a set of proposed specification enhancements to the Director to determine if they were substantial enough to require re-review via return to Working Draft - the Director approved the edits without this change.
  • Advance the UAIG to Candidate Recommendation after the above issues were addressed, giving a very short Candidate Recommendation period to give implementers a final chance to meet at risk requirements before deferring them to future version—which succeeded for two.

Disposition of "at risk" items

When a specification is published as a Candidate Recommendation, the Working Group may identify that some features are "at risk". This means that the group is not sure if it will find implementation of the feature, and specifies what action will be taken at the end of the Candidate Recommendation period. This is the only mechanism allowing normative change after the publication of the Candidate Recommendation; any normative requirements not marked as "at risk" must either be implemented or the specification returned to Working Draft.

WAI-ARIA defined one feature at risk in the Candidate Recommendation:

The Text Alternative Computation (Section 5.2.7.3), step 2B, may be changed from a normative requirement to an informative recommendation if interoperable implementations are not found. This does not affect the rest of the Text Alternative Computation.

Over the course of testing and implementation, this item was successfully implemented and the risk action has not been taken.

The UAIG defined four features at risk in the Candidate Recommenation:

  1. Steps 10 and 11 of Controlling focus with tabindex (Section 4.2), which broaden keyboard accessibility by event simulation, may be removed as a normative requirement if interoperable implementations are not found. The remaining steps in this section are not at risk and would not be removed.
  2. The Microsoft UIA column in the mapping tables for sections 4.1, 5.4.1, 5.5.1, 5.8.1, 5.8.2, 5.8.3, 5.8.4 may be removed if an implementation is not found. The remaining AAPI columns would not be removed.
  3. The Text Alternative Computation (Section 5.6.1.1), step 2B, may be changed from a normative requirement to an informative recommendation if interoperable implementations are not found. This does not affect the rest of the Text Alternative Computation.
  4. Section 5.8.4 Special Events for Menus is only implemented on one platform. If an additional implementation is not found, requirements in this section will be changed to recommendations. Their status as requirements would be reconsidered for a future version of this specification.

The first two items have not found sufficient implementation. Accordingly, the Working Group has removed steps 10 and 11 of Section 4.2, and removed the Microsoft UIA column from the mapping tables for sections 4.1, 5.4.1, 5.5.1, 5.8.1, 5.8.2, 5.8.3, and 5.8.4.

The group was able to document implementation of the text alternative computation and special events for menus. Therefore, the risk action has not been taken for items 3 and 4 in the list above.

Test Results

@@Executive summary, move details to separate page, also cover what we did in the 3-year testing period.

Below is a report of the implementation of each of the normative requirements of WAI-ARIA 1.0. Columns show the user agents and platforms tested. For each requirement, the user agent may pass or fail the requirement; empty cells indicate no data has been collected. Testers could also indicate they were uncertain about the outcome or that they thought the test case was invalid, triggering test case review and retest. Working Group review determined when "pass" results were valid in the face of other results recorded, e.g., because the test case had been changed or a new version of the user agent released with the relevant bug fixed.

The link in the first column of the table, ID, shows details about the test results collected for the particular test case, including tester, date of test, and user agent and version tested. It can be seen how, in some test cases, failures were originally reported, then the same or another tester later used an updated version of the user agent and reported a pass.

The link in the second column of the table, Ref, links to the section of the specification relevant to the test case, when available in the database. Many testable requirements in the specification are expressed in tables of properties, lacking individual IDs, so test cases reference the closest relevant section heading. Therefore sometimes there are many test cases associated with a particular section.

Accessible Rich Internet Applications 1.0 Test Results

ID Ref Firefox Internet Explorer Safari Chrome
MSAA + IAccessible2 ATK/AT-SPI MSAA + UIA Express AXAPI MSAA + IAccessible2 AXAPI
Pass Fail Unc. Inv. Pass Fail Unc. Inv. Pass Fail Unc. Inv. Pass Fail Unc. Inv. Pass Fail Unc. Inv. Pass Fail Unc. Inv.
2 Abstract Roles1       1       3       1               1      
3 Abstract Roles1       1       3       1               1      
4 Abstract Roles2       1       3       1               1      
5 Abstract Roles1 1     2       3   1   1                      
6 Abstract Roles1 1 1   1       3       1                      
8 Abstract Roles  1 1   1       3       1                      
9 Abstract Roles  1 1   1       3       1                      
10 Abstract Roles  1 1   1       3       1                      
11 Abstract Roles  1 1   1       3       1                      
12 Abstract Roles  1 1   1       3       1                      
1 Abstract Roles2       1       2   1   1               1      
7 Abstract Roles  1 1   1       3       1                      
73 Abstract Roles1       2       1       1                      
894 Abstract Roles1       1                                      
895 Abstract Roles1       1               1         1            
896 Abstract Roles1       1               1         1            
897 Abstract Roles1       1               1         1            
898 Abstract Roles1       1               1         1            
899 Abstract Roles1       1               1         1            
13 Concrete Roles2       1       1 1 1   1               1      
15 Concrete Roles2       1         3     1                      
16 Concrete Roles2       1         3     1                      
17 Concrete Roles2       1       1       1                      
18 Concrete Roles2       1       1       1                      
21 Concrete Roles2       1           1   1                      
25 Concrete Roles2       1         1     1                      
27 Concrete Roles2       1         1     1                      
39 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
40 Concrete Roles1       1         1     1                      
41 Concrete Roles1       1         1     1                      
42 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
43 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
44 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
45 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
46 Concrete Roles1   1   1       1       1                      
47 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
48 Concrete Roles1 1     1       1       1                      
49 Concrete Roles1       1       1             1                
50 Concrete Roles1 1     1   1   1       1                      
51 Concrete Roles1       1         1     1                      
52 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
53 Concrete Roles1       1           1   1                      
54 Concrete Roles  2     1       1       1                      
55 Concrete Roles1       1         1     1                      
56 Concrete Roles1         3     1       1                      
58 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
59 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
60 Concrete Roles1       1         1     1                      
61 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
62 Concrete Roles1       1           1   1                      
63 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
64 Concrete Roles1       1           1   1                      
65 Concrete Roles1       1           1   1                      
66 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
67 Concrete Roles1       1           1   1                      
68 Concrete Roles1         2     1       1                      
69 Concrete Roles1       2       1       1                      
70 Concrete Roles1       2       1       1                      
71 Concrete Roles1       2       1       1                      
72 Concrete Roles2       1   1 1   1   1 1                      
14 Concrete Roles2       1         2 1   1                      
19 Concrete Roles2       1       1       1                      
20 Concrete Roles2       1       1             1                
22 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
23 Concrete Roles2       1       1       1                      
24 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
26 Concrete Roles2       1       1       1                      
28 Concrete Roles1 1     1 1     1       1                      
29 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
30 Concrete Roles1       1         1     1                      
31 Concrete Roles1       1         1     1                      
32 Concrete Roles1       1           1   1                      
33 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
34 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
35 Concrete Roles2       2 1     1   1   1                      
36 Concrete Roles1       1       1       1                      
37 Concrete Roles1       1           1   1                      
38 Concrete Roles2 1     1 2     2 2     3                      
57 Concrete Roles2       1     1 1   1 1       2                
770 Concrete Roles1                 1     1                      
771 Concrete Roles1                 1     1                      
74 Global States and Properties1       1       2         2             1      
75 Global States and Properties1       1       2       1 1                    
76 Global States and Properties1               2       2                      
77 Global States and Properties1               1       1                      
78 Global States and Properties1       1         2       7               1    
79 Global States and Properties1       1         2       7               1    
80 Global States and Properties1                 1     1               1      
81 Global States and Properties1       1         1     1               1      
82 Global States and Properties1             1 1       1                      
83 Global States and Properties1       1       1       1                      
84 Global States and Properties1               1       1                      
85 Global States and Properties1               1       1                      
86 Global States and Properties1                 1     1                      
87 Global States and Properties1               1       1                      
88 Global States and Properties1               1       1                      
89 Global States and Properties1               1       1                      
90 Global States and Properties1                 1     1                      
91 Global States and Properties1                 1     1                      
92 Global States and Properties1               1       1                      
93 Global States and Properties1               1       1                      
94 Global States and Properties1               1 1     1                      
95 Global States and Properties1       1       2   1         1                
96 Global States and Properties1               1       1                      
97 Global States and Properties1                 1   1 1                      
98 Global States and Properties1               1                              
99 Global States and Properties1       1       1                              
100 Global States and Properties1       1       1 1       6                    
101 Global States and Properties1               1                              
102 Global States and Properties1               1 2       6                    
103 Global States and Properties1               1       1                      
104 Global States and Properties1               1 1                            
105 Global States and Properties1               1 1                            
106 Global States and Properties1               2                              
107 Global States and Properties1               2       1                      
108 Global States and Properties1               2       1                      
109 Global States and Properties1               1                              
110 Global States and Properties1               1                              
111 Global States and Properties1               1         1                    
112 Global States and Properties1               1         1                    
113 Global States and Properties1               1         1                    
114 Global States and Properties1               1         1                    
115 Global States and Properties1               1         1                    
732 Global States and Properties1                       1                      
116 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1         1             1      
117 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1         1             1      
118 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1       1                      
119 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1       1                      
120 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
121 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
122 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
123 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
124 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
125 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
126 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
127 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
128 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
129 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
130 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
131 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
132 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
133 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
134 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
135 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
136 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
137 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
138 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
139 Global States and Properties on element with no role1                 2     1                      
140 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
141 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
142 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1 2       6                    
143 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
144 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1 2       6                    
145 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
146 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
147 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
148 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               2       1                      
149 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               2       1                      
150 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               2       1                      
151 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
152 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               1                              
153 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               2       1                      
154 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               2       1                      
155 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               2       1                      
156 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               2       1                      
157 Global States and Properties on element with no role1               2       1                      
158 Supported states and properties1               1                              
159 Supported states and properties1               1                              
160 Supported states and properties1               1                              
161 Supported states and properties1               1                              
162 Supported states and properties1               1                              
163 Supported states and properties1 2     1       1 2           1                
164 Supported states and properties1               1                              
165 Supported states and properties1       1       1       1                      
166 Supported states and properties1       1       1       1                      
167 Supported states and properties1       1       1       1                      
168 Supported states and properties1       1         2       4                    
169 Supported states and properties1               1                              
170 Supported states and properties1               1                              
171 Supported states and properties1               1                              
172 Supported states and properties1               1       1                      
173 Supported states and properties1               1                              
174 Supported states and properties1               1                              
175 Supported states and properties1               1                              
176 Supported states and properties1               1                              
177 Supported states and properties1               1                              
178 Supported states and properties1 1             1 1     1 1                    
179 Supported states and properties1               1                              
180 Supported states and properties1               1                              
181 Supported states and properties1               1                              
182 Supported states and properties1               1                              
183 Supported states and properties1                 1   1 1                      
184 Supported states and properties1               1                              
185 Supported states and properties1       1       1 2       4                    
186 Supported states and properties1                 1 1   1                      
187 Supported states and properties1               1 1     1                      
188 Supported states and properties1               1 1     1                      
189 Supported states and properties  2             1 1     1 2                    
190 Supported states and properties1       1       1     1   4                    
191 Supported states and properties1               2       1 1                    
192 Supported states and properties1               1                              
193 Supported states and properties1               1                              
194 Supported states and properties1               2       1 1                    
195 Supported states and properties1               1                              
196 Supported states and properties1               1                              
197 Supported states and properties1               1                              
198 Supported states and properties1               1                              
199 Supported states and properties1       1       2 2       5                    
200 Supported states and properties1               1 1     1 1                    
201 Supported states and properties1                 1 1   1 1                    
202 Supported states and properties1               1                              
203 Supported states and properties1               1                              
204 Supported states and properties1               1                              
205 Supported states and properties1               1                              
206 Supported states and properties1                 2     1 1                    
207 Supported states and properties1               2         1                    
208 Supported states and properties1               1     1 1 1                    
209 Supported states and properties  2             2 1     1 1                    
210 Supported states and properties1                 2     1 1                    
211 Supported states and properties1               1                              
212 Supported states and properties1               1                              
213 Supported states and properties1               1 1     1 2                    
214 Supported states and properties1               1                              
215 Supported states and properties1               1                              
216 Supported states and properties  3             2       1 1                    
217 Supported states and properties1               1                              
218 Supported states and properties1               1                              
219 Supported states and properties1               1                              
220 Supported states and properties1               1                              
221 Supported states and properties1               1                              
222 Supported states and properties1               1                              
223 Supported states and properties1               1                              
224 Supported states and properties1               1                              
225 Supported states and properties1               1                              
226 Supported states and properties1               1                              
227 Supported states and properties1               1                              
228 Supported states and properties1               1 1       3                    
229 Supported states and properties1               1                              
230 Supported states and properties1               1 2     1 1                    
231 Supported states and properties1               1                              
232 Supported states and properties  1             1     1 1                      
233 Supported states and properties  2             2       1 2                    
234 Supported states and properties1               2     1 1 2   1                
235 Supported states and properties1               1                              
236 Supported states and properties1               1                              
237 Supported states and properties1               1                              
238 Supported states and properties1 1     1       1     1 1                      
239 Supported states and properties1               1                              
240 Supported states and properties1                     1 1                      
241 Supported states and properties1               1       1                      
242 Supported states and properties1               1       1                      
243 Supported states and properties1               1       1                      
244 Supported states and properties1                     1 1                      
245 Supported states and properties1               1       1                      
246 Supported states and properties1                     1 1                      
247 Supported states and properties1               1         1                    
248 Supported states and properties1                     1 1                      
846 Supported states and properties1 1             1   1                          
847 Supported states and properties1 1             1                              
848 Supported states and properties  2             1               1              
249 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
250 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
251 Inherited states and properties1               1       1 1                    
252 Inherited states and properties1                       1                      
253 Inherited states and properties1                       1                      
254 Inherited states and properties1               1 1       2                    
255 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
256 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
257 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
258 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
259 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
260 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
261 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
262 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
263 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
264 Inherited states and properties1               1         2                    
265 Inherited states and properties1               1         1                    
266 Inherited states and properties1               1         1                    
267 Inherited states and properties1       1       1 2       2                    
268 Inherited states and properties1               1 1       2                    
269 Inherited states and properties1               1         1                    
270 Inherited states and properties1               1         1                    
271 Inherited states and properties1               1         1                    
272 Inherited states and properties1               1         1                    
273 Inherited states and properties  2     1       1         2                    
274 Inherited states and properties1       1         2 1     1                    
278 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
279 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
280 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
281 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
282 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
283 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
284 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
285 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
286 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
287 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
288 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
289 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
290 Inherited states and properties1                     1 1                      
291 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
292 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
293 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
294 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
295 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
296 Inherited states and properties1       1         2 1     2                    
315 Inherited states and properties1       1         3       1                    
334 Inherited states and properties1       1         2   1   1                    
338 Inherited states and properties1       1         2       1                    
342 Inherited states and properties1       1         2       1                    
343 Inherited states and properties1       1         2       1                    
344 Inherited states and properties  3       1     1 2     1 2                    
345 Inherited states and properties1         2       2     1 2                    
346 Inherited states and properties1       1         2       1                    
347 Inherited states and properties1 1             1 1     1                      
348 Inherited states and properties1               1 1     1                      
350 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
357 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
358 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
359 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
360 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
361 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
362 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
363 Inherited states and properties1 1               1     1                      
364 Inherited states and properties1                 2     1                      
365 Inherited states and properties1                 2     1                      
366 Inherited states and properties1 1               1 1   2         1            
367 Inherited states and properties1                   1   1                      
369 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
370 Inherited states and properties1       1         2       1                    
377 Inherited states and properties1       1         3       1                    
381 Inherited states and properties1       1         1         1                  
388 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1 1                    
389 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1 1                    
390 Inherited states and properties1                     1 1 1                    
391 Inherited states and properties1                     1 1 1                    
392 Inherited states and properties1                   1   1 1                    
393 Inherited states and properties1                   1   1 1                    
394 Inherited states and properties1 1                 1   1 1                    
398 Inherited states and properties1               1         1                    
399 Inherited states and properties1               1         1                    
400 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
401 Inherited states and properties1               1         2                    
402 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
403 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
404 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
405 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
406 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
407 Inherited states and properties1               1         1                    
408 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
409 Inherited states and properties1               1         1                    
410 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
411 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
412 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
413 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
414 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
415 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
416 Inherited states and properties1       1         1       2                    
418 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
419 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
420 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
421 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
423 Inherited states and properties1                 1     1                      
424 Inherited states and properties1                 2     1                      
425 Inherited states and properties1               1       1 1                    
427 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
428 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
430 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
431 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
434 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
435 Inherited states and properties                1       1                      
441 Inherited states and properties1       1         1     1                      
442 Inherited states and properties  2     1               1                      
443 Inherited states and properties1       1               1                      
444 Inherited states and properties1       1               1                      
445 Inherited states and properties1         1         1   1 1                    
446 Inherited states and properties1       1         1 1     1                    
447 Inherited states and properties1       1               1                      
448 Inherited states and properties1               1       1                      
449 Inherited states and properties1       1       1                              
450 Inherited states and properties1 1     1       1                              
451 Inherited states and properties1       1           1   2                      
455 Inherited states and properties1       1           1   1 1                    
456 Inherited states and properties1       1         1     1 1                    
457 Inherited states and properties        1               1                      
458 Inherited states and properties        1               1                      
459 Inherited states and properties1       1           1   1                      
460 Inherited states and properties1       1               1                      
461 Required states and properties1                       1                      
462 Required states and properties1                       1                      
464 Required states and properties  2       1     1       1                      
468 Required states and properties1       1         1       1                    
469 Required states and properties1       1         1       1                    
470 Required states and properties1       1               1                      
471 Required states and properties1       1               1                      
480 Required states and properties1         1             1                      
845 Required states and properties1               1                              
483 Inherited required states and properties1               1         1                    
484 Inherited required states and properties1         1             1                      
492 Inherited required states and properties1         1       2       1     1              
493  1       2       1                              
494  1       1 3       2   1   4                    
495  1       1 3       2   1   3                    
496  1         1   1   1     1                      
497  1       1 3       3       2                    
498  1       1 3       3       3                    
499  1       1 3       3       1                    
500  1       1 3       3       1                    
501  1       1 3       3       1                    
502  1       1 3       3       2                    
503  1       1 3           1 1                      
504  1       1 3 1     4       2                    
505  1       1 3     1 2       2                    
506  1       1 3       3       2                    
507  1       1 3       3       2                    
508  1       1 3       2   1   1                    
509  1         3   1   4     1 2                    
510  1       1       1   1   1                      
511  1 1     1       1   1 1       1                
512  1 1       2     1 1 1     1                    
513  1 1       1     1   2                          
514  1 2       1     1   2                          
515  1 2       1     1   1                          
516  1 2       1     1   1                          
517  1 2       1     1   1                          
518  1 2       1     1   1                          
519  1 2         1   1   1                          
520  1 2       1     1   1                          
521  1 2       1     1 1 1                          
522  1 2       1     1   1                          
523  1 2       1     1   1 1                        
524  1 2       1       2 1   1                      
525  1 1       1     1   1                          
526    2     1       1                              
527  1 1       1     1   1                          
528  1       1       1                              
529  1           1   1 2 1     1                    
530  1 2       2     1     1 1                      
531  1       1       1                              
532  1               1 1 1                          
533  1               1 1 1                          
596  1       1       1 1                            
597  1       1       1 1                            
598  1       1         4       1     1              
599  1       1         3       1     1              
601  1               1                              
602  1               1 1                            
603  1       1       1                              
604  1               1                              
605  1               1                              
606  1       1         1   1   1       1            
607  1               1                              
608  1       1       1                              
536  1       1       1       1                      
537  1       1       1                              
538  1       1               1                      
539  1       1       1                              
540  1       1         2     1                      
541  1       1       1                              
542  1       1       1                              
543  1       1       1                              
544  1       1               1                      
545  1       1       1                              
546  1       1       1                              
547  1       1         1     1                      
549  1 2       1       3     1         1            
550  1 2       1       1     1         1            
551  1       1       1                              
552  1 1     1         1     1                      
553  1       1         1     1                      
609  1               1                              
610  1       1         2       1   1   1            
611  1               1                              
612  1               1                              
613  1               1                              
614  1               1                              
615  1               1                              
616  1               1                              
617  1 1     1 1       2       1       1            
618  1 1               1     1                      
619  1 1               1     1                      
620  1 1     1         2       1       1            
621  1 1               1     1                      
622  1       1   1     1       2       1            
623  1           1     1     1                      
624  1                 1     1                      
625  1       1         2       2       1            
626  1                 1     1                      
632  1 1     1         2       1   1   1            
633  1 1     1         2     1     1   1            
634  1 1     1         2     1     1   1            
635  1 1     1         1       1   1   1            
637  1 1     1         2       1   1   1            
638  1 1         1     1     1     1   1            
639  1 1     1         1     1     1   1            
640  1 1     1         1       1   1   1            
641  1 1     1         1     1     1   1            
642  1 1     1         1       1   1   1            
643  1 1               1     1     1   1            
644  1 1               1     1     1   1            
645  1 1     1         1       1   1   1            
646  1 1               1     1     1   1            
647  1               1         1                    
648  1               1       1 1                    
649  1               1       1 1                    
650  1               1       1 1                    
651  1               1       1 1                    
652    2             1       1                      
659  1 1       1       1     1                      
660  1 1               1     1                      
661  1 1     1         2       1       1            
662  1 1     1         1       1       1            
721  1               1                              
723  1               1                              
724  1               1                              
725  1               1                              
726  1               1                              
727  1                 1     1                      
728  1       1         2       1       1            
729  1       1         1       1       1            
730  1                 1     1                      
731  1                 1     1                      
733  1                 1     1                      
734  1         2       1     1 3       1            
735  1         2       1     1 3       1            
736  1                 1     1                      
737  1                 1     1                      
738  1       1         1       1       1            
739  1       1         1       1       1            
740  1       1         1       1       1            
741  1       1         1       1       1            
742  1       1         1       1       1            
743  1                 1     1                      
744  1       1         1       1       1            
745  1       1         1       1       1            
746  1                 1     1                      
747  1                 1     1                      
748  1               1                              
749  1               1                              
750  1               1                              
751  1               1                              
752  1               1                              
753  1                 1     1                      
754  1       1         2       1       1            
755  1       1         1       1       1            
756  1                 1     1                      
757  1                 1     1                      
758  1                 1     1                      
759  1       1         1       1       1            
760  1       1         1       1       1            
761  1                 1     1                      
762  1                 1     1                      
556  1       1       1       1               1      
557  1       1       1       1                      
558  1       1         2     1 1                    
559  1       1       1       1                      
560  1       1         1     2                      
562  1       1         1     1         1            
563  1       1         2       1       1            
564  1       1         1       1       1            
565  1       1         1       1       1            
566  1       1         1       1       1            
664  1               1                              
665  1               1                              
666  1                   1   1                      
673  1               1                              
674  1               1                              
677  1               1                              
679  1               1                              
680  1               1                              
681  1               1                              
682  1               1                              
683  1               1                              
684  1               1                              
685  1               1                              
686  1               1                              
687  1               1                              
688  1               1                              
689  1               1                              
690  1               1                              
691  1               1                              
692  1               1                              
693  1               1                              
694  1               1                              
695  1       1         2                            
696  1               1                              
697  1               1                              
698  1               1                              
699  1               1                              
700  1               1                              
701  1               1                              
702  1               1                              
703  1               1                              
704  1               1                              
705  1               1                              
706  1               1                              
707  1               1                              
708  1               1                              
709  1               1                              
710  1               1                              
711  1               1                              
712  1               1                              
713  1               1                              
714  1               1                              
715  1               1                              
716  1               1                              
717  1       1           1                          
718  1               1                              
719  1               1                              
720  1               1                              
676 Updates to accessible name on change to Live Region1               1                              
678 Updates to accessible name on change to Live Region1               1                              
675 Updates to accessible name on change to Live Region1               1                              
667  1               1         1                    
668  1               1             1                
585    7       2     2         1   1 1              
586    7       2     1       1                      
587  1       1       1 1                            
588  1       1         1     1                      
763  1                 1     1     1                
764  1                 1     1                      
765  1                 1     1                      
766  1                     1 1                      
767  1               1         1                    
768  1               1             1                
769  1 1                 1   1                      
589  1       1       1                              
590  1       1       1                              
591  1       1       1                              
592  1       1       1                              
593  1       1       1                              
852  1               1                              
853  1               1                              
854  1               1                              
855  1 1             1         1                    
856  1               1                              
857  1               1                              
858  1               1                              
669                      1   1               1      
850  1               1                              
851  1                 1     1                      
859 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
860 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
861 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
862 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
863 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
864 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
865 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
866 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
867 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
868 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
869 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
870 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
871 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
872 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
873 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
874 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
875 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
876 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
877 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
878 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
879 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
880 AAPI-initiated changes1               1                              
881 AAPI-initiated changes1               1       1                      
882 AAPI-initiated changes1               1       1                      
883 AAPI-initiated changes1               1       1                      
884 AAPI-initiated changes1               1       1                      
885 AAPI-initiated changes1               1       1                      
886 AAPI-initiated changes1               1       1                      
887 AAPI-initiated changes1               1       1                      
888 AAPI-initiated changes1               1       1                      
889 AAPI-initiated changes1               1       1                      
890 AAPI-initiated changes1               1       1                      
891 AAPI-initiated changes1               1       1                      
893 AAPI-initiated changes1               1       1                      
892 AAPI-initiated changes1               1       1                      
849 AAPI-initiated changes  2     1       1 1                            
670  1       1               1                      
671  1       1               1                      
672  1 1             1                              
772 describedby1               1                              
773 describedby1               1                              
774 describedby1       1       1                              
838 describedby1                 1     1                      

WAI-ARIA 1.0 User Agent Implementation Guide Test Results

ID Ref Firefox Internet Explorer Safari
MSAA + IAccessible2 ATK / AT-SPI MSAA + UIA Express AXAPI
Pass Fail Unc. Inv. Pass Fail Unc. Inv. Pass Fail Unc. Inv. Pass Fail Unc. Inv.
1 4 Supporting Keyboard Navigation1       1       1       1      
2 4 Supporting Keyboard Navigation1       1       1       1      
3 4 Supporting Keyboard Navigation1       1       1       1      
4 4 Supporting Keyboard Navigation1       1       1       1      
5 4 Supporting Keyboard Navigation1       1               1      
6 4 Supporting Keyboard Navigation1       1               1      
7 4 Supporting Keyboard Navigation1       1               1      
8 4 Supporting Keyboard Navigation1       1               1      
9 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1               1      
10 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1               1      
11 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1               1      
12 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1               1      
13 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1               1      
14 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1               1      
15 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1               1      
16 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1               1      
17 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1               1      
18 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1               1      
19 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1               1      
20 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1               1      
21 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1               1      
22 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1 1 1           1      
23 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1 1             1      
24 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1 1             1      
25 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1 1             1      
26 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1 1             1      
27 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1 1             1      
28 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1               1      
29 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1               1      
30 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1       1               1      
31 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex  1       2                 1 1
32 4.2 Controlling focus with tabindex1         1                 1 1
33 4.3 Controlling focus with aria-activedescendant1       1               1      
34 4.3 Controlling focus with aria-activedescendant1       1               1      
35 4.3 Controlling focus with aria-activedescendant1       1               1      
36 4.3 Controlling focus with aria-activedescendant1       1               1      
37 4.3 Controlling focus with aria-activedescendant1       1                   1  
38 4.3 Controlling focus with aria-activedescendant1       1                   1  
39 4.4 Handling focus changes from the Assistive Technology1       1               1      
40 4.4 Handling focus changes from the Assistive Technology1       1                 1    
41 4.4 Handling focus changes from the Assistive Technology1       1               1      
42 5.1.2. Including Elements in the Accessibility Tree1       1               1      
43 5.1.2. Including Elements in the Accessibility Tree1       1               1      
44 5.1.2. Including Elements in the Accessibility Tree1       1               1      
103 5.1.2. Including Elements in the Accessibility Tree1       1               1      
45 5.2. Conflicts between native markup semantics and WAI-ARIA1       1               1      
46 5.2. Conflicts between native markup semantics and WAI-ARIA1       1               1      
47 5.2. Conflicts between native markup semantics and WAI-ARIA1       1               1      
48 5.3. Exposing attributes that do not directly map to accessibility API properties1       1               1      
49 5.4. Role mapping1       1               1      
50 5.4. Role mapping1       1               1      
51 5.4. Role mapping1       1               1      
52 5.4. Role mapping1       1               1      
53 5.5. State and Property Mapping1       1               1      
54 5.6.1.1. Name Computation1       1               1      
55 5.6.1.1. Name Computation1       1               1      
56 5.6.1.1. Name Computation1       1               1      
57 5.6.1.1. Name Computation1       1               1      
58 5.6.1.1. Name Computation1       1               1      
59 5.6.1.1. Name Computation1       1               1      
60 5.6.2. Widget Values1       1               1      
61 5.6.2. Widget Values1       1               1      
62 5.6.3.2. Reverse Relations1       1                      
63 5.6.3.2. Reverse Relations1       1                      
64 5.6.3.2. Reverse Relations1       1               1      
65 5.6.3.2. Reverse Relations1       1               1      
66 5.6.3.2. Reverse Relations1       1               1      
67 5.6.3.2. Reverse Relations1       1               1      
68 5.6.4. Group Position1       1               1      
70 5.6.4. Group Position1       1               1      
72 5.8.2. Changes to document content or node visibility1       1               1      
73 5.8.2. Changes to document content or node visibility1       1               1      
74 5.8.2. Changes to document content or node visibility1       1               1      
75 5.8.2. Changes to document content or node visibility1       1               1      
76 5.8.2. Changes to document content or node visibility1       1               1      
77 5.8.2. Changes to document content or node visibility1       1               1      
78 5.8.2. Changes to document content or node visibility1       1               1      
79 5.8.2. Changes to document content or node visibility1       1               1      
80 5.8.2. Changes to document content or node visibility1       1               1      
81 5.8.2. Changes to document content or node visibility1       1               1      
82 5.8.2. Changes to document content or node visibility1       1               1      
83 5.8.2. Changes to document content or node visibility1       1               1      
84 5.8.2. Changes to document content or node visibility1       1               1      
85 5.8.3. Selection1       1               1      
86 5.8.3. Selection1       1               1      
87 5.8.3. Selection1       1               1      
89 5.8.3. Selection1       1               1      
90 5.8.3. Selection1       1               1      
91 5.8.3. Selection1       1               1      
92 5.8.3. Selection1       1               1      
94 5.8.4. Special Events for Menus1               1         1    
96 5.8.4. Special Events for Menus1                 1     1 1    
104 5.8.4. Special Events for Menus1                 2     1 1    
105 5.8.4. Special Events for Menus1               2         1    
106 5.8.4. Special Events for Menus1                 2     1 1    
107 5.8.4. Special Events for Menus1                 2     1 1    
108 5.8.4. Special Events for Menus1                 2     1 1    
97 6.1. CSS Selectors1       1               2      
98 6.1. CSS Selectors1       1               2      
99 6.1. CSS Selectors1       1               2      
100 6.2. Author Errors1       1               1      
101 6.2. Author Errors1       1               1      
102 6.2. Author Errors1       1               1      

Requirements Demonstrated Via Non-Test Mechanisms

Author Requirements

Some ARIA requirements address specific author implementation. Because these requirements relate to markup language authoring, conformance to them is considered trivial and does not require explicit testing of the ability for authors to meet the requirement. In some cases, there are user agent requirements to address situations where authors did not meet the authoring requirement (error conditions). Implementability of these in user agents are tested as normal.

Host Language Requirements

Part of the ARIA specification imposes requirements on host languages that will use the ARIA attributes. Implementation in host languages is considered trivial since it merely requires allowing use of the ARIA attributes, and is therefore not tested. Sections that allow host languages to document specific constraints on ARIA support don't require host language implementation testing, but do require testing the ability of user agents to follow the constraints expressed between two specifications. Representative samples of these constraints are tested using HTML 5 test cases, which is the only host language so far to have taken advantage of this provision of the ARIA specification.

References

[ARIA]
Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.0. J. Craig, M. Cooper, L. Pappas, R. Schwerdtfeger, L. Seeman, Editors, W3C Candidate Recommendation (work in progress), 18 January 2011. This version of WAI-ARIA is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/CR-wai-aria-20110118/. Latest version of WAI-ARIA available at http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/.
[ARIA-IMPLEMENTATION]
WAI-ARIA 1.0 User Agent Implementation Guide. J. Scheuhammer, A. Snow-Weaver, M. Cooper, A. Leventhal, Editors, W3C Candidate Recommendation (work in progress), 17 December 2013. This version of WAI-ARIA User Agent Implementation Guide is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-wai-aria-implementation-20131217/. Latest version of WAI-ARIA User Agent Implementation available at http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-implementation/.
[HTML]
HTML 4.01 Specification, I. Jacobs, A. Le Hors, D. Raggett, Editors, W3C Recommendation, 24 December 1999, http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/. Latest version of HTML 4.01 available at http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/.
[HTML5]
HTML 5, R. Berjon, T. Leithead, E. Doyle Navara, E. O'Connor, S. Pfeiffer, I. Hickson, Editors, W3C Working Draft (work in progress), 17 December 2012, http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-html5-20121217/. Latest version of HTML 5 available at http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/.

Acknowledgements

Participants active in the PFWG at the time of publication

  • Christy Blew (Invited Expert, University of Illinois)
  • David Bolter (Mozilla Foundation)
  • Michael Cooper (W3C/MIT)
  • James Craig (Apple Inc.)
  • Joanmarie Diggs (Igalia)
  • Steve Faulkner (The Paciello Group)
  • John Foliot (Invited Expert)
  • Scott González (JQuery Foundation)
  • Karl Groves (The Paciello Group)
  • Jon Gunderson (Invited Expert, University of Illinois)
  • Markus Gylling (DAISY Consortium)
  • Mona Heath (Invited Expert, University of Illinois)
  • Matthew King (IBM Corporation)
  • Dominic Mazzoni (Google, Inc.)
  • Shane McCarron (Invited Expert, Aptest)
  • Charles McCathieNevile (Yandex)
  • Mary Jo Mueller (IBM Corporation)
  • James Nurthen (Oracle Corporation)
  • Mark Sadecki (W3C)
  • Janina Sajka (Invited Expert, The Linux Foundation)
  • Joseph Scheuhammer (Invited Expert, Inclusive Design Research Centre, OCAD University)
  • Stefan Schnabel (SAP AG)
  • Richard Schwerdtfeger (IBM Corporation)
  • Lisa Seeman (Invited Expert)
  • Cynthia Shelly (Microsoft Corporation)
  • Alexander Surkov (Mozilla Foundation)
  • Andi Snow-Weaver (IBM Corporation)
  • Léonie Watson (The Paciello Group)
  • Wu Wei (W3C / RITT)
  • Gottfried Zimmermann (Invited Expert, Access Technologies Group)

Implementers

  • Mozilla Firefox
  • Apple Safari
  • Microsoft Internet Explorer
  • Google Chrome