Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) 1.0 Schema

1. Introduction (Non-Normative)

[Editor's note: this section will be synchronized with the EARL 1.0 Guide as it is being developed.]

The Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) is a format to express test results. Test results include bug reports, test suite evaluations, and conformance claims. The test subject might be a Web site, an authoring tool, a user agent or some other entity. Thus, EARL is flexible. It enables any person, entity, or organization to state test results for any thing tested against any set of criteria.

Stating test results in EARL creates a variety of opportunities. The data can be:

aggregated from different sources
exchanged between tools
used to create customized reports
combined to compare how different test subjects fared on the same test.

A companion document to this specification is intended to provide more introductory material and explanation of the use cases for EARL.

1.1. Structure of EARL Results (Non-Normative)

EARL statements contain the following information:

The context information: This can include information about who or what ran the test, the date the test was run, and other information about the test was performed.
The test subject: This may include: Web pages, tools (e.g. accessibility checkers, validators), and user agents
The result: Did the test subject pass or fail the test? How certain can we be?
Test criteria: What are we evaluating the test subject against? This could be a specification, a set of guidelines, a test from a test suite, or some other test case.

Prose examples that demonstrate the above structure:

Example 1: a person carries out a manual evaluation of a Web page against a test criteria.

Context: Mary Thompson claims on the 17th December
Test Subject: A Web page at http://www.example.org/mypage
Test Result: Passed
Test performed: Checkpoint 1.1 of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0

Example 2: an evaluation tool carries out automated evaluation of a Web page against a test criteria.

Context: The W3C Markup Validator claims as of 2004-04-14T14:00:04+1000
Test Subject: The XHTML returned from a GET request to the URI http://www.example.org/yourpage
Test Result: Failed
Test Performed: The validity of the XHTML

1.2. Document Conventions (Non-Normative)

Editorial Comments

There are many issues noted which need to be resolved in future drafts. Comments are specifically requested on any of these issues, which are marked as follows:

[Editor's note: there are some items that the working group has discussed but not reached consensus, and others that are known issues which have not yet been discussed]

Requirement Levels

The key words MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHALL, SHALL NOT, SHOULD, SHOULD NOT, RECOMMENDED, MAY, and OPTIONAL will be used in accordance with RFC 2119 [RFC2119]

Namespaces

The namespace for EARL as specified in this draft is http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#.

[Editor's note: Versioning terms during the process of developing the vocabulary is an issue the group is working on. It is possible that a new namespace will be used for a final version of the vocabulary]

Where RDF terms are used in their abbreviated form (e.g. Assertion or foaf:Person), if no namespace is provided the term is in the EARL namespace. The following prefixes are used in examples throughout this document:

earl: The EARL namespace http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman# which is described in this document
foaf: The FOAF namespace http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ which is also where the terms are described [FOAF]
dc: The Dublin Core elements namespace http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ whose terms are described in [DC]
dct: The Dublin Core terms namespace http://purl.org/dc/terms/ described at [DCT]
rdf: The RDF namespace http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# described in [RDF]
rdfs: The RDF Schema namespace http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# described in [RDFS]
owl: The OWL namespace http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl# described in [OWL]

1.3. About RDF Vocabularies (Non-Normative)

EARL is defined as an RDF vocabulary. The Resource Description Framework (RDF) [RDF] is a general-purpose language for describing information in a way that is machine-understandable.

EARL is an RDF vocabulary used to make statements about how a resource performed against a test. In common with other RDF it assumes that other vocabularies will be used as appropriate.

For more information on RDF, please refer to the following references:

RDF Primer [RDF-PRIMER]
Resource Description Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax Specification [RDF]
Why RDF model is different from the XML model [RDF-XML-DIFFS]

2. Core Vocabulary

The EARL 1.0 defines an RDF Vocabulary that consists of classes and properties. This section describes this core vocabulary as well as its usage while later sections describe extensibility of EARL 1.0; and conformance to EARL 1.0.

2.1. Assertion

An Assertion is a statement about the results of performing a test. The earl:assertion class relates the instances of an Assertor, Test Subject, Test Case, Test Mode, and Test Result for a specific assertion. It is a fundamental part of an EARL statement.

An Assertion MUST have at least the following properties:

earl:assertedBy: The Assertion must be asserted by an assertor. The assertor is a human or software, or groups of these, that determine the result.
earl:subject: The thing that is being tested against some requirement is the subject of the assertion.
earl:testcase: The requirement that is used to test a subject is the test case if the assertion.
earl:mode: The mode in which the test was performed - as an automated computer process, by a human making a subjective judgement, or otherwise.
earl:result: The result of the test - whether the subject passes or fails the test case (or there is some other result).

Example 3: instance of an assertion expressed as an RDF/XML fragment.

<earl:Assertion rdf:ID="#assertion">
  <earl:assertedBy rdf:resource="#assertor"/>
  <earl:subject rdf:resource="#subject"/>
  <earl:testcase rdf:resource="#testcase"/>   
  <earl:mode rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#manual"/> 
  <earl:result rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#pass"/> 
</earl:Assertion>

2.2. Assertor

An Assertor determines the results of a test (i.e. an assertor asserts and assertion). An earl:assertor class must be either a Person, Software, or Compound Assertor.

An Assertor MUST belong to one of the following types:

foaf:Person: The Assertor is a human being. This uses the FOAF vocabulary term foaf:Person to describe a person. There SHOULD be identifying information including a name, and a uniquely identifying property such as email address or an encrypted email address. The properties foaf:name, foaf:mbox and foaf:mbox_sha1sum are defined by FOAF [FOAF].; [Editor's note: the use of FOAF is subject to review of the stability of these terms.]; [Editor's note: the current requirements on properties to identify the tester are subject to revision.]
earl:Software: The Assertor is a Software, such as a black box testing tool of some sort or an evaluation tool.; [Editor's note: the current requirements on properties to identify a tool are subject to revision, please see section software for more information]
earl:compoundAssertor: The Assertor is a compound group of persons and/or softwares. Each group MUST have at least one primary Assertor identified by the earl:mainAssertor property, and MAY, have secondary Assertor identified by the earl:helpAssertor property, as well as an OPTIONAL description identified by the Dublin Core dc:description property.; Since the range of both these properties are earl:Assertor class, the instances can be a Person, Software, or recursively another Compound Assertor

Example 4: an Assertor person called Bob B. Bobbington.

<foaf:Person rdf:ID="bob">
  <foaf:name>Bob B. Bobbington</foaf:name>
  <foaf:mbox rdf:resource="mailto:bob@example.org"/>
  <foaf:mbox_sha1sum>1a9daad476f0158b81bc66b7b27b438b4b4c19c0</foaf:mbox_sha1sum>
</foaf:Person>

Example 5: an Assertor software called Cool Tool.

<earl:Software rdf:ID="tool">
  <dc:title xml:lang="en">Cool Tool</dc:title>
  <dc:description xml:lang="en">My favorite tool!</dc:description>
  <dc:location>http://example.org/tools/#cool</dc:location>
  <dct:hasVersion>1.0.3</dct:hasVersion>
</earl:Software>

Example 6: the Assertor from example 3 is the person from example 4 using the software from example 5.

<earl:compoundAssertor rdf:ID="assertor">
  <earl:mainAssertor rdf:resource="#bob"/>
  <earl:helpAssertor rdf:resource="#tool"/>
</earl:compoundAssertor>

2.3. Test Subject

The Test Subject is the class of things that have been tested. The earl:TestSubject class MUST have exactly one date specified by the Dublin Core dc:date property. It MAY also have any of the following properties:

dc:title: Human readable title for the subject (e.g. "Home Page")
dc:description: Human readable description of the subject (e.g. "Node page of the Web site"
dct:hasPart: Relationship to other subjects that are part of this subject
dct:isPartOf: Relationship to other subjects of which this subject is a part of

This class is intentionally generic to serve a wide variety of usages. For more specific use cases, the EARL earl:WebContent or earl:Software classes can be used in place to describe Web Content or Software that is being tested.

Example 7: Java applet that is part of a Web application

<earl:TestSubject rdf:ID="#applet">
  <dc:title xml:lang="en">Login Applet</dc:title> 
  <dc:description xml:lang="en">Java applet that is used for system login</dc:description> 
  <dc:date rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gDate">2005-06-25</dc:date> 
  <dct:isPartOf rdf:resource="http://example.org/"/> 
</earl:TestSubject>

2.4. Test Case

A Test Case is a test - usually one that can either be passed or failed. This may include many things such as validation requirements, code test cases, checkpoints from guidelines such as Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 [WCAG10], or others. These SHOULD be identified with a URI.

A Test Case may be a single test, or may be a part of a larger compound test suite. These relations MAY be described using Dublin Core's dct:hasPart or dct:isPartOf properties. Additionally, the Web location or a description for the test MAY be included by using the Dublin Core dc:location or dc:description properties.

[Editor's note: This class is included for convenience, since it allows various useful properties to be described in simple standard RDF. The working group will deprecate this class if they find an appropriate replacement from a language designed for describing test cases, something which is beyond the scope of the current specification.]

Example 8: instance of a test case that is additionally described with a title and its relationship to a test suite.

<earl:TestCase rdf:ID="html">
  <dc:title xml:lang="en">HTML Test Suite</dc:title>
  <dc:description xml:lang="en">Tests specifically for the Hyper Text Markup Language</dc:title>
  <dct:isPartOf rdf:resource="http://example.org/tests/#all"/>
  <dct:hasPart rdf:resource="http://example.org/tests/#282"/>
  <dc:location>http://example.org/tests/html/</dc:location>
</earl:TestCase>

Example 9: test cases that don't need to be described further can be shortened as follows:

<earl:testcase rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/wai-pageauth.html#tech-text-equivalent"/>

2.5. Test Mode

The Test Mode MUST be exactly one of the following pre-defined values, or subclasses of them (see section Extensibility for more explanation):

earl:manual: Where the test was performed based on a person's judgement. This includes the case where that judgement was aided through the use of a tool, although this should be additionally noted through the earl:compoundAssertor class of the Assertor.
earl:automatic: Where a computer program or similar has done an automated test and generated a result without human assistance.
earl:heuristic: This property was designed to cover assertions which are made by inference, for example based on several existing test results.; [Editor's note: this property is under discussion and may be changed]

Example 10: instance of an assertion that has been carried out in manual mode

<earl:Assertion rdf:about="http://example.org/#assertion">
  <earl:mode rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#manual"/> 
</earl:Assertion>

2.6. Test Result

The actual result of the test. This MUST have exactly one earl:validity properties to describe a Validity Level. It MAY also include a Confidence Level, using the EARL earl:confidence properties; or a description, using the Dublin Core dc:description property. The description is meant to be human-readable text or markup (for example HTML included as an XML Literal), and SHOULD include an identification for the natural language.

[Editor's note: the confidence property is still under discussion, please refer to the Confidence Level for more information]

The following example shows a result with a validity of fail and a description of the problem in English, and encoded in XHTML format:

Example 11: A test result with a validity and a description property

<earl:result rdf:parseType="Resource">
  <earl:validity rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#fail"/>
  <dc:description rdf:parseType="Literal">
    <div xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
      <p>The <code>table</code> element is not allowed to appear
        inside a <code>p</code> element</p>
    </div>
  </dc:description>
</earl:result>

2.6.1. Validity Level

Outcome of a test. The Validity Level MUST be one of the following pre-defined values, or subclasses of them (see section Extensibility for more explanation):

earl:pass: An assertor claims a test passed successfully.
earl:fail: The Test Subject did not meet the criteria defined by the Test Case.
earl:cannotTell: An Assertor can not tell for sure what the outcome of the test is. Usually this happens when an automated test requires human judgement to make a definite decision.
earl:notApplicable: The Test Case is not applicable to the given Test Subject.
earl:notTested: Test has not been carried out. This is useful for reporting as well as for other uses of progress monitoring.

2.6.2. Confidence Level

[Editor's note: there are currently three values specified as confidence values, of high, medium, and low. These are under discussion and may be removed or significantly revised since it is not yet clear how to ensure that they can be made unambigous and used interoperably]

Confidence in the result by an Assertor. This MAY be used where a tool wants to assert that it has different levels of confidence about two possible results (for example low confidence that a test has been passed, but also high confidence that it is not applicable). The values of the confidence level MUST be one of the following pre-defined values, or subclasses of them (see section Extensibility for more explanation):

earl:high: An assertor is very confident of the result
earl:medium: There may be some uncertainty in the result
earl:low: This result is not reliable for further usage

2.7. Software

A piece of software such as an authoring tool, browser, or evaluation tool. Software MUST have a title (using the Dublin Core property dc:title) and MAY have descriptions, version information, and Web location (using the Dublin Core terms dc:description, dct:hasVersion, and dc:location). Additionally, if it is used as a Test Subject then it inherits additional properties such as dc:date (REQUIRED) as well as dct:isPartOf and dct:hasPart (OPTIONAL).

[Editor's note: earl:Tool used to be a sub class of Assertor in previous versions of this Working Draft but it has been deprecated in favour of earl:Software, which may also be reused a Test Subject.]

Example 12: The software which was an Assertor in example 5 is now a Test Subject.

<earl:Software rdf:about="#tool">
  <dc:title xml:lang="en">Cool Tool</dc:title>
  <dc:date rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gDate">2005-06-25</dc:date> 
</earl:Software>

2.8. Web Content

Information on the World Wide Web. This should include enough information to identify the content actually tested, taking account of content type and language negotiation and similar factors that can change the content actually served. This class is intended to be used as a test subject but can be reused for other purposes (outside EARL) as well. The Web content class has the following properties:

dc:format: Format of the Web resource. For example "text/HTML", "image/PNG" or other mime types that are returned from the Web server.
dc:location: The URL or other types of pointers that identify an address for the resource.
earl:httpRequest: HTTP request sent by the client to the server in order to initiate a response
earl:httpResponse: HTTP response (except the actual payload of the date) sent by the server to the client

A Web Content class MAY include several request/response sequences to document the content and language negotiation that took place before the content was finally sent.

[Editor's note: the request/response properties of this class are still being refined]

Appendix A: EARL 1.0 Schema in RDF/XML

[Editor's note: need to make a schema available at the namespace URI, which includes OWL information on deprecated terms]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding='UTF-8'?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
         xmlns:earl="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#"
         xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
         xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
         xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
         xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#">

  <rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#Assertion">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">An assertion</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Parent node that contains all parts of an assertion</rdfs:comment>
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#assertedBy"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#subject"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#testcase"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#mode"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#result"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
  </rdfs:Class>

  <rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#assertedBy">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">asserted by</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#Assertion"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#Assertor"/>
  </rdf:Property>
  <rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#subject">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">subject</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#Assertion"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#TestSubject"/>
  </rdf:Property>
  <rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#testcase">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">testcase</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#Assertion"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#TestCase"/>
  </rdf:Property>
  <rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#mode">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">mode</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#Assertion"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#TestMode"/>
  </rdf:Property>
  <rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#result">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">result</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#Assertion"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#TestResult"/>
  </rdf:Property>

  <rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#Assertor">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Assertor</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Persons or evaluation tools that claim assertions</rdfs:comment>
    <owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
      <owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#singleAssertor"/>
      <owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#compoundAssertor"/>
    </owl:oneOf>
  </rdfs:Class>
	
  <rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#singleAssertor">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Single Assertor</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">One person or evaluation tool that claims assertions</rdfs:comment>
    <owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
      <owl:Thing rdf:type="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#Software"/>
      <owl:Thing rdf:type="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
          <owl:Restriction>
            <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name"/>
            <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
              </owl:minCardinality>
          </owl:Restriction>
          <owl:Restriction>
            <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/mbox"/>
            <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
              </owl:minCardinality>
          </owl:Restriction>
          <owl:Restriction>
            <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/mbox_sha1sum"/>
            <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
              </owl:minCardinality>
          </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
      </owl:Thing>
    </owl:oneOf>
  </rdfs:Class>

  <rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#compoundAssertor">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Compound Assertor</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Group of persons or evaluation tools that claim assertions</rdfs:comment>
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#mainAssertor"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#helpAssertor"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
  </rdfs:Class>

  <rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#mainAssertor">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Main Assertor</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Assertor mainly responsible for determining assertion result</rdfs:comment>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#compoundAssertor"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#Assertor"/>
  </rdf:Property>
  <rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#helpAssertor">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Help Assertor</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Assertor assisting to determine assertion result</rdfs:comment>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#compoundAssertor"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#Assertor"/>
  </rdf:Property>
	
  <rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#TestSubject">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Test Subject</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Subject of the assertion</rdfs:comment>
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1
          </owl:minCardinality>
        <owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1
          </owl:maxCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
  </rdfs:Class>

  <rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#TestCase">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Test Case</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Test case against which subjects are tested</rdfs:comment>
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasPart"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/location"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
  </rdfs:Class>

  <rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#TestMode">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Test Mode</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Mode in which tests were conducted</rdfs:comment>
    <owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
      <owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#manual">
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Manual Testing Mode</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Test was performed by a human</rdfs:comment>
      </owl:Thing>
      <owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#automatic">
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Automatic Testing Mode</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Test was performed by a tool</rdfs:comment>
      </owl:Thing>
      <owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#heuristic">
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Heuristic Testing Mode</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Result was derived from other results</rdfs:comment>
      </owl:Thing>
    </owl:oneOf>
  </rdfs:Class>

  <rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#TestResult">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Test Result</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Result from conducting test cases on subjects</rdfs:comment>
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#validity"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1
          </owl:minCardinality>
        <owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1
          </owl:maxCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#confidence"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
  </rdfs:Class>

  <rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#validity">   
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Validity Level Property</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#TestResult"/> 
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#ValidityLevel"/> 
  </rdf:Property>
  <rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#confidence">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Confidence Level Property</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#TestResult"/> 
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#ConfidenceLevel"/> 
  </rdf:Property>

  <rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#ValidityLevel">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Validity Level</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Nominal value of the result</rdfs:comment>
    <owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
      <owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#pass">
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Pass</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Test passed</rdfs:comment>
      </owl:Thing>
      <owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#fail">
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Fail</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Test failed</rdfs:comment>
      </owl:Thing>
      <owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#cannotTell">
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Can Not Tell</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Outcome of the test is uncertain</rdfs:comment>
      </owl:Thing>
      <owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#notApplicable">
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Not Applicable</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Test is not applicable to the subject</rdfs:comment>
      </owl:Thing>
      <owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#notTested">
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Not Tested</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Test has not been carried out</rdfs:comment>
      </owl:Thing>
    </owl:oneOf>
  </rdfs:Class>

  <rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#ConfidenceLevel">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Confidence Level</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Level of confidence in the given result</rdfs:comment>
    <owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
      <owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#high">
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">High Confidence</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Validity of the result is certain</rdfs:comment>
      </owl:Thing>
      <owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#medium">
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Medium Confidence</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Validity of the result is not sure</rdfs:comment>
      </owl:Thing>
      <owl:Thing rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#low">
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Low Confidence</rdfs:label>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Validity of the result is questionable</rdfs:comment>
      </owl:Thing>
    </owl:oneOf>
  </rdfs:Class>

  <rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#Software">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Software Tool</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A tool that can perform tests or be the subject of testing</rdfs:comment>
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasVersion"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/location"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
  </rdfs:Class>

  <rdfs:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#WebContent">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Web Content</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Subjects that are available on the Web</rdfs:comment>
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#httpRequest"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#httpResponse"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/location"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format"/>
        <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0
          </owl:minCardinality>
      </owl:Restriction>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
  </rdfs:Class>

  <rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#httpRequest">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">http-request</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#WebContent"/> 
  </rdf:Property>

  <rdf:Property rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#httpResponse">
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">http-response</rdfs:label>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#WebContent"/> 
  </rdf:Property>
</rdf:RDF>

Appendix B: EARL 1.0 Schema in N3 (Non-Normative)

@prefix : <http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/EARL/nmg-strawman#>.
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix xmls: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.

:Assertion a rdfs:Class;
  rdfs:label "An assertion"@en;
  rdfs:comment "Parent node that contains all parts of an assertion"@en;
  rdfs:subClassOf (
    [ owl:minCardinality "1"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty :assertedBy ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "1"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty :subject ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "1"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty :testcase ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "1"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty :mode ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "1"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty :result ]).

:assertedBy a rdf:Property;
  rdfs:label "asserted by"@en;
  rdfs:domain :Assertion;
  rdfs:range :Assertor.
:subject a rdf:Property;
  rdfs:label "subject"@en;
  rdfs:domain :Assertion;
  rdfs:range :TestSubject.
:testcase a rdf:Property;
  rdfs:label "testcase"@en;
  rdfs:domain :Assertion;
  rdfs:range :TestCase.
:mode a rdf:Property;
  rdfs:label "mode"@en;
  rdfs:domain :Assertion;
  rdfs:range :TestMode.
:result a rdf:Property;
  rdfs:label "result"@en;
  rdfs:domain :Assertion;
  rdfs:range :TestResult.

:Assertor a rdfs:Class;
  rdfs:label "Assertor"@en;
  rdfs:comment "Persons or evaluation tools that claim assertions"@en;
  owl:oneOf (
		:singleAssertor
		:compundAssertor ).

:singleAssertor a rdfs:Class;
  rdfs:label "Single Assertor"@en;
  rdfs:comment "One person or evaluation tool that claims assertions"@en;
  owl:oneOf (
    [ a :Software ]
    [ a foaf:Person;
      rdfs:subClassOf (
        [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
          owl:onProperty foaf:name ]
        [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
          owl:onProperty foaf:mbox ]
        [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
          owl:onProperty foaf:mbox_sha1sum ])]).

:compoundAssertor a rdfs:Class;
  rdfs:label "Compound Assertor"@en;
  rdfs:comment "Group of persons or evaluation tools that claim assertions"@en;
  rdfs:subClassOf (
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dc:title ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dc:description ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "1"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty earl:mainAssertor ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty earl:helpAssertor ]).

:mainAssertor a rdf:Property;
  rdfs:label "Main Assertor"@en;
  rdfs:comment "Assertor mainly responsible for determining assertion result"@en;
  rdfs:domain :compoundAssertor;
  rdfs:range :Assertor .
:helpAssertor a rdf:Property;
  rdfs:label "Help Assertor"@en;
  rdfs:comment "Assertor assisting to determine assertion result"@en;
  rdfs:domain :compoundAssertor;
  rdfs:range :Assertor .

:TestSubject a rdfs:Class;
  rdfs:label "Test Subject"@en;
  rdfs:comment "Subject of the assertion"@en;
  rdfs:subClassOf (
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dct:hasPart ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dct:hasPart ]
    [ owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:minCardinality "1"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dc:date ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dc:title ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dc:description ]).

:TestCase a rdfs:Class;
  rdfs:label "Test Case"@en;
  rdfs:comment "Test case against which subjects are tested"@en;
  rdfs:subClassOf (
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dct:hasPart ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dct:hasPart ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dc:title ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dc:description ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dc:location ]).

:TestMode a rdfs:Class;
  rdfs:label "Test Mode"@en;
  rdfs:comment "Mode in which tests were conducted"@en;
  owl:oneOf (
    :manual
    :automatic
    :heuristic ).

:manual rdfs:comment "Test was performed by a human"@en;
  rdfs:label "Manual Testing Mode"@en.
:automatic rdfs:comment "Test was performed by a tool"@en;
  rdfs:label "Automatic Testing Mode"@en.
:heuristic rdfs:comment "Result was derived from other results"@en;
  rdfs:label "Heuristic Testing Mode"@en.

:TestResult a rdfs:Class;
  rdfs:label "Test Result"@en;
  rdfs:comment "Result from conducting test cases on subjects"@en;
  rdfs:subClassOf (
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dc:description ]
    [ owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:minCardinality "1"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty :validity ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty :confidence ]).

:validity a rdf:Property;
  rdfs:label "Validity Level Property"@en;
  rdfs:domain :TestResult;
  rdfs:range :ValidityLevel.
:confidence a rdf:Property;
  rdfs:label "Confidence Level Property"@en;
  rdfs:domain :TestResult;
  rdfs:range :ConfidenceLevel.

:ValidityLevel a rdfs:Class;
  rdfs:label "Validity Level"@en;
  rdfs:comment "Nominal value of the result"@en;
  owl:oneOf (
    :pass
    :fail
    :cannotTell
    :notApplicable
    :notTested ).

:pass rdfs:comment "Test passed"@en;
  rdfs:label "Pass"@en.
:fail rdfs:comment "Test failed"@en;
  rdfs:label "Fail"@en.
:cannotTell rdfs:comment "Outcome of the test is uncertain"@en;
  rdfs:label "Can Not Tell"@en.
:notApplicable rdfs:comment "Test is not applicable to the subject"@en;
  rdfs:label "Not Applicable"@en.
:notTested rdfs:comment "Test has not been carried out"@en;
  rdfs:label "Not Tested"@en.

:ConfidenceLevel a rdfs:Class;
  rdfs:label "Confidence Level"@en;
  rdfs:comment "Level of confidence in the given result"@en;
  owl:oneOf (
    :high
    :medium
    :low ).

:low rdfs:comment "Validity of the result is questionable"@en;
  rdfs:label "Low Confidence"@en.
:medium rdfs:comment "Validity of the result is not sure"@en;
  rdfs:label "Medium Confidence"@en.
:high rdfs:comment "Validity of the result is certain"@en;
  rdfs:label "High Confidence"@en.

:Software a rdfs:Class;
  rdfs:label "Software Tool"@en;
  rdfs:comment "A tool that can perform tests or be the subject of testing"@en;
  rdfs:subClassOf (
    [ owl:minCardinality "1"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dc:title ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dct:hasVersion ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dc:description ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dc:location ]).

:WebContent a rdfs:Class;
  rdfs:label "Web Content"@en;
  rdfs:comment "Subjects that are available on the Web"@en;
  rdfs:subClassOf (
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty :httpRequest ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty :httpResponse ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dc:location ]
    [ owl:minCardinality "0"^^xmls:nonNegativeInteger;
      owl:onProperty dc:format ]).

:httpRequest a rdf:Property;
  rdfs:label "http-request"@en.
  rdfs:domain :WebContent;
:httpResponse a rdf:Property;
  rdfs:label "http-response"@en.
  rdfs:domain :WebContent;

Classes in the EARL namespace
Name	Label	Required properties	Allowable types	Optional properties
earl:Assertion	Assertion	earl:assertedBy earl:subject earl:testcase earl:mode earl:result
earl:Assertor	Assertor		earl:singleAssertor earl:compoundAssertor
earl:singleAssertor	Single Assertor		earl:Software foaf:Person
earl:compoundAssertor	Compound Assertor	earl:mainAssertor		earl:helpAssertor
earl:TestSubject	Test Subject	dc:date	earl:WebContent earl:Software	dct:hasPart dct:isPartOf dc:title dc:description
earl:TestCase	Test case			dct:hasPart dct:isPartOf dc:title dc:description dc:location
earl:TestMode	Test mode		earl:manual earl:automatic earl:heuristic
earl:TestResult	Test Result	earl:validity		earl:confidence dc:description
earl:ValidityLevel	Validity Level		earl:pass earl:fail earl:cannotTell earl:notApplicable earl:notTested
earl:ConfidenceLevel	Confidence Level		earl:high earl:medium earl:low
earl:Software	Software tool	dc:title		dct:hasVersion dc:description dc:location
earl:WebContent	Web Content			earl:httpRequest earl:httpResponse dc:location dc:format

Properties in the EARL namespace
Name	Label	Domain	Range
earl:assertedBy	asserted by	earl:Assertion	earl:Assertor
earl:subject	subject	earl:Assertion	earl:TestSubject
earl:testcase	test case	earl:Assertion	earl:TestCase
earl:result	result	earl:Assertion	earl:TestResult
earl:mode	mode	earl:Assertion	earl:TestMode
earl:mainAssertor	Main Assertor	earl:compoundAssertor	earl:Assertor
earl:helpAssertor	Help Assertor	earl:compoundAssertor	earl:Assertor
earl:validity	validity	earl:TestResult	earl:ValidityLevel
earl:confidence	confidence	earl:TestResult	earl:ConfidenceLevel
earl:httpResponse	HTTP response information	earl:WebContent	unspecified
earl:httpRequest	HTTP request information	earl:WebContent	unspecified

Values in the EARL namespace
Name	Label	Used In
earl:manual	Manual	earl:TestMode
earl:automatic	Automatic	earl:TestMode
earl:heuristic	Heuristic	earl:TestMode
earl:pass	Pass	earl:ValidityLevel
earl:fail	Fail	earl:ValidityLevel
earl:notTested	Not tested	earl:ValidityLevel
earl:cannotTell	Cannot tell	earl:ValidityLevel
earl:notApplicable	Not Applicable	earl:ValidityLevel
earl:high	High Confidence	earl:ConfidenceLevel
earl:medium	Medium Confidence	earl:ConfidenceLevel
earl:low	Low confidence	earl:ConfidenceLevel

Appendix D: Document Changes (Non-Normative)

This section records current changes and future plans for changes as the working draft matures to Recommendation level.

Differences between this draft and the EARL 1.0 draft of 12 December 2002

Document split into a specification (this document) and a companion document. Most content stripped out of specification document, and new issues under discussion noted.
Schema presented without the use of XML entities
Typographical errors in schema fixed, so it validates
Re-ordering of the Schema and document. Instead of being organised as a list of classes, then properties, then instance classes, the document and the schema are both organised around the key classes as the framework for defining their use.
Redundant (rdf:Resource) and incorrect (rdfs:Resource) sub-class declarations removed
Schema labels given xml:lang attributes as appropriate
Labels converted to grammatical english (from camelCaseAlmostWords)
Schema encoded in default UTF-8

New terms

New terms have been introduced to the vocabulary, sometimes as replacements for deprecated terms that existed in EARLier drafts, sometime to introduce new funtionality

Software: This class replaces the deprecated Tool. It can be used to decribe a assertor tools or test subjects.
singleAssertor, compoundAssertor: These classes are derivatives of an Assertor to help describe complex groups of person and/or tool evaluators.
mainAssertor, helpAssertor: These properties of a compound assertor can be used to describe the specific roles of evaluators within a group.
httpRequest, httpResponse: These are placeholder properties for describing WebContent (or a "Delivery Unit" on the Web).

Deprecated terms

A number of terms have been deprecated, either in favour of terms from existing widely-used vocabularies, or because their use is somehow problematic. While this deprecation is provisional, no RDF has been published formally noting them as deprecated (for example through OWL). A quick guide to terms that have been provisionally deprecated:

reprOf: This term was deprecated in favour of a more comprehensive approach to describing Web content.
UserAgent, Tool: These terms were deprecated in favour of the more generic Software class.
platform: This term was deprecated as it did not seem to be widely accepted and implemented.
message, format: These terms were deprecated in favour of the Dublin Core terms dc:description and dc:format.
Person, name, email, contactInfo: These terms were deprecated in favour of equivalent terms from the FOAF vocabulary.

Working group change plans

The working group is considering several open issues which would lead to extending the current vocabulary before it reaches recommendation.

As well as issues noted in the draft, the following issues are under active consideration:

Evidence

A mechanism to provide further evidence used to make a claim. This could be a copy of the web content analysed for a particular test, or a rule describing how may tests are required to pass some compound test, and pointers to the individual results that together satisfy the rule.

Location

Within Web content, for the use case of testing accessibility, it is very valuable to point to the location(s) that cause the test to pass or fail. This is also true of software interfaces and various other kinds of subject. The working group has agreed in principle to include a mechanism for recording this information in an EARL report, but has not yet developed or found the necessary terms.

HTTP transaction information

There are currently placeholder properties httpRequest and httpResponse for HTTP transaction information. The group expects to develop these further, either themselves or with an existing vocabulary.

Confidence

This is under review by the working group. It is not clear how the currently defined model can be used interoperably, and whether there is an alternative approach that would allow for a more interoperable statement of confidence in some results.

Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) 1.0 Schema

Appendices