- abbreviation
shortened form of a word, phrase, or name [begin add]where the original expansion has not been rejected by the organization that it refers to and where the abbreviation has not become part of the language[end add]
Note: This includes initialisms and acronyms where:
initialisms are shortened forms of a name or phrase made from the initial letters of words or syllables contained in that name or phrase
Note 1:
Not defined in all languages.
Example 1:
SNCF is a French initialism that contains the initial letters of the Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer, the French national railroad.
Example 2:
ESP is an initialism for extrasensory perception.
acronyms
are abbreviated forms made from the initial letters or parts of other words (in a name or phrase) which may be pronounced as a word
Example: NOAA is an acronym made from the initial letters of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the United States.
- accessibility supported
supported by users' assistive technologies as well as the accessibility features in browsers and other user agents
[begin add] To qualify as an accessibility-supported Web content technology (or feature of a technology), both of the following must be true for a Web content technology (or feature):
[2174]
[end add] [begin add]
The Web content technology must be supported by users' assistive technology (AT). This means that the technology has been tested for interoperability with users' assistive technology in the human language(s) of the content,
AND
The Web content technology must have accessibility-supported user agents that are available to users. This means that at least one of the following is true:
The technology is supported natively in widely-distributed user agents that are also accessibility supported (such as HTML and CSS);
OR
The technology is supported in a widely-distributed plug-in that is also accessibility supported;
OR
The content is available in a closed environment, such as a university or corporate network, where the user agent required by the technology and used by the organization is also accessibility supported;
OR
The user agent(s) that support the technology are accessibility supported and are available for download or purchase in a way that:
does not cost a person with a disability any more than a person without a disability and
is as easy to find and obtain for a person with a disability as it is for a person without disabilities.
[end add] Note 3:
When a Web Technology is "accessibility supported," it does not imply that the entire technology must be supported. Most technologies lack support for at least one feature. When documenting "accessibility support" for a technology, the support for specific aspects, features, and extensions should be cited if the technology as a whole is not accessibility supported. A profile of a technology may be used to give a name to the set of aspects, features, or extensions of a technology that are "accessibility supported." [begin add]Pages conform to WCAG only if aspects or features of the technology that are accessibility supported can be relied upon to meet WCAG requirements.
[2174]
[end add]
[begin add] Note 4:
When citing Web content technologies that have multiple versions, the version(s) supported should be specified.
[end add] [begin add] Note 5:
The easiest way to be sure that the Web content technologies and features being used and relied upon are accessibility supported is to use technologies from documented lists of accessibility supported Web content technologies. (See Understanding Documented lists of Web technologies with Accessibility Support.)
[2273]
Some authors, companies or others may wish to document and use their own lists of accessibility-supported Web content technologies. However, all technologies on the list must meet the definition of accessibility supported Web content technologies above.
[2219]
[end add] - activity where [begin add]moving, blinking, scrolling, or auto-updating[end add]
[begin delete]timing[end delete] is essential
activity where [begin add]moving, blinking, scrolling, or auto-updating[end add]
[begin delete]timing[end delete] is [begin add]central to[end add]
[begin delete]part of[end delete] the design of the activity and removal [begin delete]of the time dependency [end delete]would [begin add]fundamentally [end add]change the functionality of the content
- ambiguous to users in general
the purpose cannot be determined from the link and all information of the Web page presented to the user simultaneously with the link (i.e. readers without disabilities would not know what a link would do until they activated it)
Example: The word guava in the following sentence "One of the notable exports is guava" is a link. The link could lead to a definition of guava, a chart listing the quantity of guava exported or a photograph of people harvesting guava. Until the link is activated, all readers are unsure and the person with a disability is not at any disadvantage.
-
[begin delete]Application Programming Interface (API)[end delete]
[begin delete] definitions of how communication may take place between applications
[end delete] [begin delete] Note 1:
Implementing APIs that are independent of a particular operating environment (as are the W3C DOM Level 2 specifications) may reduce implementation costs for multi-platform user agent and promote the development of multi-platform assistive technology (as used in this document). Implementing conventional APIs for a particular operating environment may reduce implementation costs for assistive technology developers who wish to interoperate with more than one piece of software running on that operating environment.
Note 2:
A "device API" defines how communication may take place with an input or output device such as a keyboard, mouse, or video card.
Note 3:
In this document, an "input/output API" defines how applications or devices communicate with a user agent. As used in this document, input and output APIs include, but are not limited to, device APIs. Input and output APIs also include more abstract communication interfaces than those specified by device APIs. A "conventional input/output API" is one that is expected to be implemented by software running on a particular operating environment. For example, the conventional input APIs of the user agent are for the mouse and keyboard. For touch screen devices or mobile devices, conventional input APIs may include stylus, buttons, and voice. The graphical display and sound card are considered conventional output devices for a graphical desktop computer environment, and each has an associated API.
Note 4:
This definition is based on User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 Glossary.
- ASCII art
picture created by a spatial arrangement of characters or glyphs (typically from the 95 printable characters defined by ASCII).
- assistive technology (as used in this document)
[begin add] hardware and/or software that acts as a user agent, or along with a mainstream user agent, to provide [begin change]functionality[end change] to meet the requirements of users with disabilities that go beyond those offered by [begin delete]the [end delete]mainstream user agents
[2140]
[end add] [begin delete] a user agent that[begin delete] both[end delete]:
[end delete] [begin delete] provides services to meet the requirements of users with disabilities that go beyond those offered by the mainstream user agents. Such services include alternative presentations (e.g., as synthesized speech or magnified content), alternative input methods (e.g., voice), additional navigation or orientation mechanisms, and content transformations (e.g., to make tables more accessible), and
[begin change]may rely[end change]
[begin delete]usually relies[end delete] on services (such as retrieving Web content and parsing markup) provided by one or more other mainstream user agents. Assistive technologies communicate data and messages with mainstream user agents by using and monitoring APIs
[end delete] [begin add] Note 1:
[begin change]functionality[end change] provided by assistive technology includes alternative presentations (e.g., as synthesized speech or magnified content), alternative input methods (e.g., voice), additional navigation or orientation mechanisms, and content transformations (e.g., to make tables more accessible).
[2140]
[2270]
[end add] [begin add] Note 2:
Assistive technologies often communicate data and messages with mainstream user agents by using and monitoring APIs.
[2270]
[end add] [begin add] Note 3:
The distinction between mainstream user agents and assistive technologies is not absolute. Many mainstream user agents provide some features to assist individuals with disabilities. The basic difference is that mainstream user agents target broad and diverse audiences that usually include people with and without disabilities. Assistive technologies target narrowly defined populations of users with specific disabilities. The assistance provided by an assistive technology is more specific and appropriate to the needs of its target users. The mainstream user agent may provide important [begin change]functionality[end change] to assistive technologies like retrieving Web content from program objects or parsing markup into identifiable bundles.
[2171]
[end add] [begin delete] Note 4:
In this definition, user agents are user agents in the general sense of the term. That is, any software that retrieves and presents Web content for users. The mainstream user agent may provide important services to assistive technologies like retrieving Web content from program objects or parsing markup into identifiable bundles.
[end delete] [begin delete] Note 5:
Mainstream user agents may also provide services directly that meet the requirements of users with disabilities.
[end delete] [begin delete] Note 6:
This definition is based on User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 Glossary.
[end delete] Example: Examples of assistive technologies that are important in the context of this document include the following:
screen magnifiers, and other visual reading assistants, which are used by people with visual, perceptual and physical print disabilities to change text font, size, spacing, color, synchronization with speech, etc. in order to improve the visual readability of rendered text and images;
screen readers, which are used by people who are blind to read textual information through synthesized speech or braille;
text-to-speech software, which is used by some people with cognitive, language, and learning disabilities to convert text into synthetic speech;
voice recognition software, which may be used by people who have some physical disabilities;
alternative keyboards, which are used by people with certain physical disabilities to simulate the keyboard[begin add] (including alternate keyboards that use head pointers, single switches, sip/puff and other special input devices.)[end add];
alternative pointing devices, which are used by people with certain physical disabilities to simulate mouse pointing and button activations.
- audio description
narration added to the soundtrack to describe important visual details that cannot be understood from the main soundtrack alone
Note 1:
Audio description of video provides information about actions, characters, scene changes, on-screen text, and other visual content.
Note 2:
In standard audio description, narration is added during existing pauses in dialogue. (See also extended audio description.)
Note 3:
Also called "video description" and "descriptive narration."
- blink
[begin change] switch back and forth between two visual states in a way that is meant to draw attention
[2289]
[end change] [begin change] Note: See also flash (It is possible for something to be large enough and blink brightly enough at the right frequency to be also classified as a flash).
- blocks of text
more than one sentence of text
- CAPTCHA
initialism for "Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart"
Note 1:
CAPTCHA tests often involve asking the user to type in text that is displayed in an obscured image or audio file.
Note 2:
A Turing test is any system of tests designed to differentiate a human from a computer. It is named after famed computer scientist Alan Turing. The term was coined by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University. [CAPTCHA]
- captions
text presented and synchronized with synchronized media to provide not only the speech, but also non-speech information conveyed through sound, including meaningful sound effects and identification of speakers
Note 1:
In some countries, the term "subtitle" is used to refer to dialogue only and "captions" is used as the term for dialogue plus sounds and speaker identification. In other countries, subtitle (or its translation) is used to refer to both.
[begin add] Note 2:
Audio descriptions can be, but do not need to be, captioned since they are descriptions of information that is already presented visually.
[end add] - changes of context
change of:
user agent;
viewport;
focus;
content that changes the meaning of the Web page.
Note: A change of content is not always a change of context. Small changes in content, such as an expanding outline or dynamic menu, do not change the context.
[begin add] Example: Submitting a form, opening a new window, or moving focus to a different component are examples of changes of context.
[1129]
[end add] - conformance
satisfying all the requirements of a given standard, guideline or specification
- conforming alternate version
[begin change] version that
[end change] conforms at the designated level, and
provides all of the same information and functionality in the same human language, and
is as up to date as the non-conforming [begin change]content[end change], and
for which one [begin add]at least [end add]of the following is true:
the conforming version can be reached from the non-conforming page via an accessibility supported
mechanism, or
the non-conforming version can only be reached from the conforming version, or
the non-conforming version can only be reached from a conforming page that also provides a mechanism to reach the conforming version
[begin change] Note 1:
In this definition, "can only be reached" means that there is some mechanism, such as a conditional re-direct, that prevents a user from "reaching" (loading) the non-conforming page unless the user had just come from the specified page.
[end change] Note 2:
The alternate version does not need to be matched page for page with the original (e.g. the [begin change]conforming alternate version[end change] may consist of multiple pages).
Note 3:
If multiple language versions are available, then conforming [begin add]alternate [end add]versions are required for each language offered.
Note 4:
Alternate versions may be provided to accommodate different technology environments or user groups. Each version should be as conformant as possible. One version must be fully conformant in order to meet conformance requirement 1.
[begin add] Note 5:
The conforming alternative version does not need to reside within the scope of conformance as long as it is as freely available as the non-conforming version.
[end add] Note 6:
Alternate versions should not be confused with supplementary [begin add]content[end add]
, which support the original page and enhance comprehension.
Note 7:
Setting user preferences within the content to produce a conforming version is an acceptable mechanism for reaching another version as long as the method used to set the preferences is accessibility supported.
- content (Web content)
information and sensory experience to be communicated to the user by means of a user agent, [begin add]including[end add]
[begin delete]as well as[end delete] code or markup that defines the [begin add]content's[end add]
structure, presentation, and interactions[begin delete]associated with those elements [end delete]
- context-sensitive help
help text that provides information related to the function currently being performed
- contrast ratio
(L1 + 0.05) / (L2 + 0.05), where
Note 1:
Contrast ratios can range from 1 to 21 (commonly written 1:1 to 21:1).
Note 2:
For dithered colors, use the average values of the colors that are dithered (average R, average G, and average B).
Note 3:
Text can be evaluated with anti-aliasing turned off.
Note 4:
Background color is the specified color of content over which the text is to be rendered in normal usage. If no background color is specified, then white is assumed.
[begin change] Note 5:
Background color is the specified color of content over which the text is to be rendered in normal usage. It is a failure if no background color is specified when a foreground color is specified, because the user's default background color is unknown and cannot be evaluated for sufficient contrast. For the same reason, it is a failure if no foreground color is specified when a background color is specified.
[2263]
[end change] - emergency
a sudden, unexpected situation or occurrence that requires immediate action to preserve health, safety, or property
- extended audio description
audio description that is added to an audiovisual presentation by pausing the video so that there is time to add additional description
Note: This technique is only used when the sense of the video would be lost without the additional audio description.
- flash
a pair of opposing changes in relative luminance which may cause seizures in some people if it is large enough and in the right frequency range
[2289]
-
full text alternative for synchronized media including any interaction
document including correctly sequenced text descriptions of all visual settings, actions, speakers, and non-speech sounds, and transcript of all dialogue combined with a means of achieving any outcomes that are achieved using interaction (if any) during the synchronized media
Note: A screenplay used to create the synchronized media content would meet this definition only if it was corrected to accurately represent the final synchronized media after editing.
- functionality
processes and outcomes achievable through user action
- general flash and red flash thresholds
a sequence of flashes or rapidly changing image sequences where all three of the following [begin change]are true[end change]:
there are more than three [begin change]
General Flashes and / or more than three Red Flashes
[end change] within any one-second period; and
the flashing is below 50 Hz; and
the combined area of flashes occurring concurrently [begin change]
[begin delete]and contiguously[end delete] occupies more than a total of .006 steradians within any 10 degree visual field on the screen (25% of any 10 degree visual field on the screen) at typical viewing distance, where:[end change]
[begin add] A General Flash is defined as a pair of opposing changes in relative luminance of 10% or more of the maximum relative luminance where the relative luminance of the darker image is below 0.80; and where "a pair of opposing changes" is an increase followed by a decrease, or a decrease followed by an increase, and
A Red Flash is defined as any pair of opposing transitions involving a saturated red.
[end add]
[begin add]
[begin add]Exception:[end add] Flashing that is a fine, balanced, pattern such as white noise or an alternating checkerboard pattern with "squares" smaller than 0.1 degree on a side does not violate the thresholds.
[end add] [begin delete] For the general flash threshold, a flash is defined as a pair of opposing changes in relative luminance of 10% or more and the relative luminance of the darker image is below 0.80. An "opposing change" is an increase followed by a decrease, or a decrease followed by an increase.
[end delete] [begin delete] For the red flash threshold, a flash is defined as any transition to or from a saturated red.
[end delete] [begin change] Note 1:
For general software or Web content, using a 341 x 256 pixel rectangle anywhere on the displayed screen area when the content is viewed at 1024 x 768 pixels will provide a good estimate of a 10 degree visual field for standard screen sizes and viewing distances (e.g. 15-17 inch screen at 22-26 inches). (Higher resolutions displays showing the same rendering of the content yield smaller and safer images so it is lower resolutions that are used to define the thresholds.)
[end change] [begin add] Note 2:
A transition is the change in relative luminance (or relative luminance/color for red flashing) between adjacent peaks and valleys in a plot of relative luminance (or relative luminance/color for red flashing) measurement against time. A flash consists of two opposing transitions.
[end add] [begin add] Note 3:
The current working definition in the field for "pair of opposing transitions involving a saturated red" is where, for either or both states involved in each transition, R/(R+ G + B) >= 0.8, and the change in the value of (R-G-B)x320 is > 20 (negative values of (R-G-B)x320 are set to zero) for both transitions. R, G, B values range from 0-1 as specified in “relative luminance” definition. (Harding and Binnie 2002)
[end add] [begin add] Note 4:
Tools are available that will carry out analysis from video screen capture.
[end add] [begin add] Note 5:
No tool is necessary to evaluate for this condition if flashing is less than or equal to 3 flashes in any one second or greater than 50 Hz. Content automatically passes (see #1 and #2 above).
[end add] [begin add] Note 6:
50 Hz is used to coincide with the AC line frequency in Europe and other countries. However almost half of the population is susceptible to 50 Hz flashing whereas only 15 % are susceptible to 60 Hz. 75 Hz or higher is recommended where possible.
[end add] - human language
language that is spoken, written or signed ([begin change]through visual or tactile means
[2264]
[end change]) [begin delete]by humans [end delete]to communicate with [begin add]humans[end add]
[begin delete]one another[end delete]
[2139]
- idiom
phrase whose meaning cannot be deduced from the meaning of the individual words and the specific words cannot be changed without losing the meaning
[begin add] Note: idioms cannot be translated directly, word for word, without losing
their (cultural or language-dependent) meaning.
[2265]
[end add] [begin delete] Example 1:
In English, "kicking the bucket" means "dying," but the phrase cannot be changed to "kicking the buckets" or "kicking the tub" or "booting the bucket" or "knocking over the bucket" without losing its meaning.
[end delete] Example 2:
In English, "spilling the beans" means "revealing a secret." However, "knocking over the beans" or "spilling the vegetables" does not mean the same thing.
Example 3:
In Japanese, the phrase "さじを投げる
" literally translates into "he throws a spoon," but it means that there is nothing he can do and finally he gives up.
Example 4:
In Dutch, "Hij ging met de kippen op stok" literally translates into "He went to roost with the chickens," but it means that he went to bed early.
- incidental text in an image
text that is inconsequential to the meaning of the image
Example: In a photo of two men talking on a street corner, there is a sign on a store in the background.
- information that is conveyed by color differences
[begin delete] information presented in a manner that depends entirely on the ability to perceive color
[end delete] - informative
for information purposes and not required for conformance
- input error
information provided by the user that is not accepted
Note: This includes:
Information that is required by the Web page but omitted by the user
Information that is provided by the user but that falls outside the required data format or values
- jargon
words used in a particular way by people in a particular field
Example: The word StickyKeys is jargon from the field of assistive technology/accessibility.
- keyboard interface
interface used by software to obtain keystroke input
Note 1:
Allows users to provide keystroke input to programs even if the native technology does not contain a keyboard.
Example: A touch screen PDA has a keyboard interface built into its operating system as well as a connector for external keyboards. Applications on the PDA can use the interface to obtain keyboard input either from an external keyboard or from other applications that provide simulated keyboard output, such as handwriting interpreters or speech-to-text applications with "keyboard emulation" functionality.
Note 2:
Operation of the application (or parts of the application) through a keyboard-operated mouse emulator, such as MouseKeys, does not qualify as operation through a keyboard interface because operation of the program is through its pointing device interface, not through its keyboard interface.
- label
text
or other component with a text alternative
that is presented to a user to identify a component within Web content
[begin change] Note 1:
A label is presented to all users whereas the name may be hidden and only exposed by assistive technology. In many (but not all) cases the name and the label are the same.
[2200]
[end change] [begin add] Note 2:
The term label is not limited to the label element in HTML.
[2107]
[end add] - larger scale (text)
with at least 18 point or 14 point bold or font size that would yield equivalent stroke width for Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK) fonts
[2175]
Note 1:
Fonts with extraordinarily thin strokes or unusual features and characteristics that reduce the familiarity of their letter forms are harder to read, especially at lower contrast levels.
Note 2:
Font size is the size when the content is delivered. It does not include resizing that may be done by a user.
[begin add] Note 3:
The actual size of the character that a user sees in dependent both on the author-defined size and the users display or user-agent settings. This Success Criterion is based on common pixel sizes available today. Users who have low vision would be responsible for choosing appropriate settings.
[2267]
[end add] -
legal commitments
transactions where the person incurs a legally binding obligation or benefit
Example: A marriage license, a stock trade (financial and legal), a will, a loan, adoption, signing up for the army, a contract of any type, etc.
- link purpose
nature of the result obtained by activating a hyperlink
- live audio-only
a time-based live presentation that contains only audio (no video and no interaction)
- live video-only
a time-based live presentation that contains only video (no audio and no interaction)
- lower secondary education level
the two or three year period of education that begins after completion of six years of school and ends nine years after the beginning of primary education
Note: This definition is based on [UNESCO].
- mechanism
process or technique for achieving a result
Note 1:
The mechanism may be explicitly provided in the content, or may be relied on to be provided by either the platform or by user agents, including assistive technologies.
Note 2:
The mechanism must meet all Success Criteria for the conformance level claimed.
- media alternative to text
media that presents no more information than is already presented in text (directly or via text alternatives)
[2250]
[2290]
Note: A media alternative to text is provided for those who benefit from alternate representations of text. Media alternatives to text may be audio-only, video-only (including sign-language video), or audio-video.
- must be presented in non-text format
would be invalid if presented in text
Example: Color blindness test, hearing test, vision exercise, spelling test.
- name
text by which software can identify a component within Web content to the user
Note 1:
The name may be hidden and only exposed by assistive technology, whereas a label is presented to all users.
In many (but not all) cases, the label and the name are the same.
Note 2:
This is unrelated to the name attribute in HTML.
- navigated sequentially
navigated in the order defined for advancing focus (from one element to the next) [begin change]using[end change] the keyboard
- non-text content
any content that is not a sequence of characters that can be programmatically determined or where the sequence is not expressing something in human language
Note: This includes ASCII Art (which is a pattern of characters), [begin add]emoticons,
[2268]
[end add]leetspeak (which is character substitution), [begin add]and images representing text
[2139]
[end add].
- normative
required for conformance
Note 1:
One may conform in a variety of well-defined ways to this document.
Note 2:
Content identified as "informative" or "non-normative" is never required for conformance.
- paused
stopped by user request and not resumed until requested by user
- presentation
rendering of the content in a form to be perceived by users
- primary education level
six year time period that begins between the ages of five and seven, possibly without any previous education
Note: This definition is based on [UNESCO].
- process
series of user actions where each action is required in order to complete an activity
Example 1:
Successful use of a series of Web pages on a shopping site requires users to view alternative products, prices and offers, select products, submit an order, provide shipping information and provide payment information.
Example 2:
An account registration page requires successful completion of a Turing test before the registration form can be accessed.
- Programmatically determiend (programmatically determinable) link context
additional information that can be programmatically determined from relationships with a link, combined with the link text, and presented to users in different modalities
[begin change] Example: In HTML, information that is programmatically determinable from a link in English includes text that is in the same [begin delete]sentence, [end delete]paragraph, list, or table cell as the link or in a table header cell that is associated with the table cell that contains the link.
[2245]
[begin delete] Example: A screen reader provides commands to read the current sentence when focus is on a link in that sentence.
[begin add] Note: Since screen readers interpret punctuation, they can also provide the context from the current sentence, when the focus is on a link in that sentence.
[2245]
- programmatically determined / programmatically determinable
determined by software from author-supplied data provided in a
way that different
user agents, including assistive technologies, can extract and present this information to users in different modalities
Example: Determined in a markup language from elements and attributes that are accessed directly by commonly available assistive technology.
Example: Determined from technology-specific data structures in a non-markup language and exposed to assistive technology via an accessibility API that is supported by commonly available assistive technology.
- programmatically set
set by software using methods that are supported by user agents, including assistive technologies
- pure decoration
serving only an aesthetic purpose, providing no information, and having no functionality
Note: Text is only purely decorative if the words can be rearranged or substituted without changing their purpose.
Example: The cover page of a dictionary has random words in very light text in the background.
- real-time event
event that a) occurs at the same time as the viewing and b) is not completely generated by the content
Example 1:
A Webcast of a live performance (occurs at the same time as the viewing and is not prerecorded).
Example 2:
An on-line auction with people bidding (occurs at the same time as the viewing).
Example 3:
Live humans interacting in a fantasy world using avatars (is not completely generated by the content and occurs at the same time as the viewing).
- relationships
meaningful associations between distinct pieces of content
- relative luminance
the relative perceived brightness of any point, normalized to 0 for black and 1 for maximum white
Note 1:
The relative luminance of an sRGB color is defined as L = 0.2126 * R + 0.7152 * G + 0.0722 * B where R, G and B are defined as:
if RsRGB <= 0.03928 then R = RsRGB/12.92 else R = ((RsRGB+0.055)/1.055) ^ 2.4
if GsRGB <= 0.03928 then G = GsRGB/12.92 else G = ((GsRGB+0.055)/1.055) ^ 2.4
if BsRGB <= 0.03928 then B = BsRGB/12.92 else B = ((BsRGB+0.055)/1.055) ^ 2.4
and RsRGB, GsRGB, and BsRGB are defined as:
RsRGB = R8bit/255
GsRGB = G8bit/255
BsRGB = B8bit/255
The "^" character is the exponentiation operator. (Formula taken from [sRGB] and [IEC-4WD]).
Note 2:
Almost all systems used today to view Web content assume sRGB encoding. Unless it is known that another color space will be used to process and display the content, authors should evaluate using sRGB colorspace. If using other color spaces, see Understanding Success Criterion 1.4.3.
Note 3:
For dithered colors, use average values of the colors used (average R, average G, and average B).
Note 4:
Tools are available that automatically do the calculations when testing contrast and flash.
Note 5:
A MathML version of the relative luminance definition is available.
- relied upon (technologies that are)
the content would not conform if that technology is turned off or not supported
- role
text or a number by which software can identify the function of a component within Web content
Example: A number that indicates whether an image functions as a hyperlink, command button, or check box.
- same functionality
same result when used
Example: A submit "search" button on one Web page and a "find" button on another Web page may both have a field to enter a term and list topics in the Web site related to the term submitted. In this case, they would have the same functionality but would not be labeled consistently.
- same relative order
same position relative to other items
Note: Items are considered to be in the same relative order even if other items are inserted or removed from the original order. For example, expanding navigation menus may insert an additional level of detail or a secondary navigation section may be inserted into the reading order.
- satisfies a Success Criterion
the Success Criterion does not evaluate to 'false' when applied to [begin delete]all of the content on [end delete]the page
- section
A self-contained portion of written content that deals with one or more related topics or thoughts
Note: A section may consist of one or more paragraphs and include graphics, tables, lists and sub-sections.
- set of Web pages
collection of Web pages that [begin add]share a common purpose and that are created by the same[end add]
[begin delete]have a specific relationship to each other and that are created as a body of work by an[end delete] author, group or organization
[2213]
Note: Different language versions would be considered different [begin add]sets of Web pages[end add]
[begin delete]bodies of work[end delete].
[begin delete] [begin delete] Example: A set of Web pages that make up a report, a test, an exercise, a catalog, or an application.
[end delete] - sign language
a [begin delete]visual [end delete]language using combinations of movements of the hands and arms, facial expressions, [begin add]or[end add]
[begin delete]and[end delete] body positions to convey meaning
[2309]
- sign language interpretation
translation of one language, generally a spoken language, into a sign language
Note:
True sign languages are independent languages that are unrelated to the spoken language(s) of the same country or region.
- specific sensory experience
a sensory experience that is not purely decorative and does not primarily convey important information or perform a function
Example:
Examples include a performance of a flute solo, works of visual art etc.
- structure
The way the parts of a Web page
are organized in relation to each other; and
The way a collection of Web pages is organized
- supplemental content
additional content that illustrates or clarifies the primary content
Example 1:
An audio version of a Web page.
Example 2:
An illustration of a complex process.
Example 3:
A paragraph describing the major outcomes and recommendations made in a research study.
- synchronized media
audio or video synchronized with another
format for presenting information and/or with time-based interactive components
- technology (Web content)
[begin add]
mechanism for encoding instructions to be rendered, played or executed by user agents
[end add]
[begin delete]markup language, programming language, style sheet, data format, or API
[end delete]
[2045]
[begin add] Note 1:
As used in these guidelines "Web Technology" and the word "technology" (when used alone) both refer to Web Content Technologies.
Note 2:
Web content technologies may include markup languages, data formats, or programming languages that authors may use alone or in combination to create end-user experiences that range from static Web pages to synchronized media presentations to dynamic Web applications.
[2045]
[begin add] Example: Some common examples of Web content technologies include HTML, CSS, SVG, PNG, PDF, Flash, and JavaScript.
[2045]
- text
sequence of characters that can be programmatically determined, where the sequence is expressing something in human language
- text alternative
programmatically determined text that is used in place of non-text content, or text that is used in addition to non-text content and referred to from the programmatically determined text
Example: An image of a chart is described in text in the paragraph after the chart. The short text-alternative for the chart indicates that a description follows.
- used in an unusual or restricted way
words used in such a way that users must know exactly
which definition to apply in order to understand the content correctly
Example:
The term "gig" means something different if it occurs in a discussion of music concerts than it does in article about computer hard drive space, but the appropriate definition can be determined from context. By contrast, the word "text" is used in a very specific way in WCAG 2.0, so a definition is supplied in the glossary.
- user agent
any software that retrieves and presents Web content for users
Example: Web browsers, media players, plug-ins, and other programs — including assistive technologies — that help in retrieving, rendering, and interacting with Web content.
- user-controllable
data that is intended to be accessed by users
Note: This does not refer such things as internet logs and search engine monitoring data.
Example: Name and address fields for a user's account.
- user interface component
a part of the content that is perceived by users as a single control for a distinct function
Note: Multiple user interface components may be implemented as a single programmatic element. Components here is not tied to programming techniques but rather to what the user perceives as separate controls.
Example: An applet has a "control" that can be used to move through content by line or page or random access. Since each of these would need to have a name and be setable independently, they would each be a "user interface component."
- video
the technology of moving pictures or images
Note: Video can be made up of animated or photographic images, or both.
- viewport
object in which the user agent presents content
Note 1:
The user agent
presents content through one or more viewports. Viewports include windows, frames, loudspeakers, and virtual magnifying glasses. A viewport may contain another viewport (e.g., nested frames). User agent user interface controls such as prompts, menus, and alerts are not viewports.
Note 2:
This definition is based on User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 Glossary.
- Web page
[begin add]a non-embedded resource [begin delete]that is referenced by a URI[end delete]
[begin add]obtained from a single URI using HTTP[end add] plus any other resources that are used in the rendering or intended to be rendered together with it by a user agent
[end add]
[begin delete]a resource that is referenced by a URI and is not embedded in another resource, plus any other resources that are used in the rendering or intended to be rendered together with it[end delete]
[1948]
Note 1:
Although any "other resources" would be rendered together with the primary resource, they would not necessarily be rendered simultaneously with each other.
Note 2:
For the purposes of conformance with these guidelines, a resource must be "non-embedded" within the scope of conformance to be considered a Web page.
Example 1:
A Web resource including all embedded images and media.
Example 2:
A Web mail program built using Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX). The program lives entirely at http://example.com/mail, but includes an inbox, a contacts area and a calendar. Links or buttons are provided that cause the inbox, contacts, or calendar to display, but do not change the URL of the page as a whole.
Example 3:
A customizable portal site, where users can choose content to display from a set of different content modules.
Example 4:
When you enter "http://shopping.example.com/" in your browser, you enter a movie-like interactive shopping environment where you visually move about a store dragging products off of the shelves around you [begin add]and[end add] into a visual shopping cart in front of you. Clicking on a product causes it to be demonstrated with a specification sheet floating alongside.