Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0

Appendix A: Glossary

This section is normative.

abbreviation

shortened form of a word, phrase, or name

Note: Includes initialisms and acronyms.

acronym

[begin change]abbreviated form made from the initial letters or parts of other words (in a name or phrase) which may be pronounced as a word[end change] [LC-1175] [LC-1413]

Example: NOAA is an acronym made from the initial letters of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the United States.

activity where timing is essential

activity where timing is part of the design of the activity and removal of the time dependency would change the functionality of the content

alternate version

version that provides all of the same information and functionality [begin add]in the same human language [end add] and is as up to date as [begin delete]any[end delete] [begin add]the[end add] non-conformant content [LC-940] [LC-1490]

Application Programming Interface (API)

definitions of how communication may take place between applications

Note 1: Implementing APIs that are independent of a particular operating environment (as are the W3C DOM Level 2 specifications) may reduce implementation costs for multi-platform user agents and promote the development of multi-platform assistive technologies. Implementing conventional APIs for a particular operating environment may reduce implementation costs for assistive technology developers who wish to interoperate with more than one piece of software running on that operating environment.

Note 2: A "device API" defines how communication may take place with an input or output device such as a keyboard, mouse, or video card.

Note 3: In this document, an "input/output API" defines how applications or devices communicate with a user agent. As used in this document, input and output APIs include, but are not limited to, device APIs. Input and output APIs also include more abstract communication interfaces than those specified by device APIs. A "conventional input/output API" is one that is expected to be implemented by software running on a particular operating environment. For example, the conventional input APIs of the user agent are for the mouse and keyboard. For touch screen devices or mobile devices, conventional input APIs may include stylus, buttons, and voice. The graphical display and sound card are considered conventional output devices for a graphical desktop computer environment, and each has an associated API.

Note 4: This definition is based on User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 Glossary.

ASCII art

picture created by a spatial arrangement of characters [begin add]or glyphs[end add] (typically from the 95 printable characters defined by ASCII). [LC-1413]

Assistive technology ([begin change]as used in this document [LC-732] [end change])

a user agent that [begin add]both[end add]:

1. provides services beyond those offered by the host user agents to meet the requirements of users with disabilities. [begin change]Such[end change] services include alternative renderings (e.g., as synthesized speech or magnified content), alternative input methods (e.g., voice), additional navigation or orientation mechanisms, and content transformations (e.g., to make tables more accessible)[begin add], and[end add] [LC-1178]

2. relies on services (such as retrieving Web content and parsing markup) provided by one or more other "host" user agents. Assistive technologies communicate data and messages with host user agents by using and monitoring APIs

Note 1: [begin add]In this definition, the host user agents are user agents in the general sense of the term. That is, any software that retrieves and renders Web content for users. The host user agent may provide important services to assistive technologies like retrieving Web content from program objects or parsing markup into identifiable bundles. [LC-732] [end add]

Note 2: [begin add]Host user agents may also provide services directly that meet the requirements of users with disabilities. [LC-732] [end add]

Note 3: This definition is based on User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 Glossary.

Example: Examples of assistive technologies that are important in the context of this document include the following:

• screen magnifiers, [begin change]and other visual reading assistants, which are used by people with visual, perceptual and physical print disabilities to change text font, size, spacing, color, synchronization with speech, etc in order [LC-604] [end change] improve the visual readability of rendered text and images;

• screen readers, which are used by people who are blind [begin change]to read textual information through synthesized speech or braille[end change];

• [begin add]

  text-to-speech software, which is used by some people with cognitive, language, and learning disabilities to convert text into synthetic speech;

  [end add]

• voice recognition software, which may be used by people who have some physical disabilities;

• alternative keyboards, which are used by people with certain physical disabilities to simulate the keyboard;

• alternative pointing devices, which are used by people with certain physical disabilities to simulate mouse pointing and button activations.

audio description

narration added to the soundtrack to describe important visual details that cannot be understood from the main soundtrack alone

Note 1: [begin change]Audio description of video provides information about actions, characters, scene changes, on-screen text, and other visual content. [LC-845] [end change]

Note 2: In standard audio description, narration is added during existing pauses in dialogue. (See also extended audio description.)

authored component

[begin delete]

an authored unit intended to be used as a part of another authored unit [LC-745]

[end delete]

authored unit

[begin delete]

set of material created as a single body by an author

[end delete]

[begin delete]

Example 1: a collection consisting of markup, a style sheet, and an image or audio clip.

Example 2: a set of Web pages intended to be viewed only as a unit or in sequence.

[end delete]

Note: This definition is based on Glossary of Terms for Device Independence.

blink

turn on and off between 0.5 and 3 times per second

[begin add]

Note: The slower blink is in contrast with flashing, which refers to rapid changes in brightness which can cause seizures. See general flash threshold and red flash threshold. [LC-1414]

[end add]

body text

[begin add]

the base font used for text in a paragraph

[end add]

captions

text presented and synchronized with multimedia to provide not only the speech, but also [begin change]non-speech information conveyed through sound, including meaningful sound effects and identification of speakers [LC-846] [end change]

Note: In some countries, the term "subtitle" is used to refer to dialogue only and "captions" is used as the term for dialogue plus sounds and speaker identification. In other countries, subtitle (or its translation) is used to refer to both.

changes of context

change of :

1. user agent;

2. viewport;

3. focus;

4. content that changes the meaning of the Web page.

Note: A change of content is not always a change of context. Small changes in content, such as an expanding outline or dynamic menu, do not change the context.

conformance

[begin add]satisfying all the requirements of a given standard, guideline or specification [LC-999] [end add]

content (Web content)

[begin change]information and sensory experience to be communicated to the user by means of a user agent, as well as code or markup that define the structure, presentation, and interactions associated with those elements [LC-1180] [end change]

Note: [begin delete]This includes the code and markup that define the structure, presentation, and interaction, as well as text, images, and sounds that convey information to the end-user.[end delete]

context-sensitive help

help text that provides information related to the function currently being performed

contrast ratio

(L1 + 0.05) / (L2 + 0.05), where L1 is the [begin change]relative luminance [LC-580] [end change] of the lighter of the [begin change]foreground [LC-1182] [end change] or background colors, and L2 is the [begin change]relative luminance [LC-580] [end change] of the darker of the [begin change]foreground [LC-1182] [end change] or background colors.

[begin change]

Note 1: The relative luminance of an sRGB color is defined as 0.2126 * R + 0.7152 * G + 0.0722 * B where R, G and B are defined as:

[end change]

• [begin add]

  if R_sRGB <= 0.03928 then R = R_sRGB/12.92 else R = ((R_sRGB+0.055)/1.055) ^ 2.4

  [end add]
• [begin add]

  if G_sRGB <= 0.03928 then G = G_sRGB/12.92 else G = ((G_sRGB+0.055)/1.055) ^ 2.4

  [end add]
• [begin add]

  if B_sRGB <= 0.03928 then B = B_sRGB/12.92 else B = ((B_sRGB+0.055)/1.055) ^ 2.4

  [end add]

[begin change]

The "^" character is the exponentiation operator. Refer to [sRGB] and [IEC-4WD] for conversion from nonlinear to linear RGB values.

[end change]

[begin change]

Note 2: Relative luminance values can range from 0 (black) to 1 (white), and contrast ratios can range from 1 to 21 (commonly written 1:1 to 21:1).

[end change]

[begin add]

Note 3: For dithered colors, use average values of the colors used (average R, average G, and average B).

[end add]

[begin add]

Note 4: Text can be evaluated with anti-aliasing turned off.

[end add]

[begin add]

Note 5: For text displayed over gradients and background images, authors should ensure that sufficient contrast exists for each character in the content.

[end add]

Note 6: [begin add]A MathML version of the contrast ratio definition is available. [LC-603] [LC-854] [end add]

emergency

a sudden, unexpected situation or occurrence that requires immediate action to preserve health, safety, or property

event handler

[begin delete]

section of code that responds to an action taken by the user (or user agent)

[end delete]

Note: On Web pages, events are usually user actions such as moving the mouse, typing, etc.

• An event handler determines the response to that action.

• A device-specific event handler only responds to an action by one kind of input device.

• An abstract event handler is one which can be activated by a variety of input devices.

extended audio description

audio description that is added to an audiovisual presentation by pausing the video so that there is time to add additional description

Note: This technique is only used when the sense of the video would be lost without the additional audio description.

[begin change]full text alternative for multimedia including any interaction [LC-810] [end change]

document including correctly sequenced descriptions of all visual settings, actions, and non-speech sounds combined with descriptive transcripts of all dialogue and a means of achieving any outcomes that are achieved using interaction during the multimedia

Note: A screenplay used to create the multimedia content would meet this definition only if it was corrected to accurately represent the final multimedia after editing.

functionality

processes and outcomes achievable through user action

general flash threshold

• [begin change]

  A sequence of flashes or rapidly changing image sequences where all [begin change]four[end change] of the following occur:

  [end change]
  [begin change]

  1. there are more than three flashes within any one-second period; and

  2. the flashing is below 50 Hz; and

  3. [begin add]

     the brightness of the darker image is below .80 of full scale white brightness; and

     [end add]

  4. the combined area of flashes occurring concurrently [begin add]and contiguously[end add] [begin delete](but not necessarily contiguously)[end delete] occupies more than [begin add]a total of .006 steradians (or one quarter of any 10 degree visual field on the screen ).[end add] [begin delete]341 x 256 pixel rectangle anywhere on the displayed screen area when the content is viewed at 1024 x 768 pixels;[end delete]

  [end change]

[begin change]

Note 1: For the general flash threshold, a flash is defined as a pair of opposing changes in brightness of 10% or more of full scale white brightness.

Note 2: Brightness is calculated as 0.2126 * ((R / FS) ^ 2.2) + 0.7152 * ((G / FS) ^ 2.2) + 0.0722 * ((B / FS) ^ 2.2). R, G, and B are the red, green, and blue RGB values of the color; FS is the maximum possible full scale RGB value for R, G, and B (255 for eight bit color channels); and the "^" character is the exponentiation operator.

Note 3: An "opposing change" is an increase followed by a decrease, or a decrease followed by an increase.[begin delete]This applies only when the brightness of the darker image is below .80 of full scale white brightness.[end delete]

[begin add]

Note 4: For general Web content, using a 341 x 256 pixel rectangle anywhere on the displayed screen area when the content is viewed at 1024 x 768 pixels will provide a good estimate of a 10 degree visual field of standard screen sizes and viewing distances.

[end add]

[begin delete]

Note 5: Based on Wisconsin Computer Equivalence Algorithm for Flash Pattern Analysis (FPA)

[end delete]

[end change]

[LC-1187]

human language

[begin add]language that is spoken, written or signed (visually or tactilely) by humans to communicate with one another[end add] [begin delete]languages used by humans to communicate, including spoken, written, and signed languages[end delete] [LC-1184] [LC-1500]

Note: See also sign language.

idiom

phrase whose meaning cannot be deduced from the meaning of the individual words and the specific words cannot be changed without losing the meaning

Example 1: In English, "kicking the bucket" means "dying," but the phrase cannot be changed to "kicking the buckets" or "kicking the tub" or "booting the bucket" or "knocking over the bucket" without losing its meaning.

Example 2: In English, "spilling the beans" means "revealing a secret." However, "knocking over the beans" or "spilling the vegetables" does not mean the same thing.

Example 3: In Japanese, the phrase "さじを投げる [begin delete]（どうするこ ともできなくなり、あきらめること[end delete]" literally translates into "he [begin change]throws[end change] a spoon," but it means that there is nothing he [begin change]can[end change] do and finally he [begin change]gives[end change] up. [LC-1240] [LC-1382]

Example 4: In Dutch, "Hij ging met de kippen op stok" literally translates into "He went to roost with the chickens," but it means that he went to bed early.

information

[begin delete]

1. a message to be sent and received

2. a collection of facts or data from which inferences may be drawn [LC-905]

[end delete]

information that is conveyed by color [begin add]differences[end add]

information presented in a manner that depends entirely on the ability to perceive color

informative

for information purposes and not required for conformance

Note: Content required for conformance is referred to as "normative."

initialism

shortened form of a name or phrase made from the initial letters of words or syllables contained in that name or phrase

Note: Not defined in all languages.

Example 1: SNCF is a French initialism that contains the initial letters of the Sociétè Nationale des Chemins de Fer, the French national railroad.

Example 2: ESP is an initialism for extrasensory perception.

input error

information provided by the user that is not accepted

Note: This includes:

1. Information that is required by the Web page but omitted by the user

2. Information that is provided by the user but that falls outside the required data format or values

jargon

words used in a particular way by people in a particular field

Example: The word StickyKeys is jargon from the field of assistive technology/accessibility.

keyboard interface

interface used by software to obtain keystroke input

Note 1: Allows users to provide keystroke input to programs even if the native technology does not contain a keyboard.

Example: A touch screen PDA has a keyboard interface built into its operating system as well as a connector for external keyboards. Applications on the PDA can use the interface to obtain keyboard input either from an external keyboard or from other applications that provide simulated keyboard output, such as handwriting interpreters or speech-to-text applications with "keyboard emulation" functionality.

Note 2: Operation of the application (or parts of the application) through a keyboard-operated mouse emulator, such as MouseKeys, does not qualify as operation through a keyboard interface because operation of the program is through its pointing device interface, not through its keyboard interface.

label

text [begin delete], image, or sound[end delete] [begin add]or other component with a text alternative [end add] that is presented to a user to identify a component within Web content

Note: [begin add]See also name. [LC-847] [end add]

[begin add]legal committments [LC-1471] [end add]

transactions where the person incurs a legally binding obligation or benefit

Example: A marriage license, a stock trade (financial and legal), a will, a loan, adoption, signing up for the army, a contract of any type, etc.

live audio-only

A time-based live presentation that contains only audio (no video and no interaction)

live video-only

A time-based live presentation that contains only video (no audio and no interaction)

lower secondary education level

the two or three year period of education that begins after completion of six years of school and ends nine years after the beginning of primary education.

Note: This definition is based on [UNESCO].

mechanism

process or technique for achieving a result

[begin add]

Note 1: The mechanism may be explicitly provided in the content, or may be relied on to be provided by either the platform or by user agents, including assistive technologies.

Note 2: The mechanism must meet all success criteria for the conformance level claimed. [LC-619]

[end add]

multimedia

audio or video synchronized with another [begin delete]type of media[end delete] [begin add]format for presenting information[end add] and/or with time-based interactive components [LC-1499]

multimedia alternatives to text

[begin add]

multimedia that presents no more information than is already presented in text (directly or via text alternatives) [LC-608]

[end add]

Note: Multimedia alternatives to text are provided for those who benefit from alternate representations of text.

must be presented in non-text format

would be invalid if presented in text [LC-1506]

Example: Color blindness test, hearing test, vision exercise, spelling test.

name

text by which software can identify a component within Web content to the user

Note: The name may be hidden and only exposed by assistive technology, whereas a label is presented even without assistive technology. In many (but not all) cases, the label is a display of the name.

navigated sequentially

navigated in the order defined for advancing focus from one element to the next with the keyboard [LC-974]

non-commercial user-contributed content

content from a person/entity who is not compensated for the content that is included automatically in Web content and where the content is not edited except for censorship

non-text content

content that is not represented by a Unicode character or sequence of Unicode characters when rendered in a user agent according to the formal specification of the content type

Note: This includes ASCII Art, which is a pattern of characters [begin add]and leetspeak, which is character substitution. [LC-796] [end add].

normative

required for conformance

Note 1: One may conform in a variety of well-defined ways to this document.

Note 2: Content identified as "informative" or "non-normative" is never required for conformance.

parsed unambiguously

[begin delete]

parsed into only one data structure

[end delete]

[begin delete]

Note: Parsing transforms markup or other code into a data structure, usually a tree, which is suitable for later processing and which captures the implied hierarchy of the input.

[end delete]

paused

stopped by user request and not restarted until requested by user

presentation

[begin delete]rendering of the content and structure in a form that can be perceived by the user[end delete] [begin change]rendering of the content in a form to be perceived by users [LC-490] [LC-1501] [end change]

primary education level

six year time period that begins between the ages of five and seven, possibly without any previous education

Note: This definition is based on [UNESCO].

process

series of user actions where each action is required in order to complete an activity

Example 1: A series of Web pages on a shopping site requires users to view alternative products and prices, select products, submit an order, provide shipping information and provide payment information.

Example 2: An account registration page requires successful completion of a Turing test before the registration form can be accessed.

programmatically determined

determined by software from [begin add]author-supplied[end add] data provided in a [begin delete] user-agent-supported manner such that the[end delete] [begin add]way that different[end add] user agents, including assistive technologies, can extract and present this information to users in different modalities [LC-756] [LC-1502]

[begin add]

Example: Determined in a mark-up language from elements and attributes that are accessed directly by commonly available assistive technology.

[end add]

[begin add]

Example: Determined from technology-specific data structures in a non-mark-up language and exposed to assistive technology via an accessibility API that is supported by commonly available assitive technology.

[end add]

programmatically determined link context

1. Additional information that can be programmatically determined from relationships with a link; and

2. can be extracted, combined with the link text, and presented to users in different modalities.

Example 1: Screen readers provide commands to read the current sentence when focus is on a link.

Example 2: Examples of information that can be extracted, combined with link text, and presented to users in different modalities include text that is in the same sentence, paragraph, list, or table cell as the link or in a table header cell that is associated with the table cell that contains the link.

[LC-497]

programmatically set

set by software using methods that are [begin add]supported by user agents, including assistive technologies [end add] [begin delete] user-agent-supported [end delete]

pure decoration

serving only an aesthetic purpose, providing no information, and having no functionality.

real-time event

event that a) occurs at the same time as the viewing, b) is not completely generated by the content, and c) is not pre-recorded

Example 1: A Webcast of a live performance [begin add](occurs at the same time as the viewing and is not pre-recorded)[end add].

Example 2: An on-line auction with people bidding [begin add](occurs at the same time as the viewing)[end add].

Example 3: Live humans interacting in a fantasy world using avatars [begin add](is not completely generated by the content and occurs at the same time as the viewing)[end add] [LC-1503] .

red flash threshold

• transition to or from a saturated red where all three of the following occur:

  1. there are more than three flashes within any one-second period; and

  2. the flashing is below 50 Hz; and

  3. [begin add]the combined area of flashing occurring concurrently and contiguously occupies more than a total of .006 steradians (or one quarter of any 10 degree visual field on the screen).[end add] [begin delete]the combined area of flashes occurring concurrently occupies more than one quarter of any 341 x 256 pixel rectangle anywhere on the displayed screen area when the content is viewed at 1024 x 768 pixels.[end delete]

[begin delete]

Note: Based on Wisconsin Computer Equivalence Algorithm for Flash Pattern Analysis (FPA)

[end delete]

[begin add]

Note: For general Web content, using a 341 x 256 pixel rectangle anywhere on the displayed screen area when the content is viewed at 1024 x 768 pixels will provide a good estimate of a 10 degree visual field of standard screen sizes and viewing distances.

[end add]

regular expression

[begin delete]

regular expression [begin delete]as defined in XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, Appendix F.[end delete] [begin add]a sequence of characters that describes or matches a pattern of characters [LC-1152] [end add]

[end delete]

relationships

[begin add]meaningful associations between distinct pieces of content [LC-1427] [end add]

role

text or a number by which software can identify the function of a component within Web content

Example: A number that indicates whether an image functions as a hyperlink, command button, or check box.

same functionality

[begin delete]identical[end delete] [begin add]same[end add] result when used [LC-982]

Example: A submit "search" button on one Web page and a "find" button on another Web page may both have a field to enter a term and list topics in the Web site related to the term submitted. In this case, they would have the same functionality but would not be labeled consistently.

same relative order

same position relative to other items

Note: Items are considered to be in the same relative order even if other items are inserted or removed from the original order. For example, expanding navigation menus may insert an additional level of detail or a secondary navigation section may be inserted into the reading order.

set of Web pages

collection of Web pages that have a specific relationship to each other and that are created as a body of work by an author, group or organization [LC-711] [LC-916]

Note: Different language versions would be considered different bodies of work.

Example: A set of Web pages that make up a report, a test, an exercise, a catalog, or an application.

sign language

a visual language using combinations of movements of the hands and arms, facial expressions, and body positions to convey meaning [LC-741]

sign language interpretation

translation of one language, generally a spoken language, into a sign language [LC-741]

Note: [begin delete]Most[end delete] [begin add]True[end add] sign languages are independent languages that are unrelated to the spoken language(s) of the same country or region. [LC-1504]

specific sensory experience

a sensory experience that is not purely decorative and does not primarily convey important information or perform a function

Example: [begin add]Examples include a performance of a flute solo, works of visual art etc. [LC-1189] [end add]

stem width

[begin add]

the width of the dominant stem of the font

[end add]

[begin add]

Note: This is usually the width of the vertical stroke of the letter "T" in a Latin font (e.g. English).

[end add]

structure

1. The way the parts of [begin change]a Web page [end change] are organized in relation to each other; and [LC-1179]

2. The way a collection of Web pages is organized

supplemental content

additional content that [begin delete]users may use in addition to or instead of the default content, that[end delete]illustrates or clarifies the [begin change]primary[end change] content [LC-1505]

Example 1: [begin delete]Examples of supplemental content may include text, images and audio.[end delete] [begin add]An audio version of a Web page. [end add]

Example 2: [begin add]An illustration of a complex process.[end add]

Example 3: [begin add]A paragraph describing the major outcomes and recommendations made in a research study. [end add]

technology

markup language, programming language, style sheet, data format, or API

text

sequence of characters

Note 1: [begin add]This definition does not place requirements on the specific encoding of characters. For advice about appropriate character encodings, refer to [I18N-CHAR-ENC]. [LC-849] [end add]

Note 2: Characters are those included in the Unicode/ISO/IEC 106464 repertoire.

text alternative

programmatically determined text that is used in place of non-text content, or text that is used in addition to non-text content and referred to from the programmatically determined text

time-dependent analog input

input whose result is different depending on the rate of the analog movement (such as when line width varies with pen speed or pressure)

Note: Most actions carried out by a pointing device can also be done from the keyboard (for example, clicking, selecting, moving, sizing). However, there is a small class of input that is done with a pointing device that cannot be done from the keyboard in any known fashion. This type of input can be best characterized by the fact that the outcome can only be achieved by moving the pointer in a smooth fashion at a certain rate. For example, in a watercolor program stroke width and transparency may depend on the rate of movement (and/or pressure) of a "brush." [begin add]Another example would be a real-time helicopter flight simulator. [LC-1164] [end add]

Unicode

universal character set that defines all the characters needed for writing the majority of living languages in use on computers

Note: [begin change]For more information, refer to [UNICODE] or [I18N-CHAR-ENC]. [LC-849] [end change]

used in an unusual or restricted way

words used in such a way that users must know exactly [begin delete]what[end delete] [begin add]which[end add] definition to apply in order to understand the content correctly

[LC-851]

Example: [begin delete]The word "representational" means something quite different if it occurs in a discussion of visual art as opposed to a treatise on government, but the appropriate definition can be determined from context.[end delete] [begin add]The term "gig" means something [begin add]different[end add] if it occurs in a discussion of music concerts [begin change]than it does in[end change] article about computer hard drive space, but the appropriate definition can be determined from context.[end add] By contrast, the word "text" is used in a very specific way in WCAG 2.0, so a definition is supplied in the glossary. [LC-1508]

user agent

any software that retrieves and renders Web content for users

Example: Web browsers, media players, plug-ins, and other programs — including assistive technologies — that help in retrieving[begin change], rendering, and interacting with [end change]Web content. [LC-1269]

user-agent-supported

[begin delete]

implemented by user agents [begin change]including[end change] assistive technologies [LC-1509]

[end delete]

Note: One of the factors that should be considered before adding a technology to a baseline is the availability of affordable user agents and assistive technologies which support the technology.

user-controllable

data that is intended to be accessed by users

Note: This does not refer such things as internet logs and search engine monitoring data.

Example: Name and address fields for a user’s account.

variations in presentation of text

changes in the visual appearance or sound of the text[begin change]; or, if auditory presentation is specified in the content, changes in the sound of text such as voice.[end change] [begin delete], such as changing to a different font or a different voice[end delete] [LC-852]

video

the technology of moving pictures or images

Note: Video can be made up of animated or photographic images, or both.

viewport

[begin add]object in which the user agent renders content [LC-1127] [end add]

Note 1: The user agent renders content through one or more viewports. Viewports include windows, frames, loudspeakers, and virtual magnifying glasses. A viewport may contain another viewport (e.g., nested frames). User agent user interface controls such as prompts, menus, and alerts are not viewports.

Note 2: This definition is based on User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 Glossary.

Web page

[begin change]

a resource that is referenced by a URI and is not embedded in another resource, plus any other resources that are used in the rendering or intended to be rendered together with it [LC-862]

[end change]

Note: Although any "other resources" would be rendered together with the primary resource, they would not necessarily be rendered simultaneously with each other.

Example 1: A movie-like interactive shopping environment where the user visually moves about a store dragging products off of the shelves around them into a visual shopping cart in front of them. Clicking on a product causes it to be demonstrated with a specification sheet alongside.

Example 2: A Web resource including all embedded images and media.

Wisconsin Computer Equivalence Algorithm for Flash Pattern Analysis (FPA)

[begin delete]

a method developed at the University of Wisconsin, working in conjunction with Dr. Graham Harding and Cambridge Research Associates, for applying the United Kingdom's "Ofcom Guidance Note on Flashing Images and Regular Patterns in Television (Re-issued as Ofcom Notes 25 July 2005)" to content displayed on a computer screen, such as Web pages and other computer content

[end delete]

[begin delete]

Note: The Ofcom Guidance Document [OFCOM] is based on the assumption that the television screen occupies the central ten degrees of vision. This is not accurate for a screen which is located in front of a person. The Wisconsin algorithm basically carries out the same analysis as the Ofcom Guidelines except that is does it on every possible ten degree window for a prototypical computer display.

[end delete]

Appendix B: Acknowledgments

This section is informative.

This publication has been funded in part with Federal funds from the U.S. Department of Education under contract number ED05CO0039. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Education, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Appendix C: How to refer to WCAG 2.0 from other documents

This section is informative.

Appendix D: References

This section is informative.

I18N-CHAR-ENC

"Tutorial: Character sets & encodings in XHTML, HTML and CSS," R. Ishida, ed., This tutorial is available at http://www.w3.org/International/tutorials/tutorial-char-enc/.

IEC-4WD

IEC/4WD 61966-2-1: Colour Measurement and Management in Multimedia Systems and Equipment - Part 2.1: Default Colour Space - sRGB. May 5, 1998.

OFCOM

Guidance Notes, Section 2: Harm and offence Annex 1, "Ofcom Guidance Note on Flashing Images and Regular Patterns in Television (Re-issued as Ofcom Notes 25 July 2005)" available at http://www.ofcom.org.uk/tv/ifi/guidance/bguidance/guidance2.pdf)

sRGB

"A Standard Default Color Space for the Internet - sRGB," M. Stokes, M. Anderson, S. Chandrasekar, R. Motta, eds., Version 1.10, November 5, 1996. A copy of this paper is available at http://www.w3.org/Graphics/Color/sRGB.html.

UAAG10

"User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0," I. Jacobs, J. Gunderson, E. Hansen, eds., W3C Recommendation 17 December 2002. The latest version of UAAG 1.0 is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/UAAG10/

UNESCO

International Standard Classification of Education, 1997. A copy of the standard is available at http://www.unesco.org/education/information/nfsunesco/doc/isced_1997.htm.

UNICODE

The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0.1, defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 (Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley, 2003. ISBN 0-321-18578-1), as amended by Unicode 4.0.1 (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode4.0.1/).