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This PRISM Controlled Vocabulary Markup Specification describes the XML elements used to markup controlled vocabulary definitions using the PRISM Controlled Vocabulary Markup Language; includes normative material.
This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications can be found in the W3C technical reports index at https://www.w3.org/TR/.
By publishing this document, W3C acknowledges that the Submitting Members have made a formal Submission request to W3C for discussion. Publication of this document by W3C indicates no endorsement of its content by W3C, nor that W3C has, is, or will be allocating any resources to the issues addressed by it. This document is not the product of a chartered W3C group, but is published as potential input to the W3C Process. A W3C Team Comment has been published in conjunction with this Member Submission. Publication of acknowledged Member Submissions at the W3C site is one of the benefits of W3C Membership. Please consult the requirements associated with Member Submissions of section 3.3 of the W3C Patent Policy. Please consult the complete list of acknowledged W3C Member Submissions.
The status of this document is:
|
Draft |
11/04/2011 |
|
|
Released for Public Comment |
12/15/2011 |
|
|
|
Final Draft |
06/12/2012 |
|
|
Final Spec |
10/04/2012 |
The location of this document is:
|
Version Number |
Release Date |
Editor |
Description |
|
1.2 |
1/26/05 |
McConnell |
Converted from unmodularized PRISM spec v 1.2 |
|
1.3 |
10/01/05 |
Kennedy |
Update to resolve industry comments |
|
2.0 |
02/19/08 |
Kennedy |
Add for cross platform support |
|
2.1 Final |
05/15/09 |
Kennedy |
Final Spec with Industry Comments Resolved |
|
3.0 |
12/15/2011 |
Kennedy |
Public Draft of PRISM 3.0 |
|
3.0 |
06/12/02012 |
Kennedy |
Final Draft Spec with comments resolved |
|
3.0 |
10/04/02012 |
Kennedy |
Final Spec with comments resolved |
PRISM is described in a set of formal, modularized documents that, taken together, represent “the PRISM Specification.” Together these documents comprise the PRISM Documentation Package.
Documents in the PRISM Documentation Package may contain both normative and non-normative material; normative material describes element names, attributes, formats, and the contents of elements that is required in order for content or systems to comply with the PRISM Specification. Non-normative material explains, expands on, or clarifies the normative material, but it does not represent requirements for compliance. Normative material in the PRISM Documentation Package is explicitly identified as such; any material not identified as normative can be assumed to be non-normative.
The key words "MUST," "MUST NOT," "REQUIRED," "SHALL," "SHALL NOT," "SHOULD," "SHOULD NOT," "RECOMMENDED," "MAY," and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC-2119]. The PRISM Specification also uses the normative term, “STRONGLY ENCOURAGES,” which should be understood as a requirement equivalent to “MUST” in all but the most extraordinary circumstances.
Capitalization is significant; lower-case uses of the key words are intended to be interpreted in their normal, informal, English language way.
The PRISM Documentation Package has been reorganized and some specifications renamed to more accurately reflect the nature of each specification module. The PRISM documentation package includes the following specifications and documents:
This document provides compliance specification.
|
Document |
Description |
|
PRISM Compliance [PRISMCOMP] |
Describes three profiles of PRISM compliance for content and systems; includes normative material. |
This is a set of general or overview documents that apply to PRISM.
|
Document |
Description |
|
PRISM Compliance [PRISMCOMP] |
Describes three profiles of PRISM compliance for content and systems; includes normative material. |
This is the set of documents that outline the prism metadata fields and values by PRISM metadata category. PRISM has modularized its metadata specification by namepace so users may pick those modules that meet their unique business requirements without having to implement the entire PRISM specification.
|
Document |
Description |
|
PRISM Advertising Metadata Specification [PRISMADMS] |
Describes advertising metadata elements including those drawn from AdsML, GWG and Ad-ID; includes normative material. |
|
The PRISM Basic Metadata Specification [PRISMBMS] |
Describes the basic metadata elements contained in the PRISM namespace to describe article content; includes normative material. |
|
The PRISM Contract Management Metadata Specification [PRISMCMMS] |
Describes metadata elements from the PRISM Contract Management Metadata (pccm:) namespace that are used to describe contracts and legal documents. |
|
The PRISM Crafts Metadata Specification [PRISMCMS] |
Describes the metadata elements contained in the PRISM Crafts Metadata Namespace (pcm:). Includes normative material. |
|
The PRISM Subset of Dublin Core Metadata Specification [PRISMDCMS] |
Describes the metadata elements from the Dublin Core namespace that are included in PRISM; includes normative material. |
|
The PRISM Image Metadata Specification [PRISMIMS] |
Describes the metadata elements contained in the PRISM Metadata for Images Namespace and other related image namespaces, includes normative material. |
|
The PRISM Recipe Metadata Specification [PRISMRMS] |
Describes the metadata elements contained in the PRISM Recipe Metadata Namespace (prm:). Includes normative material. |
|
The PRISM Rights Summary Metadata Specification [PRISMRSMS] |
Describes the metadata elements contained in the PRISM Rights Summary Metadata Namespace (prsm:). Includes normative material. |
|
The PRISM Usage Rights Metadata Specification [PRISMURMS] |
Describes the metadata elements contained in the PRISM Usage Rights Namespace; includes normative material. This namespace will supersede elements in both the prism: and prl: namespaces in version 3.0 of the specification. Some elements from PUR are referenced from the newer, more comprehensive PRISM Rights Summary Metadata Specification [PRISMRSMS]. |
This module documents the PRISM Markup Elements and Attributes for use with the PRISM Aggregator Message (PAM) and other aggregator messages. This set of documents includes:
|
Document |
Description |
|
The PRISM PAM Markup Specification [PRISMPAMMS] |
Describes the XML elements and attributes used to encode the PRISM Aggregator Message from both the pam: and pim: namespaces; includes normative material. |
|
The PRISM PAM Markup for Web Content Specification [PRISMPAMWMS] |
Describes the XML elements and attributes used to encode the PRISM Aggregator Message for Web Content. This Specification draws from both the pam: and pim: namespaces and includes normative material. PAMW is used to automate the harvesting of Web Content so that it may be sent to aggregators or stored in a publishers PAM-based content management system. |
This module documents the PRISM Inline Markup Elements and Attributes for use with the PRISM Aggregator Message. This set of documents includes:
|
Document |
Description |
|
The PRISM Inline Markup Specification [PRISMIMS] |
Describes the XML elements used to encode the inline markup for the PRISM Aggregator Message. Includes normative material. |
These modules are new with PRISM 3.0. All controlled vocabularies and their terms are documented in this publication set.
|
Document |
Description |
|
The PRISM Controlled Vocabulary Markup Specification [PRISMCVMS] |
Describes the metadata fields in the PRISM Controlled Vocabulary Namespace that can be used to describe a controlled vocabulary. Actual PRISM controlled vocabularies are now placed in the PRISM Controlled Vocabularies Specification [PRISMCVS] |
|
The PRISM Controlled Vocabularies Specification [PRISMCVS] |
The PRISM Controlled Vocabularies are now documented in this document. |
In 2010, Idealliance developed a series of specifications collectively known as the PRISM Source Vocabulary. The use case for PSV is to encode semantically rich content for transformation and delivery to any platform. This Specification is made up of a modular documentation package that builds on PRISM 3.0 and HTML5. Over time new modules may be added to the documentation package. The documentation package for PSV, PRISM Source Vocabulary Specification Version 1.0 consists of:
|
Document |
Description |
|
PRISM Source Vocabulary Specification Overview [PSVSO] |
The Introduction to the PRISM Source Vocabulary provides an introduction and a non-technical overview of the PRISM Source Vocabulary. |
|
PRISM Source Vocabulary Specification [PSVS] |
The PRISM Source Vocabulary Specification defines semantically rich for source metadata and content markup that can be transformed and served to a wide variety of output devices including eReaders, mobile tablet devices, smart phones and print. |
|
PRISM Source Vocabulary Markup Specification [PSVMS] |
The PSV Markup Specification documents the XML tags in the PSV namespace that are used to encode XML Source Content. |
While PRISM is primarily a metadata specification, it also includes some XML schemas that define encoding of specific kinds of content for publication and interchange. The PRISM schemas include:
PRISM has defined 38 controlled vocabularies using PRISM controlled vocabulary markup. See The PRISM Controlled Vocabulary Specification [PRISMCVS]. All CVs are available in CVs.zip.
PRISM namespace declarations can be found in Namespaces.zip. The following are the recommended Namespaces for PRISM metadata:
|
Usage Vocabulary |
Namespace |
|
PRISM Basic Metadata |
basic: |
|
PRISM Aggregator Message (PAM) Markup |
pam: |
|
PRISM Controlled Vocabulary Markup |
pcv: |
|
PRISM Source Vocabulary |
psv” |
|
PRISM Inline Markup |
psm |
|
Dublin Core metadatap |
dc: |
|
RDF |
rdf: |
|
PAM aggregator/distributor package |
pamp: |
|
PRISM Crafts metadata |
pcm: |
|
PRISM Contract Management metadata |
pccm: |
|
PRISM advertising metadata |
prism-ad: |
|
PRISM rights language metadata |
prl: |
|
PRISM recipe metadata |
prm: |
|
PRISM usage rights metadata |
pur: |
In order to assist implementers develop a PSV-based federated content management solution, the nextPub Working Group is providing an XML Schema (XSD) that can serve as the basis for the design of a PSV content repository.
Note: The PSV CM schema is not designed for tagging content. It is provided simply to serve as a basis for the design of a content repository. Metadata building blocks from this schema can be combined with HTML5 by publishers who wish to develop a hybrid PSV metadata and content tagging schema.
Because PSV is a flexible framework, it supports many different use case scenarios. A different schema, using the PSV metadata fields and content encoding can be developed for each different use case. In order to assist PSV implementers, the nextPub Working Group is planning to provide a number of XML Schemas (XSDs) to support common use cases including tagging an article and transmitting articles to content aggregators.
The purpose of this document is to describe the XML markup elements that the PRISM Working Group has defined to encode a PRISM Controlled Vocabulary.
All element definitions appear in a uniform format. Each element definition begins with two fields – the Name and the Identifier of the element. The Name is a human-readable string that can be translated into different languages. Also, note that PRISM does NOT require that users be presented with the same labels. The Identifier is a protocol element. It is an XML element type and MUST be given as shown, modulo the normal allowance for variations in the namespace prefix used.
Changes in this document include:
The PRISM Controlled Vocabulary provides a mechanism for describing and conveying all or a portion of a controlled vocabulary or an authority file. This may be used to define entire new taxonomies, or it may be used to optimize the final speed of the system by caching useful information from externally-held vocabularies.
The recommended PRISM namespace for PRISM Controlled Vocabulary is:
xmlns:pcv=”http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/pcv/3.0/”
Two PRISM profiles are documented in this section. PRISM Profile #1 (XML) is documented. PRISM Profile #2 (RDF/XML) is also documented in this section. In combining XML with RDF, there is far greater flexibility in tagging than we are used to when we define XML elements and attributes with an XML DTD. The remainder of this section contains the most likely element/attribute models for PRISM Profile #2. Other profile 2 models are possible based on the interaction between XML and RDF.
PRISM Profile #3 (XMP) does not apply to the controlled vocabulary namespace. Expression of controlled vocabularies in XMP is not directly implementable.
Note: PRISM element types are specified in camel case, for example prism:broaderTerm. The exception is that when elements denote Classes in the sense of the RDF Schema [W3C-RDFS], they must begin with an uppercase letter. The only PRISM element to do so is pcv:Descriptor, because it denotes an RDF Class, it does not require rdf:parseType to be indicated.
|
Name |
Broader Term |
|
Identifier |
pcv:broaderTerm |
|
Definition |
Links to a broader (more general) taxon in the vocabulary. For example, from a taxon for 'dog' to one for 'mammal'. |
|
Occurrence |
Occurs 0 or more times per controlled vocabulary term definition |
|
Comment |
This element is used to show relationships between entries (aka terms or taxons) in a controlled vocabulary. That is why they are defined using rdf:resource. Identifiers must be declared for the terms being related and for those identifiers when referring to the terms. Implementers should note that more than one pcv:broaderTerm link IS ALLOWED. This means that polyhierarchic structures are possible. However, sets of pcv:broaderTerms that generate infinite cycles are forbidden. In other words, an ancestor cannot be a descendent. |
|
Included in PAM? |
No |
|
Included in PSV? |
No |
|
Profile #1 (XML) |
|
|
Element Content |
String |
|
Attributes |
None |
|
Example |
This is the model for the “Astrophysics” term in a controlled vocabulary. Note that there are several labels in different languages (the default happens to be English) and more than one broader term. Only one linguistically neutral unique code is allowed.
<pcv:Descriptor> <pcv:label xml:lang=“x-default“>Astrophysics</pcv:label> <pcv:label xml:lang=“FR“>Astrophysique</pcv:label> <pcv:broaderTerm>Physics</pcv:broaderTerm> <pcv:broaderTerm>Astronomy</pcv:broaderTerm> <pcv:narrowerTerm>Cosmology</pcv:narrowerTerm> <pcv:synonym>celestial mechanics</pcv:synonym> <pcv:definition>Includes cosmology; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.</pcv:definition> <pcv:code>84</pcv:code> </pcv:Descriptor> |
|
Profile #2 (RDF) |
|
|
Model #1 |
|
|
Element Content |
URI Resource (no element content) |
|
Attributes |
Resource Reference.(rdf:resource) |
|
Occurs In |
pcv:Descriptor |
|
Occurrence |
May occur 0 or many times |
|
Example |
This is the model for the “Astrophysics” term in a controlled vocabulary. Note that there are several labels in different languages (the default happens to be English) and more than one broader term. Only one linguistically neutral unique code is allowed.
Model #1 <pcv:Descriptor rdf:ID="Astrophysics"> <rdf:alt> <li><pcv:label xml:lang=“x-default“>Astrophysics</pcv:label></li> <li><pcv:label xml:lang=“FR“>Astrophysique</pcv:label><li> </rdf:alt> <rdf:bag> <li><pcv:broaderTerm rdf:resource="termlist.xml#Physics"/></li> <li><pcv:broaderTerm rdf:resource=”termlist.xml#Astronomy”/></li> </rdf:bag> <pcv:narrowerTerm rdf:resource="#Cosmology"/> <pcv:synonym>celestial mechanics</pcv:synonym> <pcv:definition>Includes cosmology; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.</pcv:definition> <pcv:code>84</pcv:code> </pcv:Descriptor> |
|
Name |
Code |
|
Identifier |
pcv:code |
|
Definition |
Provides a unique linguistically neutral machine-readable identifier for the term within the vocabulary. |
|
Occurrence |
Occurs 0 or 1 time per controlled vocabulary term definition |
|
Comment |
This is usually an alphanumeric code, or a purely numeric one. However, markup is still allowed because of BiDi and Ruby considerations. |
|
Included in PAM? |
No |
|
Included in PSV? |
No |
|
Profile #1 (XML) |
|
|
Element Content |
String |
|
Attributes |
None |
|
Example |
This is the model for the “Astrophysics” term in a controlled vocabulary. Note that there are several labels in different languages (the default happens to be English) and more than one broader term. Only one linguistically neutral unique code is allowed.
<pcv:Descriptor> <pcv:label xml:lang=“x-default“>Astrophysics</pcv:label> <pcv:label xml:lang=“FR“>Astrophysique</pcv:label> <pcv:broaderTerm>Physics</pcv:broaderTerm> <pcv:broaderTerm>Astronomy</pcv:broaderTerm> <pcv:narrowerTerm>Cosmology</pcv:narrowerTerm> <pcv:synonym>celestial mechanics</pcv:synonym> <pcv:definition>Includes cosmology; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.</pcv:definition> <pcv:code>84</pcv:code> </pcv:Descriptor> |
|
Profile #2 (RDF) |
|
|
Model #1 |
|
|
Element Content |
Plain Literal |
|
Attributes |
xml:lang (optional) designed for identifying the human language used |
|
Example |
This is the model for the “Astrophysics” term in a controlled vocabulary. Note that there are several labels in different languages (the default happens to be English) and more than one broader term. Only one linguistically neutral unique code is allowed.
Model #1 <pcv:Descriptor rdf:ID="Astrophysics"> <rdf:alt> <li><pcv:label xml:lang=“x-default“>Astrophysics</pcv:label></li> <li><pcv:label xml:lang=“FR“>Astrophysique</pcv:label><li> </rdf:alt> <rdf:bag> <li><pcv:broaderTerm rdf:resource="termlist.xml#Physics"/></li> <li><pcv:broaderTerm rdf:resource=”termlist.xml#Astronomy”/></li> </rdf:bag> <pcv:narrowerTerm rdf:resource="#Cosmology"/> <pcv:synonym>celestial mechanics</pcv:synonym> <pcv:definition>Includes cosmology; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.</pcv:definition> <pcv:code>84</pcv:code> </pcv:Descriptor> |
|
Name |
Definition |
|
|
Identifier |
pcv:definition |
|
|
Definition |
Provides a human-readable definition for the item in the vocabulary. |
|
|
Occurrence |
Occurs 0 or 1 time per controlled vocabulary term definition |
|
|
Comment |
Multiple definitions for the same term can be given, but PRISM recommended practice is only to do so when it has different values of the xml:lang attribute. For profile 1, just repeat the pcv:definition element multiple times. Definitions are a place where embedded markup is very likely - paragraph breaks being especially common. For such embedded markup, recommended practice is to use elements from the XHTML namespace. The rdf:parseType attribute MUST be given the value of ‘Literal’ when embedded markup is used. |
|
|
Included in PAM? |
No |
|
|
Included in PSV? |
No |
|
|
Profile #1 (XML) |
|
|
|
Element Content |
String |
|
|
Attributes |
None |
|
|
Example |
This is the model for the “Astrophysics” term in a controlled vocabulary. Note that there are several labels in different languages (the default happens to be English) and more than one broader term. Only one linguistically neutral unique code is allowed.
<pcv:Descriptor> <pcv:label xml:lang=“x-default“>Astrophysics</pcv:label> <pcv:label xml:lang=“FR“>Astrophysique</pcv:label> <pcv:broaderTerm>Physics</pcv:broaderTerm> <pcv:broaderTerm>Astronomy</pcv:broaderTerm> <pcv:narrowerTerm>Cosmology</pcv:narrowerTerm> <pcv:synonym>celestial mechanics</pcv:synonym> <pcv:definition>Includes cosmology; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.</pcv:definition> <pcv:code>84</pcv:code> </pcv:Descriptor> |
|
|
Profile #2 (RDF) |
|
|
|
Model #1 |
|
|
|
Element Content |
Plain Literal |
|
|
Attributes |
xml:lang (optional) designed for identifying the human language used |
|
|
Example
|
This is the model for the “Astrophysics” term in a controlled vocabulary. Note that there are several labels in different languages (the default happens to be English) and more than one broader term. Only one linguistically neutral unique code is allowed.
Model #1 <pcv:Descriptor rdf:ID="Astrophysics"> <rdf:alt> <li><pcv:label xml:lang=“x-default“>Astrophysics</pcv:label></li> <li><pcv:label xml:lang=“FR“>Astrophysique</pcv:label><li> </rdf:alt> <rdf:bag> <li><pcv:broaderTerm rdf:resource="termlist.xml#Physics"/></li> <li><pcv:broaderTerm rdf:resource="termlist.xml#Astronomy"/></li> </rdf:bag> <pcv:narrowerTerm rdf:resource="#Cosmology"/> <pcv:synonym>celestial mechanics</pcv:synonym> <pcv:definition>Includes cosmology; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.</pcv:definition> <pcv:code>84</pcv:code> </pcv:Descriptor> |
|
|
Name |
Descriptor |
|
|
Identifier |
pcv:Descriptor |
|
|
Definition |
Represents an entry, formally called a taxon, in a controlled vocabulary. pcv:Descriptor is the container for all the PCV elements used to define or describe such an entry. |
|
|
Occurrence |
Occurs 0 or 1 time per controlled vocabulary term definition |
|
|
Comment |
There are two main uses of pcv:Descriptor, corresponding to the two different attributes. When the rdf:ID attribute is used, the pcv:Descriptor provides the definition of the taxon. The URI reference used in the rdf:ID attribute should be used by any other elements wishing to refer to the taxon. When the rdf:about attribute is used, pcv:Descriptor is a description of a taxon that is defined elsewhere. That external definition does NOT have to be made using the PCV elements. Unlike all other PRISM metadata fields, the field name for “Descriptor” must be capitalized because it maps to the RDF “Descriptor” typedNode. |
|
|
Included in PAM? |
No |
|
|
Included in PSV? |
No |
|
|
Profile #1 (XML) |
|
|
|
Element Content |
String |
|
|
Attributes |
None |
|
|
Example |
This is the model for the “Astrophysics” term in a controlled vocabulary. Note that there are several labels in different languages (the default happens to be English) and more than one broader term. Only one linguistically neutral unique code is allowed.
<pcv:Descriptor> <pcv:label xml:lang=“x-default“>Astrophysics</pcv:label> <pcv:label xml:lang=“FR“>Astrophysique</pcv:label> <pcv:broaderTerm>Physics</pcv:broaderTerm> <pcv:broaderTerm>Astronomy</pcv:broaderTerm> <pcv:narrowerTerm>Cosmology</pcv:narrowerTerm> <pcv:synonym>celestial mechanics</pcv:synonym> <pcv:definition>Includes cosmology; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.</pcv:definition> <pcv:code>84</pcv:code> </pcv:Descriptor> |
|
|
Profile #2 (RDF) |
|
|
|
Model #1 |
|
|
|
Element Content |
Blank Node (made up of other elements from the pcv: namespace) |
|
|
Attributes |
rdf:ID |
|
|
Example:
|
This is the model for the “Astrophysics” term in a controlled vocabulary. Note that there are several labels in different languages (the default happens to be English) and more than one broader term. Only one linguistically neutral unique code is allowed.
Model #1 <pcv:Descriptor rdf:ID="Astrophysics"> <rdf:alt> <li><pcv:label xml:lang=“x-default“>Astrophysics</pcv:label></li> <li><pcv:label xml:lang=“FR“>Astrophysique</pcv:label><li> </rdf:alt> <rdf:bag> <li><pcv:broaderTerm rdf:resource="termlist.xml#Physics"/></li> <li><pcv:broaderTerm rdf:resource="termlist.xml#Astronomy"/></li> </rdf:bag> <pcv:narrowerTerm rdf:resource="#Cosmology"/> <pcv:synonym>celestial mechanics</pcv:synonym> <pcv:definition>Includes cosmology; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.</pcv:definition> <pcv:code>84</pcv:code> </pcv:Descriptor> |
|
|
Model #2 |
|
|
|
Element Content |
Blank Node (made up of other elements from the pcv: namespace) |
|
|
Attributes |
rdf:about |
|
|
Example |
<pcv:Descriptor rdf:about=”http://loc.gov/LC/QA-76”> <pcv:vocabulary>Library of Congress Classification</pcv:vocabulary> <pcv:code>QA-p76</pcv:code> <pcv:label>Mathematical software</pcv:label> </pcv:Descriptor> |
|
|
Name |
Label |
|
|
Identifier |
pcv:label |
|
|
Definition |
Provides a human-readable label for a term in the vocabulary. |
|
|
Occurrence |
Occurs 0 or more times per controlled vocabulary term definition |
|
|
Comment |
Multiple labels can be provided, but typically this will be done when they bear different xml:lang attributes. Most vocabularies will have only one preferred term for a concept. For example, “Mad Cow Disease” is more properly referred to as “Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy.” The <pcv:label element SHALL be used for any preferred labels for a concept, whether there are multiple terms in a single language or not. For all alternate labels, use the <pcv:synonym element. For Profile #1, just repeat the pcv:label element multiple times. For Profile#2, if there is more than one label with different values for xml:lang, PRISM recommends listing the multiple locations inside one pcv:label element using the RDF container rdf:Seq, rdf:Bag, or rdf:Alt to be XMP compatible. |
|
|
Included in PAM? |
No |
|
|
Included in PSV? |
No |
|
|
Profile #1 (XML) |
|
|
|
Element Content |
String |
|
|
Attributes |
None |
|
|
Example |
This is the model for the “Astrophysics” term in a controlled vocabulary. Note that there are several labels in different languages (the default happens to be English) and more than one broader term. Only one linguistically neutral unique code is allowed.
<pcv:Descriptor> <pcv:label xml:lang=“x-default“>Astrophysics</pcv:label> <pcv:label xml:lang=“FR“>Astrophysique</pcv:label> <pcv:broaderTerm>Physics</pcv:broaderTerm> <pcv:broaderTerm>Astronomy</pcv:broaderTerm> <pcv:narrowerTerm>Cosmology</pcv:narrowerTerm> <pcv:synonym>celestial mechanics</pcv:synonym> <pcv:definition>Includes cosmology; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.</pcv:definition> <pcv:code>84</pcv:code> </pcv:Descriptor> |
|
|
Profile #2 (RDF) |
|
|
|
Model #1 |
|
|
|
Element Content |
Plain Literal |
|
|
Attributes |
xml:lang (optional) designed for identifying the human language used |
|
|
Model #2 |
|
|
|
Element Content |
XML Literal |
|
|
Attributes |
rdf:parseType=”Literal” |
|
|
Occurs In |
pcv:Descriptor |
|
|
Example
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This is the model for the “Astrophysics” term in a controlled vocabulary. Note that there are several labels in different languages (the default happens to be English) and more than one broader term. Only one linguistically neutral unique code is allowed.
Model #1 <pcv:Descriptor rdf:ID="Astrophysics"> <rdf:alt> <li><pcv:label xml:lang=“x-default“>Astrophysics</pcv:label></li> <li><pcv:label xml:lang=“FR“>Astrophysique</pcv:label><li> </rdf:alt> <rdf:bag> <li><pcv:broaderTerm rdf:resource="termlist.xml#Physics"/></li> <li><pcv:broaderTerm rdf:resource=”termlist.xml#Astronomy”/></li> </rdf:bag> <pcv:synonym>celestial mechanics</pcv:synonym> <pcv:definition>Includes cosmology; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.</pcv:definition> <pcv:code>84</pcv:code> </pcv:Descriptor> |
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Name |
Narrower Term |
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Identifier |
pcv:narrowerTerm |
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Definition |
Links to a narrower (more specific) concept in the vocabulary. For example, from 'dog' to 'Dalmatian'. |
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Occurrence |
Occurs 0 or more times per controlled vocabulary term definition |
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Comment |
This element is used to show relationships between entries (aka terms or taxons) in a controlled vocabulary. That is why they are defined using rdf:resource. Identifiers must be declared for the terms being related and for those identifiers when referring to the terms. Multiple pcv:narrowerTerm links are allowed. pcv:narrowerTerm and pcv:broaderTerm are the inverse of each other. Cycles of pcv:narrowerTerms are forbidden. For Profile #1, just repeat the pcv:narrowerTerm element multiple times. For Profile #2, if there is more than one narrowerTerm with different values, PRISM recommends listing the multiple terms inside one pcv:narrowerTerm element using the RDF container rdf:Seq, rdf:Bag, or rdf:Alt to be XMP compatible. |
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Included in PAM? |
No |
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Included in PSV? |
No |
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Profile #1 (XML) |
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Element Content |
String |
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Attributes |
None |
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Example |
This is the model for the “Astrophysics” term in a controlled vocabulary. Note that there are several labels in different languages (the default happens to be English) and more than one broader term. Only one linguistically neutral unique code is allowed.
<pcv:Descriptor> <pcv:label xml:lang=“x-default“>Astrophysics</pcv:label> <pcv:label xml:lang=“FR“>Astrophysique</pcv:label> <pcv:broaderTerm>Physics</pcv:broaderTerm> <pcv:broaderTerm>Astronomy</pcv:broaderTerm> <pcv:narrowerTerm>Cosmology</pcv:narrowerTerm> <pcv:synonym>celestial mechanics</pcv:synonym> <pcv:definition>Includes cosmology; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.</pcv:definition> <pcv:code>84</pcv:code> </pcv:Descriptor> |
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Profile #2 (RDF) |
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Model #1 |
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Element Content |
URI Resource (no element content) |
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Attributes |
Resource Reference.(rdf:resource) |
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Occurs In |
pcv:Descriptor |
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Example
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This is the model for the “Astrophysics” term in a controlled vocabulary. Note that there are several labels in different languages (the default happens to be English) and more than one broader term. Only one linguistically neutral unique code is allowed.
Model #1 <pcv:Descriptor rdf:ID="Astrophysics"> <rdf:alt> <li><pcv:label xml:lang=“x-default“>Astrophysics</pcv:label></li> <li><pcv:label xml:lang=“FR“>Astrophysique</pcv:label><li> </rdf:alt> <rdf:bag> <li><pcv:broaderTerm rdf:resource="termlist.xml#Physics"/></li> <li><pcv:broaderTerm rdf:resource=”termlist.xml#Astronomy”/></li> </rdf:bag> <pcv:narrowerTerm rdf:resource="#Cosmology"/> <pcv:synonym>celestial mechanics</pcv:synonym> <pcv:definition>Includes cosmology; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.</pcv:definition> <pcv:code>84</pcv:code> </pcv:Descriptor> |
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Name |
Related Term |
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Identifier |
pcv:relatedTerm |
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Definition |
Links to a related term in the vocabulary, where the nature of the relation is not specified. |
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Occurrence |
Occurs 0 or more times |
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Comment |
Where possible, PRISM recommends this element not be used. Elements that specify the relation more precisely are preferred. There is, however, difficulty in precisely identifying the exact nature of the relationship between obviously related words, such as farm and farmer. Therefore, pcv:relatedTerm should be used infrequently. |
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Included in PAM? |
No |
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Included in PSV? |
No |
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Profile #1 (XML) |
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Element Content |
String |
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Attributes |
None |
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Example |
This is the model for the “Astrophysics” term in a controlled vocabulary. Note that there are several labels in different languages (the default happens to be English) and more than one broader term. Only one linguistically neutral unique code is allowed.
<pcv:Descriptor rdf:ID=”Astrophysics”> <pcv:label xml:lang=“x-default“>Astrophysics</pcv:label> <pcv:label xml:lang=“FR“>Astrophysique</pcv:label> <pcv:broaderTerm>Physics</pcv:broaderTerm> <pcv:relatedTerm>Plasma Physics</pcv:relatedTerm> <pcv:broaderTerm>Astronomy</pcv:broaderTerm> <pcv:narrowerTerm>Cosmology</pcv:narrowerTerm> <pcv:synonym>celestial mechanics</pcv:synonym> <pcv:definition>Includes cosmology; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.</pcv:definition> <pcv:code>84</pcv:code> </pcv:Descriptor> |
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Profile #2 (RDF) |
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Model #1 |
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Element Content |
URI Resource (no element content) |
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Attributes |
Resource Reference.(rdf:resource) |
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Occurs In |
pcv:Descriptor |
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Example
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This is the model for the “Astrophysics” term in a controlled vocabulary. Note that there are several labels in different languages (the default happens to be English) and more than one broader term. Only one linguistically neutral unique code is allowed.
Model #1 <pcv:Descriptor rdf:about="Astrophysics"> <rdf:alt> <li><pcv:label xml:lang=“x-default“>Astrophysics</pcv:label></li> <li><pcv:label xml:lang=“FR“>Astrophysique</pcv:label><li> </rdf:alt> <pcv:relatedTerm>Plasma Physics</pcv:relatedTerm> <rdf:bag> <li><pcv:broaderTerm rdf:resource="termlist.xml#Physics"/></li> <li><pcv:broaderTerm rdf:resource=”termlist.xml#Astronomy”/></li> </rdf:bag> <pcv:narrowerTerm rdf:resource="#Cosmology"/> <pcv:synonym>celestial mechanics</pcv:synonym> <pcv:definition>Includes cosmology; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.</pcv:definition> <pcv:code>84</pcv:code> </pcv:Descriptor> |
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Name |
Synonym |
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Identifier |
pcv:synonym |
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Definition |
Alternate labels (synonyms) for the same vocabulary term. While semantically equivalent, the synonyms are not the preferred terms for the concept. See pcv:label for more on preferred vs. alternate terms. The synonyms are used to increase the likelihood of matching to the proper controlled vocabulary term. |
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Occurrence |
Occurs 0 or more times |
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Comment |
For Profile #1, just repeat the pcv:synonym element multiple times. For Profile #2, if there is more than one synonym with different values, PRISM recommends listing the multiple terms inside one pcv:synonym element using the RDF container rdf:Seq, rdf:Bag, or rdf:Alt to be XMP compatible. |
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Included in PAM? |
No |
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Included in PSV? |
No |
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Profile #1 (XML) |
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Element Content |
String |
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Attribtes |
None |
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Example |
This is the model for the “Astrophysics” term in a controlled vocabulary. Note that there are several labels in different languages (the default happens to be English) and more than one broader term. Only one linguistically neutral unique code is allowed.
<pcv:Descriptor> <pcv:label xml:lang=“x-default“>Astrophysics</pcv:label> <pcv:label xml:lang=“FR“>Astrophysique</pcv:label> <pcv:broaderTerm>Physics</pcv:broaderTerm> <pcv:broaderTerm>Astronomy</pcv:broaderTerm> <pcv:narrowerTerm>Cosmology</pcv:narrowerTerm> <pcv:synonym>celestial mechanics</pcv:synonym> <pcv:definition>Includes cosmology; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.</pcv:definition> <pcv:code>84</pcv:code> </pcv:Descriptor> |
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Profile #2 (RDF) |
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Model #1 |
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Element Content |
Plain Literal |
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Attributes |
xml:lang (optional) designed for identifying the human language used |
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Occurs In |
pcv:Descriptor |
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Example
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This is the model for the “Astrophysics” term in a controlled vocabulary. Note that there are several labels in different languages (the default happens to be English) and more than one broader term. Only one linguistically neutral unique code is allowed.
Model #1 <pcv:Descriptor rdf:ID="Astrophysics"> <rdf:alt> <li><pcv:label xml:lang=“x-default“>Astrophysics</pcv:label></li> <li><pcv:label xml:lang=“FR“>Astrophysique</pcv:label><li> </rdf:alt> <rdf:bag> <li><pcv:broaderTerm rdf:resource="termlist.xml#Physics"/></li> <li><pcv:broaderTerm rdf:resource=”termlist.xml#Astronomy”/></li> </rdf:bag> <pcv:narrowerTerm rdf:resource="#Cosmology"/> <pcv:synonym>celestial mechanics</pcv:synonym> <pcv:definition>Includes cosmology; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.</pcv:definition> <pcv:code>84</pcv:code> </pcv:Descriptor> |
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Name |
Vocabulary |
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Identifier |
pcv:vocabulary |
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Definition |
Provides a human-readable string identifying the vocabulary from which the term is derived. |
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Occurrence |
Occurs 0 or more times |
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Comment |
The pcv:vocabulary element is not expected to be used when defining the taxons in a vocabulary. It is expected to be used when providing small, in-line, descriptions of those taxons so that a reader may be able to track down a complete copy if they do not already own one. In the example below the taxon is defined elsewhere (rdf:about is a link to the definition). Here pcv:vocabulary provides a readable definition of what is defined in that taxon. |
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Included in PAM? |
No |
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Included in PSV? |
No |
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Profile #1 (XML) |
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Element Content |
String |
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Attribtes |
None |
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Example |
<pcv:vocabulary>Library of Congress Classification</pcv:vocabulary> |
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Profile #2 (RDF) |
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Model #1 |
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Element Content |
Plain Literal |
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Attributes |
xml:lang (optional) designed for identifying the human language used |
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Occurs In |
pcv:Descriptor |
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Example |
<pcv:Descriptor rdf:about=”http://loc.gov/LC/QA-76”> <pcv:vocabulary>Library of Congress Classification</pcv:vocabulary> <pcv:code>QA-p76</pcv:code> <pcv:label>Mathematical software</pcv:label> </pcv:Descriptor> |
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The following is an example of how to define a controlled vocabulary using the PRISM Controlled Vocabulary Language. The PRISM Resource Category describes the genre, or the stereotypical form of the intellectual content of the resource. Sample genres include obituaries, biographies, and movie reviews. The Resource Category values form a controlled vocabulary for the prism:category element, defined by the PRISM specification.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
PRISM Controlled Vocabulary of content genres. The base URL for this vocabulary is <http://prismstandard.org/vocabularies/2.0/genre.xml-->
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:pcv="http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/pcv/2.0/">
<pcv:Descriptor rdf:ID="abstract">
<pcv:label>abstract</pcv:label>
<pcv:definition>A section featuring the most important points of a work. [IPTC-NewsML]</pcv:definition>
</pcv:Descriptor>
<pcv:Descriptor rdf:ID="acknowledgement">
<pcv:label>acknowledgement</pcv:label>
<pcv:definition>Written recognition of acts or achievements. [AAT]</pcv:definition>
</pcv:Descriptor>
<pcv:Descriptor rdf:ID="advertisement">
<pcv:label>advertisement</pcv:label>
<pcv:definition>Piece of material whose presence is paid for. [IPTC-NewsML]</pcv:definition>
</pcv:Descriptor>
<pcv:Descriptor rdf:ID="analysis">
<pcv:label>analysis</pcv:label>
<pcv:definition> Articles which cover a topic in depth by dividing it into parts for detailed examination</pcv:definition>
</pcv:Descriptor>
<pcv:Descriptor rdf:ID="authorBio">
<pcv:label>authorBio</pcv:label>
<pcv:definition>Brief text about the author of a work.</pcv:definition>
</pcv:Descriptor>
<pcv:Descriptor rdf:ID="autobiography">
<pcv:label>autobiography</pcv:label>
<pcv:definition>Biography of an individual written by himself or herself. [AAT]</pcv:definition>
</pcv:Descriptor>
<pcv:Descriptor rdf:ID="bibliography">
<pcv:label>bibliography</pcv:label>
<pcv:definition>A section describing lists of books or other textual materials arranged in some logical order giving brief information about the works, such as author, date, publisher, and place of publication; may be works by a particular author, or on a particular topic. [AAT]</pcv:definition>
</pcv:Descriptor>
</rdf:RDF>