The presentation of this document has been augmented to identify changes from a previous version. Three kinds of changes are highlighted: new, added text, changed text, and deleted text.


W3C

XProc: An XML Pipeline Language

W3C Working Draft (with revision marks) 1 May 2008

This Version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-xproc-20080501/
Latest Version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/xproc/
Previous versions:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-xproc-20071129/
http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-xproc-20070920/
http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-xproc-20070706/
http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-xproc-20070405/
Editors:
Norman Walsh, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Alex Milowski, Invited expert
Henry S. Thompson, University of Edinburgh

This document is also available in these non-normative formats: XML, Revision markup


Abstract

This specification describes the syntax and semantics of XProc: An XML Pipeline Language, a language for describing operations to be performed on XML documents.

An XML Pipeline specifies a sequence of operations to be performed on zero or more XML documents. Pipelines generally accept zero or more XML documents as input and produce zero or more XML documents as output. Pipelines are made up of simple steps which perform atomic operations on XML documents and constructs similar to conditionals, iteration, and exception handlers which control which steps are executed.

Status of this Document

This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.

This document was produced by the XML Processing Model Working Group which is part of the XML Activity. Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.

Since the last public working draft, the Working Group has considered severalGroup hundred commentsdecided in nearly 150 threads. We've responded to many of these by changing the specification. Some of the significant changes insupport XPath this draft1.0 are:

  1. Removedas implicit pipeline inputs and outputs. See Section 2.3, “Primary Inputs and Outputs”.

  2. Supportrelaxed either XPaththe two 1.0 or XPath 2.0 as the pipeline expression language. step.

  3. SupportThe Working Group has not both XSLT 1.0 and XSLTthe outstanding 2.0 on a single p:xsltdraft step.

  4. Addedparticular a p:languagesuch system property.

  5. Addedpervasive fixup-xml-baseimpact and fixup-xml-lang optionsthe to p:xinclude.that

  6. Renamedit c:http-requesthas and c:http-responsedecided to simply c:requestpublish and c:response.

  7. Addednew psvi-requireddraft attribute to pipelines.

  8. Fairlyin substantial syntax changes.expose this A p:pipelineUser is now justimplementor syntactic sugar for a particular p:declare-step.be most valuable.

    The
  9. Changedfollowing definition of p:errorreflected to better addressthis localization issues. draft:

  10. SignificantlyAttempt to reworkedsupport both the syntax and semanticsXPath 2.0; of variables, options, andbe done, parameters. Added p:variable. Support both Imposed a syntactic distinction betweenXSLT declaration (p:option)in and use (p:with-option/p:with-paramp:xslt) of options and parameters.step.

  11. Clarified the scope of variables and options. .

  12. Removed value attribute from p:variable, p:option, p:with-option, and p:with-param.

  13. Removed automatic declaration of parameter input ports.on p:input.

  14. Added p:base-uri and p:resolve-uri. functionsAdded to supportp:language (XPath 1.0) pipelines that need access to the base URI of documents. property.

  15. RemovedAdded fixup-xml-base ignored namespaces,fixup-xml-lang options added p:pipeinfo.

  16. RedefinedRenamed c:http-request the p:label-elements stepand c:http-response to use a step-local variable in the XPath context. c:response.

Please send comments about this document to public-xml-processing-model-comments@w3.org (public archives are available).

This document was produced by a group operating under the 5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy. W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy.


Table of Contents

Introduction
Pipeline Concepts
2.1 Steps
2.1.1 Step names
2.2 Inputs and Outputs
2.2.1 External Documents
2.3 Primary Inputs and Outputs
2.4 Connections
2.4.1 Namespace Fixup on Outputs
2.5 Environment
2.6 XPaths in XProc
2.6.1 Processor XPath Context
2.6.2 Step XPath Context
2.6.3 XPath Extension Functions
2.7 Variables
2.8 Options
2.9 Parameters
2.10 Security Considerations
2.11 Versioning Considerations
Syntax Overview
3.1 XProc Namespaces
3.2 Scoping of Names
3.3 Base URIs and xml:base
3.4 Unique identifiers
3.5 Associating Documents with Ports
3.6 Documentation
3.7 Processor annotations
3.8 Extension attributes
3.9 Syntax Summaries
Steps
4.1 p:pipeline
4.2 p:for-each
4.2.1 XPath Context
4.3 p:viewport
4.3.1 XPath Context
4.4 p:choose
4.4.1 p:xpath-context
4.4.2 p:when
4.4.3 p:otherwise
4.5 p:group
4.6 p:try
4.6.1 The Error Vocabulary
4.7 Atomic Steps
4.8 ExtensionPipelines Steps
4.8.1 Syntactic Shortcut for Option Values
Other pipeline elements
5.1 p:input
5.1.1 Documentdeclaration and a binding. In other contexts, it is only Inputs
5.1.2 Parameter Inputs
5.2 p:iteration-source
5.3 p:viewport-source
5.4 p:output
5.5 p:log
5.6 p:serialization
5.7 Variables, Options,Options and Parameters
5.7.1 p:variable
5.7.2 p:optionDeclaring Options
5.7.3 p:with-option
5.7.4 p:with-param
5.7.5 Namespaces on variables, options, and parametersNamespaces
5.8 p:declare-step
5.8.1 Declaringuntyped atomic steps
5.8.2 Declaring pipelines
5.9 p:library
5.10 p:import
5.11 p:pipe
5.12 p:inline
5.13 p:document
5.14 p:empty
5.15 p:documentation
5.16 p:pipeinfo
Errors
6.1 Static Errors
6.2 Dynamic Errors
6.3 Step Errors
Standard Step Library
7.1 Required Steps
7.1.1 p:add-attribute
7.1.2 p:add-xml-base
7.1.3 p:compare
7.1.4 p:count
7.1.5 p:delete
7.1.6 p:directory-list
7.1.7 p:error
7.1.8 p:escape-markup
7.1.9 p:http-request
7.1.10 p:identity
7.1.11 p:insert
7.1.12 p:label-elements
7.1.13 p:load
7.1.14 p:make-absolute-uris
7.1.15 p:namespace-rename
7.1.16 p:pack
7.1.17 p:parameters
7.1.18 p:rename
7.1.19 p:replace
7.1.20 p:set-attributes
7.1.21 p:sink
7.1.22 p:split-sequence
7.1.23 p:store
7.1.24 p:string-replace
7.1.25 p:unescape-markup
7.1.26 p:unwrap
7.1.27 p:wrap
7.1.28 p:wrap-sequence
7.1.29 p:xinclude
7.1.30 p:xslt
7.2 Optional Steps
7.2.1 p:exec
7.2.2 p:hash
7.2.3 p:uuid
7.2.4 p:validate-with-relax-ng
7.2.5 p:validate-with-schematron
7.2.6 p:validate-with-xml-schema
7.2.7 p:www-form-urldecode
7.2.8 p:www-form-urlencode
7.2.9 p:xquery
7.2.10 p:xsl-formatter
7.3 Serialization Options

Appendices

1 Introduction

An XML Pipeline specifies a sequence of operations to be performed on a collection of XML input documents. Pipelines take zero or more XML documents as their input and produce zero or more XML documents as their output.

A pipeline consists of steps. Like pipelines, steps take zero or more XML documents as their inputs and produce zero or more XML documents as their outputs. The inputs of a step come from the web, from the pipeline document, from the inputs to the pipeline itself, or from the outputs of other steps in the pipeline. The outputs from a step are consumed by other steps, are outputs of the pipeline as a whole, or are discarded.

There are two kinds of steps: atomic steps and compound steps. Atomic steps carry out single operations and have no substructure as far as the pipeline is concerned, whereas compound steps control the execution of other steps, which they include in the form of one or more subpipelines.

This specification defines a standard library, Section 7, “Standard Step Library”, of steps. Pipeline implementations may support additional types of steps as well.

Figure 1, “A simple, linear XInclude/Validate pipeline” is a graphical representation of a simple pipeline that performs XInclude processing and validation on a document.

A simple, linear XInclude/Validate pipeline
Figure 1. A simple, linear XInclude/Validate pipeline

This is a pipeline that consists of two atomic steps, XInclude and and Validate with XML Schema.Validate. The pipeline itself has two inputs, “source” (a source document) document) and “schemas” (a sequence of W3C XML Schemas). How inputs are connected to XML documents outside the pipeline is implementation-defined. The XInclude step reads the pipeline input “source” and produces a result document. The Validate with XML Schema step reads the pipeline input “schemas” and the the result of the XInclude step and produces its own a result document. The result of the validation, “result”, is the result of the pipeline. (For consistency across the step vocabulary, the standard input is usually named “source” and and the standard output is usually named “result”.)

The pipeline document for this pipeline is shown in Example 1, “A simple, linear XInclude/Validate pipeline”.

Example 1. A simple, linear XInclude/Validate pipeline
<p:declare-step xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc"
           name="xinclude-and-validate">
  <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
  <p:input port="schemas" sequence="true"/>
  <p:output port="result">
    <p:pipe step="validated" port="result"/>
  </p:output>

  <p:xinclude name="included">
    <p:input port="source">
      <p:pipe step="xinclude-and-validate" port="source"/>
    </p:input>
  </p:xinclude>

  <p:validate-with-xml-schema name="validated">
    <p:input port="source">
      <p:pipe step="included" port="result"/>
    </p:input>
    <p:input port="schema">
      <p:pipe step="xinclude-and-validate" port="schemas"/>
    </p:input>
  </p:validate-with-xml-schema>
</p:declare-step>


The example in Example 1, “A simple, linear XInclude/Validate pipeline” is very verbose. It makes all of the connections seen in the figure explicit. In practice, pipelines do not have to be this verbose. XProc supports defaults for many common cases:

  • If you use p:pipeline instead of p:declare-step, the “source” input port and “result” output port are implicitly declared for you.

  • Where inputs and outputs are connected between sequential sibling steps, they do not have to be madecases. explicit.

The same pipeline, using XProc defaults, is shown in Example 2, “A simple, linear XInclude/Validate pipeline (simplified)”.

Example 2. A simple, linear XInclude/Validate pipeline (simplified)
<p:pipeline xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc"
         name="xinclude-and-validate">name="pipeline" xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc">
  <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
  <p:input port="schemas" sequence="true"/>
  <p:output port="result"/>

  <p:xinclude/>

  <p:validate-with-xml-schema>
    <p:input port="schema">
      <p:pipe step="xinclude-and-validate" port="schemas"/>
    </p:input>
  </p:validate-with-xml-schema>
</p:pipeline>

Figure 2, “A validate and transform pipeline” is a more complex example: it performs schema validation with an appropriate schema and then styles the validated document.

A validate and transform pipeline
Figure 2. A validate and transform pipeline

The heart of this example is the conditional. The “choose” step evaluates an XPath expression over a test document. Based on the result of that expression, one or another branch is run. In this example, each branch consists of a single validate step.

Example 3. A validate and transform pipeline
<p:pipeline xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc">
<p:input port="source"/>
<p:output port="result"/>

  <p:choose>
    <p:when test="/*[@version &lt; 2.0]">
      <p:validate-with-xml-schema><p:validate-with-xml-schema name="val1">
   <p:input port="schema">
          <p:document href="v1schema.xsd"/>
        </p:input>
      </p:validate-with-xml-schema>
    </p:when>

    <p:otherwise>
      <p:validate-with-xml-schema><p:validate-with-xml-schema name="val2">
   <p:input port="schema">
          <p:document href="v2schema.xsd"/>
        </p:input>
      </p:validate-with-xml-schema>
    </p:otherwise>
  </p:choose>

  <p:xslt><p:xslt name="xform">
    <p:input port="stylesheet">
      <p:document href="stylesheet.xsl"/>
    </p:input>
  </p:xslt>
</p:pipeline>

This example, like the preceding, relies on XProc defaults for simplicity. It is always valid to write the fully explicit form if you prefer.

The media type for pipeline documents is application/xml. Often, pipeline documents are identified by the extension .xpl.

2 Pipeline Concepts

[Definition: A pipeline is a set of connected steps, with outputs of one step flowing into into inputs of another.] A pipeline is itself a step and must satisfy the constraints on steps. Connections between steps occur where the input of one step is bound to the output of another.

The result of evaluating a pipeline (or subpipeline) is the result of evaluating the steps that it contains, in an order consistent with the connections between them. A pipeline must behave as if it evaluated each step each time it occurs. Unless otherwise indicated, implementations must not assume that steps are functional (that is, that their outputs depend only on their inputs, explicit inputs, options, and parameters) or side-effect free.

The pattern of connections between steps will not always completely determine their order of evaluation. The evaluation order of steps not connected to one another is implementation-dependent.

2.1 Steps

[Definition: A step is the basic computational unit of a pipeline.] A typical step has zero or more inputs, from which it receives XML documents to process, zeroa or morea default outputs, to which it sends XML document results, andmanufactured can have options and/or parameters.automatically.

There are three kinds of steps: atomic, compound,or and multi-container.

[Definition: An atomic step is a step that performs a unit of XML processing, such as XInclude or transformation, and has no internal subpipeline. subpipeline.] Atomic steps carry out fundamental XML operations and can perform arbitrary amounts of computation, but they are indivisible. An XSLT step, for example, performs XSLT processing; a Validate with XML Schema Validation step validates one input with respect to some set of XML Schemas, etc.

There are many types of atomic steps. The standard library of atomic steps is described in Section 7, “Standard Step Library”, but implementations may provide others as well. What additional step types, if any, are provided is implementation-defined. Each use, or instance, of an atomic step invokes the processing defined by that type of step. A pipeline may contain instances of many types of steps and many instances of the same type of step.

Compound steps, on the other hand, control and organize the flow of documents through a pipeline, reconstructing familiar programming language functionality such as conditionals, iterators and exception handling. They contain other steps, whose evaluation they control.

[Definition: A compound step is a step that contains a subpipelineone or more subpipelines.] That is, a compound step step differs from an atomic step in that its semantics are at least partially determined by the steps that it contains.

Finally, Every compound step contains one or more subpipelines. The steps there are two “multi-container steps”: p:choosecompound step are and p:trycontained steps. [Definition: A multi-containercompound step which immediately is a step that contains several alternateits subpipelinescontainer. ] The steps Each subpipelinethe connections is identified by a non-stepcompound step wrapper element:a subpipeline. p:whenThe andlast p:otherwisestep in a subpipeline is the caselast step in document order within of container. subpipeline = (p:for-each|p:viewport|p:choose, |p:group and |p:catch in the case of |pfx:other-step|p:try.|ipfx:ignored)*

The runtimesimple distinction between atomic semantics of a multi-containeris occasionally step are that it behaveschildren as if it evaluatedsteps, e.g. exactlyp:choose one ofp:try, its subpiplines. In this sense, they functionp:choose, like compound steps.

[Definition: Ap:when compound stepp:otherwise or multi-container step is a containerdifferent pipelines for the stepsmost directly within it or within non-step wrappers directly within it.]of [Definition: Thep:try, steps thatp:catch occur directly within, ora within non-step wrappersa subpipeline directly within, a step are called that step's containedp:group fails. steps.Acknowledging In other words, “container” and “contained steps” are inverse relationships.] [Definition: The ancestorsas of a step are its container,or the containersubpipelines. A ofp:pipeline, its container, andit all other containers above it.]

[Definition: Siblingcan steps (and thecalled connections between them) form a subpipeline.] [Definition: Thesomewhat lastdual stepnature in awith subpipeline isto the its last step in document order.]

Notecompound step. When it that user-defined pipelines, pfx:user-pipeline, areby atomic; although a pipeline declaration,pipeline, containsits invocation a subpipeline, aatomic step. The “type” which invokes a user-defined pipeline doesdetermined by the p:pipeline that defines not.

Steps have “ports” into which inputs and outputs are connected or “bound”. Each step has a number of input ports and a number of output ports; a step can have zero input ports and/or zero output ports. (All steps have an implicit output port for reporting errors that must not be declared.) The names of all ports on each step must be unique on that step (you can't have two input ports named “source”, nor can you have an input port named “schema” and an output port named “schema”).

Steps may have any number of options, options, all with unique names. A step can have zero options.

Steps may have parameter input ports, on which parameters can be passed. The parameters passed on a particular parameter input port must be uniquely named. If multiple parameters with the same name are used, only one of the values will actually be available to the step. A A step can have zero, one, or many parameter input ports, and each parameter port can have zero or more parameters passed on it.

All of the different instances of steps (atomic or compound) in a pipeline can be distinguished from one another by name. If the pipeline author does not provide a name for a step, a default name is manufactured automatically.

2.1.1 Step names

The name attribute on any step can be used to give it a name. The name must be unique within its scope, see Section 3.2, “Scoping of Names”.

If the pipeline author does not provide an explicit name, the processor manufactures a default name. All default names are of the form “!1.m.n…” where “mnis the position of the step's highest ancestor within the pipeline documentwhere or library which contains it,n” is the positionordinal number of the next-highest ancestor, andconsidering all so on, including both steps and non-step wrappers. For example, consider the pipeline in Example 3, “A validate and transform pipeline”. The p:pipeline step has no name, so it gets the default name “!1”; the p:choose gets the name “!1.2”; the first p:when gets the name “!1.2.1”, etc. If the p:choose had had a name, it would not have received a default name, but it would still have been counted and its first p:when would still have been “!1.2.1”.

Providing every step in the pipeline with an interoperable name has several benefits:

  1. It provides a simple mechanism for identifying all steps from outside the pipeline, see . It allows implementors to refer to all steps in an interoperable fashion, for example, in error messages.

  2. Pragmatically, we say that readable ports are identified by a step name/port name pair. By manufacturing names for otherwise anonymous steps, we include implicit bindings without changing our model.

In a valid pipeline that runs successfully to completion, the manufactured names aren't visible (except perhaps in debugging or logging output).

Note

The format for defaulted names does not conform to the requirements of an NCName. This is an explicit design decision; it prevents pipelines from using the defaulted names on p:pipe elements. If an explicit connection is required, the pipeline author must provide an explicit name for the step.

2.2 Inputs and Outputs

Although some steps can read and write non-XML resources, what flows between steps through input ports and output ports are exclusively XML documents or sequences of XML documents.

For the purposes of this specification, an XML document is an [Infoset]. Implementations are free to transmit infosets as sequences of characters, sequences of events, object models, or any other representation that preserves the necessary infoset properties (see Section A.3, “Infoset Conformance”).

Most steps in this specification manipulate XML documents, or portions of XML documents. In these cases, we speak of changing elements, attributes, or nodes without prejudice to the actual representation used by an implementation.

An implementation may make it possible for a step to produce non-XML output (through channels other than a named output port)—for example, writing a PDF document to a URI—but that output cannot flow through the pipeline. Similarly, one can imagine a step that takes no pipeline inputs, reads a non-XML file from a URI, and produces an XML output. But the non-XML data cannot arrive on an input port to a step.

It is a dynamic error (err:XD0001) if a non-XML resource is produced on a step output or arrives on a step input.

The common case is that each step has one or more inputs and one or more outputs. Figure 3, “An atomic step” illustrates symbolically an atomic step with two inputs and one output.

An atomic step with two inputs and one output
Figure 3. An atomic step

All atomic steps are defined by a p:declare-step. The declaration of an atomic step type defines the input ports, output ports, and options of all steps of that type. For example, every p:validate-with-xml-schema step has two inputs, named “source” and “schema”, and one output named “result”, and the same set of options.

Like atomic steps, top level, user-defined pipelines also have declarations. The situation is slightly more complicated for the other compound steps because they don't have separate declarations; each instance of the compound step serves as its own declaration. OnCompound steps don't have declared inputs, but they do have declared outputs, and unlike these steps, on compound steps, the number and names of the outputs can be different different on each instance of the step.

Figure 4, “A compound step” illustrates symbolically a compound step with one subpipeline and one output. As you can see from the diagram, the output from the compound step comes from one of the outputs of the subpipeline within the step.

A compound step with two inputs and one output
Figure 4. A compound step

[Definition: The input ports declared on a step are its declared inputs.] [Definition: The output ports declared on a step are its declared outputs.] When a step is used in a pipeline, it is connected to other steps through its inputs and outputs.

When a step is used, all of the declared inputs of the step must be connected. Each input can be connected to:

  • The output port of some other step.

  • A fixed, inline document or sequence of documents.

  • A document read from a URI.

  • One of the inputs declared on one of its ancestors.ancestors.

  • A special port provided by an ancestor compound step, for example, “current” in a p:for-each or p:viewport.

When an input accepts a sequence of documents, the documents can come from any combination of these locations.

The declared outputs of a step may be connected to:

  • The input port of some other step.

  • One of the outputs declared on its container.

The primary output port of a step must be connected, but other outputs can remain unconnected. Any documents produced on an unconnected output port are discarded.

Output ports on compound steps have a dual nature: from the perspective of the compound step's siblings, its outputs are just ordinary outputs and must be connected as described above. From the perspective of the subpipeline inside the compound step,itself, they are inputs into which something must be connected.

Within a compound step, the declared outputs of the step can be connected to:

  • The output port of some contained step.

  • A fixed, inline document or sequence of documents.

  • A document read from a URI.

Each input and output is declared to accept or produce either a single document or a sequence of documents. It is not an error to connect a port that is declared to produce a sequence of documents to a port that is declared to accept only a single document. It is, however, an error if the former step actually produces more than one document at run time.

It is also not an error to connect a port that is declared to produce a single document to a port that is declared to accept a sequence. A single document is the same as a sequence of one document.

An output port may be connected to more than one input port. At runtime this will result in distinct copies of the output.

[Definition: The signature of a step is the set of inputs, outputs, and options that it is declared to accept.] Each Theatomic step declaration for a step provides a fixed signaturesignature, declared globally or built-in, which all its instances share, whereas each instancescompound step has its own implicit share.

[Definition: A step matches its signature if and only if it specifies an input for each declared input, it specifies no inputs that are not declared, it specifies an option for each option that is declared to be required, and it specifies no options that are not declared.] In other words, every input and required option must be specified and only inputs and options that are declared may be specified. Options that aren't required do not have to be specified.

Steps may also produce error, warning, and informative informative messages. These messages areappear on a special captured and provided on the erroroutput port insideis only bound to an input in the catch clause of a p:catchtry/catch. Outside of a try/catch, the disposition of error messages is implementation-dependent.

2.2.1 External Documents

It's common for some of the documents used in processing a pipeline to be read from URIs. Sometimes this occurs directly, for example with a p:document element. Sometimes it occurs indirectly, for example if an implementation allows the URI of a pipeline input to be specified on the command line or if an p:xslt step encounters an xsl:import in the stylesheet that it is processing. It's also common for some of the documents produced in processing a pipeline to be written to locations which have, or at least could have, a URI.

The process of dereferencing a URI to retrieve a document is often more interesting than it seems at first. On the web, it may involve caches, proxies, and various forms of indirection. Resolving a URI locally may involve resolvers of various sorts and possibly appeal to implementation-dependent mechanisms such as catalog files.

In XProc, the situation is made even more interesting by the fact that many intermediate results produced by steps in the pipeline have base URIs. Whether or not (and when and how) the intermediate results that pass between steps are ever written to a filesystem is implementation-dependent.

In Version 1.0 of XProc, how (or if) implementers provide local resolution mechanisms and how (or if) they provide access to intermediate results by URI is implementation-defined.

Version 1.0 of XProc does not require implementations to guarantee that multiple attempts to dereference the same URI always produce consistent results.

Note

On the one hand, this is a somewhat unsatisfying state of affairs because it leaves room for interoperability problems. On the other, it is not expected to cause such problems very often in practice.

If these problems arise in practice, implementers are encouraged to use the existing extension mechanisms to give users the control needed to circumvent them. Should such mechanisms become widespread, a standard mechanism could be added in some future version of the language.

2.3 Primary Inputs and Outputs

As a convenience for pipeline authors, each step may have one input port designated as the primary input port and one output port designated as the primary output port.

[Definition: If a step has a document input port which is explicitly marked “primary='true'”, or if it has exactly one document input port and that port is not explicitly marked “primary='false'”, then that input port is the primary input port of the step.] If a step has a single input port and that port is explicitly marked “primary='false'”, or if a step has more than one input port and none is explicitly marked as the primary, then the primary input port of that step is undefined. A step can have at most one primary input port.

[Definition: If a step has a document output port which is explicitly marked “primary='true'”, or if it has exactly one document output port and that port is not explicitly marked “primary='false'”, then that output port is the primary output port of the step.] If a step has a single output port and that port is explicitly marked “primary='false'”, or if a step has more than one output port and none is explicitly marked as the primary, then the primary output port of that step is undefined. A step can have at most one primary output port.

The special significance of primary input and output ports is that they are connected automatically by the processor if no explicit binding is given. Generally speaking, if two steps appear sequentially in a subpipeline, then the primary output of the first step will automatically be connected to the primary input of the second.

Additionally, if a compound step has no declared outputs and the last step in its subpipeline has an unbound primary output, then an implicit primary output port (named “result”) will be added to the compound step (and consequently the last step's primary output will be bound to it). This implicitrule does not apply to p:pipeline steps; all of the inputs and outputs of a p:pipeline must be explicitly declared. Options Some steps accept options. Options are name/value pairs. An option is a name/value pair where the name is an expanded name and the value must be a string. If a document, node, or other value is given, its XPath string value is computed and that string is used. The options declared on a step are its declared options. All of the options specified on an atomic step must have been declared. Option names are always expressed as literal values, pipelines cannot construct option names dynamically. The options on a step which have specified values, either because a p:option element specifies a value or because the declaration included a default value, are its specified options. Parameters Some steps accept parameters. Parameters are name/value pairs. A parameter is a name/value pair where the name is an expanded name and the value must be a string. If a document, node, or other value is given, its XPath string value is computed and that string is used. Unlike options, which have names known in advance to the pipeline, parameters are not declared and their names may be unknown to the pipeline author. Pipelines can dynamically construct sets of parameters. Steps can read dynamically constructed sets on parameter input ports. A parameter input port is a distinguished kind of input port which accepts (only) dynamically constructed parameter name/value pairs. See . Analogous to primary input ports, steps that have parameter inputs may designate at most one parameter input port as a primary parameter input port. If a step has a parameter output port which is explicitly marked “primary='true'”, or if it has noexactly one parameter input port and that port is not explicitly marked “primary='false'”, then that parameter input port is the primary name. It inheritsport of the step. If a step has a single parameter input port and that port is explicitly marked “primary='false'”, or if a step has more than one parameter input port and none is explicitly marked as sequencethe primary, then the primary parameter input property of that step is undefined. Additionally, if a p:pipeline does not declare any parameter input ports, but contains a step which has a primary parameter input port, then an implicit primary parameter input port (named “parameters”) will be added to the pipeline. (If the pipeline declares an ordinary input named “parameters”, the implicit primary parameter input port boundwill be named “parameters1”. If that's not available, then “parameters2”, etc. until an available name is found.) How an implementation maps parameters specified to the application, or through some API, to it.parameters accepted by the p:pipeline is implementation-defined.

2.4 Connections

Steps are connected together by their input ports and output ports. It is a static error (err:XS0001) if there are any loops in the connections between steps: no step can be connected to itself nor can there be any sequence of connections through other steps that leads back to itself.

2.4.1 Namespace Fixup on Outputs

XProc processors are expected, and sometimes required, to perform namespace fixup. Unless the semantics of a step explicitly says otherwise:

  • The in-scope namespaces associated with a node (even those that are inherited from namespace bindings that appear among its ancestors in the document in which it appears initially) are assumed to travel with it.

  • Changes to one part of a tree (wrapping or unwrapping a node or renaming an element, for example) do not change the in-scope namespaces associated with the descendants of the node so changed.

As a result, some steps can produce XML documents which have no direct serialization (because they include nodes with conflicting or missing namespace declarations, for example). [Definition: To produce a serializable XML document, the XProc processor must sometimes add additional namespace nodes, perhaps even renaming prefixes, to satisfy the constraints of Namespaces in XML. This process is referred to as namespace fixup.]

Implementors are encouraged to perform namespace fixup before passing documents between steps, but they are not required to do so. Conversely, an implementation which does serialize between steps and therefore must perform such fixups, or reject documents that cannot be serialized, is also conformant.

Except where the semantics of a step explicitly require changes, processors are required to preserve the information in the documents and fragments they manipulate. In particular, the information corresponding to the [Infoset] properties [attributes], [base URI], [children], [local name], [namespace name], [normalized value], [owner], and [parent] must be preserved.

The information corresponding to [prefix], [in-scope namespaces], [namespace attributes], and [attribute type] should be preserved, with changes to the first three only as required for namespace fixup. In particular, processors are encouraged to take account of prefix information in creating new namespace bindings, to minimize negative impact on prefixed names in content.

Except for cases which are specifically called out in Section 7, “Standard Step Library”, the extent to which namespace fixup, and other checks for outputs which cannot be serialized, are performed on intermediate outputs is implementation-defined.

Whenever an implementation serializes pipeline contents, for example for pipeline outputs, logging, or as part of steps such as p:store or p:http-request, it is a dynamic error if that serialization could not be done so as to produce a document which is both well-formed and namespace-well-formed, as specified in XML and Namespaces in XML, regardless of what serialization method, if any, is called for.

2.5 Environment

[Definition: The environment is a context-dependentstep is the collection available to each instance of informationa step available withing sub-pipelines.] Most of the information in the environment is static and can be computed for each subpipeline before evaluation of the pipeline asbegins. The a whole begins. The in-scope options bindings have to be calculated as the pipeline is being evaluated.

The environment consists of:

  1. A set of readable ports. [Definition: The readable ports are a set ofthe step name/port name pairs.pairs that are visible to the step.] Inputs and outputs can only be connected to readable ports.

  2. A defaultset of readable port. [Definition: The default readablein-scope port, are the set which may bethat are undefined, is a specificstep. All of the in-scope options are available to the processor for computing option and parameter values. The actual options passed to a step are those that are declared for a name/portstep of its type and that have values either provided explicitly namewith p:option pair from the setstep or as defaults in the declaration of readablethe step ports.]type.

  3. A set of in-scope bindings.port. [Definition: The in-scopedefault readable port, bindingswhich may be undefined, are a setspecific step name/port name of name-value pairs, based on optionof and variable bindings.]ports.

[Definition: The empty environment contains no readable ports, no in-scope options, and an undefined default readable port and no in-scope bindings.port. ]

Unless otherwise specified, the environment of a contained step is its inherited environment. [Definition: The inherited environment of a contained step is an environment that is the same as the environment of its container with the standard modifications. ]

The standard modifications made to an inherited environment are:

  • All of the specified options of the container are added to the in-scope options. The value of any option in the environment with the same name as one of the options specified on the container is shadowed by the new value. In other words, steps can access the most recently specified value of all of the options specified on any ancestor step. The declared inputs of the container are added to the readable ports.

    In other words, contained steps can see the inputs to their container.

  • The union of all the declared outputs of all of the containers's contained steps are added to the readable ports.

    In other words, sibling steps can see each other's outputs in addition to the outputs visible to their container.

  • If there is a preceding sibling step element:

  • If there is not a preceding sibling step element, the default readable port is the primary input port of the container, if it has one, otherwise the default readable port is unchanged.

  • The names and values from each p:variable present at the beginning of the container are added, in document order, to the in-scope bindings. A new binding replaces an old binding with the same name. See Section 5.7.1, “p:variable for the specification of variable evaluation.

A step with no parent inherits the empty environment.

2.6 XPaths in XProc

XProc uses XPath as an expression language. XPath expressions are evaluated by the XPrococcur processor in several places: on compound steps, to computein the the default values of options and the valuesvalues, and of variables; onvalues atomic steps,passed to compute thesteps. Broadly, actual values of options and the valuestwo of parameters.

XPathclasses: expressions evaluated are also passed to some steps.and These expressions are evaluated by the implementations of the individual steps.

This distinction can be seen in the following example:

<p:variable name="home" select="'http://example.com/docs'"/>

<p:load name="read-from-home">
  <p:with-option name="href" select="concat($home,'/document.xml')"/>
</p:load>

<p:split-sequence name="select-chapters" test="@role='chapter'">name="select-chapters">
  <p:input port="source" select="//section"/>
  <p:option name="test" value="@role='chapter'"/>
</p:split-sequence>

The href option of the p:load step is evaluated by the XProc processor. The actual href option received by the step is simply the string literal “http://example.com/docs/document.xml”. (The selection on the source input of the select-chapters step is also evaluated by the XProc processor.)

The XPath expression “@role='chapter'” is passed literally to the test option on the p:split-sequence step. That's because the nature of the p:split-sequence is that it evaluates the expression. Only some options on some steps expect XPath expressions.

The XProc processor evaluates all of the XPath expressions in select attributes on variables, options, parameters, and inputs,inputs and in match attributes on p:viewport, and steps. (XPath expressions in test attributes onare passed literally to the step p:whenfor steps.

An XProc implementation can use either [XPath 1.0] or [XPath 2.0] to evaluate these expressions. This is a compromise driven entirely by the timing of XProc development. During the development of this specification, the community indicated that it was too early to mandate that all implementations use XPath 2.0 and too late to mandate that all implementations use XPath 1.0.

Many, many expressions that are likely to be used in XProc pipelines are the same in both versions (simple element tests, ancestor and descendant tests, string-based attribute tests, etc.).

As an aid to interoperability, pipeline authors may indicate the version of XPath that they are using. The attribute xpath-version may be used on p:pipeline, p:declare-step, (or p:library) to identify the XPath version that should be used to evaluate XPath expressions on the pipeline(s). The attributeThis is lexically scoped, but see below.

If an xpath-version is specified on on a p:pipelinepipeline or p:declare-step, then that is the version of XPath that the step uses.in If it does not specify a version, but a version is specified on one of its ancestors, the nearest ancestor version specifiedlibrary, is the version that it uses. If no version is specified on the step or among its ancestors, then its XPath versionpipeline is implementation-defined.used

Note

The decision about which XPath version applies can be made dynamically. For example, if a pipeline explicitly labeled with xpath-version “1.0” imports a libraryfor that does not specify a version,otherwise, the implementation may elect to make the implementation-defined XPathdefault version of the steps in the libraryis also “1.0”. If the same implementation imports that library into a pipeline explicitly labled with xpath-version “2.0”, it can make the implementation-defined version of those steps “2.0”.

The following rules determine how the indicated version and the implementation's actual version interact:

  1. If the indicated version and the implementation version are the same, then that version is used.

  2. If the indicated version is 1.0 and the implementation uses XPath 2.0 (or later), the expression must be evaluated in XPath 1.0 compatibility mode. It is a static error (err:XS0046) if the processor does not support XPath 1.0 compatibility mode.

  3. If the indicated version is 2.0 (or later) and the implementation uses XPath 1.0, the implementation must not evaluate any expression that it cannot determine will give the same result in XPath 1.0 that it would have given if XPath 2.0 had been used. It is a static error (err:XS0047) if the processor cannot determine that the expression would yield the same result.

2.6.1 Processor XPath Context

When the XProc processor evaluates an XPath expression using XPath 1.0, unless otherwise indicated by a particular step, it does so with the following context:

context node

The document node of a document. The document is either specified with a binding or is taken from the default readable port. It is a dynamic error (err:XD0008) if a document sequence appears where a document to be used as the context node is expected.

If there is no binding and there is no default readable port then the context node is an empty document node.

context position and context size

The context position and context size are both “1”.

variable bindings

The union of the in-scope options and variables are available as variable bindings to the XPath processor.variables.

function library

The [XPath 1.0] core function library and the Section 2.6.3, “XPath Extension Functions”.

in-scope namespaces

The namespace bindings in-scope on the element where the expression occurred.

When the XProc processor evaluates an XPath expression using XPath 2.0, unless otherwise indicated by a particular step, it does so with the following static context:

XPath 1.0 compatibility mode

Is true if the indicated XPath version is 1.0, false otherwise.

Statically known namespaces

The namespace declarations in-scope for the containing element or made available through p:namespaces.

Default element/type namespace

The null namespace.

Default function namespace

The [XPath 2.0] function namespace.

In-scope schema definitions

None.

In-scope variables

The union of the in-scope options and variables are available as variable bindings to the XPath processor.variables.

Context item static type

Document.

Function signatures
Statically known collations

Implementation defined but must include the Unicode codepoint collation. The version of Unicode supported is implementation-defined, but it is recommended that the most recent version of Unicode be used.

Default collation

Unicode codepoint collation.

Base URI

The base URI of the element on which the expression occurs.

Statically known documents

None.

Statically known collections

None.

And the following dynamic context:

context item

The document node of a document. The document is either specified with a binding or is taken from the default readable port. It is a dynamic error (err:XD0008) if a document sequence appears where a document to be used as the context node is expected.

If there is no binding and there is no default readable port then the context node is undefined.an empty document node.

context position and context size

The context position and context size are both “1”.

Variable values

The union of the in-scope options and variables are available as variable bindings to the XPath processor..

Function implementations
Current dateTime
Implicit timezone

The implicit timezone is implementation defined.

Available documents

The set of available documents (those that may be retrieved with a URI) is implementation dependent.

Available collections

None.

Default collection

None.

2.6.2 Step XPath Context

When a step evaluates an XPath expression using XPath 1.0, it does so with the following context:

When a step evaluates an XPath expression using XPath 2.0, unless otherwise indicated by a particular step, it does so with the following static context:

XPath 1.0 compatibility mode

Is true if the indicated XPath version is 1.0, false otherwise.

Statically known namespaces

The namespace declarations in-scope for the containing element or made available through p:namespaces.

Default element/type namespace

The null namespace.

Default function namespace

The [XPath 2.0] function namespace.

In-scope schema definitions

None.

In-scope variables

None, unless otherwise specified by the step.

Context item static type

Document.

Function signatures

The signatures of the [XPath 2.0 Functions and Operators].XPath 2.0 functions.

Statically known collations

Implementation defined but must include the Unicode codepoint collation.

Default collation

Unicode codepoint collation.

Base URI

The base URI of the element on which the expression occurs.

Statically known documents

None.

Statically known collections

None.

And the following dynamic context:

context item

The document node of the document that appears on the primary input of the step, unless otherwise specified by the step.

context position and context size

The context position and context size are both “1”, unless otherwise specified by the step.

Variable values

None, unless otherwise specified by the step.

Function implementations

The [XPath 2.0 Functions and Operators].XPath 2.0 functions.

Current dateTime

An implementation defined point in time.

Implicit timezone

The implicit timezone is implementation defined.

Available documents

The set of available documents (those that may be retrieved with a URI) is implementation dependent.

Available collections

None.

Default collection

None.

2.6.3 XPath Extension Functions

The XProc processor must support a few additional functions in XPath expressions evaluated by the processor.

In the following descriptions, the names of types (string, boolean, etc.) should be taken to mean the corresponding [W3C XML Schema: Part 2] data types for an implementation that uses XPath 2.0 and as the most appropriate XPath 1.0 types for an XPath 1.0 implementation.

2.6.3.1 System Properties

XPath expressions within a pipeline document can interrogate the processor for information about the current state of the pipeline. Various aspects of the processor are exposed through the p:system-property function in the pipeline namespace:

Function: string p:system-property(string property)

The property string must have the form of a QName; the QName is expanded into a name using the namespace declarations in scope for the expression. The p:system-property function returns the string representing the value of the system property identified by the QName. If there is no such property, the empty string must be returned.

Implementations must provide the following system properties, which are all in the XProc namespace:

p:episode

Returns a string which should be unique for each invocation of the pipeline processor. In other words, if a processor is run several times in succession, or if several processors are running simultaneously, each invocation of each processor should get a distinct value from p:episode.

The unique identifier must consist of ASCII alphanumeric characters and must start with an alphabetic character. Thus, the string is syntactically an XML name.

p:language

Returns a string which identifies the current language, for example, for message localization purposes. The exact format of the language string is implementation defined but should be the same as the xml:lang attribute..

p:product-name

Returns a string containing the name of the implementation, as defined by the implementer. This should normally remain constant from one release of the product to the next. It should also be constant across platforms in cases where the same source code is used to produce compatible products for multiple execution platforms.

p:product-version

Returns a string identifying the version of the implementation, as defined by the implementer. This should normally vary from one release of the product to the next, and at the discretion of the implementer it may also vary across different execution platforms.

p:vendor

Returns a string which identifies the vendor of the processor.

p:vendor-uri

Returns a URI which identifies the vendor of the processor. Often, this is the URI of the vendor's web site.

p:version

Returns the version of XProc implemented by the processor; for processors implementing the version of XProc specified by this document, the value is “1.0”. The value of the version attribute is a token (i.e., an xs:token per [W3C XML Schema: Part 2]).

p:xpath-version

Returns the version of XPath implemented by the processor for evaluating XPath expressions on XProc elements.

2.6.3.2 Step Available

The p:step-available function reports whether or not a particular type of step is understood by the processor.

Function: boolean p:step-available(string step-type)

The step-type string must have the form of a QName; the QName is expanded into a name using the namespace declarations in scope for the expression. The p:step-available function returns true if and only if the processor knows how to evaluate steps of the specified type.

2.6.3.3 Iteration Position

In the context of a p:for-each or a p:viewport, the p:iteration-position function reports the position of the document being processed in the sequence of documents that will be processed. In the context of other standard XProc compound steps, it returns 1.

Function: integer p:iteration-position()

In the context of an extension compound step, the value returned by p:iteration-position is implementation-defined.

2.6.3.4 Iteration Size

In the context of a p:for-each or a p:viewport, the p:iteration-size function reports the number of documents in the sequence of documents that will be processed. In the context of other standard XProc compound steps, it returns 1.

Function: integer p:iteration-size()

In the context of an extension compound step, the value returned by p:iteration-size is implementation-defined.

2.6.3.5 Base URI

Returns the base URI of the specified node, if it has one. The semantics of this function are the same as the semantics of the XPath 2.0 fn:base-uri() function.

Function: string p:base-uri()

Function: string p:base-uri(Node node)

If no node is specified, the base URI of the context node is returned.

2.6.3.6 Resolve URI

Resolves a relative URI with respect to a particular base URI. The semantics of this function are the same as the semantics of the XPath 2.0 fn:resolve-uri() function.

Function: string p:resolve-uri(String relative)

Function: string p:resolve-uri(String relative, String base)

If no base is specified, the base URI of the context node is used.

2.6.3.7 Other XPath Extension Functions

It is implementation defined if the processor supports any other XPath extension functions.

2.7 Variables

Variables are name/value pairs. Pipeline authors can create variables to hold computed values.

[Definition: A variable is a name/value pair where the name is an expanded name and the value must be a string.] If a document, node, or other value is given, its XPath string value is computed and that string is used.

Variables and options share the same scope and may shadow each other.

2.8 Options

Some steps accept options. Options are name/value pairs, like variables. Unlike variables, the value of an option can be changed by the caller.

[Definition: An option is a name/value pair where the name is an expanded name and the value must be a string.] If a document, node, or other value is given, its XPath string value is computed and that string is used.

[Definition: The options declared on a step are its declared options.] Option names are always expressed as literal values, pipelines cannot construct option names dynamically.

[Definition: The options on a step which have specified values, either because a p:with-option element specifies a value or because the declaration included a default value, are its specified options.]

2.9 Parameters

Some steps accept parameters. Parameters are name/value pairs, like variables and options. Unlike variables and options, which have names known in advance to the pipeline, parameters are not declared and their names may be unknown to the pipeline author. Pipelines can dynamically construct sets of parameters. Steps can read dynamically constructed sets on parameter input ports.

[Definition: A parameter is a name/value pair where the name is an expanded name and the value must be a string.] If a document, node, or other value is given, its XPath string value is computed and that string is used.

[Definition: A parameter input port is a distinguished kind of input port which accepts (only) dynamically constructed parameter name/value pairs.] See Section 5.1.2, “Parameter Inputs”.

Analogous to primary input ports, steps that have parameter inputs may designate at most one parameter input port as a primary parameter input port.

[Definition: If a step has a parameter input port which is explicitly marked “primary='true'”, or if it has exactly one parameter input port and that port is not explicitly marked “primary='false'”, then that parameter input port is the primary parameter input port of the step.] If a step has a single parameter input port and that port is explicitly marked “primary='false'”, or if a step has more than one parameter input port and none is explicitly marked as the primary, then the primary parameter input port of that step is undefined.

2.10 Security Considerations

An XProc pipeline may attempt to access arbitrary network resources: steps such as p:load and p:http-request can attempt to read from an arbitrary URI; steps such as p:store can attempt to write to an arbitrary location; p:exec can attempt to execute an arbitrary program. Note, also, that some steps, such as p:xslt and p:xquery, include extension mechanisms which may attempt to execute arbitrary code. location.

In some environments, it may be inappropriate to provide the XProc pipeline with access to these resources. In a server environment, for example, it may be impractical to allow pipelines to store data. In environments where the pipeline cannot be trusted, allowing the pipeline to access arbitrary resources or execute arbitrary code may be a security risk.

It is a dynamic error (err:XD0021) for a pipeline to attempt to access a resource for which it has insufficient privileges or perform a step which is forbidden.

A conformant XProc processor may limit the resources available to any or all steps in a pipeline. A conformant implementation may raise dynamic errors, or take any other corrective action, for any security problems that it detects.

2.11 Versioning Considerations

A pipeline author may identify the version of XProc against which a particular pipeline was authored by explicitly importing the library that identifies the steps defined by that version of XProc. For the version defined by this specification, the library is “http://www.w3.org/2008/xproc-1.0.xpl”.

If the version is not explicitly identified, the implicit version should be the most recent version known to the processor.

When a processor encounters a version it does not recognize, it proceeds in forwards-compatible mode. In forwards-compatible mode:

  1. The library that identifies the version of XProc is imported, see p:import. This provides the processor with declarations for any new step types.

  2. It is a dynamic error to attempt to evaluate a step type for which no implementation is known, but conditional processing and the step-available function can be used to write backwards-compatible pipelines.

  3. It is a static error if the signature of a known step in the version library has changed, except for new options.

  4. New options on known steps are ignored in the pipeline.

As a consequence, future specifications must not change the semantics of existing step types without changing their names.

3 Syntax Overview

This section describes the normative XML syntax of XProc. This syntax is sufficient to represent all the aspects of a pipeline, as set out in the preceding sections. [Definition: XProc is intended to work equally well with [XML 1.0] and [XML 1.1]. Unless otherwise noted, the term “XML” refers equally to both versions.] [Definition: Unless otherwise noted, the term Namespaces in XML refers equally to [Namespaces 1.0] and [Namespaces 1.1].] Support for pipeline documents written in XML 1.1 and pipeline inputs and outputs that use XML 1.1 is implementation-defined.

Elements in a pipeline document represent the pipeline, the the steps it contains, the connections between those steps, the steps and and connections contained within them, and so on. Each step is represented by an element; a combination of elements and attributes specify how how the inputs and outputs of each step are connected and how options and parameters parameters are passed.

Conceptually, we can speak of steps as objects that have inputs and outputs, that are connected together and which may contain additional steps. Syntactically, we need a mechanism for specifying these relationships.

Containment is represented naturally using nesting of XML elements. If a particular element identifies a compound step then the step elements that are its immediate children form its subpipeline.

The connections between steps are expressed using names and references to those names.

Six kinds of things are named in XProc:

  1. Step types,
  2. Steps,
  3. Input ports (both parameter and document),
  4. Output ports,
  5. Options and variables,Options, and
  6. Parameters

3.1 XProc Namespaces

ThereThe XML are four namespaces associated with XProc:

http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc

The namespace of the XProc XML vocabulary described by this specification; by convention, the namespace prefix “p:” is used for this namespace.

http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc-step

The namespace used for documents that are inputs to and outputs from several standard and optional steps described in this specification. Some steps, such as p:http-request and p:store, have defined input or output vocabularies. We use this namespace for all of those documents. The conventional prefix “c:” is used for this namespace.

http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc-error

The namespace used for errors. The conventional prefix “err:” is used for this namespace.

3.2 Scoping of Names

Names are used to identify step types, steps, ports, options and variables, and parameters. Step types, options, variables, and parameters are named with QNames. Steps and ports are named with NCNames. The scope of a name is a measure of where it is available in a pipeline. [Definition: If two names are in the same scope, we say that they are visible to each other. ]

The scope of the names of the step types is the union of all the pipelines and pipeline libraries available directly or via p:import. Step In other words, the step types visible in a pipeline or library are:

  • The standard, built-in types (p:pipeline, p:choose, etc.).

  • Any implementation-provided types.

  • Thep:declare-step types visiblep:xslt, inp:xinclude, any library that is imported.etc.)

  • The step types declared in the pipeline or library. p:pipeline.

  • The pipelines that are imported.

  • Forby a pipeline, the pipeline itself.

  • For a pipeline in a library, the types visible in the containing library. processor.

All the step types in a pipeline must have unique names: it is a static error (err:XS0036) if any step type name is built-in and/or declared or defined more than once in the same scope.

The scope of the names of the steps themselves is determined by the environment of each step. In general, the name of a step, the names of its sibling steps, the names of any steps that it contains directly, the names of its ancestors, and the names of theits ancestor's siblings of its ancestors are all in a common scope. All the named steps in the same scope must have unique names: it is a static error (err:XS0002) if two steps with the same name appear in the same scope.

The scope of an input or output port name is the step on which it is defined. The names of all the ports on any step must be unique.

Taken together, these uniqueness constraints guarantee that the combination of a step name and a port name uniquely identifies exactly one port on exactly one in-scope step.

The scope of option and variable names is determined by where theyon are declared. When an option is declared with p:optionand (or a variable with p:variable),step. unless otherwise specified, itsof scope consistsall of the sibling elements that follow its declaration and the descendants of those siblings.

Parametera names are not scoped; they are distinct on each step.

3.3 Base URIs and xml:base

Whenspecifies a relative URI appears in an option value, the base URI againstname which it mustoption be made absolute is the baseits URI ofancestors, the p:option element. If an optionnew value is specified using a syntactic shortcut,shadows the base URI of the stepvalue on which the shortcut attribute appears mustcurrent be used. In general, whenever a relativeand URI appears, its base URI is the base URI of the nearest ancestor element.descendants.

The pipeline author can control the base URIs of elements withinstep. theGlobal pipeline document with the xml:base attribute. Attributes The xml:basefollowing attribute may appear on any element in a pipelinepipeline: The attribute andxml:id has the semantics outlined in [XML Base].

3.4 Unique identifiers

A pipeline author can provide a globally unique identifier for any element in a pipeline with the xml:id attribute.

The xml:id attribute may appearxml:base on any element in a pipeline andwith has the semantics outlined in [xml:id].

3.5 Associating Documents with Ports

[Definition: A binding associates an input or output port with some data source.] A document or a sequence of documents can be bound to a port in four ways: by source, by URI, by providing an inline document, or by making it explicitly empty. Each of these mechanisms is allowed on the p:input, p:output, p:xpath-context, p:iteration-source, and p:viewport-source elements.

Specified by URI

[Definition: A document is specified by URI if it is referenced with a URI.] The href attribute on the p:document element is used to refer to documents by URI.

In this example, the input to the p:identity step named “otherstep” comes from “http://example.com/input.xml”.

<p:output port="result"/>

<p:identity name="otherstep">
  <p:input port="source">
    <p:document href="http://example.com/input.xml"/>
  </p:input>
</p:identity>

It is a dynamic error (err:XD0002) if the processor attempts to retrieve the URI specified on a p:document and fails. (For example, if the resource does not exist or is not accessible with the user's authentication credentials.)

Specified by source

[Definition: A document is specified by source if it references a specific port on another step.] The step and port attributes on the p:pipe element are used for this purpose.

In this example, the “source” input to the p:xinclude step named “expand” comes from the “result” port of the step named “otherstep”.

<p:xinclude name="expand">
  <p:input port="source">
    <p:pipe step="otherstep" port="result"/>
  </p:input>
</p:xinclude>

When a p:pipe is used, the specified port must be in the readable ports of the current environment. It is a static error (err:XS0003) if the port specified by a p:pipe is not in the readable ports of the environment.

Specified inline

[Definition: An inline document is specified directly in the body of the element that binds it.] The content of the p:inline element is used for this purpose.

In this example, the “stylesheet” input to the XSLT step named “xform” comes from the content of the p:input element itself.

<p:xslt name="xform">
  <p:input port="stylesheet">
    <p:inline>
      <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0">
        ...
      </xsl:stylesheet>
    </p:inline>
  </p:input>
</p:xslt>

Inline documents are considered “quoted”. The pipeline processor passes them literally to the port, even if they contain elements from the XProc namespace or other namespaces that would have other semantics outside of the p:inline.

Specified explicitly empty

[Definition: An empty sequence of documents is specified with the p:empty element.]

In this example, the “source” input to the XSLT 2.0 step named “generate” is explicitly empty:

<p:xslt name="generate" version="2.0">
  <p:input port="source">
    <p:empty/>
  </p:input>
  <p:input port="stylesheet">
    <p:inline>
      <xsl:stylesheet version="2.0">
        ...
      </xsl:stylesheet>
    </p:inline>
  </p:input>
  <p:with-option name="template-name" select="'someName'"/>
</p:xslt>

If you omit the binding on a primary input port, a binding to the default readable port will be assumed. Making the binding explicitly empty guarantees that the binding will be to an empty sequence of documents.

It is inconsistent with the [XPath 1.0] specification to specify an empty binding as the context for evaluating an XPath expression. When an empty binding is specified for an XPath 1.0 expression, an empty document node must be used instead as the context node.

Note that a p:input or p:output element may contain more than one p:pipe, p:document, or p:inline element. If more than one binding is provided, then the specified sequence of documents is made available on that port in the same order as the bindings.

3.6 Documentation

Pipeline authors may add documentation to their pipeline documents with the p:documentation element. Except when it appears as a descendant of p:inline, the p:documentation element is completely ignored by pipeline processors, it exists simply for documentation purposes. (If a p:documentation is provided as a descendant of p:inline, it has no special semantics, it is treated literally as part of the document to be provided on that port.)

Pipeline processors that inspect the contents of p:documentation elements and behave differently on the basis of what they find are not conformant. Processor extensions must be specified with extension elements. p:pipeinfo.

3.7 Processor annotations

PipelineIn order to facilitate extension elements, authorsthe processor may add annotations to theirignore elements from pipeline documents withAny element in an ignored thenamespace is p:pipeinfoan element.ignorable element. TheIf a processor encounters an ignorable element as the semantics of a p:pipeinfop:pipeline or p:pipeline-library elementsthen it behaves in are implementation-defined. manner if it Processors the element, otherwise it should specifybehave as if the element (and its content) had not been present. Syntactically, a way for their annotations to be identified, perhapsignored namespaces with extensionthe ignore-prefixes attributes.

Whereattribute. p:documentationThis isattribute can intended for human consumption, p:pipeinfo elementsand p:pipeline-library elements. The are intended for processorignore-prefixes consumption. Ais a sequence of tokens, processor might, for example, use annotations to identifyof an some particular aspectIt is a static error if of antoken specified implementation, to request additional, perhaps non-standard features, to describe parallelism constraints, etc.namespace.

WhenIgnored namespaces specified on a p:pipeinfo are appearsinherited by pipelines that occur within that library. It as a descendantstatic oferror p:inline,to it has no specialan semantics; in that context itnamespace, the must benamespace treated literally as partp:pipeline, or of the document to be providedatomic onstep thatis declared. port.

3.8 Extension attributes

[Definition: An element from the XProc namespace may have any attribute not from the XProc namespace, provided that the expanded-QName of the attribute has a non-null namespace URI. Such an attribute is called an extension attribute.] Extension attributes are always allowed and do not have to be declared with ignored namespaces.

The presence of an extension attribute must not cause the connections between steps to differ from the connections that would arise in the absence of the attribute.produce. They must not cause the processor to fail to signal an error that woulda conformant processor is required to signal. This means that an extension attribute be signalled in the absence of any XProc element except to the extent that the attribute.effect is implementation-defined or implementation-dependent.

A processor which encounters an extension attribute that it does not recognize must behave as if the attribute was not present.

Extension elements An extension element is any element that is not in the XProc namespace and is not a step. The presence of an extension element must not cause the connections between steps to differ from the connections that any other conformant XProc processor would produce. They must not cause the processor to fail to signal an error that a conformant processor is required to signal. This means that an extension element must not change the effect of any XProc element except to the extent that the effect is implementation-defined or implementation-dependent. An element is only an extension element if it is an ignorable element that occurs as a direct child of a p:pipeline or p:pipeline-library. In other words, elements in a subpipeline are interpreted as follows: In XProc namespace? Names a built-in compound step? Check against grammar, interpret per spec. Names a built-in atomic step? Check against grammar and built-in declaration, interpret per spec. Otherwise, error. Is in ignorable namespace? Is a known extension? Process as appropriate. Otherwise, ignore. Names a declared step type? Check against grammar and supplied step declaration, interpret per spec. Names a defined pipeline? Check against pipeline definition, interpret per spec. Otherwise, error.

3.9 Syntax Summaries

The description of each element in the pipeline namespace is accompanied by a syntactic summary that provides a quick overview of the element's syntax:

<p:some-element
  some-attribute? = some-type>
    (some |
     elements |
     allowed)*,
    other-elements?
</p:some-element>

For clarity of exposition, some attributes and elements are elided from the summaries:

The types given for attributes should be understood as follows:

  • ID, NCName, NMTOKEN, NMTOKENS, anyURI, boolean, integer, string: As per [W3C XML Schema: Part 2] including whitespace normalization as appropriate.

  • QName: With whitespace normalization as per [W3C XML Schema: Part 2] and according to the following definition: [Definition: In the context of XProc, a QName is almost always a QName in the Namespaces in XML sense. Note, however, that p:option and p:with-param values can get their namespace declarations in a non-standard way (with p:namespaces) and QNames that have no prefix are always in no-namespace, irrespective of the default namespace.]

  • PrefixList: As a list with [item type] NMTOKEN, per [W3C XML Schema: Part 2], including whitespace normalization.

  • XPathExpression, XSLTMatchPattern: As a string per [W3C XML Schema: Part 2], including whitespace normalization, and the further requirement to be a conformant Expression per [XPath 1.0] or [XPath 2.0], as appropriate, or Match pattern per [XSLT 1.0] or [XSLT 2.0], as appropriate.respectively.

A number of errors apply generally:

If an XProc processor can determine statically that a dynamic error will always occur, it may report that error staticallystatically. Steps This provided that the core steps of XProc. error Every compound step in a pipeline has several parts: a set of doesinputs, nota occurset of among the descendants of options, a p:try.set of Errorscontained insidesteps, and an environment. Except where a p:trynoted, must always be raised dynamically so that p:catchnumber processing may be performed on them.

Steps

ThisIt is a static error section describesa compound the core steps ofcontained XProc.steps.

4.1 p:pipeline

A p:pipeline declares a pipeline that can be evaluatedspecified by an XProcp:pipeline processor. It encapsulates the behavior of a subpipeline. Its children declare the inputs, outputs, and options that the pipeline exposes and identify the steps in its subpipeline. A (A p:pipelinecan is a simplified form of stepones declaration.)that

Allare p:pipelineprovided pipelines have an implicit primaryimplementation input portin named “sourcesome and an implicit primary output portimplementation-defined named “result”.way) Any input orother pipelines. output ports that the p:pipeline declaresbeen explicitly are inmay additionbe to those ports andstep within may not be declared primary.

<p:pipeline
  name? = NCName
  type? = QName
  psvi-required? = boolean
  xpath-version? = string>
    (p:input |
     p:output |
     p:option |
     p:log |
     p:serialization)*,
    ((p:declare-step |
      p:import)*,
     subpipeline)?
</p:pipeline>

Viewed from the outside, a p:pipeline is a black box which performs some calculation on its inputs and produces its outputs. From the pipeline author's perspective, the computation performed by the pipeline is described in terms of contained steps which read the pipeline's inputs and produce the pipeline's outputs.

The environment inherited by the contained steps of a p:pipeline is the empty environment with these modifications: All of the declared inputs of the pipeline are added to the readable ports in the environment.

If the pipeline has a primary input port, that input is the default readable port, otherwise the default readable port is undefined. All of the declared options of the pipeline doesare added to the in-scope options in the environment. If the notp:pipeline have a typeprimary output port and that port has no binding, then thatit is bound to the primary output port of the last step in the subpipeline. It is a static error if the primary output port has no binding and the last step pipeline cannot be invokeddoes not as a step.primary output port. There are two additional constraints on pipelines:

The p:pipeline elementmust not itself be a contained step. If a p:pipeline is justpart of a p:pipeline-library or if it simplifiedis imported form of stepp:import, then it must have declaration.a name A document thattype or reads:

<p:pipelineIf the pipeline initially invoked by the processor has inputs or
outputs, those ports are bound to documents outside of the pipeline some-attributes>
  some-contentin
</p:pipeline>
an implementation-defined manner.

canIf a pipeline has a type then that type may be interpreted as ifthe name of a step to invoke the pipeline. This most often occurs when it read:

<p:declare-stephas been imported into another pipeline,
but pipelines may also invoke themselves some-attributes>
  <p:inputrecursively.
If port='source' primary='true'/>
  <p:inputdoes port='paramters' kind='parameters' primary='true'/>
  <p:outputa port='result'type, primary='true'>
  some-contentthen
</p:declare-step>
its name is used to invoke it as a step.

SeeFor pipelines that are part of a p:declare-step, see for more details.details on how p:pipeline names are used to compute step names.

4.1.1 Example

A pipeline might accept a document and a stylesheet as input; perform XInclude, validation, and transformation; and produce the transformed document as its output.

Example 4. A Sample Pipeline Document
<p:pipeline name="pipeline" xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc">
<p:input port="document" primary="true"/>
<p:input port="stylesheet"/>
<p:output port="result" primary="true"/>

<p:xinclude/>

<p:validate-with-xml-schema>
  <p:input port="schema">
    <p:document href="http://example.com/path/to/schema.xsd"/>
  </p:input>
</p:validate-with-xml-schema>

<p:xslt>
  <p:input port="stylesheet">
    <p:document<p:pipe step="pipeline" href="http://example.com/path/to/stylesheet.xsl"/>
  </p:input>
</p:xslt>

</p:pipeline>

4.2 p:for-each

A for-each is specified by the p:for-each element. It is a compound step that processes a sequence of documents, applying its subpipeline to each document in turn.

<p:for-each
  name? = NCName>
    ((p:iteration-source? &
      (p:output |
       p:log)*),
     subpipeline)
</p:for-each>

When a pipeline needs to process a sequence of documents using a subpipeline that only processes a single document, the p:for-each construct can be used as a wrapper around that subpipeline. The p:for-each will apply that subpipeline to each document in the sequence in turn.

The result of the p:for-each is a sequence of documents produced by processing each individual document in the input sequence. If the p:for-each has one or more output ports, what appears on each of those ports is the sequence of documents that is the concatenation of the sequence produced by each iteration of the loop on the port to which it is connected. If the iteration source for a p:for-each is an empty sequence, then the subpipeline is never run and an empty sequence is produced on all of the outputs.

The p:iteration-source is an anonymous input: its binding provides a sequence of documents to the p:for-each step. If no iteration sequence is explicitly provided, then the iteration source is read from the default readable port.

A portion of each input document can be selected using the select attribute. If no selection is specified, the document node of each document is selected. Each subtree selected by the p:iteration-source is wrapped in a document node (unless it is a document) and provided to the subpipeline. The processor provides each document, one at a time, to the subpipeline represented by the children of the p:for-each on a port named current.

For each declared output, the processor collects all the documents that are produced for that output from all the iterations, in order, into a sequence. The result of the p:for-each on that output is that sequence of documents.

The environment inherited by the contained steps of a p:for-each is the inherited environment with these modifications:

If the p:for-each has a primary output port (explicit or supplied by default) and that port has no binding, then it is bound to the primary output port of the last step in the subpipeline. It is a static error (err:XS0006) if the primary output port has no binding and the last step in the subpipeline does does not have a primary output port.

Note that outputs declared for a p:for-each serve a dual role. Inside the p:for-each, they are used to read results from the subpipeline. Outside the p:for-each, they provide the aggregated results.

The sequence attribute on a p:output inside a p:for-each only applies inside the step. From the outside, all of the outputs produce sequences.

4.2.1 XPath Context

Within a p:for-each, the p:iteration-position and p:iteration-size are taken from the sequence of documents that will be processed by the p:for-each. The total number of documents is the p:iteration-size; size; the ordinal value of the current document (the document appearing on the current port) is the p:iteration-position. position.

Note to implementers

In the case where no XPath expression that must be evaluated by the processor makes any reference to p:iteration-size, its value does not actually have to be calculated (and the entire input sequence does not, therefore, need to be buffered so that its size can be calculated before processing begins).

4.2.2 Example

A p:for-each might accept a sequence of chapters as its input, process each chapter in turn with XSLT, a step that accepts only a single input document, and produce a sequence of formatted chapters as its output.

Example 5. A Sample For-Each
<p:for-each name="chapters">
  <p:iteration-source select="//chapter"/>
  <p:output port="html-results">
    <p:pipe step="make-html" port="result"/>
  </p:output>
  <p:output port="fo-results">
    <p:pipe step="make-fo" port="result"/>
  </p:output>

  <p:xslt name="make-html">
    <p:input port="stylesheet">
      <p:document href="http://example.com/xsl/html.xsl"/>
    </p:input>
  </p:xslt>

  <p:xslt name="make-fo">
    <p:input port="source">
      <p:pipe step="chapters" port="current"/>
    </p:input>
    <p:input port="stylesheet">
      <p:document href="http://example.com/xsl/fo.xsl"/>
    </p:input>
  </p:xslt>
</p:for-each>

The //chapter elements of the document are selected. Each chapter is transformed into HTML and XSL Formatting Objects using an XSLT step. The resulting HTML and FO documents are aggregated together and appear on the html-results and fo-results ports, respectively, of the chapters step itself.

4.3 p:viewport

A viewport is specified by the p:viewport element. It is a compound step that processes a single document, applying its subpipeline to one or more subtrees of the document.

<p:viewport
  name? = NCName
  match = XSLTMatchPattern>
    ((p:viewport-source? &
      p:output? &
      p:log?),
     subpipeline)
</p:viewport>

The result of the p:viewport is a copy of the original document where the selected subtrees have beensubsections replaced by the results of applying the subpipeline to them.

The p:viewport-source is an anonymous input: its its binding provides a single document to the p:viewport step. If no document is explicitly provided, then the viewport source is read from the default readable port. It is a dynamic error (err:XD0003) if the viewport source does not provide exactly one document.

The match attribute specifies an XSLTXPath expression that is matcha Pattern in pattern.. Each matching node in the source document is wrapped in a document node, as necessary,node and provided, one at a time,provided to the viewport's subpipeline on a port named current. The base URIprocessor of the resulting document that is passed to the subpipeline subpipeline is the base URIchildren of the matched p:viewport element or document. Itport isnamed current. What a dynamicon error ifthe the matchfrom expression on p:viewport doeswill be a copy not match an element or document.

Aftereach a match is replaced found, the entire subtree rooted at that match isto processed assubtree rooted a unit. Nonode. It further attempts aredynamic madeerror if to match nodes amongsource the descendants of any matched node.document.

The environment inherited by the contained steps of a p:viewport is the inherited environment with these modifications:

TheIf the p:viewport must contain a single, primary output port explicit declared explicitly or supplied by default. Ifthat that port has no binding, then it is bound to the primary output port of the last step in the subpipeline. It is a static error (err:XS0006) if the primary output port has no binding and the last step in the subpipeline does not have a primary output port.

What appears on the output from the p:viewport will be a copy of the input document where each matching node is replaced by the result of applying the subpipeline to the subtree rooted at that node. In other words, if the match pattern matches a particular element then that element is wrapped in a document node and provided on the current port, the subpipeline in the p:viewport is evaluated, and the result that appears on the output port replaces the matched element.

If no documents appear on the output port, the matched element will effectively be deleted. If exactly one document appears, the contents of that document will replace the matched element. If a sequence of documents appears, then the contents of each document in that sequence (in the order it appears in the sequence) will replace the matched element.

The output of the p:viewport itself is a single document that appears on a port named “result”. Note that the semantics of p:viewport are special. The output port in the p:viewport is used only to access the results of the subpipeline. The output of the step itself appears on a port with the fixed name “result” that is never explicitly declared.

4.3.1 XPath Context

Within a p:viewport, the p:iteration-position and p:iteration-size are taken from the sequence of documents that will be processed by the p:viewport. The total number of documents is the p:iteration-size; size; the ordinal value of the current document (the document appearing on the current port) is the p:iteration-position. position.

Note to implementers

In the case where no XPath expression that must be evaluated by the processor makes any reference to p:iteration-size, its value does not actually have to be calculated (and the entire input sequence does not, therefore, need to be buffered so that its size can be calculated before processing begins).

4.3.2 Example

A p:viewport might accept an XHTML document as its input, add an hr element at the beginning of all div elements that have the class value “chapter”, and return an XHTML document that is the same as the original except for that change.

Example 6. A Sample Viewport
<p:viewport match="h:div[@class='chapter']"
            xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <p:insert position="first-child">
    <p:input port="insertion">
      <p:inline>
        <hr xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"/>
      </p:inline>
    </p:input>
  </p:insert>
</p:viewport>

The nodes which match h:div[@class='chapter'] (according to the rules of ) in the input document are selected. An hr is inserted as the first child of each h:div and the resulting version replaces the original h:div. The result of the whole step is a copy of the input document with a horizontal rule as the first child of each selected h:div.

4.4 p:choose

A choose is specified by the p:choose element. It is a multi-container step that selects exactly one of a list of alternative subpipelines based on the evaluation of XPath expressions.

<p:choose
  name? = NCName>
    (p:xpath-context?,
     p:variable*,
     p:when*,
     p:otherwise?)
</p:choose>

A p:choose has no inputs. It contains an arbitrary number of alternative subpipelines, exactly one of which will be evaluated.

The list of alternative subpipelines consists of zero or more subpipelines guarded by an XPath expression, followed optionally by a single default subpipeline.

The p:choose considers each subpipeline in turn and selects the first (and only the first) subpipeline for which the guard expression evaluates to true in its context. If there are no subpipelines for which the expression evaluates to true, the default subpipeline, if it was specified, is selected.

After a subpipeline is selected, it is evaluated as if only it had been present.

The outputs of the p:choose are taken from the outputs of the selected subpipeline. The p:choose has the same number of outputs as the selected subpipeline with the same names. If the selected subpipeline has a primary output port, the port with the same name on the p:choose is also a primary output port.

In order to ensure that the output of the p:choose is consistent irrespective of the subpipeline chosen, each subpipeline must declare the same number of outputs with the same names and the same settings withnames. respect to sequences. If any of the subpipelines specifies a primary output port, each subpipeline must specify exactly the same output as primary. It is a static error (err:XS0007) if two subpipelines in a p:choose declare different outputs.

It is a dynamic error (err:XD0004) if no subpipeline is selected by the p:choose and no default is provided.

The p:choose can specify the context node against which the XPath expressions that occur on each branch are evaluated. The context node is specified as a binding for the p:xpath-context. If no binding is provided, the default p:xpath-context is the document on the default readable port.

Each conditional subpipeline is represented by a p:when element. The default branch is represented by a p:otherwise element.

4.4.1 p:xpath-context

A p:xpath-contextXPath element specifies the context against which an XPath expression will be evaluated. When it appears infor a p:when, it specifies the context for that p:when’s test attribute. When it appears in p:choose, it specifies the default context for all of the p:when elements in that. p:choose.

<p:xpath-context>
    (p:empty |
      p:pipe |
      p:document |
      p:inline)?
</p:xpath-context>

Only one binding is allowed and it works the same way that bindings work on a p:input. No select expression is allowed. It is a dynamic error (err:XD0005) if the xpath-context is bound to a sequence of documents.

In an XPath 1.0 implementation, ifIf the context node is bound to p:empty, or is unbound and the default readable port is undefined, an empty document node is used instead as the context. In an XPath 2.0 implementation, the context item is undefined.

4.4.2 p:when

A when specifies one subpipeline guarded by a test expression.

<p:when
  test = XPathExpression>
    (
p:xpath-context?,
     (p:output |
      p:log)*,
     subpipeline)
</p:when>

Each p:when branch of the p:choose has a test attribute which must contain an XPath expression. That XPath expression's effective boolean value is the guard expression for the subpipeline contained within that p:when.

It is a dynamic error if the value of the test attribute is not a valid XPath expression. The p:when can specify a context node against which its test expression is to be evaluated. That context node is specified as a binding for the p:xpath-context. If no context is specified on the p:when, the context of the p:choose is used.

4.4.3 p:otherwise

An otherwise specifies the default branch; the subpipeline selected if no test expression on any preceding p:when evaluates to true.

<p:otherwise>
    ((p:output |
      p:log)*,
     subpipeline)
</p:otherwise>

4.4.4 Example

A p:choose might test the version attribute of the document element and validate with an appropriate schema.

Example 7. A Sample Choose
<p:choose name="version">
  <p:when test="/*[@version = 2]">
    <p:validate-with-xml-schema>
      <p:input port="schema">
        <p:document href="v2schema.xsd"/>
      </p:input>
    </p:validate-with-xml-schema>
  </p:when>

  <p:when test="/*[@version = 1]">
    <p:validate-with-xml-schema>
      <p:input port="schema">
        <p:document href="v1schema.xsd"/>
      </p:input>
    </p:validate-with-xml-schema>
  </p:when>

  <p:when test="/*[@version]">
    <p:identity/>
  </p:when>

  <p:otherwise>
    <p:output port="result">
      <!-- this output is necessary so that all the branches have
           the same outputs; it'll never really matter because
           we're just about to raise an error. -->
      <p:inline>
        <nop/>
      </p:inline>
    </p:output>
    <p:error code="NOVERSION">
      <p:input port="source">
     <p:inline>
       <message>Requiredcode="NOVERSION"
        description="Required version attribute missing.</message>
     </p:inline>
      </p:input>
    </p:error>missing."/>
  </p:otherwise>
</p:choose>

4.6 p:try

A try/catch is specified by the p:try element. It is a multi-container step that isolates a subpipeline, preventing any dynamic errors that arise within it from being exposed to the rest of the pipeline.

<p:try
  name? = NCName>
    (p:variable*,
      p:group,
      p:catch)
</p:try>

The p:group represents the initial subpipeline and the recovery (or “catch”) pipeline is identified with a p:catch element.

The p:try step evaluates the initial subpipeline and, if no errors occur, the outputs of that pipeline are the outputs of the p:try step. However, if any errors occur, the p:try abandons the first subpipeline, discarding any output that it might have generated, and evaluates the recovery subpipeline.

If the recovery subpipeline is evaluated, the outputs of the recovery subpipeline are the outputs of the p:try step. If the recovery subpipeline is evaluated and a step within that subpipeline fails, the p:try fails.

The outputs of the p:try are taken from the outputs of the initial subpipeline or the recovery subpipeline if an error occurred in the initial subpipeline. The p:try has the same number of outputs as the selected subpipeline with the same names. If the selected subpipeline has a primary output port, the port with the same name on the p:try is also a primary output port.

In order to ensure that the output of the p:try is consistent irrespective of whether the initial subpipeline provides its output or the recovery subpipeline does, both subpipelines must declare the same number of outputs with the same names and the same settings with respect to sequences.names. If either of the subpipelines specifies a primary output port, both subpipelines must specify exactly the same output as primary. It is a static error (err:XS0009) if the p:group and p:catch subpipelines declare different outputs.

A pipeline author can cause an error to occur with the p:error step.

The recovery subpipeline of a p:try is identified with a p:catch:

<p:catch>
    ((p:output |
      p:log)*,
     subpipeline)
</p:catch>

The environment inherited by the contained steps of the p:catch is the inherited environment with this modification:

What appears on the error output port is an error document. The error document may contain messages generated by steps that were part of the initial subpipeline. Not all messages that appear are indicative of errors; for example, it is common for all xsl:message output from the XSLT component to appear on the error output port. It is possible that the component which fails may not produce any messages at all. It is also possible that the failure of one component may cause others to fail so that there may be multiple failure messages in the document.

4.6.1 The Error Vocabulary

In general, it is very difficult to predict error behavior. Step failure may be catastrophic (programmer error), or it may be be the result of user error, resource failures, etc. Steps may detect more than one error, and the failure of one step may cause other steps to fail as well.

The p:try/p:catch mechanism gives pipeline authors the opportunity to process the errors that caused the p:try to fail. In order to facilitate some modicum of interoperability among processors, errors that are reported on the error output port of a p:catch should conform to the format described here.

4.6.1.3 Error Example

Consider the following XSLT stylesheet:

<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
                version="1.0">

<xsl:template match="/">
  <xsl:message terminate="yes">
    <xsl:text>This stylesheet is </xsl:text>
    <emph>pointless</emph>
    <xsl:text>.</xsl:text>
  </xsl:message>
</xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

If it was used in a step named “xform” in a p:try, the following error document might be produced:

<c:errors xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/2007/03/xproc-step">
  <c:error name="xform" type="p:xslt"
             href="style.xsl" line="6">This stylesheet is <emph>pointless</emph>.</c:error>
</c:errors>

It is not an error for steps to generate non-standard error output as long as it is well-formed.

4.6.2 Example

A pipeline might attempt to process a document by dispatching it to some web service. If the web service succeeds, then those results are passed to the rest of the pipeline. However, if the web service cannot be contacted or reports an error, the p:catch step can provide some sort of default for the rest of the pipeline.

Example 9. An Example Try/Catch
<p:try>
  <p:group>
    <p:http-request>
      <p:input port="source">
        <p:inline>
          <c:request method="post" href="http://example.com/form-action">
            <c:entity-body content-type="application/x-www-form-urlencoded">
              <c:body>name=W3C&amp;spec=XProc</c:body>
            </c:entity-body>
          </c:request>
        </p:inline>
      </p:input>
    </p:http-request>
  </p:group>
  <p:catch>
    <p:identity>
      <p:input port="source">
        <p:inline>
          <c:error>HTTP Request Failed</c:error>
        </p:inline>
      </p:input>
    </p:identity>
  </p:catch>
</p:try>

4.7 Atomic Steps

In addition to six step types described in the precedingas sections,contained XProcsteps provides a standard library ofnot atomic step types. The full vocabulary of standards steps is described in Section 7, “Standard Step Library”.

Allany of the standard, atomicignored namespaces. steps are invoked in the same way:steps:

<pfx:atomic-step
  name? = NCName>
    (p:input |
     p:with-option |
     p:with-param |
     p:log)*
</pfx:atomic-step>

WhereEach atomic step pfx:atomic must be in the XProc namespace and mustp:pipeline be declared in either the standard library for thep:declare-step XProc version supported by the processor or explicitly imported by the surrounding pipeline (see Section 2.11, “Versioning Considerations).

4.8 ExtensionPipelines Steps

Pipelinecan authors may alsothemselves (recursion have access to additionalpipelines defined in steps not definedand to or described by this specification. Atomic extension steps are invoked just like standard steps:a library.

<pfx:atomic-step
  name? = NCName>
    (p:input |
     p:with-option |
     p:with-param |
     p:log)*
</pfx:atomic-step>

Extension steps muststep notelement be in the XProc namespace andas there musttype be a visible step declaration at the point of use (see Section 3.2, “Scoping of Names”).

If the relevant step declaration has no subpipelinep:declare-step, then that step invokes the declared atomic step,step. If which the processor must know how to perform. Thesesame steps are implementation-defined extensions.

If the relevant step declaration has a subpipelinep:pipeline, then that step runs the declared subpipeline.pipeline These stepsby that are user-type or implementation-definedname. The extensions. Pipelinespresence can refer to themselves (recursionsteps is implementation-defined; allowed), to pipelines defined in imported libraries,standard and to other pipelines in the same library ifwhat they are in a library.contain.

It is a static error (err:XS0010) if a pipeline contains a step whose specified inputs, outputs, and options do not match the signature for steps of that type.

It is a dynamic error (err:XD0017) if the running pipeline attempts to invoke a step which the processor does not know how to perform.

The presence of other compound steps is implementation-defined; XProc provides no standard mechanism for defining them or describing what they can contain. It is a static error (err:XS0048) to use a declared step as a compound step.

4.8.1 Syntactic Shortcut for Option Values

Namespace qualified attributes on a step are extension attributes. Attributes, other than name, that are not namespace qualified are treated as a syntactic shortcut for specifying the value of an option. In other words, the following two steps are equivalent:

The first step uses the standard p:with-option syntax:

<ex:stepType>
  <p:with-option name="option-name" select="'some value'"/>value="5"/>
</ex:stepType>

The second step uses the syntactic shortcut:

<ex:stepType option-name="some value"/>option-name="5"/>

Note that there are significant limitations to this shortcut syntax:

  1. It only applies to option names that are not in a namespace.

  2. It only applies to option names that are not otherwise used on the step, such as “name”.

  3. It can only be used to specify a constant value. Options that are computed atwith a runtimeselect expression must be written using the longer form.

It is a static error (err:XS0027) if an option is specified with both the shortcut form and the long form. It is a static error (err:XS0031) to use an an option on an atomic step that is not declared on steps of that type.

The syntactic shortcuts apply equally to standard atomic steps and extension atomic steps.

5 Other pipeline elements

5.1 p:input

A p:input identifies an input port for a step. In some contexts, p:input declares that a port with the specified name exists and identifies the properties of that port. In other contexts, it provides a binding for a port with a specified name (in which case it must have been declared elsewhere. Andelsewhere). in some contexts, it does both. The semantics of p:input are are complicated further by the fact that there are two kinds of inputs, inputs, ordinary “document” inputs and “parameter” inputs.

5.1.1 Documentdeclaration and a binding. In other contexts, it is only Inputs
On a p:declare-step, the p:input element is only a declaration. On a p:pipeline, it is both a a binding.

TheAn input declaration ofmay include a default binding. If no binding is provided for an input port which has a documentdefault binding, then the input identifiesis treated as if the namedefault binding appeared. A default binding does not of the requirement that a port,primary input port is whether or not the processor, nor is it used when no default readable port acceptsis defined. In other words, a p:declare-step or a sequence,p:pipeline can define defaults for all of its inputs, whether they are primary or notnot, but defining a default for a primary input usually has no effect. It's never used by an atomic step since the the step, when it's called, portwill always is a primary input port, to the default readable port (or cause a static error). The only case where it has and may provide a p:pipeline when that pipeline is invoked directly by the processor. In that case, the processor must use the default binding if no external binding is provided for the port. It is a static error for a p:pipe to appear in a default binding. Document Inputs The declaration Anof a document input declarationidentifies the name of the port, whether or not the port accepts a sequence, and whether or has the followingport is form:a primary input port.

<p:input
  port = NCName
  sequence? = boolean
  primary? = boolean
  kind? = "document"
  select? = XPathExpression>
    (p:empty |
      (p:document |
       p:inline)+)?
</p:input>

The port attribute defines the name of the port. It is a static error (err:XS0011) to identify two ports with the same name on the same step.

The sequence attribute determines whether or not a sequence of documents is allowed on the port. If sequence is not specified, or has the value “false”, then it is a dynamic error (err:XD0006) unless exactly one document appears on the declared port.

The primary attribute is used to identify the primary input port. An input port is a primary input port if primary is specified with the value “true” or if the step has only a single input port and primary is not specified. It is a static error (err:XS0030) to specify that more than one input port is the primary.

The kind attribute distinguishes between between the two kinds of inputs: document inputs and parameter inputs. An input port is a document input port if kind is specified with the value document“document” or if kind is not specified.

If ap:declare-step, default bindingp:input is provided, thenthe input selectport. mayIt be used to selectis a portionstatic oferror the input identifiedif by the p:empty,declaration p:document,of or p:inline elementsdocument in the p:input.

On an atomic step, it specifies a binding for the input. An input binding has the following form:input:

<p:input
  port = NCName
  select? = XPathExpression>
    (p:empty |
      (p:pipe |
       p:document |
       p:inline)+)?
</p:input>

If no binding is provided for aprovided, primary input port, the input will be bound to the default readable port. It is a static error (err:XS0032) if no binding is provided and the default readable port is undefined.

A select expression may also be provided with a binding. The select expression, if specified, applies the specified XPath select expression to the document(s) that are read. Each selected node is wrapped in a document (unless it is a document) and provided to the input port. In other words,

<p:input port="source">
  <p:document href="http://example.org/input.html"/>
</p:input>

provides a single document, but

<p:input port="source" select="//html:div" xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <p:document href="http://example.org/input.html"/>
</p:input>

provides a sequence of zero or more documents, one for each html:div in http://example.org/input.html. (Note that in the case of nested html:div elements, this may result in the same content being returned in several documents.)

A select expression can equally be applied to input read from another step. This input:

<p:input port="source" select="//html:div" xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <p:pipe step="origin" port="result"/>
</p:input>

provides a sequence of zero or more documents, one for each html:div in the document (or each of the documents) that is read from the result port of the step named origin.

It is a dynamic error (err:XD0016) if the select expression on a p:input returns anything other than a possibly empty set of element or document nodes.

When a p:input is used in any context where it provides only a binding (e.g., on an atomic step), it is a static error (err:XS0012) if the port given does not match the name of an input port specified in the step's declaration.

An input declaration may include a default binding. If no binding is provided for an input port which has a default binding, then the input is treated as if the default binding appeared.

A default binding does not satisfy the requirement that a primary input port is automatically connected by the processor, nor is it used when no default readable port is defined. In other words, a p:declare-step or a p:pipeline can define defaults for all of its inputs, whether they are primary or not, but defining a default for a primary input usually has no effect. It's never used by an atomic step since the the step, when it's called, will always bind the primary input port to the default readable port (or cause a static error). The only case where it has value is on a p:pipeline when that pipeline is invoked directly by the processor. In that case, the processor must use the default binding if no external binding is provided for the port.

5.1.2 Parameter Inputs

The declaration of a parameter input identifies the name of the port and that the port is a parameter input.

<p:input
  port = NCName
  sequence? = boolean
  primary? = boolean
  kind = "parameter" />

The port attribute defines the name of the port. It is a static error (err:XS0011) to identify two ports with the same name on the same step.

The sequence attribute determines whether or not a sequence of documents is allowed on the port. A sequence of documents is always allowed on a parameter input port. It is a static error (err:XS0040) to specify any value other than “true”.

The primary attribute is used to identify the primary parameter input port. An input port is a primary parameter input port if it is a parameter input port and primary is specified with the value “true” or if the step has only a single parameter input port and primary is not specified. It is a static error (err:XS0030) to specify that more than one parameter input port is the primary.

The kind attribute distinguishes between the two kinds of inputs: document inputs and parameter inputs. An input port is a parameter input port only if the kind attribute is specified with the value “parameter”. It is a static error (err:XS0033) to specify any kind of input other than “document” or “parameter”.

A parameter input port is a distinguished kind of input port. It exists only to receive computed parameters; if a step does not have a parameter input port then it cannot receive parameters. A parameter input port must satisfy all the constraints of a normal, document input port.

It is a static error (err:XS0035) if the declaration of a parameter input port contains a binding; parameter input port declarations must be empty.

When used on a step, parameter input ports always accept a sequence of documents. If no binding is provided for a primary parameter input port, then the port will be bound to the primary parameter input port of the pipelinep:pipeline which contains the step. If no binding is provided for a parameter input port other than the primary parameter input port, then the port will be bound to an empty sequence of documents. It is a static error (err:XS0055) if a primary parameter input port has no binding and the pipeline that contains the step has no primary parameter input port.

If a parameter input port on a p:pipeline is not bound, it is treated as if it was bound to an automatically created p:sink step. In other words, if a p:pipeline does not contain any steps that have parameter input ports, or if those ports are all explicitly bound elsewhere, the parameter input port is ignored. In this one case, it is not an error for an input port to be unbound.

If a binding is manufactured for a primary parameter input port, that binding occurs logically last among the other parameters, options, and bindings passed to the step. In other words, the parameter values that appear on that port will be used even if other values were specified with p:with-param elements. Users can change this priority by making the binding explicit and placing any p:with-param elements that they wish to function as overrides after the binding.

All of the documents that appear on a parameter input must either be c:param documents or c:param-set documents.

A step which accepts a parameter input reads all of the documents presented on that port, using each c:param (either at the root or inside the c:param-set) to establish the value of the named parameter. If the same name appears more than once, the last value specified is used. If the step also has literal p:with-param elements, they are are also considered in document order. In other words, p:with-param elements that appear before the parameter input may be overridden by the computed parameters; p:with-param elements that appear after may override the computed values.

Consider the example in Example 10, “A Parameter Example”.

Example 10. A Parameter Example
<p:pipeline xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc">name="main"
       xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc"
       xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<p:input port="source"/>
<p:input port="parameters" kind="parameter"/>
<p:output port="result"/>

<p:xslt>
  <p:input port="source">
    <p:pipe step="main" port="source"/>
  </p:input>
  <p:input port="stylesheet">
    <p:document href="http://example.com/stylesheets/doc.xsl"/>
  </p:input>
  <p:with-param name="output-type" select="'html'"/>
  <p:input port="parameters">
    <p:pipe step="main" port="parameters"/>
  </p:input>
</p:xslt>

</p:pipeline>

This p:pipeline declares that it accepts parameters. Suppose that (through some implementation-defined mechanism) I have passed the parameters “output-type=fo” and “profile=unclassified” to the pipeline. These parameters are available on the parameters input port.

When the XSLT step runs, it will read those parameters and combine them with any parameters specified literally on the step. Because the parameter input comes after the literal declaration for output-type on the step, the XSLT stylesheet will see both values that I passed in (“output-type=fo” and “profile=unclassified”).

If the parameter input came before the literal declaration, then the XSLT stylesheet would see “output-type=html” and “profile=unclassified”.

Most steps don't bother to declare parameter inputs, or provide explicit bindings for them, and “the right thing” usually happens.

5.1.2.1 The c:param element

A c:param represents a parameter on a parameter input.

<c:param
  name = QName
  namespace? = anyURI
  value = string />

The name attribute of the c:param must have the lexical form of a QName.

If the namespace attribute is specified, then the expanded name of the parameter is constructed from the specified namespace and the local-name part of the name value (in other words, the prefix, if any, is ignored).

If the namespace attribute is not specified, and the name contains a colon, then the expanded name of the parameter is constructed using the name value and the namespace declarations in-scope on the c:param element.

If the namespace attribute is not specified, and the name does not contain a colon, then the expanded name of the parameter is in no namespace.

Any namespace-qualified attribute names that appear on the c:param element are ignored. It is a dynamic error (err:XD0014) for any unqualified attribute names other than “name”, “namespace”, or “value” to appear on a c:param element.

5.1.2.2 The c:param-set element

A c:param-set represents a set of parameters on a parameter input.

<c:param-set>
    c:param*
</c:param-set>

The c:param-set contains zero or more c:param elements. It is a dynamic error (err:XD0018) if the parameter list contains any elements other than c:param.

Any namespace-qualified attribute names that appear on the c:param-set element are ignored. It is a dynamic error (err:XD0014) for any unqualified attribute names to appear on a c:param-set element.

5.2 p:iteration-source

A p:iteration-source identifies input to a p:for-each.

<p:iteration-source
  select? = XPathExpression>
    (p:empty |
      (p:pipe |
       p:document |
       p:inline)+)?
</p:iteration-source>

The select attribute and binding of a p:iteration-source work the same way that they do in a p:input.

5.3 p:viewport-source

A p:viewport-source identifies input to a p:viewport.

<p:viewport-source>
    (p:pipe |
      p:document |
      p:inline)?
</p:viewport-source>

Only one binding is allowed and it works the same way that bindings work on a p:input. It is a dynamic error (err:XD0006) unless exactly one document appears on the p:viewport-source. No select expression is allowed.

5.4 p:output

A p:output identifies an output port, optionally binding an input fordeclaring it, if necessary.

<p:output
  port = NCName
  sequence? = boolean
  primary? = boolean />

The port attribute defines the name of the port. It is a static error (err:XS0011) to identify two ports with the same name on the same step. It is a static error if the port given does not match the name of an output port specified in the step's declaration.

An output declaration can indicate if a sequence of documents is allowed to appear on the declared port. If sequence is specified with the value “true”, then a sequence is allowed. If sequence is not specified on p:output, or has the value “false”, then it is a dynamic error (err:XD0007) if the step does not produce exactly one document on the declared port.

The primary attribute is used to identify the primary output port. An output port is a primary output port if primary is specified with the value “true” or if the step has only a single output port and primary is not specified. It is a static error (err:XS0014) to identify more than one output port as primary.

On compound steps, the declaration may be accompanied by a binding for the output.

<p:output
  port = NCName
  sequence? = boolean
  primary? = boolean>
    (p:empty |
      (p:pipe |
       p:document |
       p:inline)+)?
</p:output>

It is a static error (err:XS0029) to specify a binding for a p:output inside a p:declare-step for an atomic step..

If a binding is provided for a p:output, documents are read from that binding and those documents form the output that is written to the output port. In other words, placing a p:document inside a p:output causes the processor to read that document and provide it on the output port. It does not cause the processor to write the output to that document.

5.5 p:log

A p:log element is a debugging aid. It associates a URI with a specific output port on a step:

<p:log
  port = NCName
  href? = anyURI />

The semantics of p:log are that it writes to the specified URI whatever document or documents appear on the specified port. If the href attribute is not specified, the location of the log file or files is implementation-defined.

How a sequence of documents is represented in a p:log is implementation-defined.

It is a static error (err:XS0026) if the port specified on the p:log is not the name of an output port on the step in which it appears or if more than one p:log element is applied to the same port.

Implementations may, at user option, ignore all p:log elements.

Note

This element represents a potential security risk: running unexamined 3rd-party pipelines could result in vital system resources being overwritten.

5.6 p:serialization

The p:serialization element allows the user to request serialization properties on a p:pipeline output.

<p:serialization
  port = NCName
  byte-order-mark? = boolean
  cdata-section-elements? = NMTOKENS
  doctype-public? = string
  doctype-system? = string
  encoding? = string
  escape-uri-attributes? = boolean
  include-content-type? = boolean
  indent? = boolean
  media-type? = string
  method? = QName
  normalization-form? = NFC|NFD|NFKC|NFKD|fully-normalized|none|xs:NMTOKEN
  omit-xml-declaration? = boolean
  standalone? = true|false|omit
  undeclare-prefixes? = boolean
  version? = string />

If the pipeline processor serializes the output on the specified port, it must use the serialization options specified. If the processor is not serializing (if, for example, the pipeline has been called from another pipeline), then the p:serialization must be ignored. The processor may reject statically a pipeline that requests serialization options that it cannot provide.

The default value of any unspecified serialization option is implementation-defined.

The semantics of the attributes on a p:serialization are described in Section 7.3, “Serialization Options”.

It is a static error (err:XS0039) if the port specified on the p:serialization is not the name of an output port on the pipeline in which it appears or if more than one p:serialization element is applied to the same port.

5.7 Variables, Options,Options and Parameters

Variables, options,Options and parameters provide a mechanism for pipeline authorsdistinguishes them to construct temporary results and hold onto them forexpected to reuse.

Variablesknow are created in compound steps and, like XSLT variables, are single assignment, though they mayspecified be shadowed by subsequent declarations of other variables with the same name.

Options canmay be declared on atomic or compound steps. The value of an optionthey can be specified by the caller invoking the step. Anyname value specified by the caller takes precedence over any default value specified inby the declaration.

Parameters, unlike options and variables, have names that can be computed at runtime. The most common use of parameters is to pass parameter values to XSLT stylesheets.

5.7.1 p:variable

A p:variable declares a variable and associates a value with it.

The name of the variable must be a QName. Ifelement it does not contain a prefix then it is in no namespace. It is a static error (err:XS0028)both to declare an option or variable in the XProc namespace.

<p:variable
  name = QName
  select = XPathExpression>
    ((p:empty |
      p:pipe |
      p:document |
      p:inline)? &
     p:namespaces*)
</p:variable>

If a select expression is given, it is evaluated as an XPath expression using the context defined in Section 2.6.1, “Processor XPath Context”, for the enclosing container, with the addition of bindings for allOn preceding-sibling p:variable, and p:optiondeclares elements. Regardless ofthat the implicit type ofaccepts the expression, whennamed XPath 1.0 is being used, the stringa value of the expressiondefault becomes the value of the variable; when XPath 2.0 is beingfor used, the type is treated as anoption. untypedAtomic.

Since all in-scope bindings are present in the Processor XPath Context as variable bindings, select expressions may refer to the value of in-scope bindings by variable reference. IfOn a variablecompound step, reference uses a QName that isfor not the name of an in-scopeoption, binding,simultaneously an XPath evaluation error will occur.it.

If a selectan expression is given, the readable ports available for document binding are the readable ports in the environmentatomic inherited by the first step in the surrounding container's contained steps. However, in order to avoid, ordering paradoxes, it is a static error (err:XS0019)value for a variable's document binding to refer to the outputone port of any step in the surrounding container's contained steps.

If a select expression is given but no document binding is provided, the implicit binding is to the default readable portspecified in the environment inherited by the first step in thedeclaration. surrounding container's contained steps. It is a static error (err:XS0032) if no document binding is provided and the default readable port is undefined. It is a dynamic error (err:XD0008) if a document sequence is specified in the document binding for a p:variable. In an XPath 1.0 implementation, ifon p:empty is given as the document binding, an empty document node is usedwith as the context node. In an XPath 2.0 implementation, the context item is undefined.name.

5.7.2 p:optionDeclaring Options

A p:optionare declares an option and may associate a default value with it. The putting p:option tag can only bethe used in a p:declare-step or a p:pipeline (which isthat a syntactic abbreviation foratomic a step declaration).

The name of the option must be a QName. If it does not contain a prefix then it is in no namespace. It is a static error (err:XS0028) to declare an option or variable in the XProc namespace.

<p:option
  name = QName
  required? = boolean />

An option may be declared as required. If an option is required, it is a static error (err:XS0018) to invoke the step without specifying a value for that option.

If an option is not declared to be required, it may be given a default value. The value is specified with a select attribute.

It is a static error (err:XS0017) to specify that an option is both required and has a default value.

If a select attribute is specified, its contentUsing is an XPath expression which will be evaluated to provide the value of the variable, which may differ from one instance of the step type to another.

<p:option
  name = QName
  select = XPathExpression />

Options

The selectare expression is only evaluated when its actual value is needed by an instance of the step type being declared. In this case, it is evaluated as described in Section 5.7.3, “p:with-option except that

  • the context node is an empty document node;

  • the variable bindings consist only of bindingsto for options whose declarationon precedes the p:option itself in the surroundingparticular step signature;

  • the in-scope namespaces are the in-scope namespaces of thewith p:option. itself.

It follows that if the select expressionThe contains a variable reference that uses a QName that is not the name of an preceding sibling p:option declaration, an XPath evaluation error will occur.

Regardless of the implicit type of the expression, when XPath 1.0 is being used, the string value of the expression becomes the value of the option; when XPath 2.0it is being used, the value is an untypedAtomic.

5.7.3 p:with-option

A p:with-option provides an actual value for an optionnamespace. when a step is invoked.

The name of the option must be given a QName.value If it does not contain a prefixused. then it is in no namespace. It is a static error (err:XS0031) to use an undeclared option name in p:with-optionan if thestep. Assigning step type being invokedOptions When has not declared an option with that name.

Itit ismay a static error (err:XS0004)given to include more than one p:with-optionis with the samemust option namegiven a as part of the same step invocation.value.

The actual value is specified in two ways: with a select attribute. Itvalue isattribute. If a static error (err:XS0016) if the select attribute is not specified.given, The value of the select attribute isas an XPath expression which will be evaluated to provide the value of. the variable.

<p:with-option
  name = QName
  select = XPathExpression>
    ((p:empty |
      p:pipe |
      p:document |
      p:inline)? &
     p:namespaces*)
</p:with-option>

Regardless of the implicit type of the expression,The when XPath 1.0 is being used, the string value of the expression becomes the value of the option;option. Since when XPath 2.0all is being used, the value is an untypedAtomic.

All in-scope bindings for the step instanceoptions itself are present in the Processor XPath Context as variable bindings, so select expressions may refer to any option or variable bound in thoseof in-scope bindingsoptions by variable reference. If It is a static error if the variable reference uses a QName that is not the name of an in-scope option. It is a dynamic error if bindinga or preceding sibling option, anspecified XPath evaluation error will occur.a p:option.

If a select expression is used but no document binding is provided, the implicit binding is to the default readable port. It is a static error (err:XS0032) if no document binding is is provided and the default readable port is undefined. ItIf is a dynamic error (err:XD0008) if a document sequencenode is specified in the binding for ato p:with-option. In, an XPath 1.0 implementation, if p:empty is given as the document binding, an empty document node is used instead as the contextcontext. If a node.value In an XPathspecified, its 2.0 implementation, the contextvalue of item is undefined.option.

5.7.4 p:with-param

The p:with-param element iscan be used to establish the namespace value of a parameter. The parametersee . If mustthe be given a valuean when itoption is used. (Parameter names aren't known in advance; there'snamespace no provision for declaring them.)

Thein-scope name ofon the parameter mustare be aits value QName. If it does not contain a prefix thenstep it is in no namespace. . It is a static error (err:XS0028) to use the XProc namespace inif the name of a parameter.

<p:with-param
  name = QName
  select = XPathExpression
  port? = NCName>
    ((p:empty |
      p:pipe |
      p:document |
      p:inline)? &
     p:namespaces*)
</p:with-param>

Thearen't values of parameters forthere's no a step mustdeclaring bethem.) The computed aftervalue all the options in the step's signaturewith have hada theirselect valuesor value computed. attribute. If a select expression is given on a p:with-param,given, it is evaluated as an XPath expression using the context defined in Section 2.6.1, “Processor XPath Context”, for the surrounding step, with. the addition of variableThe bindings for all options declared in the surrounding step's signature.

Regardless of the implicit type of the expression, when XPath 1.0 is being used, the string value of the expression becomes the value of the parameter;parameter. Since when XPath 2.0 is being used, the value is an untypedAtomic.

Allall in-scope bindings for the step instance itselfoptions are present in the Processor XPath Context as variable bindings, so select expressions may refer to any option or variable bound in thoseby in-scopevariable bindings,reference. asIt well as tostatic anyerror option declared in the step signature, by variable reference. If a variable reference uses a QName that is not the name of an in-scope option. It bindingis or declareddynamic option,error anif a document sequence is specified XPath evaluation error will occur.a p:parameter.

If a select expression is used but no document binding is provided, the implicit binding is to the default readable port. It is a static error (err:XS0032) if no document binding is provided and the default readable port is undefined. It If the context node is abound to dynamicp:empty, erroran ifempty a document sequencenode is specifiedused instead in the binding forcontext. If a p:with-param. In anvalue XPath 1.0 implementation,specified, its if p:emptybecomes is given as the document binding,parameter. It an empty documenta nodestatic iserror used asif the value context node. In an XPath 2.0select implementation, thevalue, or context item is undefined.specified.

If the optional port attribute is specified, then the parameter appears on the named port, otherwise the parameter appears on the step's primary parameter input port. It is a static error (err:XS0034) if the specified port is not a parameter input port or if no port is specified and the step does not have a primary parameter input port.

5.7.5 Namespaces on variables, options, and parametersNamespaces

Variable, optionOption and parameter values carry with them not only their literal or computed string value but also a set of namespaces. To see why this is necessary, consider the following step:

<p:delete xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc">
  <p:with-option name="match" select="'html:div'"
            xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"/>
</p:delete>

The p:delete step will delete elements that match the expression “html:div”, but that expression can only be correctly interpreted if there's a namespace binding for the prefix “html” so that binding has to travel with the option.

The default namespace bindings associated with a variable, option or parameter value are computed as follows:

  1. If the select attribute was used to specify the value and it consisted of a single VariableReference (per [XPath 1.0] or [XPath 2.0], as appropriate), then the namespace bindings from the referenced option or variable are used.

  2. If the select attribute was used to specify the value and it evaluated to a node-set, then the in-scope namespaces from the first node in the selected node-set (or, if it's not an element, its parent) are used.

    The expression is evaluated in the appropriate context, See Section 2.6, “XPaths in XProc”.

  3. Otherwise, the in-scope namespaces from the elementp:option providing thep:parameter value are used.

The default namespace is never included in the namespace bindings for an a variable, optionp:option or parameterp:parameter. value. Unqualified names are always in no-namespace.

Unfortunately, in more complex situations, there may be no single variable, option or parameter that can reliably be expected to have the correct set of namespace bindings. Consider this pipeline:

<p:pipeline type="ex:delete-in-div"
            xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc"
            xmlns:ex="http://example.org/ns/ex"
            xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<p:input port="source"/>
<p:output port="result"/>
<p:option name="divchild" required="true"/>

<p:delete>
  <p:with-option name="match" select="concat('h:div/',$divchild)"/>
</p:delete>

</p:pipeline>

It defines an atomic step (“ex:delete-in-div”) that deletes elements that occur inside of XHTML div elements. It might be used as follows:

<ex:delete-in-div xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc" xmlns:ex="http://www.example.org/xproc-extensions"><ex:delete-in-div>
  <p:with-option name="divchild" select="html:p[@class='delete']"
                 xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"/>
</ex:delete-in-div>

In this case, the match option passed to the p:delete step needs both the namespace binding of “h” specified in the ex:delete-in-div pipeline definition and the namespace binding of “html” specified in the divchild option on the call of that pipeline. It's not sufficient to provide just one of the sets of bindings.

The p:namespaces element can be used as a child of p:variable, p:with-optionp:option or p:with-param to provide explicit bindings.

<p:namespaces
  binding? = QName
  element? = XPathExpression
  except-prefixes? = prefix list />

The namespace bindings specified by a p:namespaces element are determined as follows:

  1. If the binding attribute is specified, it must contain the name of a single in-scope binding.option. The namespace bindings associated with that binding are used. It is a static error (err:XS0020) if the binding attribute on p:namespaces is specified and its value is not the name of an in-scope binding. used;

  2. If the element attribute is specified, it must contain an XPath expression which identifies a single element node (the input binding for this expression is the same as the binding for the p:option or p:with-param which contains it). The in-scope namespaces of that node are used.

    The expression is evaluated in the appropriate context, See Section 2.6, “XPaths in XProc”.

    It is a dynamic error (err:XD0009) if the element attribute on p:namespaces is specified and it does not identify a single element node.

  3. If neither binding nor element is specified, the in-scope namespaces on the p:namespaces element itself are used.

Irrespective of how the set of namespaces are determined, the except-prefixes attribute can be used to exclude one or more namespaces. The value of the except-prefixes attribute must be a sequence of tokens, each of which must be a prefix bound to a namespace in the in-scope namespaces of the p:namespaces element. All bindings of prefixes to each of the namespaces thus identified are excluded. It is a static error (err:XS0051) to specify both ifoption the except-prefixes attributeon the on p:namespaces doeselement. It not containis a liststatic of tokens orerror if any of those tokens is not a prefix bound to a namespacespecified in the in-scope namespacesprefix of the p:namespaces element.

Itlist is a static error (err:XS0041)not to specify both bindingan and elementin-scope on the same p:namespaces element. namespace.

If a p:variable, p:with-optionp:option or p:with-param includes one or more p:namespaces elements, then the union of all the namespaces specified on those elements are used as the bindings for the variable, option or parameter value. In this case, the in-scope namespaces on the p:variable, p:with-optionp:option or p:with-param are ignored. It is a dynamic error (err:XD0013) if the specified namespace bindings are inconsistent; that is, if the same prefix is bound to two different namespace names.

For example, this would allow the preceding example to work:

<p:pipeline type="ex:delete-in-div"
            xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc"
            xmlns:ex="http://example.org/ns/ex"
            xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<p:input port="source"/>
<p:output port="result"/>
<p:option name="divchild" required="true"/>

<p:delete>
  <p:with-option name="match" select="concat('h:div/',$divchild)">
    <p:namespaces xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                  xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"/>
  </p:with-option>
</p:delete>

</p:pipeline>

The p:namespaces element provides namespace bindings for both of the prefixes necessary to correctly interpret the expression ultimately passed to the p:delete step.

This solution has the weakness that it depends on knowing the bindings that will be used by the caller. A more flexible solution would use the binding attribute to copy the bindings from the caller's option value.

<?xml version='1.0'?>
<p:pipeline type="ex:delete-in-div" 
            name="main"
       xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc"
            xmlns:ex="http://example.org/ns/ex"
       xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<p:input xmlns:ex="http://example.org/ns/ex"port="source"/>
<p:output xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<p:option name="divchild" required="true"/>

<p:delete>
  <p:with-option name="match" select="concat('h:div/',$divchild)">
    <p:namespaces binding="divchild"/>
    <p:namespaces xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"/>
  </p:with-option>
</p:delete>

</p:pipeline>

This example will succeed as long as the caller-specified option does not bind the “h” prefix to something other than the XHTML namespace.

5.8 p:declare-step

A p:declare-step provides the type and signature of an atomic step or. pipeline. It declares the inputs, inputs, outputs, and options for all steps of that type.

<p:declare-step
  name? = NCName
  type? = QName
  psvi-required? = boolean
  xpath-version? = string>
    (p:input |
     p:output |
     p:option |
     p:log |
     p:serialization)*,
    ((p:declare-step |
      p:import)*,
     subpipeline)?
</p:declare-step>

Implementations may use extension attributes to provide implementation-dependent information about a declared step. For example, such an attribute might identify the code which implements steps of this type. The value of the type can be from any namespace provided that the expanded-QName of the value has a non-null namespace URI. It is a static error (err:XS0025) if the expanded-QName value of the type attribute is in no namespace. ExceptIf the as described in Section 2.11, “Versioning Considerations, the type is the XProc namespacenamespace, then the declaration must not be used in the type of steps. Neither users nor implementers may define additional steps in the XProc namespace.

p:pipeline-library

Irrespective of the context in whichA the p:declare-step occurs, there are initially nois option or variable names in-scope inside a p:declare-step. Thatcollection is, p:option and p:variable elements canstep refer to values declared by their preceding siblings, but not bydefinitions. any of their ancestors.

A step declarationp:pipeline-library is notspecifies a step in its own right. Siblingwith steps cannot refer to the inputsnamespace or outputs of a p:declare-step using p:pipe; onlyall instances of the type can be referenced.

5.8.1 Declaringuntyped atomic steps

Whenthat declaring an atomic step, theoccur subpipeline in the declaration mustlibrary be empty. And, conversely, if theare subpipeline in a declaration is empty, the declaration must bethat for an atomic step.namespace.

Implementations may use extension attributes to provide implementation-dependent information about a declared step. For example, such an attributegiven might identify the code whichfollowing implements stepspipeline of this type.library:

It<p:pipeline-library is not an error for a pipeline toxmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc" namespace="http://example.com/ns/pipelines"> <p:import include declarations forhref="ancillary-library.xml"/> steps that a particular processor does not know how to implement.<p:import It is, of course, an error to attempt to evaluate such steps.

href="other-pipeline.xml"/>

If<p:pipeline p:logname="validate"> <!-- or p:serializationdefinition elements appear in the declaration of an atomic step, they will only be used if the atomic--> step</p:pipeline> <p:pipeline is directlytype="my:format" xmlns:my="http://example.com/vanity/mine"> <!-- evaluated by the processor. They have no effect if the step appears in a subpipeline; only the serialization optionsdefinition of the “topformat level” step or pipeline are used because that is the only--> step which the processor is required to serialize.

</p:pipeline>
5.8.2 Declaring pipelines
</p:pipeline-library>

When a p:declare-stepThe declares a pipeline, that pipeline encapsulates the“validate” is behavior ofin the specified subpipelinehttp://example.com/ns/pipelines. Its children declare inputs,means outputs, and options that the pipeline exposes and identify the steps inimporting its subpipeline.

Thea subpipeline may include declarationsname of additional steps (e.g., other pipelines or other step types that are provided by a particular implementation or in some implementation-defined way) and import other pipelines. If a pipeline has been imported, it may be invoked as a step within the subpipeline that imported it.form:

<ex:validate> … </ex:validate>

The environment inherited by“ex” the subpipelineprefix is the emptyto environment with these modifications:http://example.com/ns/pipelines.)

  • All of the declared“format” inputs are added to the readableit portsmust in the environment.

  • Ifwith a primaryqualified input port is declared,of that port is the default readable port, otherwise the default readable port is undefined.form:

    <my:format> …
</my:format>

If a primary output port is(Assuming declared and that port has no“my” binding,prefix then it is bound to the primaryhttp://example.com/vanity/mine.) The output portlibrary of the last steponly in the subpipeline.that It is a static error (err:XS0006) if theare primary output port has no bindingin and the last step in the subpipelineit does not have a primaryto output port.

The requested xpath-versionlibraries mustthat be used to evaluate XPath expressions subject todirectly the constraints outlined in Section 2.6, “XPaths in XProc”.imported.

The psvi-required attribute allows theexpanded author toname declare thatof a step relies onis the processor's ability to passdenoted PSVI annotations between steps.its It is a static error (err:XS0049)type, if the psvi-requiredit attribute is “trueone, and the processor does not support passing PSVI annotations between steps. Ifby the attribute is not specified, the value “false” isnamespace assumed.

5.9 p:library

A p:library is a collection of step declarationsits and/or pipeline definitions.

<p:library
  xpath-version? = string>
    (p:import |
     p:declare-step)*
</p:library>

Librariesand can import pipelines and/or other libraries. It is a static error (err:XS0021) if the import references in a pipeline or pipeline library arename. circular.

5.10 p:import

An p:import loads a pipeline or pipeline library, making it available in the pipeline or library which contains the p:import.

<p:import
  href = anyURI />

An import statement loads the specified URI and makes any pipelines declared within it available to the current pipeline. An imported pipeline has an implicit signature that consists of the inputs, outputs, and options declared on it.

It is a static error (err:XS0052) if the URI of a p:import cannot be retrieved or if, once retrieved, it does not point to a p:library, p:declare-stepp:pipeline-library, or p:pipeline. It is a static error (err:XS0053) to import a single pipeline if that pipeline does not have a name or a type. It is a static error (err:XS0054) to import more than one pipeline with the same type (eitherexpanded directly orname within a library).

Attempts to retrieve the library identified by the URI value may be redirected at the parser level (for example, indirectly an entity resolver) or below (at the protocol level, for example, via an HTTP Location: header). In the absence of additional information outside the scope of this specification within the resource, the base URI of the library is always the URI of the actual resource returned. In other words, it is the URI of the resource retrieved after all redirection has occurred.

As imports are processed, a processor may encounter new p:import elements whose library URI is the same as one it has already processed in some other context. This may happen as a consequence of resolving the URI. If the actual base URI is the same as one that has already been processed, the implementation must recognize it as the same library and should not need to process the resource. Also, a duplicate, circular chain of imports, or a re-entrant import is not an error and implementations must take the necessary steps to avoid infinite loops and/or incorrect notification of duplicate step definitions. An example of such steps are listed in Appendix F, Handling Circular and Re-entrant Library Imports (Non-Normative).

A library is considered the same library if the URI of the resource retrieved is the same. If a pipeline or library author uses two different URI values that resolve to the same resource, they must not be considered the same imported library.

If the href URI, after being made absolute, begins “http://www.w3.org/YYYY/xproc-” (where YYYY is a four digit year), then it identifies the steps defined by a particular version of XProc. See Section 2.11, “Versioning Considerations.

If the value is recognized by the processor, that is, if the processor understands the specified version, then the processor should not retrieve the library. It simply serves to identify the set of XProc steps that can be used without declaration.

If the value is not recognized by the processor, then it must be retrieved and must point to a p:library. In such a library, and only in such a library, additional steps in the XProc namespace may be declared.

It is a static error (err:XS0050) if a pipeline attempts to import two (or more) libraries with URIs that identify steps associated with a particular version of XProc.library).

5.11 p:pipe

A p:pipe connects an input to a port on another step.

<p:pipe
  step = NCName
  port = NCName />

The p:pipe element connects to a readable port of another step. It identifies the readable port to which it connects with the name of the step in the step attribute and the name of the port on that step in the port attribute.

In all cases except the p:output of a compound step, it is a static error (err:XS0022) if the port identified by a p:pipe is not in the readable ports of the step that contains the p:pipe.

A p:pipe that is a binding for an p:output of a compound step may connect to one of the readable ports of the compound step or to an output port on one of the compound step's contained steps. In other words, the output of a compound step can simply be a copy of one of the available inputs or it can be the output of one of its children.

5.12 p:inline

A p:inline provides a document inline.

<p:inline
  ignore-inline-prefixes? = prefix list>
    anyElement
</p:inline>

The content of the p:inline element is wrapped in a document node and passed as input. The base URI of the document is the base URI of the p:inline element. It is a static error (err:XS0024) if the content of the p:inline element does not consist of exactly one element, optionally preceded and/or followed by any number of processing instructions, comments or whitespace characters.

The in-scope namespaces of the inline document differ from the in-scope namespace of the content of thea p:inline element in that bindingsinherit for all itsthe excluded namespaces, as defined below,that are removed:

  • Thein-scope XProc namespace itself (http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc) is excluded.

  • A namespace URI designated by using an exclude-inline-prefixes attribute onat the enclosing p:inlinepoint is excluded.

    Thethey value of the attribute is either #all, or a whitespace-separated list of tokens, each of which is either anamespaces namespace prefix or #default. The namespace bound to each ofin the prefixes is designated as an excluded namespace.document.

    It is a static error (err:XS0057) if a namespace prefix is used within the exclude-result-prefixes attribute and there is no namespace binding in scope for that prefix.

    The default namespacecontent of the p:inline may be designated as an excluded namespace by including #default in theconsist list of namespace prefixes.

    Itone is a static error (err:XS0058)optionally if the value #defaultby is used withinnumber the exclude-result-prefixes attributeprocessing and the p:inlineinstructions, has no default namespace.

    The value #all indicates that all namespaces that are in scope for the p:inline are designated as excluded namespaces.characters.

5.13 p:document

A p:document reads an XML document from a URI.

<p:document
  href = anyURI />

The document identified by the URI in the href attribute is loaded and returned.

It is a dynamic error (err:XD0011) if the document referenced by a p:document element does not exist, cannot be accessed, or is not a well-formed XML document.

The parser which the p:document element employs must be conformant to Namespaces in XML. It must not fail on well-formed, standalone XML. The external subset should not be processed, but some parsers do not provide that option. It is implementation-defined whether or not the external subset is processed. Loading the document must not fail due to validation errors.validation. It must not perform any other processing, such as expanding XIncludes.

Use the p:load step if you need to perform DTD-based validation or wish to perform other processing on the document before it is used by a step.

5.16 p:pipeinfo

A p:pipeinfo contains ancillary information for steps in the pipeline.

<p:pipeinfo>
    any-well-formed-content*
</p:pipeinfo>

There are no constraints on the content of the p:pipeinfo element, see Section 3.7, “Processor annotations.

6 Errors

Errors in a pipeline can be divided into two classes: static errors and dynamic errors.

6.1 Static Errors

[Definition: A static error is one which can be detected before pipeline evaluation is even attempted.] Examples of static errors include cycles, incorrect specification of inputs and outputs, and reference to unknown steps.

Static errors are fatal and must be detected before any steps are evaluated.

Static Errors
err:XS0001

It is a static error if there are any loops in the connections between steps: no step can be connected to itself nor can there be any sequence of connections through other steps that leads back to itself.

See: Connections

err:XS0002

All the named steps in the same scope must have unique names: it is a static error if two steps with the same name appear in the same scope.

See: Scoping of Names

err:XS0003

It is a static error if the port specified by a p:pipe is not in the readable ports of the environment.

See: Associating Documents with Ports

err:XS0004

ItAn is a staticbe error todeclared declare two required or more options on thegiven same step with the samedefault name.

See: p:optionDeclaring Options, p:with-option

err:XS0006

It is a static error if the primary output port has no binding and the last step in the subpipeline does does not have a primary output port.

See: p:for-each, p:viewport, Declaring pipelines

err:XS0007

It is a static error if two subpipelines in a p:choose declare different outputs.

See: p:choose

err:XS0008

It is a static error if any element in the XProc namespace has attributes not defined by this specification unless they are extension attributes.

See: Syntax Summaries

err:XS0009

It is a static error if the p:group and p:catch subpipelines declare different outputs.

See: p:try

err:XS0010

It is a static error if a pipeline contains a step whose specified inputs, outputs, and options do not match the signature for steps of that type.

See: ExtensionPipelines Steps

err:XS0011

It is a static error to identify two ports with the same name on the same step.

See: Documentdeclaration and a binding. In other contexts, it is only Inputs, Parameter Inputs, p:output

err:XS0012

it is a static error if the port given does not match the name of an input port specified in the step's declaration.

See: Documentdeclaration and a binding. In other contexts, it is only Inputs

err:XS0014

It is a static error to identify more than one output port as primary.

See: p:output

err:XS0015

It is a static error if a compound step has no contained steps.

See: Syntax Summaries

err:XS0016

It is a staticin error if the select attribute is not specified.

See: p:variable, p:with-option, p:with-param

err:XS0017

It is a static error to specify that an option is both required and has a default value.

See: p:optionDeclaring Options

err:XS0018

If an option is required, it is a static error to invoke the step without specifying a value for that option.

See: p:optionDeclaring Options

err:XS0019

it is a static errorvalue for a variable's document binding to refer to the outputone port of any step in the surrounding container's contained steps

See: p:variable

err:XS0020

It is a static error if the binding attribute on p:namespaces is specified and its value is not the name of an in-scope binding.

See: Namespaces on variables, options, and parametersNamespaces

err:XS0021

It is a static error if the import references in a pipeline or pipeline library arename. circular.

See: p:library

err:XS0022

In all cases except the p:output of a compound step, it is a static error if the port identified by a p:pipe is not in the readable ports of the step that contains the p:pipe.

See: p:pipe

err:XS0024

It is a static error if the content of the p:inline element does not consist of exactly one element, optionally preceded and/or followed by any number of processing instructions, comments or whitespace characters.

See: p:inline

err:XS0025

It is a static error if the expanded-QName value of the type attribute is in no namespace.

See: p:declare-step

err:XS0026

It is a static error if the port specified on the p:log is not the name of an output port on the step in which it appears or if more than one p:log element is applied to the same port.

See: p:log

err:XS0027

It is a static error if an option is specified with both the shortcut form and the long form.

See: Syntactic Shortcut for Option Values

err:XS0028

It is a static errorboth to declare an option or variable in the XProc namespace.

See: p:variable, p:optionDeclaring Options, p:with-param

err:XS0029

It is a static error to specify a binding for a p:output inside a p:declare-step for an atomic step..

See: p:output

err:XS0030

It is a static error to specify that more than one input port is the primary.

See: Documentdeclaration and a binding. In other contexts, it is only Inputs, Parameter Inputs

err:XS0031

It is a static error to use an an option on an atomic step that is not declared on steps of that type.

See: Syntactic Shortcut for Option Values, p:with-option

err:XS0032

It is a static error if no binding is provided and the default readable port is undefined.

See: Documentdeclaration and a binding. In other contexts, it is only Inputs, p:variable, p:with-option, p:with-param

err:XS0033

It is a static error to specify any kind of input other than “document” or “parameter”.

See: Parameter Inputs

err:XS0034

It is a static error if the specified port is not a parameter input port or if no port is specified and the step does not have a primary parameter input port.

See: p:with-param

err:XS0035

It is a static error if the declaration of a parameter input port contains a binding; parameter input port declarations must be empty.

See: Parameter Inputs

err:XS0036

All the step types in a pipeline must have unique names: it is a static error if any step type name is built-in and/or declared or defined more than once in the same scope.

See: Scoping of Names

err:XS0037

It is a static error if any step directly contains text nodes that do not consist entirely of whitespace.

See: Syntax Summaries

err:XS0038

It is a static error if any required attribute is not provided.

See: Syntax Summaries

err:XS0039

It is a static error if the port specified on the p:serialization is not the name of an output port on the pipeline in which it appears or if more than one p:serialization element is applied to the same port.

See: p:serialization

err:XS0040

It is a static error to specify any value other than “true”.

See: Parameter Inputs

err:XS0041

Itlist is a static errornot to specify both bindingan and elementin-scope on the same p:namespaces element.

See: Namespaces on variables, options, and parametersNamespaces

err:XS0042

Itdeclarations is a staticempty errorunless they to attempt to provide aand binding for an input port for on the declaration of an atomic step.

See: Documentdeclaration and a binding. In other contexts, it is only Inputs

err:XS0043

It is a static error if any attribute value does not satisfy the type required for that attribute.

See: Syntax Summaries

err:XS0044

It is a static error if any element in the XProc namespace or any step has element children other than those specified for it by this specification.

See: Syntax Summaries

err:XS0045

It is a static error if any string that must be interpreted as a QName uses a prefix for which there is not a namespace binding.

See: Syntax Summaries

err:XS0046

It is a static error if the processor does not support XPath 1.0 compatibility mode.

See: XPaths in XProc

err:XS0047

It is a static error if the processor cannot determine that the expression would yield the same result.

See: XPaths in XProc

err:XS0048

It is a static error to use a declared step as a compound step.

See: ExtensionPipelines Steps

err:XS0049

It is a static errortype, if the psvi-requiredit attribute is “true”one, and the processor does not support passing PSVI annotations between steps.

See: Declaring pipelines

err:XS0050

It is a static error if a pipeline attempts to import two (or more) libraries with URIs that identify steps associated with a particular version of XProc.

See: p:import

err:XS0051

It is a static error to specify both ifoption the except-prefixes attributeon the on p:namespaces doeselement. It not containis a liststatic of tokens orerror if any of those tokens is not a prefix bound to a namespacespecified in the in-scope namespacesprefix of the p:namespaces element.

See: Namespaces on variables, options, and parametersNamespaces

err:XS0052

It is a static error if the URI of a p:import cannot be retrieved or if, once retrieved, it does not point to a p:library, p:declare-stepp:pipeline-library, or p:pipeline.

See: p:import

err:XS0053

It is a static error to import a single pipeline if that pipeline does not have a name or a type.

See: p:import

err:XS0054

It is a static error to import more than one pipeline with the same type (eitherexpanded directly orname within a library).

See: p:import

err:XS0055

It is a static error if a primary parameter input port has no binding and the pipeline that contains the step has no primary parameter input port.

See: Parameter Inputs

err:XS0057

It is a static error if a namespace prefix is used within the exclude-result-prefixes attribute and there is no namespace binding in scope for that prefix.

See: p:inline

err:XS0058

Itone is a static erroroptionally if the value #defaultby is used withinnumber the exclude-result-prefixes attributeprocessing and the p:inlineinstructions, has no default namespace.

See: p:inline

6.2 Dynamic Errors

A [Definition: A dynamic error is one which occurs while a pipeline is being evaluated.] Examples of dynamic errors include references to URIs that cannot be resolved, steps which fail, and pipelines that exhaust the capacity of an implementation (such as memory or disk space).

If a step fails due to a dynamic error, failure propagates upwards until either a p:try is encountered or the entire pipeline fails. In other words, outside of a p:try, step failure causes the entire pipeline to fail.

Dynamic Errors
err:XD0001

It is a dynamic error if a non-XML resource is produced on a step output or arrives on a step input.

See: Inputs and Outputs

err:XD0002

It is a dynamic error if the processor attempts to retrieve the URI specified on a p:document and fails.

See: Associating Documents with Ports

err:XD0003

It is a dynamic error if the viewport source does not provide exactly one document.

See: p:viewport

err:XD0004

It is a dynamic error if no subpipeline is selected by the p:choose and no default is provided.

See: p:choose

err:XD0005

It is a dynamic error if the xpath-context is bound to a sequence of documents.

See: p:xpath-context

err:XD0006

If sequence is not specified, or has the value “false”, then it is a dynamic error unless exactly one document appears on the declared port.

See: Documentdeclaration and a binding. In other contexts, it is only Inputs, p:viewport-source

err:XD0007

If sequence is not specified on p:output, or has the value “false”, then it is a dynamic error if the step does not produce exactly one document on the declared port.

See: p:output

err:XD0008

It is a dynamic error if a document sequence appears where a document to be used as the context node is expected.

See: Processor XPath Context, Processor XPath Context, p:variable, p:with-option, p:with-param

err:XD0009

It is a dynamic error if the element attribute on p:namespaces is specified and it does not identify a single element node.

See: Namespaces on variables, options, and parametersNamespaces

err:XD0010

Itport isnamed current. What a dynamicon error ifthe the matchfrom expression on p:viewport doeswill be a copy not match an element or document.

See: p:viewport

err:XD0011

It is a dynamic error if the document referenced by a p:document element does not exist, cannot be accessed, or is not a well-formed XML document.

See: p:document

err:XD0013

It is a dynamic error if the specified namespace bindings are inconsistent; that is, if the same prefix is bound to two different namespace names.

See: Namespaces on variables, options, and parametersNamespaces

err:XD0014

It is a dynamic error for any unqualified attribute names other than “name”, “namespace”, or “value” to appear on a c:param element.

See: The c:param element, The c:param-set element

err:XD0016

It is a dynamic error if the select expression on a p:input returns anything other than a possibly empty set of element or document nodes.

See: Documentdeclaration and a binding. In other contexts, it is only Inputs

err:XD0017

It is a dynamic error if the running pipeline attempts to invoke a step which the processor does not know how to perform.

See: ExtensionPipelines Steps

err:XD0018

It is a dynamic error if the parameter list contains any elements other than c:param.

See: The c:param-set element

err:XD0019

It is a dynamic error if any option value does not satisfy the type required for that option.

See: Syntax Summaries

err:XD0021

It is a dynamic error for a pipeline to attempt to access a resource for which it has insufficient privileges or perform a step which is forbidden.

See: Security Considerations

6.3 Step Errors

Several of the steps in the standard and option step library can generate dynamic errors.

Step Errors
err:XC0001

It is a dynamic error if the requested method is not supported.

See: Serialization Options

err:XC0002

It is a dynamic error if the value starts with the string --.

See: Request Entity body conversion

err:XC0003

It is a dynamic error if the requested auth-method isn't supported or the authentication challenge contains an authentication method that isn't supported.

See: Specifying a request

err:XC0004

It is a dynamic error if the status-only attribute has the value “true” and the detailed attribute does not have the value “true”.

See: Specifying a request

err:XC0005

It is a dynamic error if the request contains a c:body or c:multipart but the method does not allow for an entity body being sent with the request.

See: Specifying a request

err:XC0007

It is a dynamic error if the scheme of the URI reference is not supported.

See: p:load

err:XC0008

It is a dynamic error if the pattern matches anything other than element or attribute nodes.

See: p:make-absolute-uris

err:XC0010

It is a dynamic error if the charset specified is not supported by the implementation or if charset is specified when encoding is not.

See: p:unescape-markup

err:XC0011

It is a dynamic error if the step is not allowed to retrieve from the specified location.

See: p:load

err:XC0012

It is a dynamic error if the contents of the directory path are not available to the step due to access restrictions in the environment in which the pipeline is run.

See: p:directory-list

err:XC0013

It is a dynamic error if the match pattern does not match an element.

See: p:add-attribute

err:XC0014

It is a dynamic error if the XML namespace (http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace) or the XMLNS namespace (http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/) is the value of either the from option or the to option.

See: p:namespace-rename

err:XC0016

It is a dynamic error if the value supplied for any option specified for any step in this section is not of the type mandated in the step description, with phrases such as "The value of the xxx-name option must be a QName" or "the value of the yyy-flag option must be a boolean".

See: Standard Step Library

err:XC0017

It is a dynamic error if the absolute path does not identify a directory.

See: p:directory-list

err:XC0018

It is a dynamic error if the directory path's scheme is not supported.

See: p:directory-list

err:XC0019

It is a dynamic error if the documents are not equal, and the value of the fail-if-not-equal option is “true”.

See: p:compare

err:XC0020

It is a dynamic error if the value of a header specified via c:header (e.g. Content-Type) conflicts with the value for that header that the step and/or protocol implementation must set.

See: Specifying a request

err:XC0021

It is a dynamic error if the scheme of the href attribute is not supported.

See: Specifying a request

err:XC0022

it is a dynamic error if the content of the c:body element does not consist of exactly one element, optionally preceded and/or followed by any number of processing instructions, comments or whitespace characters

See: Request Entity body conversion

err:XC0023

It is a dynamic error if that pattern matches anything other than element nodes.

See: p:insert, p:replace, p:set-attributes, p:unwrap

err:XC0024

It is a dynamic error if that expression matches anything other than element nodes.

See: p:label-elements

err:XC0025

It is a dynamic error if the match pattern matches the document element and the value of the position option is ”before” or ”after”.

See: p:insert

err:XC0026

It is a dynamic error if the document does not exist or is not well-formed.

See: p:load

err:XC0027

It is a dynamic error if the document is not valid or the step doesn't support DTD validation.

See: p:load

err:XC0028

it is a dynamic error if the content of the c:body element does not consist entirely of characters

See: Request Entity body conversion

err:XC0029

It is a dynamic error if an XInclude error occurs during processing.

See: p:xinclude

err:XC0030

It is a dynamic error if the override-content-type value cannot be used (e.g. text/plain to override image/png).

See: Managing the response

err:XC0031

It is a dynamic error if the pattern matches anything other than element, attribute or processing instruction nodes.

See: p:rename

err:XC0033

It is a dynamic error if the command cannot be run.

See: p:exec

err:XC0034

It is a dynamic error if the current working directory cannot be changed to the value of the cwd option.

See: p:exec

err:XC0035

It is a dynamic error to specify both result-is-xml and wrap-result-lines.

See: p:exec

err:XC0036

It is a dynamic error if the requested hash algorithm is not one that the processor understands or if the value or parameters are not appropriate for that algorithm.

See: p:hash

err:XC0037

It is a dynamic error if the value provided is not a properly x-www-form-urlencoded value.

See: p:www-form-urldecode

err:XC0038

It is a dynamic error if the specified version of XSLT is not available.

See: p:xslt

err:XC0039

It is a dynamic error if a sequence of documents is provided to an XSLT 1.0 step.

See: p:xslt

err:XC0040

It is a dynamic error if the document element of the document that arrives on the source port is not c:request.

See: p:http-request

err:XC0041

It is a dynamic error if the match pattern matches any other kind of node.

See: p:wrap

err:XC0050

It is a dynamic error if the URI scheme is not supported or the step cannot store to the specified location.

See: p:store

err:XC0051

It is a dynamic error if the content-type specified is not supported by the implementation.

See: p:unescape-markup

err:XC0052

Itelement is a dynamicto errorcontain if the encodingcontent specified is not supported by the implementation.

See: Request Entity body conversion, p:unescape-markup

err:XC0053

It is a dynamic error if the assert-valid option is true and the input document is not valid.

See: p:validate-with-relax-ng, p:validate-with-xml-schema

err:XC0054

It is a dynamic error if the assert-valid option is true and any Schematron assertions fail.

See: p:validate-with-schematron

err:XC0055

It is a dynamic error if the implementation does not support the specified mode.

See: p:validate-with-xml-schema

err:XC0056

It is a dynamic error if the specified initial mode or named template cannot be applied to the specified stylesheet.

See: p:xslt

err:XC0057

It is a dynamic error if the sequence that results from an XQuery contains items other than elements.

See: p:xquery

err:XC0058

It is a dynamic error if the all and relative options are both “true”.

See: p:add-xml-base

err:XC0059

It is a dynamic error if the QName value in the attribute-name option uses the prefix 'xmlns' or any other prefix that resolves to the same namespace name as 'xmlns'.

See: p:add-attribute

err:XC0060

It is a dynamicfor error if the processor does not support the specified version of the UUID algorithm.

See: p:uuid

7 Standard Step Library

This appendix describes the standard XProc steps. A machine-readable description of these steps may be found in pipeline-library.xml.

Some steps in this appendix consume or produce an XML vocabulary defined in this section. In all cases, the namespace for that vocabulary is http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc-step and is represented by the prefix 'c:' in this appendix.

When a step in this library produces an output document, the base URI of the output is the base URI of the step's primary input document unless the step's process explicitly sets an xml:base attribute or the step's description explicitly states how the base URI is constructed.

Also, in this section, several steps use this element for result information:

<c:result>
    string
</c:result>

When a step uses an XPath from an option value, the XPath context is as defined in Section 2.6.2, “Step XPath Context”.

It is a dynamic error (err:XC0016) if the value supplied for any option specified for any step in this section is not of the type mandated in the step description, with phrases such as "The value of the xxx-name option must be a QName" or "the value of the yyy-flag option must be a boolean".

7.1 Required Steps

This section describes standard steps that must be supported by any conforming processor.

7.1.1 p:add-attribute

The p:add-attribute step adds a single attribute to a set of matching elements. The input document specified on the source is processed for matches specified by the match pattern in the match option. For each of these matches, the attribute whose name is specified by the attribute-name option is set to the attribute value specified by the attribute-value option.

The resulting document is produced on the result output port and consists of a exact copy of the input with the exception of the matched elements. Each of the match elements is copied to the output with the addition or change of the specified attribute name.

<p:declare-step type="p:add-attribute">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
     <p:option name="attribute-name" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="attribute-value" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the match option must be an XSLTMatchPattern. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0013) if the match pattern does not match an element.

The value of the attribute-name option must be a QName. The corresponding expanded name is used to construct the added attribute.

The value of the attribute-value option must be a legal attribute value according to XML.

If an attribute with the same name as the expanded name from the attribute-name option exist on the matched element, the value specified in the attribute-value option is used to set the value of that existing attribute. That is, the value of the existing attribute is changed to the attribute-value value.

Note

If multiple attributes need to be set, the p:set-attributes step should be used.

This step cannot be used to add namespace declarations. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0059) if the QName value in the attribute-name option uses the prefix 'xmlns' or any other prefix that resolves to the same namespace name as 'xmlns'.

7.1.2 p:add-xml-base

The p:add-xml-base step exposes the base URI via explicit xml:base attributes. The input document from the source port is replicated to the result port with xml:base attributes added to or corrected on each element as specified by the options on this step.

<p:declare-step type="p:add-xml-base">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="all" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="relative" select="'true'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the all option must be a boolean.

The value of the relative option must be a boolean.

It is a dynamic error (err:XC0058) if the all and relative options are both true”.

The p:add-xml-base step modifiesadds xml:base attributes according its input as follows:

  • For the document element: force the element tonot have an xml:base attribute specified, an xml:base attribute withis added. If the document's [base URI] property's value as its parent's base URI, an xml:base attribute value.

  • Foris added other elements:the element.

    • If the all option has the value “true”, force the element to have an xml:base attribute with theadded to element's [base URI] value as its value.document.

    • IfWhenever an xml:base the element'sis added, [base URI] is different from the its parent's [base URI], forceof the element to have an xml:base attribute with theis the following value:added. If if the value of the relative option is “true”, a stringxml:base which, whenvalue should resolved against the parent's [base URI], willbase URI. give the element's [base URI], otherwiseof the element'sxml:base [base URI].

      attribute
    • Otherwise,should if there isbe an xml:baseabsolute attribute present, remove it. URI.

7.1.4 p:count

The p:count step counts the number of documents in the source input sequence and returns a single document on result containing that number. The generated document contains a single c:result element whose contents is the string representation of the number of documents in the sequence.

<p:declare-step type="p:count">
     <p:input port="source" sequence="true"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
</p:declare-step>

7.1.5 p:delete

The p:delete step deletes items specified by a match pattern from the source input document and produces the resulting document, with the deleted items removed,deletions on the result port.

<p:declare-step type="p:delete">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the match option must be an an XSLTMatchPattern. A match pattern may match multiple items to be deleted.

If an element is selectedthat nested by the matchnot option, the entireas subtree rooted at that element is deleted.

7.1.6 p:directory-list

The p:directory-list step produces a list of the contents of a specified directory.

<p:declare-step type="p:directory-list">
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="path" select="'.'" revisionflag="changed"/>   <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="include-filter" revisionflag="added"/>        <!-- RegularExpression -->
     <p:option name="exclude-filter" revisionflag="added"/>        <!-- RegularExpression -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the path option must be an anyURI. It is interpreted as an IRI reference. If relative, it is resolved to absolute form. The base URI used for resolution is the base URI of p:option element, if present, otherwise, that is in case the default of '.' is used, the base URI of the p:directory-list element. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0017) if the absolute path does not identify a directory. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0012) if the contents of the directory path are not available to the step due to access restrictions in the environment in which the pipeline is run.

Conformant processors must support directory paths whose scheme is file. It is implementation-defined what other schemes are supported by p:directory-list, and what the interpretation of 'directory', 'file' and 'contents' is for those schemes. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0018) if the directory path's scheme is not supported.

If present, the value of the include-filter or exclude-filter option must be a regular expression as specified in [XPath 2.0 Functions and Operators], section 7.61 “Regular Expression Syntax”.

If the include-filter pattern matches a directory entry's name, the entry is included in the output. If the exclude-filter pattern matches a directory entry's name, the entry is excluded in the output. If both options are provided, the include filter is processed first, then the exclude filter.

The result document produced for the specified directory path has a c:directory document element whose base URI is the directory path and whose name attribute is the last segment of the directory path (that is, the directory's (local) name).

<c:directory
  name = string>
    (c:file |
     c:directory |
     c:other)*
</c:directory>

Its contents are determined as follows, based on the entries in the directory identified by the directory path. path: For each entry in the directory, if either no filter was specified, or the (local) name of the entry matches the filter pattern, a c:file, a c:directory, or a c:other element is produced, as follows:

When a directory entry is a subdirectory, that directory's entries are not output as part of that entry's c:directory. A user must apply this step again to the subdirectory to list subdirectory contents.

Each of the elements c:file, c:directory, and c:other has a name attribute when it appears within the top-level c:directory element, whose value is a relative IRI reference, giving the (local) file or directory name.

7.1.7 p:error

The c:error step generates a dynamic error using the inputoptions specified provided to the step. The error generated can be caught by a try/catch language construct like any other dynamic error.

<p:declare-step type="p:error">
     <p:input port="source" revisionflag="added"/>
     <p:option name="code" required="true" revisionflag="added"/>  <!-- QName -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the code option must be a QName

This step useshas no the document provided on its input as the content of thesince error raised. Since it generates an error upon invocation, there can be no normal output; instead, an instance of the the c:errors element will be produced on the error output port, as is always the case for dynamic errors. The error generated can be caughtabsence of by a p:try justoverhead will determine whether or like any otherthe dynamic error.

For example, given the following invocation:

<p:error xmlns:my="http://www.example.org/error"
         name="bad-document" code="my:unk12">xmlns:my="http://www.example.org/error">
   <p:option name="code" value="my:unk12">
   <p:input<p:option name="description" port="source">
     <p:inline>
       <message>Thevalue="The document element is unknown.</message>
     </p:inline>
   </p:input>unknown."/>
</p:error>

The error vocabulary element (and document) generated on the error output port would be:

<c:errors xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc-step"
          xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc"
          xmlns:my="http://www.example.org/error">
 <c:error name="bad-document" type="p:error"
          code="my:unk12"><message>The document element is unknown.</message>
</c:error>unknown</c:error>
</c:errors>

The href, line and column, or offset, might also be present on the c:error to identify the location of the p:error element in the pipeline.

7.1.8 p:escape-markup

The p:escape-markup step applies XML serialization to the children of the document element and replaces those children with their serialization. The outcome is a single element with text content that represents the "escaped" syntax of the children as they were serialized.

<p:declare-step type="p:escape-markup">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="cdata-section-elements" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- ListOfQNames -->
     <p:option name="doctype-public" revisionflag="changed"/>      <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="doctype-system" revisionflag="changed"/>      <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="encoding" revisionflag="changed"/>            <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="escape-uri-attributes" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="include-content-type" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="indent" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="media-type" revisionflag="changed"/>          <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="method" select="'xml'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="omit-xml-declaration" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="standalone" revisionflag="changed"/>          <!-- "true" | "false" | "omit" -->
     <p:option name="undeclare-prefixes" revisionflag="changed"/>  <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="version" select="'1.0'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

This step supports the standard serialization options as specified in Section 7.3, “Serialization Options”. These options control how the output markup is produced before it is escaped.

For example, the input:

<description>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<p>This is a chunk of XHTML.</p>
</div>
</description>

produces:

<description>
&lt;div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
&lt;p>This is a chunk of XHTML.&lt;/p>
&lt;/div>
</description>
Note

Since the result of this step is represented by unicode characters in the document produced by this step and not as encoded characters serialized into a byte stream, the option normalization-form does not apply to this step and has been omitted from the standard serialization options.

7.1.9 p:http-request

The p:http-request step provides for interaction with resources identified by IRIs over HTTP or closely related protocols. The input document provided on the source port specifies a request by a single c:request element. This element specifies the method, resource, and other request properties as well as possibly including an entity body (content) for the request.

<p:declare-step type="p:http-request">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="byte-order-mark" revisionflag="added"/>       <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="cdata-section-elements" revisionflag="added"/><!-- ListOfQNames -->
     <p:option name="doctype-public" revisionflag="added"/>        <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="doctype-system" revisionflag="added"/>        <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="encoding" revisionflag="added"/>              <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="escape-uri-attributes" revisionflag="added"/> <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="include-content-type" revisionflag="added"/>  <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="indent" select="'false'" revisionflag="added"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="media-type" revisionflag="added"/>            <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="method" select="'xml'" revisionflag="added"/> <!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="normalization-form" revisionflag="added"/>    <!-- NormalizationForm -->
     <p:option name="omit-xml-declaration" revisionflag="added"/>  <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="standalone" revisionflag="added"/>            <!-- "true" | "false" | "omit" -->
     <p:option name="undeclare-prefixes" revisionflag="added"/>    <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="version" select="'1.0'" revisionflag="added"/><!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

The standard serialization options are provided to control the serialization of any XML content which is sent as part of the request. The effect of these options are as specified in Section 7.3, “Serialization Options”. See Section 7.1.9.2, “Request Entity body conversion” for a discussion of when serialization occurs in constructing a request.

It is a dynamic error (err:XC0040) if the document element of the document that arrives on the source port is not c:request.

7.1.9.1 Specifying a request

A HTTP request is represented by a c:request element.

<c:request
  method? = NCName
  href? = anyURI
  detailed? = boolean
  status-only? = boolean
  username? = string
  password? = string
  auth-method? = string
  send-authorization? = boolean
  override-content-type? = string>
    (
c:header*,
     (c:multipart |
      c:body)?)
</c:request>

It is a dynamic error (err:XC0021) if the scheme of the href attribute is not supported. The set of schemes supported on HTTP request URIs is implementation defined. Implementations must support the "http" scheme.

It is a dynamic error (err:XC0005) if the request contains a c:body or c:multipart but the method does not allow for an entity body being sent with the request.

It is a dynamic error (err:XC0004) if the status-only attribute has the value “true” and the detailed attribute does not have the value “true”.

The method attribute specifies the method to be used against the IRI specified by the href attribute, e.g. GET or POST. If the href attribute is not absolute, it will be resolved against the base URI of its owner element.

If the username attribute is specified, the username, password, auth-method, and send-authorization attributes are used to handle authentication as per [RFC 2617]. If the initial response to the request is an authentication challenge, the username and password attribute values are used to generate an Authorization header and the request is sent again. If that authorization fails, the request is not retried.

For the purposes of avoiding an authentication challenge, if the send-authorization attribute has a value of “true” and the authentication method specified by the auth-method supports generation of an Authorization header without a challenge, then an Authorization header is generated and sent on the first request. If the response contains an authentication challenge, the request is retried with an appropriate Authorization header.

Appropriate values for the auth-method attribute are "Basic" or "Digest" but other values are allowed. The interpretation of auth-method values on c:request other than “Basic” or “Digest” is implementation-defined. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0003) if the requested auth-method isn't supported or the authentication challenge contains an authentication method that isn't supported. All implementations are required to support "Basic" and "Digest" authentication per [RFC 2617].

The c:header element specifies a header name and value, either for inclusion in a request, or as received in a response.

<c:header
  name = string
  value = string />

The request is formulated from the attribute values on the c:request element and its c:header and c:multipart or c:body children, if present, and transmitted to the host (and port, if present) specified by the href attribute. The details of how the request entity body, if any, is constructed are given in the next section.

When the request is formulated, the step and/or protocol implementation may add headers as necessary to either complete the request or as appropriate for the content specified (e.g. transfer encodings). A user of this step is guaranteed that their requested headers and content will be sent with the exception of any conflicts with protocol-related headers. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0020) if the value of a header specified via c:header (e.g. Content-Type) conflicts with the value for that header that the step and/or protocol implementation must set.

7.1.9.2 Request Entity body conversion

The c:multipart element specifies a multi-part body, per [RFC 1521], either for inclusion in a request or as received in a response.

<c:multipart
  content-type? = string
  boundary = string>
    c:header*,
    c:body+
</c:multipart>

In the context of a request, the media type of the c:multipart must be a multipart media type (i.e. have a main type of 'multipart'). If the content-type attribute is not specified, a value of "multipart/mixed" will be assumed.

The boundary attribute is required and is used to provide a multipart boundary marker. The implementation must use this boundary marker and must prefix the value with the string -- when formulating the multipart message. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0002) if the value starts with the string --.

In a multipart message, the first set of c:header elements that are the children of c:request are the headers to the multipart message. The headers inside the c:multipart element are associated with a particular message part. Each multipart body is represented by a c:body preceded by some number of c:header elements. These preceding headers associated with the body part in the multipart message.

The c:body element holds the body or body part of the message. Each of the attributes holds controls some aspect of the encoding of the request body or decoding the body element's content when the request is formulated. These are specified as follows:

<c:body
  content-type = string
  encoding? = string
  id? = string
  description? = string>
    anyElement*
</c:body>

The content-type attribute specifies the media type of the body or body part, that is, the value of its Content-Type header. If the media type is not an XML type nor is it text, the content must already be base64-encoded.

The encoding attribute controls the decoding of the Content-Transfer-Encoding element contentheader for formulating the body. Abody value of base64part. If indicates the element's contentencoding is a base64 encoded string whose byte stream should be sent as the messagec:body body. An implementation may support other encodings other that base64 but these encodings and their names are implementation defined. Itelement is a dynamicto errorcontain if the encodingcontent specified is not supported by the implementation.type.

The id attribute specifies the value of the Content-ID header for the body or body part.

The description attribute specifies the value of the Content-Description header for the body or body part.

If an entity body is to be sent as part of a request (e.g. a POST), either a c:body element, specifying the request entity body, or a c:multipart element, specifying multiple entity body parts, may be used. When c:multipart is used it may contain multiple c:body children. A c:body specifies the construction of a body or body part as follows:

If the content-type attribute does not specify an XML media type, or the encoding attribute is 'base64', then it is a dynamic error (err:XC0028) if the content of the c:body element does not consist entirely of characters, and the entity body or body part will consist of exactly those characters.

Otherwise (the content-type attribute does specify an XML media type and the encoding attribute is not 'base64'), it is a dynamic error (err:XC0022) if the content of the c:body element does not consist of exactly one element, optionally preceded and/or followed by any number of processing instructions, comments or whitespace characters, and the entity body or body part will consist of the serialization of a document node containing that content. The serialization of that document is controlled by the serialization options on the p:http-request step itself.

For example, the following input to a p:http-request step will POST a small XML document:

<c:request method="POST" href="http://example.com/someservice">
<c:body xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc-step" content-type="application/xml">
<doc>
<title>My document</title>
</doc>
</c:body>
</c:request>

The corresponding request should look something like this:

POST http://example.com/someservice HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Content-Type: application/xml; charset="utf-8"

<?xml version='1.0'?>



<doc>
<title>My document</title>
</doc>
7.1.9.3 Managing the response

The handling of the response to the request and the generation of the step's result document is controlled by the status-only, override-content-type and detailed attributes on the c:request input.

The override-content-type attribute controls interpretation of the response's Content-Type header. If this attribute is present, the response will be treated as if it returned the Content-Type given by its value. This original Content-Type header will however be reflected unchanged as a c:header in the result document. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0030) if the override-content-type value cannot be used (e.g. text/plain to override image/png).

If the status-only attribute has the value “true”, the result document will contain only header information. The entity of the response will not be processed to produce a c:body or c:multipart element.

The c:response element represents an HTTP response. The response's status code is encoded in the status attribute and the headers and entity body are processing into c:header and c:multipart or c:body content.

<c:response
  status? = integer>
    (c:header*,
     (c:multipart |
      c:body)?)
</c:response>

The value of the detailed attribute determines the content of the result document. If it is “true”, the response to the request is handled as follows:

  1. A single c:response element is produced with the status attribute containing the status of the response received.

  2. Each response header whose name does not start with "Content-" is translated into a c:header element.

  3. Unless the status-only attribute has a value “true”, the entity body of the response is converted into a c:body or c:multipart element via the rules given in the next section.

Otherwise (the detailed attribute is not specified or its value is “false”), the response to the request is handled as follows:

  1. If the media type (as determined by the override-content-type attribute or the Content-Type response header) is an XML media type, the entity is decoded if necessary, then parsed as an XML document and produced on the result output port as the entire output of the step.

  2. Otherwise, the entity body of the response is converted into a c:body or c:multipart element via the rules given in the next section.

In either case the base URI of the output document is the resolved value of the href attribute from the input c:request.

7.1.9.4 Converting Response Entity Bodies

The entity of a response may be multipart per [RFC 1521]. In those situations, the result document will be a c:multipart element that contains multiple c:body elements inside.

If the media type of the response is a text type with a charset parameter that is a Unicode character encoding, the content of the constructed c:body element is the translation of the text into a Unicode character sequence

If the media type of the response is an XML media type, the content of the constructed c:body element is the result of decoding the body if necessary, then parsing it with an XML parser. If the content is not well-formed, the step fails.

For all other media types, the response is encoded as base64 (unless it is encoded already) and then produced as text children of the c:body element.

In the case of a multipart response, the same rules apply when constructing a c:body element for each body part encountered.

Note

Given the above description, any content identified as text/html will be base64-encoded in the c:body element, as HTML isn't always well-formed XML. A user can attempt to convert such content into XML using the p:unescape-markup step.

7.1.11 p:insert

The p:insert step inserts the insertion port's document into the source port'schild document relative toof the matching elements in the source port's document.

<p:declare-step type="p:insert">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:input port="insertion" sequence="true" revisionflag="changed"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" select="'/*'" revisionflag="changed"/> <!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
     <p:option name="position" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- "first-child" | "last-child" | "before" | "after" -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the match option must be an XSLTMatchPattern. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0023) if that pattern matches anything other than element nodes. Multiple matches are allowed, in which case multiple copies of the insertion documents will occur. If no elements match, then the document is unchanged.

The value of the position option must be an NMTOKEN in the following list:

  • first-child” - the insertion is made as the first child of the match;

  • last-child” - the insertion is made as the last child of the match;

  • before” - the insertion is made as the immediate preceding sibling of the match;

  • after” - the insertion is made as the immediate following sibling of the match.

It is a dynamic error (err:XC0025) if the match pattern matches the document element and the value of the position option is ”before” or ”after”.

As the inserted elements are part of the output of the step they are not considered in determining matching elements. If an empty sequence appears on the insertion port, the result will be the same as the source.

7.1.12 p:label-elements

The p:label-elements step generates a label for each matched element and stores that label in the specified attribute.

<p:declare-step type="p:label-elements">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="attribute" select="'xml:id'" revisionflag="added"/><!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="label" select="'concat("_",$p:index)'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
     <p:option name="match" select="'*'" revisionflag="changed"/>  <!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
     <p:option name="replace" select="'true'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the attribute option must be a QName.

The value of the label option is an XPath expression used to generate the value of the attribute label.

The value of the matchselect option must be an XSLTMatchPattern. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0024) if that expression matches anything other than element nodes.

The value of the replace option must be a booleanQName. If value and is used tohave indicate whether existing attribute values are replaced.value count-elements.

This step operates by generating attribute labels for each element element matched. For every matched element, the expression is evaluatedgenerated with on the contextscheme node set to the matched element. Anelement attribute is added to the matched element using the attribute name is specified the attribute optionoption, that and the string value of result of evaluating the expression. If the attribute already existswith on the matched element, the valuename is replaced with the string value of the expression evaluation result only if the replace optionoption, the computed label, has the value of true”.the suffix option.

An implementation must bind the variablescheme option is p:index” in the static context offor each evaluation of the XPath expression to theits position of the element in the sequence of matched elements. In other words, the first element (in document order) matched gets the value 1”,“1”, the second gets the label “2”, the third, “3”, etc. The labeling process counts every element, even those which already have an attribute whose name is the value of the attribute option. All implementations must support the scheme value 2”,. Support for scheme values the third, 3”, on the p:label-elements step is etc.implementation-defined.

The resultp:label-elements step must not generate two labels of the p:label-elements step is the inputcourse of processing any single document. However, no attempt must be made document with that the generated attribute labelsvalues are associated with matchedrespect to attribute values already present in the document. It is a dynamic error if the value specified for the scheme option elements. Allis other non-matching content remains values supported by the same.implementation.

7.1.13 p:load

The p:load step has no inputs but produces as its result an XML resource specified by an IRI.

<p:declare-step type="p:load">
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="href" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="dtd-validate" revisionflag="changed"/>        <!-- boolean -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the href option must be an anyURI. It is interpreted as an IRI reference.

The value of the dtd-validate option must be a boolean.

Load attempts to read an XML document from the specified IRI reference, which may be relative, in which case it will be resolved relative to the base URI of its p:option element. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0026) if the document does not exist or is not well-formed. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0011) if the step is not allowed to retrieve from the specified location. Otherwise, the retrieved document is produced on the result port. The base URI of the result is the (absolute) IRI used to retrieve it.

If the value of the dtd-validate option is “true”, namespace-aware DTD validation is performed on the retrieved document. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0027) if the document is not valid or the step doesn't support DTD validation.

Implementations must support the file and http URI schemes on p:load. It is implementation-defined what other URI schemes are supported. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0007) if the scheme of the URI reference is not supported.

7.1.14 p:make-absolute-uris

The p:make-absolute-uris step makes an element or attribute's value in the source document an absolute IRI value in the result document.

<p:declare-step type="p:make-absolute-uris">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
     <p:option name="base-uri" revisionflag="changed"/>            <!-- anyURI -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the match option must be an XSLTMatchPattern. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0008) if the pattern matches anything other than element or attribute nodes.

The value of the base-uri option must be an anyURI. It is interpreted as an IRI reference.

For every element or attribute in the input document which matches the specified pattern, its XPath string-value is resolved against the specified base URI and the resulting absolute IRI is used as the matched node's entire contents in the output.

The base URI used for resolution defaults to the matched attribute's element or the matched element's base URI unless the base-uri option is specified. When the base-uri option is specified, the option value is used as the base URI regardless of any contextual base URI value in the document. This option value is resolved against the base URI of the p:option element used to set the option.

If the IRI reference specified by the base-uri option on p:make-absolute-uris is not valid, or if it is absent and the input document has no base URI, the results are implementation-dependent.

7.1.15 p:namespace-rename

The p:namespace-rename step renames any namespace declaration or use of a namespace in a document to a new IRI value.

<p:declare-step type="p:namespace-rename">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="from" revisionflag="changed"/>                <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="to" revisionflag="changed"/>                  <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="elements-only" revisionflag="changed"/>       <!-- boolean -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the from option must be an anyURI. It should be either empty or absolute, but will not be resolved in any case.

The value of the to option must be an anyURI. It should be empty or absolute, but will not be resolved in any case.

It is a dynamic error (err:XC0014) if the XML namespace (http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace) or the XMLNS namespace (http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/) is the value of either the from option or the to option.

If the value of the from option is the same as the value of the to option, the input is reproduced unchanged on the output. Otherwise, namespace bindings, namespace attributes and element and attribute names are changed as follows:

  • Namespace bindings: If the from option is present and its value is not the empty string, then every binding of a prefix (or the default namespace) in the input document whose value is the same as the value of the from option is

    • replaced in the output with a binding to the value of the to option, provided it is present and not the empty string;

    • otherwise (the to option is not specified or has an empty string as its value) absent from the output.

    If the from option is absent, or its value is the empty string, then no bindings are changed or removed.

  • Elements and attributes: If the from option is present and its value is not the empty string, for every element (and attribute, unless the value of the elements-only option is “true”) in the input whose namespace name is the same as the value of the from option, in the output its namespace name

    • replaced with the value of the to option, provided it is present and not the empty string;

    • otherwise (the to option is not specified or has an empty string as its value) changed to have no value.

    If the from option is absent, or its value is the empty string, then for every element (and attribute, unless the value of the elements-only option is “true”) whose namespace name has no value, in the output its namespace name is set to the value of the to option.

  • Namespace attributes: If the from option is present and its value is not the empty string, for every namespace attribute in the input whose value is the same as the value of the from option, in the output

    • the namespace attribute's value is replaced with the value of the to option, provided it is present and not the empty string;

    • otherwise (the to option is not specified or has an empty string as its value) the namespace attribute is absent.

Note

The elements-only option is primarily intended to make it possible to avoid renaming attributes when the from option specifies no namespace, since many attributes are in no namespace.

Care should be taken when specifying no namespace with the to option. Prefixed names in content, for example QNames and XPath expressions, may end up with no appropriate namespace binding.

7.1.16 p:pack

The p:pack step merges two document sequences in a pair-wise fashion.

<p:declare-step type="p:pack">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true" sequence="true"/>
     <p:input port="alternate" sequence="true"/>
     <p:output port="result" sequence="true"/>
     <p:option name="wrapper" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the wrapper option must be a QName.

The step takes each pair of documents, in order, one from the source port and one from the alternate port, wraps them with a new element node whose QName is the value specified in the wrapper option, and writes that element to the result port as a document.

If the step reaches the end of one input sequence before the other, then it simply wraps each of the remaining documents in the longer sequence.

Note

In the common case, where the document element of a document in the result sequence has two element children, any comments, processing instructions, or white space text nodes that occur between them may have come from either of the input documents; this step does not attempt to distinguish which one.

7.1.17 p:parameters

The p:parameters step exposes a set of parameters as a sequence of c:param-set document.

<p:declare-step type="p:parameters">
     <p:input port="parameters" kind="parameter" primary="false" revisionflag="changed"/>
     <p:output port="result" primary="false" revisionflag="changed"/>
</p:declare-step>

Each parameter passed to the step is converted into a c:param element.element and written to the result port as a document. The step resolves duplicate parameters in the the normal way (see Section 5.1.2, “Parameter Inputs”) soThe at most one parameter with any given name will appearorder in the result. The resulting c:paramparameters elements are wrapped in a c:param-set andto the parameter set document is written to the result port. The order in whichof c:param elements occur in is the c:param-set is implementation-dependent.

For consistency and user convenience, if any of the parameters have names that are in a namespace, the namespace attribute on the c:param element must be used. Each name must be an NCName.

The base URI of the output document is the URI of the pipeline document that contains the step.

Note

Since the parameters port is not primary, any explicit p:with-param settings must include a port attribute,attribute with value parameters, per the last paragraph of Section 5.7.4, “p:with-param.

7.1.19 p:replace

The p:replace step replaces matching elements in its primary input with the document element of the replacement port's document.

<p:declare-step type="p:replace">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:input port="replacement"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the match option must be an XSLTMatchPattern. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0023) if that pattern matches anything other than element nodes. Multiple matches are allowed, in which case multiple copies of the replacement document will occur.

Every element in the primary input matching the specified pattern is replaced in the output is replaced by the document element of the replacement document. Only non-nested matches are replaced. That is, once an element is replaced, its descendants cannot be matched.

7.1.20 p:set-attributes

The p:set-attributes step sets attributes on matching elements.

<p:declare-step type="p:set-attributes">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:input port="attributes"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the match option must be an XSLTMatchPattern. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0023) if that pattern matches anything other than element nodes.

Each attribute on the document element of the document that appears on the attributes port is copied to each element that matches the match expression.

If an attribute with the same name as one of the attributes to be copied already exists, the value specified on the attribute port's document is used. The result port of this step produces a copy of the source port's document with the matching elements' attributes modified.

The matching elements are specified by the match pattern in the match option. All matching elements are processed. If no elements match, the step will not change any elements.

This step must not copy namespace declarations. If the attributes copied from the attributes use namespaces, prefixes, or prefixes bound to different namespaces, the document produced on the result output port will require namespace fixup.

7.1.22 p:split-sequence

The p:split-sequence step accepts a sequence of documents and divides it into two sequences.

<p:declare-step type="p:split-sequence">
     <p:input port="source" sequence="true"/>
     <p:output port="matched" primary="true" sequence="true"/>
     <p:output port="not-matched" sequence="true"/>
     <p:option name="test" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XPathExpression -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the test option must be an XPathExpression.

The XPath expression in the test option is applied to each document in the input sequence. If the effective boolean value of the expression is true, the document is copied to the matched port; otherwise it is copied to the not-matched port.

The XPath context for the test option changes over time. For each document that appears on the source port, the expression is evaluated with that document as the context document. The context position is the position of that document within the sequence and the context size is the total number of documents in the sequence.

Note

In principle, this component cannot stream because it must buffer all of the input sequence in order to find the context size. In practice, if the test expression does not use the last() function, the implementation can stream and ignore the context size.

7.1.23 p:store

The p:store step stores a serialized version of its input to a URI. The URI is either specified explicitly by the 'href' option or implicitly by the base URI of the document. This step outputs a reference to the location of the stored document.

<p:declare-step type="p:store">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result" primary="false"/>
     <p:option name="href" revisionflag="changed"/>                <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="byte-order-mark" revisionflag="changed"/>     <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="cdata-section-elements" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- ListOfQNames -->
     <p:option name="doctype-public" revisionflag="changed"/>      <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="doctype-system" revisionflag="changed"/>      <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="encoding" revisionflag="changed"/>            <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="escape-uri-attributes" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="include-content-type" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="indent" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="media-type" revisionflag="changed"/>          <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="method" select="'xml'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="normalization-form" revisionflag="changed"/>  <!-- NormalizationForm -->
     <p:option name="omit-xml-declaration" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="standalone" revisionflag="changed"/>          <!-- "true" | "false" | "omit" -->
     <p:option name="undeclare-prefixes" revisionflag="changed"/>  <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="version" select="'1.0'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

The step attempts to store the XML document to the specified URI. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0050) if the URI scheme is not supported or the step cannot store to the specified location.

The output of this step is a document containing a single c:result element whose content is the absolute URI of the document stored by the step.

The standard serialization options are provided to control the serialization of the XML content when it is stored. These options are as specified in Section 7.3, “Serialization Options”.

7.1.24 p:string-replace

The p:string-replace step matches nodes in the document provided on the source port and replaces them with the string result of evaluating an XPath expression.

<p:declare-step type="p:string-replace" revisionflag="added">
     <p:input port="source" revisionflag="added"/>
     <p:output port="result" revisionflag="added"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="added"/> <!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
     <p:option name="replace" required="true" revisionflag="added"/><!-- XPathExpression -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the match option must be an XSLTMatchPattern.

The value of the replace option must be an XPathExpression.

The matched nodes are specified with the match pattern in the match option. For each matching node, the XPath expression provided by the replace option is evaluated and the string value of the result is used in the output. Nodes that do not match are copied without change.

If the expression given in the match option matches an attribute, the string value of the replace expression is used as the new value of the attribute in the output.

If the expression matches any other kind of node, the entire node (and not just its contents) is replaced by the string value of the replace expression.

7.1.25 p:unescape-markup

The p:unescape-markup step takes the string value of the document element and parses the content as if it was a Unicode character stream containing serialized XML. The output consists of the same document element with children that result from the parse. This is the reverse of the p:escape-markup step.

<p:declare-step type="p:unescape-markup">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="namespace" revisionflag="changed"/>           <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="content-type" select="'application/xml'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
     <p:option name="encoding" revisionflag="changed"/>            <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="charset" revisionflag="changed"/>             <!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the namespace option must be an anyURI. It should be absolute, but will not be resolved.

When the string value is parsed, the original document element is preserved so that the result will be well-formed XML even if the content consists of multiple, sibling elements.

The namespace option specifies the default namespace. If it is provided, it will be declared as the default namespace on the document element.

The content-type option may be used to specify an alternate content type for the string value. An implementation may use a different parser to produce XML content depending on the specified content-type. For example, an implementation might provide an HTML to XHTML parser (e.g. [HTML Tidy] or [TagSoup]) for the content type 'text/html'.

Behavior of p:unescape-markup for content-types other than application/xml is implementation-defined.

All implementations must support the content type application/xml, and must use a standard XML parser for it. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0051) if the content-type specified is not supported by the implementation.

The encoding option specifies how the data is encoded. All implementations must support the base64 encoding (and the absence of an encoding option, which implies that the content is plain Unicode text). It is a dynamic error (err:XC0052) if the encoding specified is not supported by the implementation.

If an encoding is specified, a charset may also be specified. The octet-stream that results from decoding the text must be interpreted using the specified encoding to produce a sequence of Unicode characters to parse. If the option is not specified, the value “UTF-8” must be used.

It is a dynamic error (err:XC0010) if the charset specified is not supported by the implementation or if charset is specified when encoding is not.

For example, with the 'namespace' option set to the XHTML namespace, the following input:

<description>
&lt;p>This is a chunk.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>This is a another chunk.&lt;/p>
</description>

would produce:

<description xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<p>This is a chunk.</p>
<p>This is a another chunk.</p>
</description>
p:string-replace The p:string-replace step matches nodes in the document provided on the source port and replaces them with the string result of evaluating an XPath expression. The value of the match option must be an XSLTMatchPattern. The value of the replace option must be an XPathExpression. The matched nodes are specified with the match pattern in the match option. For each matching node, the XPath expression provided by the replace option is evaluated and the string value of the result is used in the output. Nodes that do not match are copied without change. If the expression given in the match option matches an attribute, the string value of the replace expression is used as the new value of the attribute in the output. If the expression matches any other kind of node, the entire node (and not just its contents) is replaced by the string value of the replace expression.
7.1.26 p:unwrap

The p:unwrap step replaces matched elements with their children.

<p:declare-step type="p:unwrap">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the match option must be an XSLTMatchPattern. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0023) if that pattern matches anything other than element nodes.

Every element in the source document that matches the specified match pattern is replaced by its children, effectively “unwrapping” the children from their parent. Non-element nodes and unmatched elements are passed through unchanged.

Note

The matching applies to the entire document, not just the “top-most” matches. A pattern of the form h:div will replace all h:div elements, not just the top-most ones.

This step produces a single document; if the document element is unwrapped, the result might not be well-formed XML.

7.1.27 p:wrap

The p:wrap step wraps matching nodes in the source document with a new parent element.

<p:declare-step type="p:wrap">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="wrapper" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
     <p:option name="group-adjacent" revisionflag="changed"/>      <!-- XPathExpression -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the wrapper option must be a QName.

The value of the match option must be an XSLTMatchPattern.

The value of the group-adjacent option must be an XPathExpression.

Every node that matches the specified match pattern is replaced with a new element node whose QName is the value specified in the wrapper option. The content of that new element is a copy of the original, matching node.

The match option must only match element, text, processing instruction, and comment nodes. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0041) if the match pattern matches any other kind of node.

The group-adjacent option can be used to group adjacent matching nodes in a single wrapper element. The specified XPath expression is evaluated for each matching node with that node as the XPath context node. Whenever two or more adjacent matching nodes have the same “group adjacent” value, they are wrapped together in a single wrapper element.

Two matching nodes are considered adjacent if and only if they are siblings and either there are no nodes between them or all intervening, non-matching nodes are whitespace text, comment, or processing instruction nodes.

7.1.28 p:wrap-sequence

The p:wrap-sequence step accepts a sequence of documents and produces either a single document or a new sequence of documents.

<p:declare-step type="p:wrap-sequence">
     <p:input port="source" sequence="true"/>
     <p:output port="result" sequence="true"/>
     <p:option name="wrapper" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="group-adjacent" revisionflag="changed"/>      <!-- XPathExpression -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the wrapper option must be a QName.

The value of the group-adjacent option must be an XPathExpression.

In its simplest form, p:wrap-sequence takes a sequence of documents and produces a single, new document by placing each document in the source sequence inside a new document element as sequential siblings. The name of the document element is the value specified in the wrapper option.

The group-adjacent option can be used to group adjacent documents. The specified XPath expression is evaluated for each document with that document as the XPath context node. Whenever two or more sequentially adjacent documents have the same “group adjacent” value, they are wrapped together in a single wrapper element.

7.1.29 p:xinclude

The p:xinclude step applies [XInclude] processing to the source document.

<p:declare-step type="p:xinclude">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="fixup-xml-base" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="fixup-xml-lang" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the fixup-xml-base option must be a boolean. If it is true, base URI fixup will be performed as per [XInclude].

The value of the fixup-xml-lang option must be a boolean. If it is true, language fixup will be performed as per [XInclude].

The included documents are located with the base URI of the input document and are not provided as input to the step.

It is a dynamic error (err:XC0029) if an XInclude error occurs during processing.

7.1.30 p:xslt

The p:xslt step applies an [XSLT 1.0] or [XSLT 2.0] stylesheet to a document.

<p:declare-step type="p:xslt">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true" sequence="true"/>
     <p:input port="stylesheet"/>
     <p:input port="parameters" kind="parameter" revisionflag="changed"/>
     <p:output port="result" primary="true"/>
     <p:output port="secondary" sequence="true"/>
     <p:option name="initial-mode" revisionflag="changed"/>        <!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="template-name" revisionflag="changed"/>       <!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="output-base-uri" revisionflag="changed"/>     <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="version" revisionflag="changed"/>             <!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

If present, the value of the initial-mode option must be a QName.

If present, the value of the template-name option must be a QName.

If present, the value of the output-base-uri option must be an anyURI.

If the step specifies a version, then that version of XSLT must be used to process the transformation. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0038) if the specified version of XSLT is not available. If the step does not specify a version, the implementation may use any version it has available and may use any means to determine what version to use, including, but not limited to, examining the version of the stylesheet.

The XSLT stylesheet provided on the stylesheet port is applied to the document on the source port. Any parameters passed on the parameters port are used to define top-level stylesheet parameters. The primary result document of the transformation appears on the result port. All other result documents appear on the secondary port. If XSLT 1.0 is used, an empty sequence of documents must appear on the secondary port.

If a sequence of documents is provided on the source port, the first document is assumed to be the primary input document. This sequence is also the default collection. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0039) if a sequence of documents is provided to an XSLT 1.0 step.

A dynamic error occurs if the XSLT processor signals a fatal error. This includes the case where the transformation terminates due to a xsl:message instruction with a terminate attribute value of “yes”. How XSLT message termination errors are reported to the XProc processor is implementation-dependent.

The invocation of the transformation is controlled by the initial-mode and template-name options that set the initial mode and/or named template in the XSLT transformation where processing begins. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0056) if the specified initial mode or named template cannot be applied to the specified stylesheet.

The output-base-uri option sets the context's output base URI per the XSLT 2.0 specification, otherwise the base URI of the result document is the base URI of the first document in the source port's sequence. If the value of the output-base-uri option is not absolute, it will be resolved using the base URI of its p:option element. An XSLT 1.0 step should use the value of the output-base-uri as the base URI of its output, if the option is specified.

7.2 Optional Steps

The following steps are optional. If they are supported by a processor, they must conform to the semantics outlined here, but a conformant processor is not required to support all (or any) of these steps.

7.2.1 p:exec

The p:exec step runs an external command passing the input that arrives on its source port as standard input, reading result from standard output, and errors from standard error.

<p:declare-step type="p:exec">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true" sequence="true"/>
     <p:output port="result" primary="true"/>
     <p:output port="errors"/>
     <p:option name="command" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
     <p:option name="args" revisionflag="changed"/>                <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="cwd" revisionflag="changed"/>                 <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="source-is-xml" select="'true'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="result-is-xml" select="'true'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="wrap-result-lines" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="errors-is-xml" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="wrap-error-lines" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="fix-slashes" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="byte-order-mark" revisionflag="changed"/>     <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="cdata-section-elements" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- ListOfQNames -->
     <p:option name="doctype-public" revisionflag="changed"/>      <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="doctype-system" revisionflag="changed"/>      <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="encoding" revisionflag="changed"/>            <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="escape-uri-attributes" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="include-content-type" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="indent" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="media-type" revisionflag="changed"/>          <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="method" select="'xml'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="normalization-form" revisionflag="changed"/>  <!-- NormalizationForm -->
     <p:option name="omit-xml-declaration" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="standalone" revisionflag="changed"/>          <!-- "true" | "false" | "omit" -->
     <p:option name="undeclare-prefixes" revisionflag="changed"/>  <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="version" select="'1.0'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

The values of the command, args and cwd options must be a string.

The values of the source-is-xml, result-is-xml, errors-is-xml, and fix-slashes options must be boolean.

The p:exec step executes the command passed on command with the arguments passed on args. The processor does not interpolate the values of the command or args (for example, expanding references to environment variables). It is a dynamic error (err:XC0033) if the command cannot be run.

If cwd is specified, then the current working directory is changed to the value of that option before execution begins. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0034) if the current working directory cannot be changed to the value of the cwd option. If cwd is not specified, the current working directory is implementation-defined.

If the command or cwd options contain any “/” or “\” characters, they will be replaced with the platform-specific path separator character. If the fix-slashes option is “true”, this fixup will be applied to args as well.

The document that arrives on the source port will be passed to the command as its standard input. If source-is-xml is true, the serialization options are used to convert the input into serialized XML which is passed to the command, otherwise the XPath string-value of the document is passed.

The standard output of the command is read and returned on result; the standard error output is read and returned on errors. In order to assure that the result will be an XML document, each of the results will be wrapped in a c:result element.

If result-is-xml is true, the standard output of the program is assumed to be XML and will be parsed as a single document. If it is false, the output is assumed not to be XML and will be returned as escaped text.

If wrap-result-lines is true, a c:line element will be wrapped around each line of output.

<c:line>
    string
</c:line>

It is a dynamic error (err:XC0035) to specify both result-is-xml and wrap-result-lines.

The same rules apply to the standard error output of the program, with the errors-is-xml and wrap-error-lines options, respectively.

If either of the results are XML, they must be parsed with namespaces enabled and validation turned off, just like p:document.

The single args option is treated as a series of whitespace-separated values. Values which contain spaces may be quoted with either single (') or double (") quotes. A literal quote character may be inserted by doubling it.

7.2.2 p:hash

The p:hash step generates a hash, or digital “fingerprint”, for some value and injects it into the source document.

<p:declare-step type="p:hash">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:input port="parameters" kind="parameter"/>
     <p:option name="value" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
     <p:option name="algorithm" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the algorithm option must be a QName. If it does not have a prefix, then it must be one of the following values: “md5”, “sha1”.

A hash is constructed from the string specified in the value option using the specified algorithm.

The value of the match option must be an XSLTMatchPattern.

The hash of the specified value is computed using the algorithm and parameters specified. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0036) if the requested hash algorithm is not one that the processor understands or if the value or parameters are not appropriate for that algorithm.

Conformant processors must support the “md5” and “sha1” algorithms. It is implementation-defined what other algorithms are supported.

TBD: Are there any parameters to the md5 or sha1 algorithms?

The matched nodes are specified with the match pattern in the match option. For each matching node, the string value of the computed hash is used in the output. Nodes that do not match are copied without change.

If the expression given in the match option matches an attribute, the hash is used as the new value of the attribute in the output.

If the expression matches any other kind of node, the entire node (and not just its contents) is replaced by the hash.

7.2.3 p:uuid

The p:uuid step generates a UUID and injects it into the source document.

<p:declare-step type="p:uuid">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="added"/> <!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
     <p:option name="version" revisionflag="added"/>               <!-- integer -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the match option must be an XSLTMatchPattern. The value of the version option must be an integer.

The matched nodes are specified with the match pattern in the match option. For each matching node, the generated UUID is used in the output. Nodes that do not match are copied without change.

If the expression given in the match option matches an attribute, the UUID is used as the new value of the attribute in the output.

If the expression matches any other kind of node, the entire node (and not just its contents) is replaced by the UUID.

7.2.4 p:validate-with-relax-ng

The p:validate-with-relax-ng step applies [RELAX NG] validation to the source document.

<p:declare-step type="p:validate-with-relax-ng">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:input port="schema"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="dtd-compatibility" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="assert-valid" select="'true'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the dtd-compatibility option must be a boolean.

The value of the assert-valid option must be a boolean.

If the dtd-compatibility option is “true”, then the conventions of [RELAX NG DTD Compatibility] are also applied.

It is a dynamic error (err:XC0053) if the assert-valid option is true and the input document is not valid.

The output from this step is a copy of the input, possibly augmented by application of the [RELAX NG DTD Compatibility].

7.2.5 p:validate-with-schematron

The p:validate-with-schematron step applies [Schematron] processing to the source document.

<p:declare-step type="p:validate-with-schematron">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:input port="schema"/>
     <p:output port="result" primary="true" revisionflag="added"/>
     <p:output port="report" sequence="true" revisionflag="added"/>
     <p:option name="assert-valid" select="'true'" revisionflag="added"/><!-- boolean -->
</p:declare-step>

It is a dynamic error (err:XC0054) if the assert-valid option is true and any Schematron assertions fail.

The result output from this step is a copy of the input. If any assertions fail, the reports that they generate are produced on the report output.

7.2.6 p:validate-with-xml-schema

The p:validate-with-xml-schema step applies [W3C XML Schema: Part 1] validity assessment to the source input.

<p:declare-step type="p:validate-with-xml-schema">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:input port="schema" sequence="true"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="assert-valid" select="'true'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="mode" select="'strict'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- "strict" | "lax" -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the assert-valid option must be a boolean.

The value of the mode option must be an NMTOKEN whose value is either “strict” or “lax”.

Validation is performed against the set of schemas represented by the documents on the schema port.

It is a dynamic error (err:XC0053) if the assert-valid option is true and the input document is not valid.

When XML Schema validation assessment is performed, the processor is invoked in the mode specified by the mode option. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0055) if the implementation does not support the specified mode.

The result of the assessment is a document with the Post-Schema-Validation-Infoset (PSVI) ([W3C XML Schema: Part 1]) annotations, if the pipeline implementation supports such annotations. If not, the input document is reproduced with any defaulting of attributes and elements performed as specified by the XML Schema recommendation.

Whether or not the pipeline processor supports passing PSVI annotations between steps is implementation-defined.

7.2.7 p:www-form-urldecode

The p:www-form-urldecode step decodes a x-www-form-urlencoded string into a set of parameters.

<p:declare-step type="p:www-form-urldecode">
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="value" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

The value option is interpreted as a string of parameter values encoded using the x-www-form-urlencoded algorithm. It turns each such encoded name/value pair into a parameter. The entire set of parameters is written (as a c:param-set) on the result output port.

It is a dynamic error (err:XC0037) if the value provided is not a properly x-www-form-urlencoded value.

Note

If any parameter name occurs more than once in the encoded string, the resulting parameter set will contain a c:param for each instance. However, only one of these will actually be used if the parameter set is passed to another step on its parameter input port.

7.2.9 p:xquery

The p:xquery step applies an [XQuery 1.0] query to the sequence of documents provided on the source port.

<p:declare-step type="p:xquery">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true" sequence="true"/>
     <p:input port="query"/>
     <p:input port="parameters" kind="parameter" revisionflag="changed"/>
     <p:output port="result" sequence="true"/>
</p:declare-step>

The sequence of documents provided on the source port is treated as the default collection. Any parameters passed on the parameters port are used to define top-level variables. The query port must receive a single document whose element is c:query. As an XQuery is not necessarily well-formed XML, the text descendants of this element are considered the query.

<c:query>
    string
</c:query>

The result of the XQuery is a sequence of documents constructed from an [XPath 2.0] sequence of elements. Each element in the sequence is assumed to be the document element of a separate document. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0057) if the sequence that results from an XQuery contains items other than elements.

The query> port must receive a single document whose element is c:query. As an XQuery is not necessarily well-formed XML, the text descendants of this element are considered the query. The base URI of each of the output documents is the base URI of the first document in the source port's sequence.

For example:

<c:query>
declare namespace atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom";
/atom:feed/atom:entry
</c:query>
7.2.10 p:xsl-formatter

The p:xsl-formatter step receives an [XSL 1.1] document and renders the content. The result of rendering is stored to the URI provided via the href option. A reference to that result is produced on the output port.

<p:declare-step type="p:xsl-formatter">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:input port="parameters" kind="parameter" revisionflag="changed"/>
     <p:output port="result" primary="false"/>
     <p:option name="href" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="content-type" revisionflag="changed"/>        <!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

The value of the href option must be an anyURI. It may be relative, in which case it will be resolved against the base URI of its p:option element before use.

The content-type of the output is controlled by the content-type option. This option specifies a media type as defined by [IANA Media Types]. The option may include media type parameters as well (e.g. "application/someformat; charset=UTF-8"). The use of media type parameters on the content-type option is implementation-defined.

If the content-type option is not specified, the output type is implementation-defined. The default should be PDF.

A formatter may take any number of optional rendering parameters via the step's parameters; such parameters are defined by the XSL implementation used and are implementation-defined.

The output of this step is a document containing a single c:result element whose content is the absolute URI of the document stored by the step.

7.3 Serialization Options

Several steps in this step library require serialization options to control the serialization of XML. These options are used to control serialization as in the [XML Serialization] specification.

The following options may be present on steps that perform serialization:

  • byte-order-mark - The value of this option must be a boolean.
  • cdata-section-elements - The value of this option must be a list of QNames. They are interpreted as elements name.
  • doctype-public - The value of this option must be a string. The public identifier of the doctype. It need not be absolute, and is not resolved.
  • doctype-system - The value of this option must be an anyURI. The system identifier of the doctype. It need not be absolute, and is not resolved.
  • encoding - A character set name.
  • escape-uri-attributes - The value of this option must be a boolean.
  • include-content-type - The value of this option must be a boolean.
  • indent - The value of this option must be a boolean.
  • media-type - The value of this option must be a string. It specifies the media type (MIME content type).
  • method - The value of this option must be a QName. It specifies the serialization method.
  • normalization-form - The value of this option must be an NMTOKEN, one of the enumerated values NFC, NFD, NFKC, NFKD, fully-normalized, none or an implementation-defined value.
  • omit-xml-declaration - The value of this option must be a boolean.
  • standalone - The value of this option must be an NMTOKEN, one of the enumerated values true, false, or omit.
  • undeclare-prefixes - The value of this option must be a boolean.
  • version - The value of this option must be a string.

In order to be consistent with the rest of this specification, boolean values for the serialization parameters use “true” and “false” where the serialization specification uses “yes” and “no”. No change in semantics is implied by this different spelling.

The method option controls the serialization method used by this component with standard values of 'html', 'xml', 'xhtml', and 'text' but only the 'xml' value is required to be supported. The interpretation of the remaining options are as specified in [XML Serialization].

Implementations may support other method values but their results are implementation-defined. It is a dynamic error (err:XC0001) if the requested method is not supported.

A minimally conforming implementation must support the xml output method with the following option values:

  • The version must support the value 1.0.

  • The encoding must support the values UTF-8.

  • The omit-xml-declaration must support be supported. If the value is not specified or has the value no, an XML declaration must be produced.

All other option values may be ignored for the xml output method.

If a processor chooses to implement an option for serialization, it must conform to the semantics defined in the [XML Serialization] specification.

Note

The use-character-maps parameter in [XML Serialization] specification has not been provided in the standard serialization options provided by this specification.

A Conformance

Conformant processors must implement all of the features described in this specification except those that are explicitly identified as optional.

Some aspects of processor behavior are not completely specified; those features are either implementation-dependent or implementation-defined.

[Definition: An implementation-dependent feature is one where the implementation has discretion in how it is performed. Implementations are not required to document or explain how implementation-dependent features are performed.]

[Definition: An implementation-defined feature is one where the implementation has discretion in how it is performed. Conformant implementations must document how implementation-defined features are performed.]

A.1 Implementation-defined features

The following features are implementation-defined:

  1. How inputs are connected to XML documents outside the pipeline is implementation-defined. See Section 1, “Introduction”.
  2. How pipeline outputs are connected to XML documents outside the pipeline is is implementation-defined. See Section 1, “Introduction”.
  3. What additional step types, if any, are provided is implementation-defined. See Section 2.1, “Steps”.
  4. In Version 1.0 of XProc, how (or if) implementers provide local resolution mechanisms and how (or if) they provide access to intermediate results by URI is implementation-defined. See Section 2.2.1, “External Documents”.
  5. Except for cases which are specifically called out in , the extent to which namespace fixup, and other checks for outputs which cannot be serialized, are performed on intermediate outputs is implementation-defined. See Section 2.4.1, “Namespace Fixup on Outputs”.
  6. If no version is specified on the step or among its ancestors, then its XPath versionpipeline is implementation-defined. See Section 2.6, “XPaths in XProc”.
  7. The version of Unicode supported is implementation-defined, but it is recommended that the most recent version of Unicode be used. See Section 2.6.1, “Processor XPath Context”.
  8. TheAn implementation defined point in time returned as the current dateTime istime. implementation-defined. See Section 2.6.1, “Processor XPath Context”.
  9. In the context of an extension compound step, the value returned by p:iteration-position is implementation-defined. See Section 2.6.3.3, “Iteration Position”.
  10. In the context of an extension compound step, the value returned by p:iteration-size is implementation-defined. See Section 2.6.3.4, “Iteration Size”.
  11. How an implementation maps parameters specified to the application, or through some API, to parameters accepted by the top level pipeline is implementation-defined. See Section 2.9, “Parameters.
  12. Support for pipeline documents written in XML 1.1 and pipeline inputs and outputs that use XML 1.1 is implementation-defined. See Section 3, “Syntax Overview”.
  13. TheIf a processor encounters an ignorable element as the semantics of a p:pipeinfop:pipeline or p:pipeline-library elementsthen it behaves in are implementation-defined. See Section 3.7, “Processor annotations.
  14. The presence of other compound steps is implementation-defined; XProc provides no standard mechanism for defining them or describing what they can contain. See Section 4.8, “ExtensionPipelines Steps.
  15. If the href attribute is not specified, the location of the log file or files is implementation-defined. See Section 5.5, “p:log”.
  16. How a sequence of documents is represented in a p:log is implementation-defined. See Section 5.5, “p:log”.
  17. The default value of any unspecified serialization option is implementation-defined. See Section 5.6, “p:serialization”.
  18. WhenLibraries a declared step is evaluated directly by the XProclibraries. processorIt (as opposed tostatic occurringerror as an atomic step in some container),a how the input and outputlibrary ports are bound to documents is implementation-defined. See Section 5.8, “p:declare-step”.
  19. Thea subpipeline may include declarationsname of additional steps (e.g., other pipelines or other step types that are provided by a particular implementation or in some implementation-defined way) and import other pipelines. See Section 5.8.2, “Declaring pipelines.
  20. It is implementation-defined whether or not the external subset is processed. See Section 5.13, “p:document”.
  21. Conformant processors must support directory paths whose scheme is file. It is implementation-defined what other schemes are supported by p:directory-list, and what the interpretation of 'directory', 'file' and 'contents' is for those schemes. See Section 7.1.6, “p:directory-list”.
  22. Any file or directory determined to be special by the p:directory-list step may be output using a c:other element but the criteria for marking a file as special are implementation-defined. See Section 7.1.6, “p:directory-list”.
  23. Any attributes other than name on c:file, c:directory, or c:other are implementation-defined. See Section 7.1.6, “p:directory-list”.
  24. The interpretation of auth-method values on c:request other than “Basic” or “Digest” is implementation-defined. See Section 7.1.9.1, “Specifying a request”.
  25. Implementations must support the file and http URI schemes on p:load. It is implementation-defined what other URI schemes are supported. See Section 7.1.13, “p:load”.
  26. Behavior of p:unescape-markup for content-types other than application/xml is implementation-defined. See Section 7.1.25, “p:unescape-markup”.
  27. If cwd is not specified, the current working directory is implementation-defined. See Section 7.2.1, “p:exec”.
  28. Conformant processors must support the “md5” and “sha1” algorithms. It is implementation-defined what other algorithms are supported. See Section 7.2.2, “p:hash”.
  29. If the version is not specified, the version of UUID computed isconstruction? implementation-defined. See Section 7.2.3, “p:uuid”.
  30. Whether or not the pipeline processor supports passing PSVI annotations between steps is implementation-defined. See Section 7.2.6, “p:validate-with-xml-schema”.
  31. The use of media type parameters on the content-type option is implementation-defined. See Section 7.2.10, “p:xsl-formatter”.
  32. If the content-type option is not specified, the output type is implementation-defined. See Section 7.2.10, “p:xsl-formatter”.
  33. A formatter may take any number of optional rendering parameters via the step's parameters; such parameters are defined by the XSL implementation used and are implementation-defined. See Section 7.2.10, “p:xsl-formatter”.
  34. Implementations may support other method values but their results are implementation-defined. See Section 7.3, “Serialization Options”.
  35. It is implementation-defined whether additional information items and properties, particularly those made available in the PSVI, are preserved between steps. See Section A.3, “Infoset Conformance”.

A.2 Implementation-dependent features

The following features are implementation-dependent:

  1. The evaluation order of steps not connected to one another is implementation-dependent See Section 2, “Pipeline Concepts”.
  2. Outside of a try/catch, the disposition of error messages is implementation-dependent See Section 2.2, “Inputs and Outputs”.
  3. Resolving a URI locally may involve resolvers of various sorts and possibly appeal to implementation-dependent mechanisms such as catalog files. See Section 2.2.1, “External Documents”.
  4. Whether or not (and when and how) the intermediate results that pass between steps are ever written to a filesystem is implementation-dependent. See Section 2.2.1, “External Documents”.
  5. The results of computing the union of namespaces in the presence of conflicting declarations for a particular prefix are implementation-dependent. See Section 2.6.2, “Step XPath Context”.
  6. Implementations may use extension attributes to provide implementation-dependent information about a declared step. See Section 5.8.1, “Declaringuntyped atomic steps.
  7. If the IRI reference specified by the base-uri option on p:make-absolute-uris is not valid, or if it is absent and the input document has no base URI, the results are implementation-dependent. See Section 7.1.14, “p:make-absolute-uris”.
  8. The order in whichof c:param elements occur in is the c:param-set is implementation-dependent. See Section 7.1.17, “p:parameters”.
  9. How XSLT message termination errors are reported to the XProc processor is implementation-dependent. See Section 7.1.30, “p:xslt”.

A.3 Infoset Conformance

This specification conforms to the XML Information Set [Infoset]. The information corresponding to the following information items and properties must be available to the processor for the documents that flow through the pipeline.

  • The Document Information Item with [base URI] and [children] properties.

  • Element Information Items with [base URI], [children], [attributes], [in-scope namespaces], [prefix], [local name], [namespace name], [parent] properties.

  • Attribute Information Items with [namespace name], [prefix], [local name], [normalized value], [attribute type], and [owner element] properties.

  • Character Information Items with [character code], [parent], and, optionally, [element content whitespace] properties.

  • Processing Instruction Information Items with [base URI], [target], [content] and [parent] properties.

  • Comment Information Items with [content] and [parent] properties.

  • Namespace Information Items with [prefix] and [namespace name] properties.

It is implementation-defined whether additional information items and properties, particularly those made available in the PSVI, are preserved between steps.

B References

[XML Core Req] XML Processing Model Requirements. Dmitry Lenkov, Norman Walsh, editors. W3C Working Group Note 05 April 2004

[Infoset] XML Information Set (Second Edition). John Cowan, Richard Tobin, editors. W3C Working Group Note 04 February 2004.

[XML 1.0] Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fourth Edition). Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, et. al. editors. W3C Recommendation 16 August 2006.

[Namespaces 1.0] Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Second Edition). Tim Bray, Dave Hollander, Andrew Layman, et. al., editors. W3C Recommendation 16 August 2006.

[XML 1.1] Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1 (Second Edition). Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, et. al. editors. W3C Recommendation 16 August 2006.

[Namespaces 1.1] Namespaces in XML 1.1 (Second Edition). Tim Bray, Dave Hollander, Andrew Layman, et. al., editors. W3C Recommendation 16 August 2006.

[XPath 1.0] XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0. James Clark and Steve DeRose, editors. W3C Recommendation. 16 November 1999.

[XSLT 1.0] XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 1.0. James Clark, editor. W3C Recommendation. 16 November 1999.

[XPath 2.0] XML Path Language (XPath) 2.0. Anders Berglund, Scott Boag, Don Chamberlin, et. al., editors. W3C Recommendation. 23 January 2007.

[XPath 2.0 Functions and Operators] XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Functions and Operators. Ashok Malhotra, Jim Melton, and Norman Walsh, editors. W3C Recommendation. 23 January 2007.

[XSLT 2.0] XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 2.0. Michael Kay, editor. W3C Recommendation. 23 January 2007.

[XSL 1.1] Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Version 1.1. Anders Berglund, editor. W3C Recommendation. 5 December 2006.

[XQuery 1.0] XQuery 1.0: An XML Query Language. Scott Boag, Don Chamberlin, Mary Fernández, et. al., editors. W3C Recommendation. 23 January 2007.

[RELAX NG] ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34. ISO/IEC 19757-2:2003(E) 19757-2:2002(E) Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) — Part 2: Grammar-based validation — RELAX NG 2002.

[RELAX NG DTD Compatibility] RELAX NG DTD Compatibility. OASIS Committee Specification. 3 December 2001.

[Schematron] ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34. ISO/IEC 19757-2:2003(E)FDIS 19757-2:2002(E) Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) — Part 3: Rule-based validation — Schematron 2004.

[W3C XML Schema: Part 1] XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition. Henry S. Thompson, David Beech, Murray Maloney, et. al., editors. World Wide Web Consortium, 28 October 2004.

[W3C XML Schema: Part 2] XML Schema Part 2: Structures Second Edition. Paul V. Biron and Ashok Malhotra, editors. World Wide Web Consortium, 28 October 2004.

[xml:id] xml:id Version 1.0. Jonathan Marsh, Daniel Veillard, and Norman Walsh, editors. W3C Recommendation. 9 September 2005.

[XInclude] XML Inclusions (XInclude) Version 1.0 (Second Edition). Jonathan Marsh, David Orchard, and Daniel Veillard, editors. W3C Recommendation. 15 November 2005.

[XML Base] XML Base. Jonathan Marsh, editor. W3C Recommendation. 27 June 2001.

[XPointer Framework] XPointer Framework. Paul Grosso, Eve Maler, Jonathan Marsh, et. al., editors. W3C Recommendation. 25 March 2003.

[XPointer element() Scheme] XPointer element() Scheme. Paul Grosso, Eve Maler, Jonathan Marsh, et. al., editors. W3C Recommendation. 25 March 2003.

[XML Serialization] XSLT 2.0 and XQuery 1.0 Serialization. Scott Boag, Michael Kay, Joanne Tong, Norman Walsh, and Henry Zongaro, editors. W3C Recommendation. 23 January 2007.

[RFC 1521] RFC 1521: MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing the Format of Internet Message Bodies. N. Borenstein, N. Freed, editors. Internet Engineering Task Force. September, 1993.

[RFC 2616] RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol — HTTP/1.1. R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, et. al., editors. Internet Engineering Task Force. June, 1999.

[RFC 2617] RFC 2617: HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication. J. Franks, P. Hallam-Baker, J. Hostetler, S. Lawrence, P. Leach, A. Luotonen, L. Stewart. June, 1999 .

[RFC 3023] RFC 3023: XML Media Types. M. Murata, S. St. Laurent, and D. Kohn, editors. Internet Engineering Task Force. January, 2001.

[RFC 3548] RFC 3548: The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings. S. Josefsson, Editor. Internet Engineering Task Force. July, 2003.

[RFC 3986] RFC 3986: Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): General Syntax. T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, and L. Masinter, editors. Internet Engineering Task Force. January, 2005.

[RFC 3987] RFC 3987: Internationalized Resource Identifiers (URIs). M. Duerst and M. Suignard, editors. Internet Engineering Task Force. January, 2005.

[IANA Media Types] IANA MIME Media Types. Internet Engineering Task Force.

[HTML Tidy] HTML Tidy Library Project. SourceForge project.

[TagSoup] TagSoup - Just Keep On Truckin'. John Cowan.

The XProc Media Type This appendix registers a new MIME media type, application/xproc+xml. Registration of MIME media type application/xproc+xml MIME media type name: application MIME subtype name: xproc+xml Required parameters: None. Optional parameters: charset This parameter has identical semantics to the charset parameter of the application/xml media type as specified in or its successors. Encoding considerations: The XProc syntax is XML; it has the same considerations when sent as application/xproc+xml as does XML. See , Section 3.2. Security considerations: XProc elements may refer to arbitrary URIs. In this case, the security issues of , section 7, should be considered. Interoperability considerations: None. Published specification: This media type registration is for XProc documents as described by this document. Applications which use this media type: There is no experimental, vendor specific, or personal tree predecessor to application/xproc+xml, reflecting the fact that no applications currently recognize it. This new type is being registered in order to allow for the deployment of XProc on the World Wide Web, as a first class XML application. Additional information: Magic number(s): There is no single initial octet sequence that is always present in XProc documents. File extension(s): XProc documents are most often identified with the extension .xpl. Macintosh File Type Code(s): TEXT Person & email address to contact for further information: The XML Processing Model Working Group at the W3C, public-xml-processing-model-comments@w3.org. Intended usage: COMMON Author/Change controller: The XProc specification is a work product of the XML Processing Model Working Group at the W3C. Fragment Identifiers The fragment identifier notation for documents labeled application/xproc+xml is an extension of the . If the fragment identifier is a SchemeBased pointer, then the semantics are determined by the relevant XPointer scheme. Only the is mandated by this specification. If the fragment identifier begins with a slash (“/”) and consists of one or more slash-separated strings then each string is interpreted as the name of a step. The first such string identifies the first step (in document order) with the specified name. The second and subsequent strings, if present, identify the first step with the specified name within the descendants of the currently identified step. If no step is identified by the sequence of names, the pointer is in error. For the purposes of pointer resolution, the defaulted names must be supported. If the fragment identifier is a Shorthand pointer, then it has the semantics of an shorthand pointer. Any other pointer is in error.

C Glossary

Namespaces in XML

Unless otherwise noted, the term Namespaces in XML refers equally to [Namespaces 1.0] and [Namespaces 1.1].

QName

In the context of XProc, a QName is almost always a QName in the Namespaces in XML sense. Note, however, that p:option and p:with-param values can get their namespace declarations in a non-standard way (with p:namespaces) and QNames that have no prefix are always in no-namespace, irrespective of the default namespace.

XML

XProc is intended to work equally well with [XML 1.0] and [XML 1.1]. Unless otherwise noted, the term “XML” refers equally to both versions.

ancestors

The ancestors of a step are its container, the container of its container, and all other containers above it.

atomic step

An atomic step is a step that performs a unit of XML processing, such as XInclude or transformation, and has no internal subpipeline. subpipeline.

binding

A binding associates an input or output port with some data source.

by URI

A document is specified by URI if it is referenced with a URI.

by source

A document is specified by source if it references a specific port on another step.

compound step

A compound step is a step that contains one or more subpipelines. That is, a compound step differs from an atomic step in that its semantics are at least subpipeline.partially determined by the steps that it contains.

contained steps

The steps that occur directly within, or within non-step wrappers directly within,inside a compound step are called that step's contained steps. In other words, “container” and “contained steps” are inverse relationships.

container

A compound step orwhich immediately contains multi-container step is a its container for the steps directly within it or within non-step wrappers directly within it..

declared inputs

The input ports declared on a step are its declared inputs.

declared options

The options declared on a step are its declared options.

declared outputs

The output ports declared on a step are its declared outputs.

default readable port

The default readable port, which may be undefined, is a specific step name/port name pair from the set of readable ports.

dynamic error

A dynamic error is one which occurs while a pipeline is being evaluated.

empty environment

The empty environment contains no readable ports, no in-scope options, and an undefined default readable port and no in-scope bindings.port.

empty sequence

An empty sequence of documents is specified with the p:empty element.

environment

The environment of a step is the information available to each instance of a step in a pipeline.expanded pipeline nameThe expanded pipeline name of a context-dependentpipeline is the expanded name denoted by its type, if it has one, otherwise the expanded name specified by collection namespace of informationits containing pipeline-library and its name.extension elementAn extension element is any element that is not in the XProc namespace and is available withing sub-pipelines.

extension attribute

An element from the XProc namespace may have any attribute not from the XProc namespace, provided that the expanded-QName of the attribute has a non-null namespace URI. Such an attribute is called an extension attribute.

ignorable elementAny element in an ignored namespace is an ignorable element.implementation-defined

An implementation-defined feature is one where the implementation has discretion in how it is performed. Conformant implementations must document how implementation-defined features are performed.

implementation-dependent

An implementation-dependent feature is one where the implementation has discretion in how it is performed. Implementations are not required to document or explain how implementation-dependent features are performed.

in-scope bindings

The in-scope bindings are a set of name-value pairs,that are based on optionto and variablea bindings.

inherited environment

The inherited environment of a contained step is an environment that is the same as the environment of its container with the standard modifications.

inline document

An inline document is specified directly in the body of the element that binds it.

last step

The last step in a a subpipeline is its last step in document order.order within its container.

matches

A step matches its signature if and only if it specifies an input for each declared input, it specifies no inputs that are not declared, it specifies an option for each option that is declared to be required, and it specifies no options that are not declared.

multi-container step

A multi-container step is a step that contains several alternate subpipelines.

namespace fixup

To produce a serializable XML document, the XProc processor must sometimes add additional namespace nodes, perhaps even renaming prefixes, to satisfy the constraints of Namespaces in XML. This process is referred to as namespace fixup.

option

An option is a name/value pair where the name is an expanded name and the value must be a string.

parameter

A parameter is a name/value pair where the name is an expanded name and the value must be a string.

parameter input port

A parameter input port is a distinguished kind of input port which accepts (only) dynamically constructed parameter name/value pairs.

pipeline

A pipeline is a set of connected steps, with outputs of one step flowing into into inputs of another.

primary input port

If a step has a document input port which is explicitly marked “primary='true'”, or if it has exactly one document input port and that port is not explicitly marked “primary='false'”, then that input port is the primary input port of the step.

primary output port

If a step has a document output port which is explicitly marked “primary='true'”, or if it has exactly one document output port and that port is not explicitly marked “primary='false'”, then that output port is the primary output port of the step.

primary parameter input port

If a step has a parameter input port which is explicitly marked “primary='true'”, or if it has exactly one parameter input port and that port is not explicitly marked “primary='false'”, then that parameter input port is the primary parameter input port of the step.

readable ports

The readable ports are a set ofthe step name/port name pairs.pairs that are visible to the step.

signature

The signature of a step is the set of inputs, outputs, and options that it is declared to accept.

specified options

The options on a step which have specified values, either because a p:with-option element specifies a value or because the declaration included a default value, are its specified options.

static error

A static error is one which can be detected before pipeline evaluation is even attempted.

step

A step is the basic computational unit of a pipeline.

subpipeline

Sibling steps (and the connections between them) form a subpipeline.

variable

Acompound variablestep is a name/value pair where the name is an expanded name and the value mustform be a string.

visible

If two names are in the same scope, we say that they are visible to each other. .

D Pipeline Language Summary

This appendix summarizes the XProc pipeline language. Machine readable descriptions of this language are available in RELAX NG (and the RELAX NG compact syntax), W3C XML Schema, and DTD syntaxes.

<p:pipeline
  name? = NCName
  type? = QName
  psvi-required? = boolean
  xpath-version? = string>
    (p:input |
     p:output |
     p:option |
     p:log |
     p:serialization)*,
    ((p:declare-step |
      p:import)*,
     subpipeline)?
</p:pipeline>

<p:for-each
  name? = NCName>
    ((p:iteration-source? &
      (p:output |
       p:log)*),
     subpipeline)
</p:for-each>

<p:viewport
  name? = NCName
  match = XSLTMatchPattern>
    ((p:viewport-source? &
      p:output? &
      p:log?),
     subpipeline)
</p:viewport>

<p:choose
  name? = NCName>
    (p:xpath-context?,
     p:variable*,
     p:when*,
     p:otherwise?)
</p:choose>

<p:xpath-context>
    (p:empty |
      p:pipe |
      p:document |
      p:inline)?
</p:xpath-context>

<p:when
  test = XPathExpression>
    (p:xpath-context?,
     (p:output |
      p:log)*,
     subpipeline)
</p:when>

<p:otherwise>
    ((p:output |
      p:log)*,
     subpipeline)
</p:otherwise>

<p:group
  name? = NCName>
    ((p:output |
      p:log)*,
     subpipeline)
</p:group>

<p:try
  name? = NCName>
    (p:variable*,
      p:group,
      p:catch)
</p:try>

<p:catch>
    ((p:output |
      p:log)*,
     subpipeline)
</p:catch>

<pfx:atomic-step
  name? = NCName>
    (p:input |
     p:with-option |
     p:with-param |
     p:log)*
</pfx:atomic-step>

<pfx:atomic-step
  name? = NCName>
    (p:input |
     p:with-option |
     p:with-param |
     p:log)*
</pfx:atomic-step>

<p:input
  port = NCName
  sequence? = boolean
  primary? = boolean
  kind? = "document"
  select? = XPathExpression>
    (p:empty |
      (p:document |
       p:inline)+)?
</p:input>

<p:input
  port = NCName
  select? = XPathExpression>
    (p:empty |
      (p:pipe |
       p:document |
       p:inline)+)?
</p:input>

<p:input
  port = NCName
  sequence? = boolean
  primary? = boolean
  kind = "parameter" />

<p:iteration-source
  select? = XPathExpression>
    (p:empty |
      (p:pipe |
       p:document |
       p:inline)+)?
</p:iteration-source>

<p:viewport-source>
    (p:pipe |
      p:document |
      p:inline)?
</p:viewport-source>

<p:output
  port = NCName
  sequence? = boolean
  primary? = boolean />

<p:output
  port = NCName
  sequence? = boolean
  primary? = boolean>
    (p:empty |
      (p:pipe |
       p:document |
       p:inline)+)?
</p:output>

<p:log
  port = NCName
  href? = anyURI />

<p:serialization
  port = NCName
  byte-order-mark? = boolean
  cdata-section-elements? = NMTOKENS
  doctype-public? = string
  doctype-system? = string
  encoding? = string
  escape-uri-attributes? = boolean
  include-content-type? = boolean
  indent? = boolean
  media-type? = string
  method? = QName
  normalization-form? = NFC|NFD|NFKC|NFKD|fully-normalized|none|xs:NMTOKEN
  omit-xml-declaration? = boolean
  standalone? = true|false|omit
  undeclare-prefixes? = boolean
  version? = string />

<p:variable
  name = QName
  select = XPathExpression>
    ((p:empty |
      p:pipe |
      p:document |
      p:inline)? &
     p:namespaces*)
</p:variable>

<p:option
  name = QName
  required? = boolean />

<p:option
  name = QName
  select = XPathExpression />

<p:with-option
  name = QName
  select = XPathExpression>
    ((p:empty |
      p:pipe |
      p:document |
      p:inline)? &
     p:namespaces*)
</p:with-option>

<p:with-param
  name = QName
  select = XPathExpression
  port? = NCName>
    ((p:empty |
      p:pipe |
      p:document |
      p:inline)? &
     p:namespaces*)
</p:with-param>

<p:namespaces
  binding? = QName
  element? = XPathExpression
  except-prefixes? = prefix list />

<p:declare-step
  name? = NCName
  type? = QName
  psvi-required? = boolean
  xpath-version? = string>
    (p:input |
     p:output |
     p:option |
     p:log |
     p:serialization)*,
    ((p:declare-step |
      p:import)*,
     subpipeline)?
</p:declare-step>

<p:library
  xpath-version? = string>
    (p:import |
     p:declare-step)*
</p:library>

<p:import
  href = anyURI />

<p:pipe
  step = NCName
  port = NCName />

<p:inline
  ignore-inline-prefixes? = prefix list>
    anyElement
</p:inline>

<p:document
  href = anyURI />

<p:empty />

<p:documentation>
    any-well-formed-content*
</p:documentation>

<p:pipeinfo>
    any-well-formed-content*
</p:pipeinfo>

The core steps are also summarized here.

<p:declare-step type="p:add-attribute">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
     <p:option name="attribute-name" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="attribute-value" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:add-xml-base">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="all" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="relative" select="'true'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:compare">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:input port="alternate"/>
     <p:output port="result" primary="false" revisionflag="changed"/>
     <p:option name="fail-if-not-equal" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:count">
     <p:input port="source" sequence="true"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:delete">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:directory-list">
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="path" select="'.'" revisionflag="changed"/>   <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="include-filter" revisionflag="added"/>        <!-- RegularExpression -->
     <p:option name="exclude-filter" revisionflag="added"/>        <!-- RegularExpression -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:error">
     <p:input port="source" revisionflag="added"/>
     <p:option name="code" required="true" revisionflag="added"/>  <!-- QName -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:escape-markup">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="cdata-section-elements" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- ListOfQNames -->
     <p:option name="doctype-public" revisionflag="changed"/>      <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="doctype-system" revisionflag="changed"/>      <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="encoding" revisionflag="changed"/>            <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="escape-uri-attributes" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="include-content-type" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="indent" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="media-type" revisionflag="changed"/>          <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="method" select="'xml'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="omit-xml-declaration" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="standalone" revisionflag="changed"/>          <!-- "true" | "false" | "omit" -->
     <p:option name="undeclare-prefixes" revisionflag="changed"/>  <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="version" select="'1.0'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:http-request">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="byte-order-mark" revisionflag="added"/>       <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="cdata-section-elements" revisionflag="added"/><!-- ListOfQNames -->
     <p:option name="doctype-public" revisionflag="added"/>        <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="doctype-system" revisionflag="added"/>        <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="encoding" revisionflag="added"/>              <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="escape-uri-attributes" revisionflag="added"/> <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="include-content-type" revisionflag="added"/>  <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="indent" select="'false'" revisionflag="added"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="media-type" revisionflag="added"/>            <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="method" select="'xml'" revisionflag="added"/> <!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="normalization-form" revisionflag="added"/>    <!-- NormalizationForm -->
     <p:option name="omit-xml-declaration" revisionflag="added"/>  <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="standalone" revisionflag="added"/>            <!-- "true" | "false" | "omit" -->
     <p:option name="undeclare-prefixes" revisionflag="added"/>    <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="version" select="'1.0'" revisionflag="added"/><!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:identity">
     <p:input port="source" sequence="true"/>
     <p:output port="result" sequence="true"/>
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:insert">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:input port="insertion" sequence="true" revisionflag="changed"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" select="'/*'" revisionflag="changed"/> <!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
     <p:option name="position" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- "first-child" | "last-child" | "before" | "after" -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:label-elements">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="attribute" select="'xml:id'" revisionflag="added"/><!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="label" select="'concat("_",$p:index)'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
     <p:option name="match" select="'*'" revisionflag="changed"/>  <!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
     <p:option name="replace" select="'true'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:load">
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="href" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="dtd-validate" revisionflag="changed"/>        <!-- boolean -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:make-absolute-uris">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
     <p:option name="base-uri" revisionflag="changed"/>            <!-- anyURI -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:namespace-rename">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="from" revisionflag="changed"/>                <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="to" revisionflag="changed"/>                  <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="elements-only" revisionflag="changed"/>       <!-- boolean -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:pack">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true" sequence="true"/>
     <p:input port="alternate" sequence="true"/>
     <p:output port="result" sequence="true"/>
     <p:option name="wrapper" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:parameters">
     <p:input port="parameters" kind="parameter" primary="false" revisionflag="changed"/>
     <p:output port="result" primary="false" revisionflag="changed"/>
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:rename">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
     <p:option name="new-name" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:replace">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:input port="replacement"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:set-attributes">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:input port="attributes"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:sink">
     <p:input port="source" sequence="true"/>
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:split-sequence">
     <p:input port="source" sequence="true"/>
     <p:output port="matched" primary="true" sequence="true"/>
     <p:output port="not-matched" sequence="true"/>
     <p:option name="test" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XPathExpression -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:store">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result" primary="false"/>
     <p:option name="href" revisionflag="changed"/>                <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="byte-order-mark" revisionflag="changed"/>     <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="cdata-section-elements" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- ListOfQNames -->
     <p:option name="doctype-public" revisionflag="changed"/>      <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="doctype-system" revisionflag="changed"/>      <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="encoding" revisionflag="changed"/>            <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="escape-uri-attributes" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="include-content-type" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="indent" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="media-type" revisionflag="changed"/>          <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="method" select="'xml'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="normalization-form" revisionflag="changed"/>  <!-- NormalizationForm -->
     <p:option name="omit-xml-declaration" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="standalone" revisionflag="changed"/>          <!-- "true" | "false" | "omit" -->
     <p:option name="undeclare-prefixes" revisionflag="changed"/>  <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="version" select="'1.0'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:string-replace" revisionflag="added">
     <p:input port="source" revisionflag="added"/>
     <p:output port="result" revisionflag="added"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="added"/> <!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
     <p:option name="replace" required="true" revisionflag="added"/><!-- XPathExpression -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:unescape-markup">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="namespace" revisionflag="changed"/>           <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="content-type" select="'application/xml'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
     <p:option name="encoding" revisionflag="changed"/>            <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="charset" revisionflag="changed"/>             <!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:unwrap">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:wrap">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="wrapper" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
     <p:option name="group-adjacent" revisionflag="changed"/>      <!-- XPathExpression -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:wrap-sequence">
     <p:input port="source" sequence="true"/>
     <p:output port="result" sequence="true"/>
     <p:option name="wrapper" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="group-adjacent" revisionflag="changed"/>      <!-- XPathExpression -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:xinclude">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="fixup-xml-base" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="fixup-xml-lang" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:xslt">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true" sequence="true"/>
     <p:input port="stylesheet"/>
     <p:input port="parameters" kind="parameter" revisionflag="changed"/>
     <p:output port="result" primary="true"/>
     <p:output port="secondary" sequence="true"/>
     <p:option name="initial-mode" revisionflag="changed"/>        <!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="template-name" revisionflag="changed"/>       <!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="output-base-uri" revisionflag="changed"/>     <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="version" revisionflag="changed"/>             <!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

As are the optional steps.

<p:declare-step type="p:exec">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true" sequence="true"/>
     <p:output port="result" primary="true"/>
     <p:output port="errors"/>
     <p:option name="command" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
     <p:option name="args" revisionflag="changed"/>                <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="cwd" revisionflag="changed"/>                 <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="source-is-xml" select="'true'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="result-is-xml" select="'true'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="wrap-result-lines" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="errors-is-xml" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="wrap-error-lines" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="fix-slashes" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="byte-order-mark" revisionflag="changed"/>     <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="cdata-section-elements" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- ListOfQNames -->
     <p:option name="doctype-public" revisionflag="changed"/>      <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="doctype-system" revisionflag="changed"/>      <!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="encoding" revisionflag="changed"/>            <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="escape-uri-attributes" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="include-content-type" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="indent" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="media-type" revisionflag="changed"/>          <!-- string -->
     <p:option name="method" select="'xml'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="normalization-form" revisionflag="changed"/>  <!-- NormalizationForm -->
     <p:option name="omit-xml-declaration" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="standalone" revisionflag="changed"/>          <!-- "true" | "false" | "omit" -->
     <p:option name="undeclare-prefixes" revisionflag="changed"/>  <!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="version" select="'1.0'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:hash">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:input port="parameters" kind="parameter"/>
     <p:option name="value" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
     <p:option name="algorithm" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- QName -->
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:uuid">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="added"/> <!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
     <p:option name="version" revisionflag="added"/>               <!-- integer -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:validate-with-relax-ng">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:input port="schema"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="dtd-compatibility" select="'false'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="assert-valid" select="'true'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:validate-with-schematron">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:input port="schema"/>
     <p:output port="result" primary="true" revisionflag="added"/>
     <p:output port="report" sequence="true" revisionflag="added"/>
     <p:option name="assert-valid" select="'true'" revisionflag="added"/><!-- boolean -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:validate-with-xml-schema">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:input port="schema" sequence="true"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="assert-valid" select="'true'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- boolean -->
     <p:option name="mode" select="'strict'" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- "strict" | "lax" -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:www-form-urldecode">
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:option name="value" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:www-form-urlencode">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true"/>
     <p:output port="result"/>
     <p:input port="parameters" kind="parameter"/>
     <p:option name="match" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- XSLTMatchPattern -->
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:xquery">
     <p:input port="source" primary="true" sequence="true"/>
     <p:input port="query"/>
     <p:input port="parameters" kind="parameter" revisionflag="changed"/>
     <p:output port="result" sequence="true"/>
</p:declare-step>

<p:declare-step type="p:xsl-formatter">
     <p:input port="source"/>
     <p:input port="parameters" kind="parameter" revisionflag="changed"/>
     <p:output port="result" primary="false"/>
     <p:option name="href" required="true" revisionflag="changed"/><!-- anyURI -->
     <p:option name="content-type" revisionflag="changed"/>        <!-- string -->
</p:declare-step>

And the step vocabulary elements.

<c:param
  name = QName
  namespace? = anyURI
  value = string />

<c:param-set>
    c:param*
</c:param-set>

<c:result>
    string
</c:result>

<c:directory
  name = string>
    (c:file |
     c:directory |
     c:other)*
</c:directory>

<c:file
  name = string />

<c:other
  name = string />

<c:request
  method? = NCName
  href? = anyURI
  detailed? = boolean
  status-only? = boolean
  username? = string
  password? = string
  auth-method? = string
  send-authorization? = boolean
  override-content-type? = string>
    (c:header*,
     (c:multipart |
      c:body)?)
</c:request>

<c:header
  name = string
  value = string />

<c:multipart
  content-type? = string
  boundary = string>
    c:header*,
    c:body+
</c:multipart>

<c:body
  content-type = string
  encoding? = string
  id? = string
  description? = string>
    anyElement*
</c:body>

<c:response
  status? = integer>
    (c:header*,
     (c:multipart |
      c:body)?)
</c:response>

<c:line>
    string
</c:line>

<c:query>
    string
</c:query>

E Guidance on Namespace Fixup (Non-Normative)

An XProc processor may find it necessary to add missing namespace declarations to ensure that a document can be serialized. While this process is implementation defined, the purpose of this appendix is to provide guidance as to what an implementation might do to either prevent such situations or fix them as before serialization.

When a namespace binding is generated, the prefix associated with the QName of the element or attribute in question should be used. From an infoset perspective, this is accomplished by setting the [prefix] on the element or attribute. Then when an implementation needs to add a namespace binding, it can reuse that prefix if possible. If reusing the prefix is not possible, the implementation must generate a new prefix that is unique to the in-scope namespace of the element or owner element of the attribute.

An implementation can avoid namespace fixup by making sure that the standard step library does not output documents that require fixup. The following list contains suggestions as to how to accomplish this within the steps:

  1. Any step that outputs an element in the step vocabulary namespace http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc-step must ensure that namespace is declared. An implementation should generate a namespace binding using the prefix “c”.

  2. When attributes are added by p:add-attribute or p:set-attributes, the step must ensure the namespace of the attributes added are declared. If the prefix used by the QName is not in the in-scope namespaces of the element on which the attribute was added, the step must add a namespace declaration of the prefix to the in-scope namespaces. If the prefix is amongst the in-scope namespace and is not bound to the same namespace name, a new prefix and namespace binding must be added. When When a new prefix is generated, the prefix associated with the attribute should be changed to reflect that generated prefix value.

  3. When an element is renamed by p:rename, the step must ensure the namespace namespace of the element is declared. If the prefix used by the QName is not in the in-scope namespaces of the element being renamed, the step must add a namespace declaration of the prefix to the in-scope namespaces. namespaces. If the prefix is amongst the in-scope namespace and is not bound to the same namespace name, a new prefix and namespace binding must be added. When a new prefix is generated, the prefix associated with the element should be changed to reflect that generated prefix value.

    If the element does not have a namespace name and there is a default namespace, the default namespace must be undeclared. For each of the child elements, the original default namespace declaration must be preserved by adding a default namespace declaration unless the child element has a different default namespace.

  4. When an attribute is renamed by p:rename, the step must ensure the namespace of the renamed attribute is declared. If the prefix used by the QName QName is not in the in-scope namespaces of the element on which the attribute was added, the step must add a namespace declaration of the prefix to the in-scope namespaces. If the prefix is amongst the in-scope namespace and is not bound to the same namespace name, a new prefix and namespace binding must be added. When a new prefix is generated, the prefix associated with the attribute should be changed to reflect that generated prefix value.

  5. When an element wraps content via p:wrap, there may be in-scope namespaces coming from ancestor elements of the new wrapper element. The step must ensure the namespace of the element is declared properly. By default, the wrapper element will inherit the in-scope namespaces of the parent element if one exists. As such, there may be a existing namespace declaration or default namespace.

    If the prefix used by the QName is not in the in-scope namespaces of the wrapper element, the step must add a namespace declaration of the prefix to the in-scope namespaces. If the prefix is amongst the in-scope namespace and is not bound to the same namespace name, a new prefix and namespace binding must be added. When a new prefix is generated, the prefix associated with the wrapper element should be changed to reflect that generated prefix value.

    If the element does not have a namespace name and there is a default namespace, the default namespace must be undeclared. For each of the child elements, the original default namespace declaration must be preserved by adding a default namespace declaration unless the child element has a different default namespace.

  6. When the wrapper element is added for p:wrap-sequence or p:pack, the prefix used by the QName must be added to the in-scope namespaces.

  7. When a element is removed via p:unwrap, an in-scope namespaces that are declared on the element must be copied to any child element except when the child element declares the same prefix or declares a new default namespace.

  8. In the output from p:xslt, if an element was generated from the xsl:element or an attribute from xsl:attribute, the step must guarantee that an namespace declaration exists for the namespace name used. Depending on the XSLT implementation, the namespace declaration for the namespace name of the element or attribute may not be declared. It may also be the case that the original prefix is available. If the original prefix is available, the step should attempt to re-use that prefix. Otherwise, it must generate a prefix for a namespace binding and change the prefix associated the element or attribute.

Handling Circular and Re-entrant Library Imports (Non-Normative)

When handling imports, an implementation should be able to detect the following situations:

  1. Circular imports: A imports B, B imports A.

  2. Re-entrant imports: A imports B and C, B imports D, C imports D.

To accomplish this, an implementation can use the following strategy:

  1. For a pipeline or library, process all the p:import elements and record the URI of each resource returned. If the same resource URI is encountered more than once, do not load and process that resource after the first time.

  2. For each resource, determine the exported step types defined by the resource that are defined within the resource and not by an import by the following rules:

  3. Associated with every resource URI a list of step types declared within and a list of the "top level" imported resource URI values (i.e. the base URI of the resolved resource for each p:import element in the library or pipeline).

    This is effectively two maps:

    D: {uri} -> {set of step declarations}
    I: {uri} -> {set of uris}
    
    
  4. For any resource, the set of new types is:

    N: ({uri}, {set of uris}} -> ({set of step declarations},{set of uris})
    
    N(U,P) :=
       let R := D(U)
       for each k in I(U)
          if k not in P
             P:= union of { P, k }
             let r:= N(k,P)
                 R:= union of (R,r[0])
                 P:= r[1]
       return (R,P)
    
    

    If N(U,P) contains duplicates, then the same step name is declared in different resources (which is an error).

  5. For any resource, the set of types is:

    S: {uri} -> {set of step declarations}
    
    S(U) := N(U,{})[0]
    
    

    If S(U) contains any duplicates, then the same step name is declared in different resources (which is an error).

An implemention can use the maps N and S as necessary to resolve imports.

Sequential steps, parallelism, and side-effects

XProc imposes as few constraints on the order in which steps must be evaluated as possible and almost no constraints on parallel execution.

In the simple, and we believe overwhelmingly common case, inputs flow into the pipeline, through the pipeline from one step to the next, and results are produced at the end. The order of the steps is constrained by the input/output connections between them. Implementations are free to execute them in a purely sequential fashion or in parallel, as they see fit. The results are the same in either case.

This is not true for pipelines which rely on side effects, such as the state of the filesystem or the state of the web. Consider the following pipeline:

<p:pipeline xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc">

  <p:xslt name="generate-stylesheet">
    <p:input port="source">
      <p:document href="someURI"/>
    </p:input>
    <p:input port="stylesheet">
      <p:document href="someOtherURI"/>
    </p:input>
  </p:xslt>

  <p:store name="save-xslt" href="gen-style.xsl"/>

  <p:xslt name="style">
    <p:input port="source">
      <p:pipe step="main" port="source"/>
    </p:input>
    <p:input port="stylesheet">
      <p:document href="gen-style.xsl"/>
    </p:input>
  </p:xslt>
</p:pipeline>

There's no guarantee that “style” step will execute after the “save-xslt” step. In this case, the solution is straightforward. Even if you need the saved stylesheet, you don't need to rely on it in your pipeline:

<p:pipeline xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/ns/xproc">

  <p:xslt name="generate-stylesheet">
    <p:input port="source">
      <p:document href="someURI"/>
    </p:input>
    <p:input port="stylesheet">
      <p:document href="someOtherURI"/>
    </p:input>
  </p:xslt>

  <p:store name="save-xslt" href="gen-style.xsl"/>

  <p:xslt name="style">
    <p:input port="source">
      <p:pipe step="main" port="source"/>
    </p:input>
    <p:input port="stylesheet">
      <p:pipe step="generate-stylesheet" port="result"/>
    </p:input>
  </p:xslt>
</p:pipeline>

Now the result is independent of the implementation strategy.

Implementations are free to invent additional control structures using p:pipeinfo and extension attributes to provide greater control over parallelism in their implementations.