- This version:
- http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-test-20040210/
- Latest version:
- http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-test/
- Previous version:
- http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-test-20031215/
- Editors:
- Jeremy J. Carroll, HP
<jjc@hpl.hp.com>
-
Jos De Roo, AGFA,<jos.deroo@agfa.com>
Please refer to the errata
for this document, which may include some normative corrections.
The normative version of this document
is a compound document.
Non-normative versions consisting of a single HTML file are available
in three sizes:
medium (this version),
large,
and extra large.
The tests of this document are also available in these non-normative formats:
Zip archive of approved tests,
the test Web site.
See also translations.
Copyright © 2004
W3C®
(MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C
liability,
trademark,
document
use and
software
licensing rules apply.
This document contains and presents test cases for the Web Ontology Language (OWL)
approved by the
Web Ontology Working Group. Many of the test cases illustrate the correct usage
of the Web Ontology Language (OWL), and the formal
meaning of its constructs. Other test cases
illustrate the resolution of issues considered by the Working Group.
Conformance for OWL documents and OWL document checkers is specified.
See the normative compound HTML document for document status.
As part of the definition of the Web Ontology Language (OWL)
the Web Ontology Working Group provides a
set of test cases. This document
presents those test cases.
They are intended to provide examples for, and clarification
of, the normative definition of OWL
found in
[OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax]
to which this document is subsidiary.
This document is one component of the description of OWL, the Web Ontology
Language, being produced by the W3C Web Ontology Working Group.
The Document Roadmap section
of the
[OWL Overview] describes each of the different parts
and how they fit together.
This document describes the various types of test used
and the format in which the tests
are presented.
Alternative formats of the test collection are provided.
These are intended to be suitable
for use by OWL developers in test harnesses,
possibly as part of a test driven development process,
such as Extreme Programming [XP].
The format of the Manifest files
used as part of these alternative formats is described.
In the non-normative appendices, this document also
describes the
process for creation and approval of these tests.
Various conformance levels are defined in this document
in terms
of
[OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax].
However, the test cases do not constitute a conformance test
suite for OWL,
since they are silent
on several important issues. This document cannot be considered a
complete specification of OWL.
The tests illustrate issue resolutions, and illustrate the use and meaning
of
the terms in the OWL namespace.
There are
other miscellaneous tests:
some
arising in the literature, and in preexisting systems;
others intending to show the difficulty of
complete implementations of OWL Full.
The deliverables included as part of the test cases are:
- The recommendation track document, which normatively includes the tests.
- Additional alternative forms of the normative tests. These are also
included in informative appendices to this document.
- A zip file including
- The RDF/XML files that participate in the
tests
- Manifest files indicating which tests should be applied to which
test files.
- The non-normative alternative forms of the test files.
This zip file is a non-normative alternative format.
-
A
Manifest
file describing all the tests.
- A
Web site
which includes the files in the zip file.
This also is a non-normative alternative format.
Note: Other files can be found
under the top URL of the Web site which are not part
of the deliverable.
Of the deliverables the only normative tests are
those included
in this document. All other deliverables
are informative. Moreover, the recommendation document is
informative except for the conformance statements, the
test data (specified in RDF/XML
[RDF Syntax]), and the supporting documentation.
The
Web Ontology Working Group
has seen adequate implementation experience of
most of the tests in this document. Some, however, are particularly difficult
to implement efficiently. These are labelled as extra credit tests. Such
tests indicate the semantics of OWL, but may use features that are not
sufficiently widely implemented to provide good interoperability.
A general case of extra credit tests is that all OWL Full
nonentailments
and consistency tests are extra credit tests.
This is because typical OWL Full
implementations prove entailments but cannot prove nonentailments.
Extra credit tests are labelled with "EC" within this document and with
status
EXTRACREDIT in the manifest files.
The name indicates that there is no expectation that any implementation will
successfully run such tests and any that do gain extra credit.
Each test consists of one or more RDF/XML documents and a Manifest
file.
Tests of one document indicate some property of that document
when viewed as an OWL knowledge base.
Tests of two or more documents indicate a relationship between the two documents
when viewed as OWL knowledge bases.
The Manifest
file is named ManifestNNN.rdf (The NNN
is replaced by the test number).
It contains metadata (in RDF) indicating the test type,
and describing the test.
The metadata also indicates
the language levels appropriate for each test and each document in each test.
For each RDF/XML document, one language level is indicated, being OWL Lite, OWL DL or OWL Full,
as given by the syntactic rules in
[OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax].
For semantic tests, one or two language levels are indicated.
If the language level OWL Full is indicated for a semantic test, then
the test holds according to the
RDF-Compatible Model-Theoretic Semantics
in [OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax].
If the language level OWL Lite or OWL DL is indicated for a semantic test, then
the test holds according to the
Direct Model-Theoretic Semantics
in [OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax].
If the language level OWL Lite is indicated for a semantic test, then the test only uses
features within the OWL Lite sublanguage.
Some of the tests require that certain
datatypes are, or are not, supported in the
datatype map
[OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax].
These are indicated with the test.
Other datatypes which are used in the test
are also indicated: the test applies whether or not these are supported in the
datatype map .
The datatypes
xsd:integer, xsd:string
from [XML Schema Datatypes]
are not indicated, even when used or required, since they
must be supported.
These tests use one document.
It is named badNNN.rdf.
This document includes a use of the OWL namespace with a local name
that is not defined by the OWL recommendation. An OWL Syntax checker SHOULD
give a warning.
Note: These tests are intended to help migration
from DAML+OIL [DAML+OIL],
since the local names chosen are defined in the DAML+OIL namespace.
These tests use two documents.
One is named premisesNNN.rdf,
the other is named conclusionsNNN.rdf.
The conclusions are
entailed by the premises.
Such entailment is defined by the OWL semantics [OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax],
(see also
OWL Full entailment).
These tests use two documents.
One is named premisesNNN.rdf,
the other is named nonconclusionsNNN.rdf.
The nonconclusions are not
entailed
by the premises.
Such entailment is defined by the OWL semantics [OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax],
(see also
OWL Full entailment).
Exceptionally, test imports-002 includes a
third document.
These tests use one document.
It is named conclusionsNNN.rdf.
The conclusions follow from the OWL semantics
[OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax].
These tests are a special case of the entailment tests
in which the premises are empty.
These tests use one document.
It is named conclusionsNNN.rdf.
These are a special case of true tests.
The conclusions follow from the
OWL Full semantics
[OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax].
The tests are intended to illustrate how
OWL Full can be used to describe its own properties and
classes.
These tests use one document.
It is named consistentNNN.rdf.
The document is
consistent
as defined
by the OWL Semantics [OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax],
(see also
OWL Full consistency).
These tests use one document.
It is named inconsistentNNN.rdf.
The document is not
consistent
as defined
by the OWL semantics [OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax],
(see also
OWL Full consistency).
These tests use more than two documents.
One is named premisesNNN.rdf,
another is named conclusionsNNN.rdf, the rest have names
like supportNNN-A.rdf.
The support documents are in the
imports closure of the
premises document.
The conclusions are
entailed
by the
imports closure
of the premises.
Such entailment is defined by the OWL semantics [OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax],
(see also
OWL Full entailment).
These tests use two documents.
One is named importsNNN.rdf,
the other is named mainNNN.rdf.
These
tests indicate the
interaction between owl:imports
and the sublanguage levels of the main document.
An OWL Full
document
is any
RDF/XML document [RDF Syntax].
An OWL DL
document is an OWL Full document
such that the
imports closure
[OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax]
of the corresponding
RDF graph
[RDF Concepts]
is an
OWL DL ontology in RDF
graph form.
An OWL Lite
document is an OWL Full document
such that the
imports closure
[OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax]
of the corresponding
RDF graph
[RDF Concepts]
is an
OWL Lite ontology in RDF
graph form.
An OWL Lite or
OWL DL document D
is
OWL DL consistent with respect to
a datatype map
T if
and only if there is some
abstract OWL interpretation
I with respect
to T such that I
satisfies
an abstract ontology O
corresponding to D,
in which O has a
separated vocabulary;
(see
[OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax]).
An
OWL Full document
D is
OWL Full consistent
with respect to a
datatype map
T, if and only if there is some
OWL Full interpretation I with respect to T such that
I satisfies all
the RDF graphs in some
imports closed collection containing an RDF
graph corresponding to D.
This section uses the words MUST, MUST NOT, SHOULD and MAY as in [RFC 2119].
An OWL
syntax checker
takes a document as input, and returns one word being one of Lite,
DL, Full, Other.
The return value MUST conform with the following:
- Lite
- The input document is an OWL Lite document.
- DL
- The input document is an OWL DL document
but not an OWL Lite document.
- Full
- The input document is an OWL Full document
but not an OWL DL document.
- Other
- The input document is not an OWL Full document.
In addition, an OWL Syntax Checker SHOULD report a warning if
the
RDF graph
[RDF Concepts]
corresponding to the document
uses any URI references
starting with the prefix http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
except those found in the
[RDF Schema for OWL].
An OWL
syntax checker SHOULD report network errors occurring
during the computation of the imports closure.
An OWL consistency checker
takes a document as input, and returns one word being Consistent,
Inconsistent, or Unknown.
An OWL
consistency checker SHOULD report network errors occurring
during the computation of the imports closure.
An OWL
consistency checker MUST provide a means to determine
the datatypes
supported by its
datatype map,
[OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax]; for example, by listing them in its
supporting documentation.
An OWL
consistency checker MUST provide a means to determine
the model theory
[OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax], it uses (either the
Direct Model-Theoretic Semantics
or the
RDF-Compatible Model-Theoretic Semantics);
for example, in its
supporting documentation.
An OWL
consistency checker MUST be sound:
it MUST
return Consistent only when the
input document is consistent and Inconsistent only when the input
document is not consistent, with respect to the datatype map of the checker.
If an input
document uses datatypes that are not
supported by the datatype map of
an OWL
consistency checker then it MAY report a warning.
An OWL consistency checker is
complete and terminating,
if, given sufficient (but
finite) resources (CPU cycles and memory)
and the absence of
network errors, it will always return
either Consistent or Inconsistent. It has
been shown that for OWL Lite and DL it is possible to construct a
complete and terminating consistency checker
(the languages are decidable),
and that
for OWL full it is not possible to construct a complete and terminating
consistency
checker (the language is undecidable,
[Practical Reasoning]).
The
datatype map of
an OWL consistency checker MUST minimally support at least
xsd:integer, xsd:string
from [XML Schema Datatypes].
An OWL consistency checker SHOULD NOT return
Unknown.
Unknown, while sometimes needed, is not
a desired response.
Four different conformance classes of
OWL consistency checker are defined.
An OWL Lite consistency checker
is an OWL consistency checker that
takes an OWL Lite document as input, and uses the
Direct Model-Theoretic Semantics.
An OWL DL consistency checker
is an OWL consistency checker that
takes an OWL DL document as input and uses the
Direct Model-Theoretic Semantics.
An OWL Full consistency checker
is an OWL consistency checker that
takes an OWL Full document as input and uses the
RDF-Compatible Model-Theoretic Semantics.
The
datatype map of an
OWL Full consistency checker
MUST also support
rdf:XMLLiteral from [RDF Concepts],
see [RDF Semantics].
A complete OWL Lite consistency checker
is an OWL Lite consistency checker that
is complete and terminating.
Note:
A
complete OWL Lite consistency checker
MAY return Unknown for an OWL Lite document in the case where
a resource limit has been exceeded.
Note:
The usage of the word 'complete' in this section
follows the conventions of the description logic community.
In some other communities the word 'complete'
is used in a weaker sense, refering to the
detection
of inconsistency by logical inference systems.
An OWL syntax checker
when presented with any of the test files
must return the indicated result.
This includes the
extra credit tests.
An OWL consistency checker
can be tested using appropriate consistency
and inconsistency tests.
Appropriate tests are those
of an appropriate level and for which the checker has appropriate datatype support.
The level of the test indicates the semantic theory being used,
which may differ from the level of the file. For example, test Thing-004
contains an OWL DL file which is consistent as an OWL DL consistency test, but
inconsistent as an OWL Full consistency test.
An OWL consistency checker
has
appropriate datatype support
for a test if both:
- Its
datatype map,
[OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax]
supports all the datatypes that are required to be supported by the test.
-
If there are any datatypes that are required to be not supported by the test,
then they must not be supported by the
datatype map of the checker (in some cases it may be sufficient
for only some of them to be not supported).
An OWL Lite consistency checker
with
appropriate datatype support,
when presented with a file from
an OWL Lite consistency test,
must return Consistent
or Unknown.
An OWL DL consistency checker
with
appropriate datatype support,
when presented with a file from
an OWL DL or OWL Lite consistency test,
must return Consistent
or Unknown.
An OWL Full consistency checker
with
appropriate datatype support,
when presented with a file from
an OWL Full consistency test,
must return Consistent
or Unknown.
The corresponding inconsistency tests must return
Inconsistent or Unknown.
A complete OWL Lite consistency checker
should not return Unknown on the OWL Lite
consistency
or inconsistency tests, regardless of the use of
unsupported datatypes.
The above constraints also apply to
extra credit tests.
Consistency checkers that return the correct answer (i.e. not Unknown)
gain the extra credit.
The Manifest file follows the RDF schema developed
for the RDF Test Cases [RDF Tests].
This is augmented by a few new properties and types
which are declared in the OWL Test Ontology, found
at http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/testOntology.
Specifically each test has its own Manifest file, and is identified from
the URI reference formed from the Manifest file's URL with a fragment test.
The test has one rdf:type explicit, and this is one of:
otest:NotOwlFeatureTest- A test for the incorrect use of the OWL namespace name.
otest:PositiveEntailmentTest- An entailment test.
otest:NegativeEntailmentTest- A non-entailment test.
otest:TrueTest- A true test.
otest:OWLforOWLTest- An OWL for OWL test.
otest:ConsistencyTest- A consistency test.
otest:InconsistencyTest- An inconsistency test.
otest:ImportEntailmentTest- An import entailment test.
otest:ImportLevelTest- An import level test.
Where otest is bound to
http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/testOntology#
and rtest is bound to
http://www.w3.org/2000/10/rdf-tests/rdfcore/testSchema#.
The name of the original author of the test is shown using a
dc:creator property, see [Dublin Core].
A description of the test is given (using XHTML markup [XHTML])
as the value of the rtest:description property.
An issue, if any, from the OWL Issues list [OWL Issues], is
the value of a rtest:issue property.
An appropriate language feature, from the OWL namespace, if any, is
the value of the otest:feature property.
The input documents with the test data are found as the value of
the rtest:inputDocument property or
as the value of both the
rtest:premiseDocument and
the
rtest:conclusionDocument.
The support files for import entailment tests, import level tests
and test imports-002 are found
as the values of otest:importedPremiseDocument.
The conformance levels associated with both files and tests
are given with the otest:level property.
The value for each document is one of
otest:Full, otest:DL,
otest:Lite or otest:Other.
Each test is explicitly associated with one or two levels.
If it is associated with otest:Lite then it
is implicitly suitable for otest:DL.
The datatypes used in the test are given with the
otest:usedDatatype property or with one of its subproperties:
otest:supportedDatatype or otest:notSupportedDatatype.
These
indicate that
the test is only valid when the datatype is supported or not supported respectively
by the
datatype map being used.
The rtest:status of the test
reflects the process of
appendix A.
It
is given as one of the following levels:
- APPROVED
-
This indicates that the test has been approved by the Web Ontology Working Group,
and that implementors are expected to implement such functionality.
- EXTRACREDIT
-
This indicates that the test has been approved by the Web Ontology Working Group,
but that implementors are
not expected to implement such functionality.
- PROPOSED
- This indicates that the test is awaiting approval.
- OBSOLETED
- The test, which was proposed or approved,
has ceased to be appropriate.
- REJECTED
- The Web Ontology Working Group rejected the test (not used).
| Full
| Positive Entailment Test: | 006 |
|---|
Description:
(informative)
<Class/Manifest006#test>
|
This test shows a correct application of OWL Full comprehension rules.
It also shows that use of rdfs:Class instead of owl:Class
may make a file fall outside OWL DL. |
| Lite | Premises:
<Class/premises006>
|
| Full | Conclusions:
<Class/conclusions006>
|