W3C

XML Schema 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes

W3C Working Draft 24 February 2005

This version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-xmlschema11-2-20050224/
Latest version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/
Previous version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-xmlschema11-2-20040716/
Editors:
David Peterson, invited expert (SGMLWorks!) <davep@iit.edu>
Paul V. Biron, Kaiser Permanente, for Health Level Seven <Paul.V.Biron@kp.org>
Ashok Malhotra, Oracle Corporation <ashokmalhotra@alum.mit.edu>
C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, World Wide Web Consortium <cmsmcq@w3.org>

This document is also available in these non-normative formats: XML, XHTML with changes since version 1.0 marked, XHTML with changes since previous Working Draft marked, Independent copy of the schema for schema documents, A schema for built-in datatypes only, in a separate namespace, Independent copy of the DTD for schema documents, and List of translations.


Abstract

XML Schema: Datatypes is part 2 of the specification of the XML Schema language. It defines facilities for defining datatypes to be used in XML Schemas as well as other XML specifications. The datatype language, which is itself represented in XML, provides a superset of the capabilities found in XML document type definitions (DTDs) for specifying datatypes on elements and attributes.

Issue (RQ-152i):RQ-152 (xml1.1)

How should this specification be aligned with XML 1.1? The changes in character set and name characters, and the question of what determines which ones to use, must be addressed.

Status of this Document

This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.

This is a Public Working Draft of XML Schema 1.1. It is here made available for review by W3C members and the public. It is intended to give an indication of the W3C XML Schema Working Group's intentions for this new version of the XML Schema language and our progress in achieving them. It attempts to be complete in indicating what will change from version 1.0, but does not specify in all cases how things will change.

For those primarily interested in the changes since version 1.0, the Changes since version 1.0 (§I) appendix, which summarizes both changes already made and also those in prospect, with links to the relevant sections of this draft, is the recommended starting point. Accompanying versions of this document display in color all changes to normative text since version 1.0 and since the previous Working Draft.

This draft was published on 24 February 2005. The major changes are:

Please send comments on this Working Draft to www-xml-schema-comments@w3.org (archive).

Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.

This document has been produced by the W3C XML Schema Working Group as part of the W3C XML Activity. The goals of the XML Schema language version 1.1 are discussed in the Requirements for XML Schema 1.1 document. The authors of this document are the members of the XML Schema Working Group. Different parts of this specification have different editors.

Patent disclosures relevant to this specification may be found on the Working Group's Patent disclosure page in conformance with the W3C Patent Policy of 5 February 2004. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) with respect to this specification should disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy.

The English version of this specification is the only normative version. Information about translations of this document is available at http://www.w3.org/2003/03/Translations/byTechnology?technology=xmlschema.

Text in this document which does not now have Working Group consensus is marked: ||this way||.


Table of Contents

1 Introduction
    1.1 Introduction to Version 1.1
    1.2 Purpose
    1.3 Requirements
    1.4 Scope
    1.5 Terminology
    1.6 Constraints and Contributions
2 Datatype System
    2.1 Datatype
    2.2 Value space
    2.3 The Lexical Space and Lexical Mapping
    2.4 Datatype dichotomies
3 Built-in datatypes
    3.1 Namespace considerations
    3.2 Primitive datatypes
    3.3 Derived datatypes
4 Datatype components
    4.1 Simple Type Definition
    4.2 Fundamental Facets
    4.3 Constraining Facets
    4.4 Auxiliary Components
5 Conformance

Appendices

A Schema for Datatype Definitions (normative)
B DTD for Datatype Definitions (non-normative)
C Temporary Stuff (to be added elsewhere)
D Built-up Value Spaces
    D.1 Numerical Values
    D.2 Date/time Values
E Function Definitions
    E.1 Generic Number-related Functions
    E.2 Date/time-related Definitions
F Datatypes and Facets
    F.1 Fundamental Facets
G Adding durations to dateTimes
    G.1 Algorithm
    G.2 Commutativity and Associativity
H Regular Expressions
    H.1 Character Classes
I Changes since version 1.0
    I.1 Changes Already Made
    I.2 Specific Outstanding Issues
J Glossary (non-normative)
K References
    K.1 Normative
    K.2 Non-normative
L Acknowledgements (non-normative)


1 Introduction

Issue (RQ-21i):RQ-21 (regex/BNF for all primitive types)

Current plan is that all datatypes defined herein will have EBNF productions at least approximately defining their lexical space, and will include a nonnormative regex derived from the EBNF if a user wishes to copy it directly.

Issue (RQ-24-2i):RQ-24 (systematic facets: canonical representations for all datatypes)

It is not possible for all datatypes to have canonical representations of all values without violating the rules of derivation or adding special-purpose constraining facets which the WG does not deem appropriate.  The WG has not yet decided how to deal with datatypes whose lexical and/or canonical mappings are context sensitive.

Issue (RQ-148i):RQ-148 (clarify use of "truncation)

The word will probably be removed.

Issue (RQ-120i):RQ-120 (consistent use of "derived)

"Derivations" other than "derivations by restriction" will be renamed "constructions".

next sub-section1.1 Introduction to Version 1.1

The Working Group has two main goals for this version of W3C XML Schema:

These goals are slightly in tension with one another -- the following summarizes the Working Group's strategic guidelines for changes between versions 1.0 and 1.1:

  1. Add support for versioning (acknowledging that this may be slightly disruptive to the XML transfer syntax at the margins)
  2. Allow bug fixes (unless in specific cases we decide that the fix is too disruptive for a point release)
  3. Allow editorial changes
  4. Allow design cleanup to change behavior in edge cases
  5. Allow relatively non-disruptive changes to type hierarchy (to better support current and forthcoming international standards and W3C recommendations)
  6. Allow design cleanup to change component structure (changes to functionality restricted to edge cases)
  7. Do not allow any significant changes in functionality
  8. Do not allow any changes to XML transfer syntax except those required by version control hooks and bug fixes

The overall aim as regards compatibility is that

previous sub-section next sub-section1.2 Purpose

The [XML] specification defines limited facilities for applying datatypes to document content in that documents may contain or refer to DTDs that assign types to elements and attributes. However, document authors, including authors of traditional documents and those transporting data in XML, often require a higher degree of type checking to ensure robustness in document understanding and data interchange.

The table below offers two typical examples of XML instances in which datatypes are implicit: the instance on the left represents a billing invoice, the instance on the right a memo or perhaps an email message in XML.

Data orientedDocument oriented
<invoice>
  <orderDate>1999-01-21</orderDate>
  <shipDate>1999-01-25</shipDate>
  <billingAddress>
   <name>Ashok Malhotra</name>
   <street>123 Microsoft Ave.</street>
   <city>Hawthorne</city>
   <state>NY</state>
   <zip>10532-0000</zip>
  </billingAddress>
  <voice>555-1234</voice>
  <fax>555-4321</fax>
</invoice>
<memo importance='high'
      date='1999-03-23'>
  <from>Paul V. Biron</from>
  <to>Ashok Malhotra</to>
  <subject>Latest draft</subject>
  <body>
    We need to discuss the latest
    draft <emph>immediately</emph>.
    Either email me at <email>
    mailto:paul.v.biron@kp.org</email>
    or call <phone>555-9876</phone>
  </body>
</memo>

The invoice contains several dates and telephone numbers, the postal abbreviation for a state (which comes from an enumerated list of sanctioned values), and a ZIP code (which takes a definable regular form).  The memo contains many of the same types of information: a date, telephone number, email address and an "importance" value (from an enumerated list, such as "low", "medium" or "high").  Applications which process invoices and memos need to raise exceptions if something that was supposed to be a date or telephone number does not conform to the rules for valid dates or telephone numbers.

In both cases, validity constraints exist on the content of the instances that are not expressible in XML DTDs.  The limited datatyping facilities in XML have prevented validating XML processors from supplying the rigorous type checking required in these situations.  The result has been that individual applications writers have had to implement type checking in an ad hoc manner.  This specification addresses the need of both document authors and applications writers for a robust, extensible datatype system for XML which could be incorporated into XML processors.  As discussed below, these datatypes could be used in other XML-related standards as well.

previous sub-section next sub-section1.3 Requirements

The [XML Schema Requirements] document spells out concrete requirements to be fulfilled by this specification, which state that the XML Schema Language must:

  1. provide for primitive data typing, including byte, date, integer, sequence, SQL and Java primitive datatypes, etc.;
  2. define a type system that is adequate for import/export from database systems (e.g., relational, object, OLAP);
  3. distinguish requirements relating to lexical data representation vs. those governing an underlying information set;
  4. allow creation of user-defined datatypes, such as datatypes that are derived from existing datatypes and which may constrain certain of its properties (e.g., range, precision, length, format).

previous sub-section next sub-section1.4 Scope

This portion of the XML Schema Language discusses datatypes that can be used in an XML Schema.  These datatypes can be specified for element content that would be specified as #PCDATA and attribute values of various types in a DTD.  It is the intention of this specification that it be usable outside of the context of XML Schemas for a wide range of other XML-related activities such as [XSL] and [RDF Schema].

previous sub-section next sub-section1.5 Terminology

The terminology used to describe XML Schema Datatypes is defined in the body of this specification. The terms defined in the following list are used in building those definitions and in describing the actions of a datatype processor:

[Definition:]   for compatibility
A feature of this specification included solely to ensure that schemas which use this feature remain compatible with [XML]
Conforming documents and processors are permitted to but need not behave as described.
(Of strings or names:) Two strings or names being compared must be identical. Characters with multiple possible representations in ISO/IEC 10646 (e.g. characters with both precomposed and base+diacritic forms) match only if they have the same representation in both strings. No case folding is performed. (Of strings and rules in the grammar:) A string matches a grammatical production if and only if it belongs to the language generated by that production.
Conforming documents and processors are required to behave as described; otherwise they are in ·error·.
A violation of the rules of this specification; results are undefined. Conforming software ·may· detect and report an error and ·may· recover from it.

previous sub-section 1.6 Constraints and Contributions

This specification provides three different kinds of normative statements about schema components, their representations in XML and their contribution to the schema-validation of information items:

[Definition:]   Constraint on Schemas
Constraints on the schema components themselves, i.e. conditions components ·must· satisfy to be components at all. Largely to be found in Datatype components (§4).
[Definition:]   Schema Representation Constraint
Constraints on the representation of schema components in XML.  Some but not all of these are expressed in Schema for Datatype Definitions (normative) (§A) and DTD for Datatype Definitions (non-normative) (§B).
[Definition:]   Validation Rule
Constraints expressed by schema components which information items ·must· satisfy to be schema-valid.  Largely to be found in Datatype components (§4).

2 Datatype System

This section describes the conceptual framework behind the datatype system defined in this specification.  The framework has been influenced by the [ISO 11404] standard on language-independent datatypes as well as the datatypes for [SQL] and for programming languages such as Java.

The datatypes discussed in this specification are for the most part well known abstract concepts such as integer and date. It is not the place of this specification to thoroughly define these abstract concepts; many other publications provide excellent definitions. However, this specification will attempt to describe the abstract concepts well enough that they can be readily recognized and distinguished from other abstractions with which they may be confused.

Note: Only those operations and relations needed for schema processing are defined in this specification. Applications using these datatypes are generally expected to implement appropriate additional functions and/or relations to make the datatype generally useful.  For example, the description herein of the float datatype does not define addition or multiplication, much less all of the operations defined for that datatype in [IEEE 754-1985] on which it is based.

next sub-section2.1 Datatype

[Definition:]  In this specification, a datatype has three properties:

Note: This specification only defines the operations and relations needed for schema processing.  The choice of terminology for describing/naming the datatypes is selected to guide users and implementers in how to expand the datatype to be generally useful—i.e., how to recognize the "real world" datatypes and their variants for which the datatypes defined herein are meant to be used for data interchange.

Along with the ·lexical mapping· it is often useful to have an inverse which provides a standard ·lexical representation· for each value.  Such a ·canonical mapping· is not required for schema processing, but is described herein for the benefit of users of this specification, and other specifications which might find it useful to reference these descriptions normatively.

previous sub-section next sub-section2.2 Value space

        2.2.1 Identity
        2.2.2 Equality
        2.2.3 Order

[Definition:]  The value space of a datatype is the set of values for that datatype.  Associated with each value space are selected operations and relations necessary to permit proper schema processing.  Each value in the value space of a datatype is denoted by one or more character strings in its ·lexical space·, according to ·the lexical mapping·.  (If the mapping is restricted during a derivation in such a way that a value has no denotation, that value is dropped from the value space.)

The value spaces of datatypes are abstractions, and are defined in Built-in datatypes (§3) to the extent needed to clarify them for readers.  For example, in defining the numerical datatypes, we assume some general numerical concepts such as number and integer are known.  In many cases we provide references to other documents providing more complete definitions.

Note: The value spaces and the values therein are abstractions.  This specification does not prescribe any particular internal representations that must be used when implementing these datatypes.  In some cases, there are references to other specifications which do prescribe specific internal representations; these specific internal representations must be used to comply with those other specifications, but need not be used to comply with this specification.

In addition, other applications are expected to define additional appropriate operations and/or relations on these value spaces (e.g., addition and multiplication on the various numerical datatypes' value spaces), and are permitted where appropriate to even redefine the operations and relations defined within this specification, provided that for schema processing the relations and operations used are those defined herein.

The ·value space· of a datatype can be defined in one of the following ways:

  • defined elsewhere axiomatically from fundamental notions (intensional definition) [see ·primitive·]
  • enumerated outright from values of an already defined datatype (extensional definition) [see ·enumeration·]
  • defined by restricting the ·value space· of an already defined datatype to a particular subset with a given set of properties [see ·derived·]
  • defined as a combination of values from one or more already defined ·value space·(s) by a specific construction procedure [see ·list· and ·union·]

The relations of identity, equality, and order are required for each value space.  A very few datatypes have other relations or operations prescribed for the purposes of this specification.

2.2.1 Identity

The identity relation is always defined. Every value space inherently has an identity relation. Two things are identical if and only if they are actually the same thing: i.e., if there is no way whatever to tell them apart.  The identity relation is used when making restrictions by enumeration, and when checking identity constraints.  These are the only uses of identity for schema processing.

In the identity relation defined herein, values from different ·primitive· datatypes' ·value spaces· are made artificially distinct if they might otherwise be considered identical.  For example, there is a number two in the decimal datatype and a number two in the float datatype.  In the identity relation defined herein, these two values are considered distinct.  Other applications making use of these datatypes may choose to consider values such as these identical, but for the view of ·primitive· datatypes' ·value spaces· used herein, they are distinct.

WARNING:  Care must be taken when identifying values across distinct primitive datatypes.  It turns out that, for example, 0.1 and 0.10000000009 are effectively identical in float but not in decimal.  (Neither 0.1 nor 0.10000000009 are in the float value space, but ·the lexical mapping· of float maps both '0.1' and '0.10000000009' to the same number (0.100000001490116119384765625) that is in the float value space.)

2.2.2 Equality

Each ·primitive· datatype has prescribed an equality relation for its value space.  The equality relation for most datatypes is the identity relation.  In the few cases where it is not, it has been carefully defined so as to be a congruence relation for most other operations of interest to the datatype.  (This means simply that if two values are equal and one is substituted for the other as an argument to any of the operations, the results will always also be equal.  For example, identity is by definition a congruence relation for all other operations of interest.)  Equality is always a congruence for the order relation.

On the other hand, equality need not cover the entire value space of the datatype (though it usually does).

The equality relation is used in conjunction with order when making restrictions involving order.  This is the only use of equality for schema processing.

Note: In the prior version of this specification (1.0), equality was always identity.  This has been changed to permit the datatypes defined herein to more closely match the "real world" datatypes for which they are intended to be used as transmission formats.

For example, the float datatype has an equality which is not the identity ( –0 = +0 , but they are not identical—although they were identical in the 1.0 version of this specification), and whose domain excludes one value, NaN, so that  NaN ≠ NaN .

For another example, the dateTime datatype previously lost any timezone information in the ·lexical representation· as the value was converted to ·UTC·; now the timezone is retained and two values representing the same "moment in time" but with different remembered timezones are now equal but not identical.

In the equality relation defined herein, values from different primitive data spaces are made artificially unequal even if they might otherwise be considered equal.  For example, there is a number two in the decimal datatype and a number two in the float datatype.  In the equality relation defined herein, these two values are considered unequal.  Other applications making use of these datatypes may choose to consider values such as these equal (and must do so if they choose to consider them identical); nonetheless, in the equality relation defined herein, they are unequal.

For the purposes of this specification, there is one equality relation for all values of all datatypes (the union of the various datatype's individual equalities, if one consider relations to be sets of ordered pairs).  The equality relation is denoted by '=' and its negation by '≠', each used as a binary infix predicate:  x = y  and  x ≠ y .  On the other hand, identity relationships are always described in words.

2.2.3 Order

Each datatype has an order relation prescribed. This order may be a partial order, which means that there may be values in the ·value space· which are neither equal, less-than, nor greater-than.  Such value pairs are incomparable.  In many cases, the prescribed order is the "null order":  the ultimate partial order, in which no pairs are less-than or greater-than; they are all equal or ·incomparable·. [Definition:]  Two values that are neither equal, less-than, nor greater-than are incomparable. Two values that are not ·incomparable· are comparable. The order relation is used in conjunction with equality when making restrictions involving order.  This is the only use of order for schema processing.

In this specification, this less-than order relation is denoted by '<' (and its inverse by '>'), the weak order by '≤' (and its inverse by '≥'), and the resulting ·incomparable· relation by '<>', each used as a binary infix predicate:  x < y ,  x ≤ y ,  x > y ,  x ≥ y , and  x <> y .

Note: The weak order "less-than-or-equal" means "less-than" or "equal" and one can tell which.  For example, the duration P1M (one month) is not less-than-or-equal P31D (thirty-one days) because P1M is not less than P31D, nor is P1M equal to P31D.  Instead, P1M is ·incomparable· with P31D.)  The formal definition of order for duration (duration (§3.2.7)) insures that this is true.

The value spaces of primitive datatypes are abstractions, which may have values in common.  In the order relation defined herein, these value spaces are made artificially ·incomparable·.  For example, the numbers two and three are values in both the pDecimal datatype and the float datatype.  In the order relation defined herein, two in the decimal datatype and three in the float datatype are incomparable values.  Other applications making use of these datatypes may choose to consider values such as these comparable.

While it is not an error to attempt to compare values from the value spaces of two different primitive datatypes, they will alway be ·incomparable· and therefore unequal:  If x and y are in the value spaces of different primitive datatypes then  x <> y  (and hence  x ≠ y ).

previous sub-section next sub-section2.3 The Lexical Space and Lexical Mapping

[Definition:]  The lexical mapping for a datatype is a prescribed function whose domain is a prescribed set of character strings (the ·lexical space·) and whose range is the ·value space· of that datatype.

[Definition:]  The lexical space of a datatype is the prescribed domain of ·the lexical mapping· for that datatype.

[Definition:]  The members of the ·lexical space· are lexical representations of the values to which they are mapped.

Should a derivation be made using a derivation mechanism that removes ·lexical representations· from the·lexical space· to the extent that one or more values cease to have any ·lexical representation·, then those values are dropped from the ·value space·.

Note: This could happen by means of a pattern facet.

Conversely, should a derivation remove values then their ·lexical representations· are dropped from the ·lexical space· unless there is a facet value whose impact is defined to cause the otherwise-dropped ·lexical representation· to be mapped to another value instead.

Note: There are currently no facets with such an impact.  There may be in the future.

For example, '100' and '1.0E2' are two different ·lexical representations· from the float datatype which both denote the same value.  The datatype system defined in this specification provides mechanisms for schema designers to control the ·value space· and the corresponding set of acceptable ·lexical representations· of those values for a datatype.

2.3.1 Canonical Mapping

Issue (RQ-129i):RQ-129 (remove dependency on canonical representations)

The dependencies are in Part 1; they will be resolved there.  Text in this Part will reflect that canonical representation are provided for the benefit of other users, including other specifications that might want to reference these datatypes.

Issue (RQ-126i):RQ-126 (restricting away canonical representations)

Given the "pattern" constraining facet, restricting away canonical representations cannot be prohibited without undue processing expense.  A warning will be inserted, and RQ-129 will insure that loss of canonical representations will not affect schema processing.

While the datatypes defined in this specification generally have a single ·lexical representation· for each value (i.e., each value in the datatype's ·value space· is denoted by a single ·representation· in its ·lexical space·), this is not always the case.  The example in the previous section shows two ·lexical representations· from the float datatype which denote the same value.

[Definition:]  The canonical mapping is a prescribed subset of the inverse of a ·lexical mapping· which is one-to-one and whose domain (where possible) is the entire range of the ·lexical mapping· (the ·value space·).  Thus a ·canonical mapping· selects one ·lexical representation· for each value in the ·value space·.

[Definition:]  The canonical representation of a value in the ·value space· of a datatype is the ·lexical representation· associated with that value by the datatype's ·canonical mapping·.

·Canonical mappings· are not available for datatypes whose ·lexical mappings· are context dependent (i.e., mappings for which the value of a ·lexical representation· depends on the context in which it occurs, or for which a character string may or may not be a valid ·lexical representation· similarly depending on its context)

Note: ·Canonical representations· are provided where feasible for the use of other appilications; they are not required for schema processing itself.  A conforming schema processor implementation is not required to implement ·canonical mappings·.

previous sub-section 2.4 Datatype dichotomies

It is useful to categorize the datatypes defined in this specification along various dimensions, forming a set of characterization dichotomies.

2.4.1 Atomic vs. list vs. union datatypes

The first distinction to be made is that between ·atomic·, ·list· and ·union· datatypes.

For example, a single token which ·matches· Nmtoken from [XML] could be the value of an ·atomic· datatype (NMTOKEN); while a sequence of such tokens could be the value of a ·list· datatype (NMTOKENS).

2.4.1.1 Atomic datatypes

An ·atomic· datatype has a ·value space· consisting of a set of "atomic" values which for purposes of this specification are not further decomposable.  The ·lexical space· of an ·atomic· datatype is a set of literals whose internal structure is specific to the datatype in question. There is one "special" atomic type (anyAtomicType) and a number of ·primitive· atomic types, which have anyAtomicType as their base type. All other atomic types are derived by restriction either from one of the primitive atomic types or from another ordinary atomic type. No user-defined type may have anyAtomicType as its base type.

2.4.1.2 List datatypes

Several type systems (such as the one described in [ISO 11404]) treat ·list· datatypes as special cases of the more general notions of aggregate or collection datatypes.

·list· datatypes are always ·derived·. The ·value space· of a ·list· datatype is a set of finite-length sequences of ·atomic· values. The ·lexical space· of a ·list· datatype is a set of literals whose internal structure is a space-separated sequence of literals of the ·atomic· datatype of the items in the ·list·.

[Definition:]   The ·atomic· or ·union· datatype that participates in the definition of a ·list· datatype is known as the itemType of that ·list· datatype.

Example
<simpleType name='sizes'>
  <list itemType='decimal'/>
</simpleType>
<cerealSizes xsi:type='sizes'> 8 10.5 12 </cerealSizes>

A ·list· datatype can be ·derived· from an ordinary ·atomic· datatype whose ·lexical space· allows space (such as string or anyURI) or a ·union· datatype any of whose {member type definitions}'s ·lexical space· allows space. In such a case, regardless of the input, list items will be separated at space boundaries.

Example
<simpleType name='listOfString'>
  <list itemType='string'/>
</simpleType>
<someElement xsi:type='listOfString'>
this is not list item 1
this is not list item 2
this is not list item 3
</someElement>
In the above example, the value of the someElement element is not a ·list· of ·length· 3; rather, it is a ·list· of ·length· 18.

When a datatype is ·derived· from a ·list· datatype, the following ·constraining facet·s apply:

For each of ·length·, ·maxLength· and ·minLength·, the unit of length is measured in number of list items.  The value of ·whiteSpace· is fixed to the value collapse.

For ·list· datatypes the ·lexical space· is composed of space-separated literals of its ·itemType·.  Hence, any ·pattern· specified when a new datatype is ·derived· from a ·list· datatype is matched against each literal of the ·list· datatype and not against the literals of the datatype that serves as its ·itemType·.

Example
<xs:simpleType name='myList'>
	<xs:list itemType='xs:integer'/>
</xs:simpleType>
<xs:simpleType name='myRestrictedList'>
	<xs:restriction base='myList'>
		<xs:pattern value='123 (\d+\s)*456'/>
	</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
<someElement xsi:type='myRestrictedList'>123 456</someElement>
<someElement xsi:type='myRestrictedList'>123 987 456</someElement>
<someElement xsi:type='myRestrictedList'>123 987 567 456</someElement>

The canonical-lexical-representation for the ·list· datatype is defined as the lexical form in which each item in the ·list· has the canonical lexical representation of its ·itemType·.

2.4.1.3 Union datatypes

The ·value space· and ·lexical space· of a ·union· datatype are the union of the ·value space·s and ·lexical space·s of its ·memberTypes·. ·union· datatypes are always ·derived·. Currently, there are no ·built-in· ·union· datatypes.

Example
A prototypical example of a ·union· type is the maxOccurs attribute on the element element in XML Schema itself: it is a union of nonNegativeInteger and an enumeration with the single member, the string "unbounded", as shown below.
  <attributeGroup name="occurs">
    <attribute name="minOccurs" type="nonNegativeInteger"
    	use="optional" default="1"/>
    <attribute name="maxOccurs"use="optional" default="1">
      <simpleType>
        <union>
          <simpleType>
            <restriction base='nonNegativeInteger'/>
          </simpleType>
          <simpleType>
            <restriction base='string'>
              <enumeration value='unbounded'/>
            </restriction>
          </simpleType>
        </union>
      </simpleType>
    </attribute>
  </attributeGroup>

Any number (greater than 1) of ordinary ·atomic· or ·list· ·datatype·s can participate in a ·union· type.

[Definition:]   The datatypes that participate in the definition of a ·union· datatype are known as the memberTypes of that ·union· datatype.

The order in which the ·memberTypes· are specified in the definition (that is, the order of the <simpleType> children of the <union> element, or the order of the QNames in the memberTypes attribute) is significant. During validation, an element or attribute's value is validated against the ·memberTypes· in the order in which they appear in the definition until a match is found.  The evaluation order can be overridden with the use of xsi:type.

Example
For example, given the definition below, the first instance of the <size> element validates correctly as an integer (§3.3.13), the second and third as string (§3.2.1).
  <xsd:element name='size'>
    <xsd:simpleType>
      <xsd:union>
        <xsd:simpleType>
          <xsd:restriction base='integer'/>
        </xsd:simpleType>
        <xsd:simpleType>
          <xsd:restriction base='string'/>
        </xsd:simpleType>
      </xsd:union>
    </xsd:simpleType>
  </xsd:element>
  <size>1</size>
  <size>large</size>
  <size xsi:type='xsd:string'>1</size>

The canonical-lexical-representation for a ·union· datatype is defined as the lexical form in which the values have the canonical lexical representation of the appropriate ·memberTypes·.

Note:  A datatype which is ·atomic· in this specification need not be an "atomic" datatype in any programming language used to implement this specification.  Likewise, a datatype which is a ·list· in this specification need not be a "list" datatype in any programming language used to implement this specification. Furthermore, a datatype which is a ·union· in this specification need not be a "union" datatype in any programming language used to implement this specification.

2.4.2 Primitive vs. Constructed Datatypes

Next, we distinguish between ·primitive·, ·constructed·, and ·derived· datatypes.

  • [Definition:]  Primitive datatypes are those that are not defined in terms of other datatypes; they exist ab initio.
  • [Definition:]  Constructed datatypes are those that are defined in terms of other datatypes.

For example, in this specification, float is a well-defined mathematical concept that cannot be defined in terms of other datatypes, while a integer is a special case of the more general datatype decimal.

[Definition:]   The definition of anySimpleType is a special restriction of anyType. anySimpleType is considered to have an unconstrained lexical space and a ·value space· consisting of the union of the ·value space·s of all the ·primitive· datatypes and the set of all lists of all members of the ·value space·s of all the ·primitive· datatypes.

The datatypes defined by this specification fall into both the ·primitive· and ·derived· categories.  It is felt that a judiciously chosen set of ·primitive· datatypes will serve the widest possible audience by providing a set of convenient datatypes that can be used as is, as well as providing a rich enough base from which the variety of datatypes needed by schema designers can be ·derived·.

In the example above, integer is ·derived· from decimal.

Note:  A datatype which is ·primitive· in this specification need not be a "primitive" datatype in any programming language used to implement this specification.  Likewise, a datatype which is ·derived· in this specification need not be a "derived" datatype in any programming language used to implement this specification.

As described in more detail in XML Representation of Simple Type Definition Schema Components (§4.1.2), each ·user-derived· datatype ·must· be defined in terms of another datatype in one of three ways: 1) by assigning ·constraining facet·s which serve to restrict the ·value space· of the ·user-derived· datatype to a subset of that of the ·base type·; 2) by creating a ·list· datatype whose ·value space· consists of finite-length sequences of values of its ·itemType·; or 3) by creating a ·union· datatype whose ·value space· consists of the union of the ·value space·s of its ·memberTypes·.

2.4.2.1 Derived by restriction

[Definition:]  A datatype is said to be ·derived· by restriction from another datatype when values for zero or more ·constraining facet·s are specified that serve to constrain its ·value space· and/or its ·lexical space· to a subset of those of its ·base type·.

[Definition:]  Every datatype that is ·derived· by ·restriction· is defined in terms of an existing datatype, referred to as its base type. base types can be either ·primitive· or ·derived·.

2.4.2.2 Derived by list

A ·list· datatype can be ·derived· from another datatype (its ·itemType·) by creating a ·value space· that consists of a finite-length sequence of values of its ·itemType·.

2.4.2.3 Derived by union

One datatype can be ·derived· from one or more datatypes by ·union·ing their ·value space·s and, consequently, their ·lexical space·s.

2.4.3 Built-in vs. user-derived datatypes

Conceptually there is no difference between the ·built-in· ·derived· datatypes included in this specification and the ·user-derived· datatypes which will be created by individual schema designers. The ·built-in· ·derived· datatypes are those which are believed to be so common that if they were not defined in this specification many schema designers would end up "reinventing" them.  Furthermore, including these ·derived· datatypes in this specification serves to demonstrate the mechanics and utility of the datatype generation facilities of this specification.

Note:  A datatype which is ·built-in· in this specification need not be a "built-in" datatype in any programming language used to implement this specification.  Likewise, a datatype which is ·user-derived· in this specification need not be a "user-derived" datatype in any programming language used to implement this specification.

3 Built-in datatypes

Built-in Datatype Hierarchy diagramanyType anyType anySimpleType anySimpleType string string pDecimal pDecimal hexBinary hexBinary anyAtomicType anyAtomicType ENTITY ENTITY ENTITIES ENTITIES ID ID IDREFS IDREFS IDREF IDREF Name Name NCName NCName NMTOKEN NMTOKEN NMTOKENS NMTOKENS language language token token normalizedString normalizedString float float double double unsignedByte unsignedByte unsignedShort unsignedShort unsignedInt unsignedInt unsignedLong unsignedLong positiveInteger positiveInteger byte byte short short int int negativeInteger negativeInteger nonPositiveInteger nonPositiveInteger long long nonNegativeInteger nonNegativeInteger integer integer decimal decimal gMonth gMonth gDay gDay gMonthDay gMonthDay gYear gYear gYearMonth gYearMonth date date time time dateTime dateTime duration duration NOTATION NOTATION QName QName anyURI anyURI base64Binary base64Binary boolean boolean

Each built-in datatype in this specification (both ·primitive· and ·derived·) can be uniquely addressed via a URI Reference constructed as follows:

  1. the base URI is the URI of the XML Schema namespace
  2. the fragment identifier is the name of the datatype

For example, to address the int datatype, the URI is:

Additionally, each facet definition element can be uniquely addressed via a URI constructed as follows:

  1. the base URI is the URI of the XML Schema namespace
  2. the fragment identifier is the name of the facet

For example, to address the maxInclusive facet, the URI is:

Additionally, each facet usage in a built-in datatype definition can be uniquely addressed via a URI constructed as follows:

  1. the base URI is the URI of the XML Schema namespace
  2. the fragment identifier is the name of the datatype, followed by a period (".") followed by the name of the facet

For example, to address the usage of the maxInclusive facet in the definition of int, the URI is:

next sub-section3.1 Namespace considerations

The ·built-in· datatypes defined by this specification are designed to be used with the XML Schema definition language as well as other XML specifications. To facilitate usage within the XML Schema definition language, the ·built-in· datatypes in this specification have the namespace name:

  • http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema

To facilitate usage in specifications other than the XML Schema definition language, such as those that do not want to know anything about aspects of the XML Schema definition language other than the datatypes, each ·built-in· datatype is also defined in the namespace whose URI is:

  • http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-datatypes

This applies to both ·built-in· ·primitive· and ·built-in· ·derived· datatypes.

Each ·user-derived· datatype is also associated with a unique namespace.  However, ·user-derived· datatypes do not come from the namespace defined by this specification; rather, they come from the namespace of the schema in which they are defined (see XML Representation of Schemas in [XML Schema Part 1: Structures]).

previous sub-section next sub-section3.2 Primitive datatypes

        3.2.1 string
        3.2.2 boolean
        3.2.3 decimal
        3.2.4 pDecimal
        3.2.5 float
        3.2.6 double
        3.2.7 duration
        3.2.8 dateTime
        3.2.9 time
        3.2.10 date
        3.2.11 gYearMonth
        3.2.12 gYear
        3.2.13 gMonthDay
        3.2.14 gDay
        3.2.15 gMonth
        3.2.16 hexBinary
        3.2.17 base64Binary
        3.2.18 anyURI
        3.2.19 QName
        3.2.20 NOTATION

The ·primitive· datatypes defined by this specification are described below.  For each datatype, the ·value space· and ·lexical space· are defined, ·constraining facet·s which apply to the datatype are listed and any datatypes ·derived· from this datatype are specified.

·primitive· datatypes can only be added by revisions to this specification.

3.2.1 string

[Definition:]  The string datatype represents character strings in XML.  The ·value space· of string is the set of finite-length sequences of characters (as defined in [XML]) that ·match· the Char production from [XML]. A character is an atomic unit of communication; it is not further specified except to note that every character has a corresponding Universal Character Set code point, which is an integer.

Note:  Many human languages have writing systems that require child elements for control of aspects such as bidirectional formating or ruby annotation (see [Ruby] and Section 8.2.4 Overriding the bidirectional algorithm: the BDO element of [HTML 4.01]). Thus, string, as a simple type that can contain only characters but not child elements, is often not suitable for representing text. In such situations, a complex type that allows mixed content should be considered. For more information, see Section 5.5 Any Element, Any Attribute of [XML Schema Language: Part 0 Primer].
Note:  As noted in ordered, the fact that this specification does not specify an order relation for ·string· does not preclude other applications from treating strings as being ordered.

3.2.3 decimal

Issue (RQ-150i):RQ-150 (minimum number of digits for decimal)

The minimum number of digits implementations are required to support will be lowered to 16 digits; a health warning will be added to note that implementations of derived datatypes may support more digits of precision than the base decimal type does, but that they are not required to do so.

[Definition:]  decimal represents a subset of the real numbers, which can be represented by decimal numerals. The ·value space· of decimal is the set of numbers that can be obtained by dividing an integer by a non-negative power of ten, i.e., expressible as i / 10n where i and n are integers and n ≥ 0. Precision is not reflected in this value space; the number 2.0 is not distinct from the number 2.00. (The datatype pDecimal may be used for values in which precision is significant.) The order relation on decimal is the order relation on real numbers, restricted to this subset.

Note: All ·minimally conforming· processors ·must· support decimal numbers with a minimum of 16 decimal digits (i.e., of 18they must support all values which would be allowed by a simple type definition which set totalDigits to 16).  However, ·minimally conforming· processors ·may· set an application-defined limit on the maximum number of decimal digits they are prepared to support, in which case that application-defined maximum number ·must· be clearly documented.
3.2.3.1 Lexical representation

decimal has a lexical representation consisting of a finite-length sequence of decimal digits (#x30-#x39) separated by a period as a decimal indicator. An optional leading sign is allowed. If the sign is omitted, "+" is assumed.  Leading and trailing zeroes are optional. If the fractional part is zero, the period and following zero(es) can be omitted. For example: -1.23, 12678967.543233, +100000.00, 210.

The lexical space of decimal is the set of lexical representations which match the grammar given above, or (equivalently) the regular expression '-?(([0-9]+(.[0-9]*)?)|(.[0-9]+))'.

The mapping from lexical representations to values is the usual one for decimal numerals; it is given formally in:

Lexical Mapping
Maps a decimalLexicalRep onto a decimal value.

3.2.3.2 Canonical representation

The canonical representation for decimal is defined by prohibiting certain options from the Lexical representation (§3.2.3.1).  Specifically, the preceding optional "+" sign is prohibited.  The decimal point is required. Leading and trailing zeroes are prohibited subject to the following: there must be at least one digit to the right and to the left of the decimal point which may be a zero.

The mapping from values to canonical representations is given formally in:

3.2.4 pDecimal

[Definition:]  The pDecimal datatype represents the numeric value and (arithmetic) precision of decimal numbers which retain precision; it also includes special values for positive and negative infinity and "not a number", and it differentiates between "positive zero" and "negative zero".  The special values are introduced to make the datatype correspond closely to the floating-point decimal datatypes described by the forthcoming revision of IEEE/ANSI 754.

Precision is sometimes given in absolute, sometimes in relative terms. [Definition:]  The arithmetic precision of a value is expressed in absolute quantitative terms, by indicating how many digits to the right of the decimal point are significant. "5" has an arithmetic precision of 0, and "5.01" an arithmetic precision of 2.

3.2.4.1 Value Space
a decimal number, positiveInfinity, negativeInfinity or notANumber
an integer or absent; absent if and only if ·numericalValue· is a constant.
positive, negative, or absent; must be positive if ·numericalValue· is positive or positiveInfinity, must be negative if ·numericalValue· is negative or negativeInfinity, must be absent if and only if ·numericalValue· is notANumber
Note: The ·sign· property is redundant except when ·numericalValue· is zero; in other cases, the ·sign· value is fully determined by the ·numericalValue· value.
Note: As explained below, the lexical representation of the pDecimal value object whose ·numericalValue· is notANumber is 'NaN'.  Accordingly, in English text we use 'NaN' to refer to that value.  Similarly we use 'INF' and '–INF' to refer to the two value objects whose ·numericalValue· is positiveInfinity and negativeInfinity.  These three value objects are also informally called "not-a-number", "positive infinity", and "negative infinity". The latter two together are called "the infinities".

Equality and order for pDecimal are defined as follows:

  • Two numerical pDecimal values are ordered (or equal) as their ·numericalValue· values are ordered (or equal).  (This means that two zeros with different ·sign·s are equal; negative zeros are not ordered less than positive zeros.)
  • INF is equal only to itself, and is greater than –INF and all numerical pDecimal values.
  • –INF is equal only to itself, and is less than INF and all numerical pDecimal values.
  • NaN is incomparable with all values, including itself.

3.2.4.2 Lexical Mapping

pDecimal's lexical space is the set of all decimal numerals with or without a decimal point, numerals in scientific (exponential) notation, and the character strings 'INF', '+INF', '-INF', and 'NaN'.  The lexicalMappings facet can remove any one or two of the three subsets of numerals, with corresponding reductions in the value space.  Using this facet rather than pattern will change the canonical mapping to insure that the resulting datatype will still have canonical representations of all its values.

The lexical mapping and canonical mapping for pDecimal are the following functions:

Lexical Mapping
Maps a pDecimalRep onto a complete pDecimal value.

3.2.4.3 Simple Type Definition for pDecimal

The Simple Type Definition of pDecimal is present in every schema.  It has the following properties:

Simple Type Definition of pDecimal
PropertyValue
{name}'pDecimal'
{target namespace}'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema'
{base type definition}The anyAtomicType
{final}The empty set
{variety}atomic
{primitive type definition}pDecimal
{facets}{}
{fundamental facets}

{

}

{scope}global
{item type definition}absent
{member type definitions}absent
{annotations}The empty sequence

3.2.5 float

Issue (RQ-1i):RQ-1 (canonical representation of float, double)

The description of canonical representations for float and double needs to be cleaned up.

Issue (RQ-140i):RQ-140 (positive and negative zero in float and double)

Two zeros will be provided similar to those in precisionDecimal

[Definition:]  float is patterned after the IEEE single-precision 32-bit floating point type [IEEE 754-1985].  The basic ·value space· of float consists of the values m × 2^e, where m is an integer whose absolute value is less than 2^24, and e is an integer between -149 and 104, inclusive.  In addition to the basic ·value space· described above, the ·value space· of float also contains the following three special values: positive and negative infinity and not-a-number (NaN). The order relation on float is: x < y iff y - x is positive for x and y in the value space. Positive infinity is greater than all other non-NaN values. NaN equals itself but is incomparable with (neither greater than nor less than) any other value in the ·value space·.

Note:  "Equality" in this Recommendation is defined to be "identity" (i.e., values that are identical in the ·value space· are equal and vice versa). Identity must be used for the few operations that are defined in this Recommendation. Applications using any of the datatypes defined in this Recommendation may use different definitions of equality for computational purposes; [IEEE 754-1985]-based computation systems are examples. Nothing in this Recommendation should be construed as requiring that such applications use identity as their equality relationship when computing.

Any value incomparable with the value used for the four bounding facets (·minInclusive·, ·maxInclusive·, ·minExclusive·, and ·maxExclusive·) will be excluded from the resulting restricted ·value space·. In particular, when "NaN" is used as a facet value for a bounding facet, since no other float values are ·comparable· with it, the result is a ·value space· either having NaN as its only member (the inclusive cases) or that is empty (the exclusive cases). If any other value is used for a bounding facet, NaN will be excluded from the resulting restricted ·value space·; to add NaN back in requires union with the NaN-only space.

This datatype differs from that of [IEEE 754-1985] in that there is only one NaN and only one zero. This makes the equality and ordering of values in the data space differ from that of [IEEE 754-1985] only in that for schema purposes NaN = NaN.

A literal in the ·lexical space· representing a decimal number d maps to the normalized value in the ·value space· of float that is closest to d in the sense defined by [Clinger, WD (1990)]; if d is exactly halfway between two such values then the even value is chosen.

3.2.5.1 Lexical representation

float values have a lexical representation consisting of a mantissa followed, optionally, by the character 'E' or 'e', followed by an exponent.  The exponent ·must· be an integer.  The mantissa must be a decimal number.  The representations for exponent and mantissa must follow the lexical rules for integer and decimal.  If the 'E' or 'e' and the following exponent are omitted, an exponent value of 0 is assumed.

The special values positive and negative infinity and not-a-number have lexical representations INF, -INF and NaN, respectively. Lexical representations for zero may take a positive or negative sign.

For example, -1E4, 1267.43233E12, 12.78e-2, 12 , -0, 0 and INF are all legal literals for float.

3.2.6 double

[Definition:]  The double datatype is patterned after the IEEE double-precision 64-bit floating point type [IEEE 754-1985].  The basic ·value space· of double consists of the values m × 2^e, where m is an integer whose absolute value is less than 2^53, and e is an integer between -1075 and 970, inclusive.  In addition to the basic ·value space· described above, the ·value space· of double also contains the following three special values: positive and negative infinity and not-a-number (NaN). The order relation on double is: x < y iff y - x is positive for x and y in the value space. Positive infinity is greater than all other non-NaN values. NaN equals itself but is incomparable with (neither greater than nor less than) any other value in the ·value space·.

Note:  "Equality" in this Recommendation is defined to be "identity" (i.e., values that are identical in the ·value space· are equal and vice versa). Identity must be used for the few operations that are defined in this Recommendation. Applications using any of the datatypes defined in this Recommendation may use different definitions of equality for computational purposes; [IEEE 754-1985]-based computation systems are examples. Nothing in this Recommendation should be construed as requiring that such applications use identity as their equality relationship when computing.

Any value incomparable with the value used for the four bounding facets (·minInclusive·, ·maxInclusive·, ·minExclusive·, and ·maxExclusive·) will be excluded from the resulting restricted ·value space·. In particular, when "NaN" is used as a facet value for a bounding facet, since no other double values are ·comparable· with it, the result is a ·value space· either having NaN as its only member (the inclusive cases) or that is empty (the exclusive cases). If any other value is used for a bounding facet, NaN will be excluded from the resulting restricted ·value space·; to add NaN back in requires union with the NaN-only space.

This datatype differs from that of [IEEE 754-1985] in that there is only one NaN and only one zero. This makes the equality and ordering of values in the data space differ from that of [IEEE 754-1985] only in that for schema purposes NaN = NaN.

A literal in the ·lexical space· representing a decimal number d maps to the normalized value in the ·value space· of double that is closest to d; if d is exactly halfway between two such values then the even value is chosen. This is the best approximation of d ([Clinger, WD (1990)], [Gay, DM (1990)]), which is more accurate than the mapping required by [IEEE 754-1985].

3.2.6.1 Lexical representation

double values have a lexical representation consisting of a mantissa followed, optionally, by the character "E" or "e", followed by an exponent.  The exponent ·must· be an integer.  The mantissa must be a decimal number.  The representations for exponent and mantissa must follow the lexical rules for integer and decimal.  If the 'E' or 'e' and the following exponent are omitted, an exponent value of 0 is assumed.

The special values positive and negative infinity and not-a-number have lexical representations INF, -INF and NaN, respectively. Lexical representations for zero may take a positive or negative sign.

For example, -1E4, 1267.43233E12, 12.78e-2, 12 , -0, 0 and INF are all legal literals for double.

3.2.7 duration

[Definition:]  duration is a datatype that represents durations of time. The concept of duration being captured is drawn from those of [ISO 8601], specifically durations without fixed endpoints.  For example, "15 days" (whose most common lexical representation in duration is "'P15D'") is a duration value; "15 days beginning 12 July 1995" and "15 days ending 12 July 1995" are not.  duration can provide addition and subtraction operations between duration values and between duration/dateTime value pairs, and can be the result of subtracting dateTime values.  However, only addition to and subtraction from dateTime is required for XML Schema processing and is defined in Adding durations to dateTimes (§G).

3.2.7.1 Value Space

Durations can be modeled in at least two ways: as six-property tuples (similar to the seven-property model used for other date/time datatypes) or as two-property tuples (somewhat similar to the alternative one-property timeOnTimeline model especially useful for dateTime order).  For durations, it is useful to use the latter: duration values are two-property tuples.  (Note, however, that the six-property model was implicitly used in Schema 1.0.  The only effective difference to the user caused by this change is in the canonical representations.)  See The Seven-property Model (§D.2.1) for more information on the seven-property model.

Properties of duration Values
·Must· not be negative if ·month· is positive, and ·must· not be positive if ·month· is negative.

duration is partially ordered.  Equality and order are defined in terms of that of dateTime, and are determined by adding each duration value pair in turn to the following four dateTime values:

  • 1696-09-01T00:00:00Z
  • 1697-02-01T00:00:00Z
  • 1903-03-01T00:00:00Z
  • 1903-07-01T00:00:00Z

If all four resulting dateTime value pairs are ordered the same way (less than, equal, or greater than), then the original pair of duration values is ordered the same way; otherwise the original pair is incomparable.

Note: These four values are chosen so as to maximize the possible differences in results that could occur, such as the difference when adding P1M and P30D:  1697-02-01T00:00:00Z + P1M < 1697-02-01T00:00:00Z + P30D , but  1903-03-01T00:00:00Z + P1M > 1903-03-01T00:00:00Z + P30D , so that  P1M <> P30D .  If two duration values are ordered the same way when added to each of these four dateTime values, they will retain the same order when added to any other dateTime values, unless one is within a leap-second and either the other is also or is the beginning moment of the next second—in which case, the two results will be equal even though the original dateTime values were not.  Therefore, two duration values are incomparable if and only if they can ever result in different orders when added to any dateTime value not within a leap-second.

This minor anomaly is the result of having duration unaware of leap-seconds while the other date/time primitive datatypes are leap-second aware.

It turns out that under the definition just given, two duration values are equal if and only if they are identical.

Note: There are many ways to implement duration, some of which do not base the implementation on the two-component model.  This specification does not prescribe any particular implementation, as long as the visible results are isomorphic to those described herein.
3.2.7.2 Lexical Space

The ·lexical representations· of duration are more or less based on the pattern:

PnYnMnDTnHnMnS

More precisely, the ·lexical space· of duration is the set of character strings that satisfy durationLexicalRep as defined by the following productions:

Thus, a durationLexicalRep consists of one or more of a duYearFrag, duMonthFrag, duDayFrag, duHourFrag, duMinuteFrag, and/or duSecondFrag, in order, with letters 'P' and 'T' (and perhaps a '-') where appropriate.

The durationLexicalRep is equivalent to this regular expression

-?P(((([0-9]+Y([0-9]+M)?)|
      (       ([0-9]+M) ) )(([0-9]+D(T(([0-9]+H([0-9]+M)?([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?S)?)|
                                       (       ([0-9]+M) ([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?S)?)|
                                       (                 ([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?S) ) ))?)|
                            (       (T(([0-9]+H([0-9]+M)?([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?S)?)|
                                       (       ([0-9]+M) ([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?S)?)|
                                       (                 ([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?S) ) )) ) )?)|
    (                      (([0-9]+D(T(([0-9]+H([0-9]+M)?([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?S)?)|
                                       (       ([0-9]+M) ([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?S)?)|
                                       (                 ([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?S) ) ))?)|
                            (       (T(([0-9]+H([0-9]+M)?([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?S)?)|
                                       (       ([0-9]+M) ([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?S)?)|
                                       (                 ([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?S) ) )) ) ) ) )

once you delete the whitespace.  Redundant parentheses are shown as "ghosts"; some find them helpful in reading the expression.)

3.2.8 dateTime

dateTime represents instants of time, optionally marked with a particular timezone.  Values representing the same instant but having different timezones are equal but not identical.

3.2.8.1 Value Space

dateTime uses the date/timeSevenPropertyModel, with no properties except ·timezone· permitted to be absent. The ·timezone· property remains ·optional·.

Constraint: Day-of-month Values
The ·day· value must be no more than 30 if ·month· is one of 4, 6, 9, or 11; no more than 28 if ·month· is 2 and ·year· is not divisible 4, or is divisible by 100 but not by 400; and no more than 29 if ·month· is 2 and ·year· is divisible by 400, or by 4 but not by 100.
Constraint: Leap-second Values
The ·second· value must be less than 60 if ·timezone· is absent or if the remaining values do not correspond to a dateTime at which a leap-second was introduced into ·UTC· by the responsible authorities; if the hour and minute in the specified timezone allow a real leap-second then the value must be less than 60 plus the number of leap-seconds introduced on that date.  (At the time of publication of this specification, no more than one leap-second has ever been introduced at a timeand it appears unlikely that this will ever happen.  No negative leap-seconds have been introduced, but if any should be introduced in future, "adding" that negative number will result in a value limit of 59 or lower.)
Note: See the conformance note in (§C) which applies to the ·year· and ·second· values of this datatype.

Equality and order are as prescribed in The Seven-property Model (§D.2.1)dateTime values are ordered by their ·timeOnTimeline· value.

Note: Since the order of a dateTime value having a ·timezone· with another value whose ·timezone· is absent is determined by imputing timezones of both +14:00 and –14:00 to the untimezoned value, many such combinations will be ·incomparable· because the two imputed timezones yield different orders.

Although dateTime and other types related to dates and times have only a partial order, it is possible for datatypes derived from dateTime to have total orders, if they are restricted (e.g. using the pattern facet) to the subset of values with, or the subset of values without, timezones. Similar restrictions on other date- and time-related types will similarly produce totally ordered subtypes. Note, however, that such restrictions do not affect the value shown, for a given Simple Type Definition, in the ordered facet.

Note: Order and equality are essentially the same for dateTime in this version of this specification as they were in version 1.0.  However, since values now distinguish timezones, equal values with different ·timezone·s are not identical, and values with extreme ·timezone·s may no longer be equal to any value with a smaller ·timezone·.
3.2.8.2 Lexical Mappings

The lexical representations for dateTime are as follows:

Lexical Space
dateTimeLexicalRep ::= yearFrag '-monthFrag '-dayFrag 'T' ((hourFrag ':minuteFrag ':secondFrag) | endOfDayFrag) timezoneFrag?   Constraint:  Day-of-month Representations   Constraint:  Leap-second Representations

Constraint: Day-of-month Representations
Within a dateTimeLexicalRep, a dayFrag must not begin with the digit '3' or be '29' unless the value to which it would map would satisfy the value constraint on ·day· values ("Constraint: Day-of-month Values") given above.

Constraint: Leap-second Representations
Within a dateTimeLexicalRep, a secondFrag must not begin with the digit '6' unless the value to which it would map, in conjunction with the rest of the values, would satisfy the value constraint on leap-second values ("Constraint: Leap-second Values") given above.  Should a negative leap-second be declared, the secondFrag is further limited to those which would satisfy the even-tighter value constraint on ·second·.

The dateTimeLexicalRep production is equivalent to this regular expression once whitespace is removed.

\-?([1-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]+)|(0[0-9][0-9][0-9])\-(0[1-9])|(1[0-2])\-(0[1-9])([12][0-9])|(3[01])
 T(([01][0-9])|(2[0-3]):[0-5][0-9]:(([0-5][0-9])|(60))(.[0-9]+)?)|(24:00:00(.[0-9]+)?)
   ([+\-](0[0-9])|(1[0-4]):[0-5][0-9])?

Note that neither the dateTimeLexicalRep production nor this regular expression alone enforce the constraints on dateTimeLexicalRep given above.

The lexical mapping and canonical mapping for dateTime are the following functions:

Lexical Mapping
Maps a dateTimeLexicalRep to a dateTime value.

Canonical Mapping
Maps a dateTime value to a dateTimeLexicalRep.

3.2.9 time

time represents instants of time that recur at the same point in each calendar day, or that occur in some arbitrary calendar day.

3.2.9.1 Value Space

time uses the date/timeSevenPropertyModel, with ·year·, ·month·, and ·day· required to be absent·timezone· remains ·optional·.

Constraint: Leap-second Values
The ·second· value must be less than 60 if ·timezone· is absent or if the remaining values do not correspond to a time at which, on some day, a leap-second has been introduced into ·UTC· by the responsible authorities; if the hour and minute in the specified timezone allow a real leap-second then the value must be less than 60 plus the largest number of leap-seconds introduced on any date.  (At the time of publication of this specification, no more than one leap-second has ever been introduced at a time and it appears unlikely that this will ever occur.  No negative leap-seconds have been introduced, but if any should be introduced in future, "adding" that negative number will result in a value limit of 59 or lower.)
Note: See the conformance note in (§C) which applies to the ·second· value of this datatype.
Issue (RQ-13i-time-copy):RQ-13 (time zone crosses date line)

The "seven property model" rewrite of date/time datatype descriptions includes a carefully crafted definition of order that insures that for repeating datatypes (time, gDay, etc.), timezoned values will be compared as though they are on the same "calendar day" ("local" property values) so that in any given timezone, the days start at "local" 00:00:00 and end immediately before "local" 24:00:00. Days in timezones other than Z do not run from 00:00:00Z to 24:00:00Z.

Equality and order are as prescribed in The Seven-property Model (§D.2.1)time values (points in time in an "arbitrary" day) are ordered taking into account their ·timezone·.

A calendar ( or "local time") day with an early timezone begins earlier than the same calendar day with a later timezone.  Since the timezones allowed spread over 28 hours, there are timezone pairs for which a given calendar day in the two timezones are totally disjoint—the earlier day ends before the same day starts in the later timezone.  The moments in time represented by a single calendar day are spread over a 52-hour interval, from the beginning of the day in the +14:00 timezone to the end of that day in the –14:00 timezone.

Note: Since the order of a time value having a ·timezone· with another value whose ·timezone· is absent is determined by imputing timezones of both +14:00 and –14:00 to the untimezoned value, many such combinations will be ·incomparable· because the two imputed timezones yield different orders.  However, for a given untimezoned value, there will always be timezoned values at one or both ends of the 52-hour interval that are ·comparable· (because the interval of ·incomparability· is only 24 hours wide).

Examples that show the difference from version 1.0 of this specification (see Lexical Mappings (§3.2.9.2) for the notations):

  • A day is a calendar (or "local time") day in each timezone.

    08:00:00+10:00 < 17:00:00+10:00  (just as 08:00:00Z has always been less than 17:00:00Z, but in version 1.0  08:00:00+10:00 > 17:00:00+10:00 )

  • A time value in a calendar day with an early timezone may precede every value in a later calendar day:

    00:00:00+01:00 is less than every value with ·timezone· Z

  • A calendar day with a very early timezone may be completely disjoint from a calendar day with a very late timezone:

    Each value with ·timezone· +13:00 is less than every value with ·timezone· –13:00

  • time values do not always convert to ·UTC· in the same way as in 1.0, since a time in a timezone may convert to a ·UTC· time on a different day (whereas time conversions in version 1.0 "wrapped around" by ignoring the day during conversion):

    22:00:00Z > 03:00:00+05:00 (since 1971-12-31T03:00:00+05 is 1979-12-30T22:00:00Z, not 1979-12-31T22:00:00Z); in the previous version of this specification  22:00:00Z = 03:00:00+05:00 )

3.2.9.2 Lexical Mappings

The lexical representations for time are "projections" of those of dateTime, as follows:

Lexical Space
timeLexicalRep ::= ((hourFrag ':minuteFrag ':secondFrag) | endOfDayFrag) timezoneFrag?   Constraint:  Leap-second Representations

Constraint: Leap-second Representations
An secondFrag must not begin with the digit '6' unless the value to which it would map would satisfy the value constraint on leap-second values given above.

The timeLexicalRep production is equivalent to this regular expression, once whitespace is removed:

(([01][0-9])|(2[0-3]):[0-5][0-9]:[0-6][0-9])|(24:00:00)
(([01][0-9])|(2[0-3]):[0-5][0-9]:(([0-5][0-9])|(60))(.[0-9]+)?)|(24:00:00(.[0-9]+)?)
   ([+\-](0[0-9])|(1[0-4]):[0-5][0-9])?

Note that neither the timeLexicalRep production nor this regular expression alone enforce the constraint on timeLexicalRep given above.

The lexical mapping and canonical mapping for time are the following functions:

Lexical Mapping
Maps a timeLexicalRep to a time value.

Canonical Mapping
Maps a time value to a timeLexicalRep.

3.2.10 date

[Definition:]   date represents top-open intervals of exactly one day in length on the timelines of dateTime, beginning on the beginning moment of each day (in each timezone), up to but not including the beginning moment of the next day).  For nontimezoned values, the top-open intervals disjointly cover the nontimezoned timeline, one per day.  For timezoned values, the intervals begin at every minute and therefore overlap.

3.2.10.1 Value Space

date uses the date/timeSevenPropertyModel, with ·hour·, ·minute·, and ·second· required to be absent·timezone· remains ·optional·.

Constraint: Day-of-month Values
The ·day· value must be no more than 30 if ·month· is one of 4, 6, 9, or 11, no more than 28 if ·month· is 2 and ·year· is not divisble 4, or is divisible by 100 but not by 400, and no more than 29 if ·month· is 2 and ·year· is divisible by 400, or by 4 but not by 100.
Note: See the conformance note in (§C) which applies to the ·year· value of this datatype.

Equality and order are as prescribed in The Seven-property Model (§D.2.1).

Note: In version 1.0 of this specification, date values did not retain a timezone explicitly, but for timezones not too far from ·UTC· their timezone could be recovered based on their value's first moment on the timeline.  The date/timeSevenPropertyModel retains all timezones.

Examples that show the difference from version 1.0 (see Lexical Mappings (§3.2.10.2) for the notations):

  • A day is a calendar (or "local time") day in each timezone, including the timezones outside of +12:00 through -11:59 inclusive:

    2000-12-12+13:00 < 2000-12-12+11:00  (just as 2000-12-12+12:00 has always been less than 2000-12-12+11:00, but in version 1.0  2000-12-12+13:00 > 2000-12-12+11:00 , since 2000-12-12+13:00's "recoverable timezone" was –11:00)

  • Similarly:

    2000-12-12+13:00 = 2000-12-13–11:00  (whereas under 1.0, as just stated,  2000-12-12+13:00 = 2000-12-12–11:00)

3.2.10.2 Lexical Mappings

The lexical representations for date are "projections" of those of dateTime, as follows:

Lexical Space
dateLexicalRep ::= yearFrag '-monthFrag '-dayFrag timezoneFrag?   Constraint:  Day-of-month Representations

Constraint: Day-of-month Representations
Within a dateLexicalRep, a dayFrag must not begin with the digit '3' or be '29' unless the value to which it would map would satisfy the value constraint on ·day· values ("Constraint: Day-of-month Values") given above.

The dateLexicalRep production is equivalent to this regular expression:

\-?([1-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]+)|(0[0-9][0-9][0-9])\-(0[1-9])|(1[0-2])\-([0-2][0-9])|(3[01])((+|\-)(0[0-9]|1[0-4]):[0-5][0-9])?

Note that neither the dateLexicalRep production nor this regular expression alone enforce the constraint on dateLexicalRep given above.

The lexical mapping and canonical mapping for date are the following functions:

Lexical Mapping
Maps a dateLexicalRep to a date value.

Canonical Mapping
Maps a date value to a dateLexicalRep.

3.2.11 gYearMonth

gYearMonth represents specific whole Gregorian months in specific Gregorian years.

3.2.11.1 Value Space

gYearMonth uses the date/timeSevenPropertyModel, with ·day·, ·hour·, ·minute·, and ·second· required to be absent·timezone· remains ·optional·.

Note: See the conformance note in (§C) which applies to the ·year· value of this datatype.

Equality and order are as prescribed in The Seven-property Model (§D.2.1).

Note: In version 1.0 of this specification, gYearMonth values did not retain a timezone explicitly, but timezones not too far from ·UTC· could be recovered based on the gYearMonth value's first moment on the timeline.  The date/timeSevenPropertyModel simply retains all timezones.

An example that shows the difference from version 1.0 (see Lexical Mappings (§3.2.11.2) for the notations):

  • A day is a calendar (or "local time") day in each timezone, including the timezones outside of +12:00 through –11:59 inclusive:

    2000-12+13:00 < 2000-12+11:00  (just as 2000-12+12:00 has always been less than 2000–12+11:00, but in version 1.0  2000-12+13:00 > 2000-12+11:00 , since 2000–12+13:00's "recoverable timezone" was –11:00)

3.2.11.2 Lexical Mappings

The lexical representations for gYearMonth are "projections" of those of dateTime, as follows:

The gYearMonthLexicalRep is equivalent to this regular expression:

\-?([1-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]+)|(0[0-9][0-9][0-9])\-(0[1-9])|(1[0-2])((+|\-)(0[0-9]|1[0-4]):[0-5][0-9])?

The lexical mapping and canonical mapping for gYearMonth are the following functions:

Lexical Mapping
Maps a gYearMonthLexicalRep to a gYearMonth value.

3.2.12 gYear

gYear represents Gregorian calendar years.

3.2.12.1 Value Space

gYear uses the date/timeSevenPropertyModel, with ·month·, ·day·, ·hour·, ·minute·, and ·second· required to be absent·timezone· remains ·optional·.

Note: See the conformance note in (§C) which applies to the ·year· value of this datatype.

Equality and order are as prescribed in The Seven-property Model (§D.2.1).

Note: In version 1.0 of this specification, gYear values did not retain a timezone explicitly, but timezones not too far from ·UTC· could be recovered based on the gYear value's first moment on the timeline.  The date/timeSevenPropertyModel simply retains all timezones.

An example that shows the difference from version 1.0 (see Lexical Mappings (§3.2.12.2) for the notations):

  • A day is a calendar (or "local time") day in each timezone, including the timezones outside of +12:00 through –11:59 inclusive:

    2000+13:00 < 2000+11:00  (just as 2000+12:00 has always been less than 2000+11:00, but in version 1.0  2000+13:00 > 2000+11:00 , since 2000+13:00's "recoverable timezone" was –11:00)

3.2.12.2 Lexical Mappings

The lexical representations for gYear are "projections" of those of dateTime, as follows:

The gYearLexicalRep is equivalent to this regular expression:

\-?([1-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]+)|(0[0-9][0-9][0-9])((+|\-)(0[0-9]|1[0-4]):[0-5][0-9])?

The lexical mapping and canonical mapping for gYear are the following functions:

Lexical Mapping
Maps a gYearLexicalRep to a gYear value.

Canonical Mapping
Maps a gYear value to a gYearLexicalRep.

3.2.13 gMonthDay

gMonthDay represents whole calendar days that recur at the same point in each calendar year, or that occur in some arbitrary calendar year.

This datatype can be used, for example, to record birthdays; an instance of the datatype could be used to say that someone's birthday occurs on the 14th of September every year.

Note:  Because day/month combinations in one calendar only rarely correspond to day/month combinations in other calendars, values of this type do not, in general, have any straightforward or intuitive representation in terms of most other calendars. This type should therefore be used with caution in contexts where conversion to other calendars is desired.
3.2.13.1 Value Space

gMonthDay uses the date/timeSevenPropertyModel, with ·year·, ·hour·, ·minute·, and ·second· required to be absent·timezone· remains ·optional·.

Constraint: Day-of-month Values
The ·day· value must be no more than 30 if ·month· is one of 4, 6, 9, or 11, and no more than 29 if ·month· is 2.

Equality and order are as prescribed in The Seven-property Model (§D.2.1).

Note: In version 1.0 of this specification, gMonthDay values did not retain a timezone explicitly, but for timezones not too far from ·UTC· their timezone could be recovered based on their value's first moment on the timeline.  The date/timeSevenPropertyModel retains all timezones.

An example that shows the difference from version 1.0 (see Lexical Mappings (§3.2.13.2) for the notations):

  • A day is a calendar (or "local time") day in each timezone, including the timezones outside of +12:00 through –11:59 inclusive:

    --12-12+13:00 < --12-12+11:00  (just as --12-12+12:00 has always been less than --12-12+11:00, but in version 1.0  --12-12+13:00 > --12-12+11:00 , since --12-12+13:00's "recoverable timezone" was –11:00)

3.2.13.2 Lexical Mappings

The lexical representations for gMonthDay are "projections" of those of dateTime, as follows:

Lexical Space
gMonthDayLexicalRep ::= '--monthFrag '-dayFrag timezoneFrag?   Constraint:  Day-of-month Representations

Constraint: Day-of-month Representations
Within a gMonthDayLexicalRep, a dayFrag must not begin with the digit '3' or be '29' unless the value to which it would map would satisfy the value constraint on ·day· values ("Constraint: Day-of-month Values") given above.

The gMonthDayLexicalRep is equivalent to this regular expression:

\-\-(0[1-9])|(1[0-2])\-([0-2][0-9])|(3[01])((+|\-)(0[0-9]|1[0-4]):[0-5][0-9])?

Note that neither the gMonthDayLexicalRep production nor this regular expression alone enforce the constraint on gMonthDayLexicalRep given above.

The lexical mapping and canonical mapping for gMonthDay are the following functions:

Lexical Mapping
Maps a gMonthDayLexicalRep to a gMonthDay value.

Canonical Mapping
Maps a gMonthDay value to a gMonthDayLexicalRep.

3.2.14 gDay

[Definition:]  gDay represents whole days within an arbitrary month—days that recur at the same point in each (Gregorian) month. This datatype is used to represent a specific day of the month. To indicate, for example, that an employee gets a paycheck on the 15th of each month.  (Obviously, days beyond 28 cannot occur in all months; they are nonetheless permitted, up to 31.)

Note: Because days in one calendar only rarely correspond to days in other calendars, gday values do not, in general, have any straightforward or intuitive representation in terms of most non-Gregorian calendars. gday should therefore be used with caution in contexts where conversion to other calendars is desired.
3.2.14.1 Value Space

gDay uses the date/timeSevenPropertyModel, with ·year·, ·month·, ·hour·, ·minute·, and ·second· required to be absent·timezone· remains ·optional· and ·day· must be between 1 and 31 inclusive.

Equality and order are as prescribed in The Seven-property Model (§D.2.1).  Since gDay values (days) are ordered by their first moments, it is possible for apparent anomalies to appear in the order when ·timezone· values differ by at least 24 hours.  (It is possible for ·timezone· values to differ by up to 28 hours.)

Examples that may appear anomalous (see Lexical Mappings (§3.2.14.2) for the notations):

  • ---15 < ---16 , but  ---15–13:00 > ---16+13:00
  • ---15–11:00 = ---16+13:00
  • ---15–13:00 <> ---16 , because  ---15–13:00 > ---16+14:00  and ---15–13:00 < 16–14:00

Note:  Timezones do not cause wrap-around at the end of the month:  the last day of a given month in timezone –13:00 may start after the first day of the next month in timezone +13:00, as measured on the global timeline, but nonetheless  ---01+13:00 < ---31–13:00 .
3.2.14.2 Lexical Mappings

The lexical representations for gDay are "projections" of those of dateTime, as follows:

The gDayLexicalRep is equivalent to this regular expression:

\-\-\-([0-2][0-9]|3[01])((+|\-)(0[0-9]|1[0-4]):[0-5][0-9])?

The lexical mapping and canonical mapping for gDay are defined as follows:

Lexical Mapping
Maps a gDayLexicalRep to a gDay value.

Canonical Mapping
Maps a gDay value to a gDayLexicalRep.

3.2.15 gMonth

gMonth represents whole (Gregorian) months within an arbitrary year—months that recur at the same point in each year.  It might be used, for example, to say what month annual Thanksgiving celebrations fall in different countries (--11 in the United States, --10 in Canada, and possibly other months in other countries).

3.2.15.1 Value Space

gMonth uses the date/timeSevenPropertyModel, with ·year·, ·day·, ·hour·, ·minute·, and ·second· required to be absent·timezone· remains ·optional·.

Equality and order are as prescribed in The Seven-property Model (§D.2.1).

Note: In version 1.0 of this specification, gMonth values did not retain a timezone explicitly, but for timezones not too far from ·UTC· their timezone could be recovered based on their value's first moment on the timeline.  The date/timeSevenPropertyModel retains all timezones.

An example that shows the difference from version 1.0 (see Lexical Mappings (§3.2.15.2) for the notations):

  • A month is a calendar (or "local time") month in each timezone, including the timezones outside of +12:00 through –11:59 inclusive:

    --12+13:00 < --12+11:00  (just as --12+12:00 has always been less than --12+11:00, but in version 1.0  --12+13:00 > --12+11:00 , since --12+13:00's "recoverable timezone" was –11:00)

3.2.15.2 Lexical Mappings

The lexical representations for gMonth are "projections" of those of dateTime, as follows:

The gMonthLexicalRep is equivalent to this regular expression:

\-\-(0[1-9])|(1[0-2])((+|\-)(0[0-9]|1[0-4]):[0-5][0-9])?

The lexical mapping and canonical mapping for gMonth are defined as follows:

Lexical Mapping
Maps a gMonthLexicalRep to a gMonth value.

Canonical Mapping
Maps a gMonth value to a gMonthLexicalRep.

3.2.17 base64Binary

[Definition:]   base64Binary represents Base64-encoded arbitrary binary data.  The ·value space· of base64Binary is the set of finite-length sequences of binary octets. For base64Binary data the entire binary stream is encoded using the Base64 Alphabet in [RFC 2045].

The lexical forms of base64Binary values are limited to the 65 characters of the Base64 Alphabet defined in [RFC 2045], i.e., a-z, A-Z, 0-9, the plus sign (+), the forward slash (/) and the equal sign (=), together with the characters defined in [XML] as white space. No other characters are allowed.

For compatibility with older mail gateways, [RFC 2045] suggests that base64 data should have lines limited to at most 76 characters in length.  This line-length limitation is not mandated in the lexical forms of base64Binary data and must not be enforced by XML Schema processors.

The lexical space of base64Binary is given by the following grammar (the notation is that used in [XML]); legal lexical forms must match the Base64Binary production.

Base64Binary  ::=  ((B64S B64S B64S B64S)*
                     ((B64S B64S B64S B64) |
                      (B64S B64S B16S '=') |
                      (B64S B04S '=' #x20? '=')))?

B64S         ::= B64 #x20?

B16S         ::= B16 #x20?

B04S         ::= B04 #x20?


B04         ::=  [AQgw]
B16         ::=  [AEIMQUYcgkosw048]
B64         ::=  [A-Za-z0-9+/]

Note that this grammar requires the number of non-whitespace characters in the lexical form to be a multiple of four, and for equals signs to appear only at the end of the lexical form; strings which do not meet these constraints are not legal lexical forms of base64Binary because they cannot successfully be decoded by base64 decoders.

Note: The above definition of the lexical space is more restrictive than that given in [RFC 2045] as regards whitespace -- this is not an issue in practice.  Any string compatible with the RFC can occur in an element or attribute validated by this type, because the ·whiteSpace· facet of this type is fixed to collapse, which means that all leading and trailing whitespace will be stripped, and all internal whitespace collapsed to single space characters, before the above grammar is enforced.

The canonical lexical form of a base64Binary data value is the base64 encoding of the value which matches the Canonical-base64Binary production in the following grammar:

Canonical-base64Binary  ::=  (B64 B64 B64 B64)*
                               ((B64 B64 B16 '=') | (B64 B04 '=='))?

Note: For some values the canonical form defined above does not conform to [RFC 2045], which requires breaking with linefeeds at appropriate intervals.

The length of a base64Binary value is the number of octets it contains. This may be calculated from the lexical form by removing whitespace and padding characters and performing the calculation shown in the pseudo-code below:

lex2    := killwhitespace(lexform)    -- remove whitespace characters
lex3    := strip_equals(lex2)         -- strip padding characters at end
length  := floor (length(lex3) * 3 / 4)         -- calculate length

Note on encoding: [RFC 2045] explicitly references US-ASCII encoding.  However, decoding of base64Binary data in an XML entity is to be performed on the Unicode characters obtained after character encoding processing as specified by [XML]

3.2.18 anyURI

[Definition:]   anyURI represents a Uniform Resource Identifier Reference (URI).  An anyURI value can be absolute or relative, and may have an optional fragment identifier (i.e., it may be a URI Reference).  This type should be used to specify the intention that the value fulfills the role of a URI as defined by [RFC 2396], as amended by [RFC 2732].

The mapping from anyURI values to URIs is as defined by the URI reference escaping procedure defined in Section 5.4 Locator Attribute of [XML Linking Language] (see also Section 7 Character Encoding in URI References of [Character Model]).  This means that a wide range of internationalized resource identifiers can be specified when an anyURI is called for, and still be understood as URIs per [RFC 2396], as amended by [RFC 2732], where appropriate to identify resources.

Note:  Section 5.4 Locator Attribute of [XML Linking Language] requires that relative URI references be absolutized as defined in [XML Base] before use.  This is an XLink-specific requirement and is not appropriate for XML Schema, since neither the ·lexical space· nor the ·value space· of the anyURI type are restricted to absolute URIs.  Accordingly absolutization must not be performed by schema processors as part of schema validation.
Note:  Each URI scheme imposes specialized syntax rules for URIs in that scheme, including restrictions on the syntax of allowed fragment identifiers. Because it is impractical for processors to check that a value is a context-appropriate URI reference, this specification follows the lead of [RFC 2396] (as amended by [RFC 2732]) in this matter: such rules and restrictions are not part of type validity and are not checked by ·minimally conforming· processors. Thus in practice the above definition imposes only very modest obligations on ·minimally conforming· processors.
3.2.18.1 Lexical representation

The ·lexical space· of anyURI is finite-length character sequences which, when the algorithm defined in Section 5.4 of [XML Linking Language] is applied to them, result in strings which are legal URIs according to [RFC 2396], as amended by [RFC 2732].

Note:  Spaces are, in principle, allowed in the ·lexical space· of anyURI, however, their use is highly discouraged (unless they are encoded by %20).

3.2.19 QName

[Definition:]   QName represents XML qualified names. The ·value space· of QName is the set of tuples {namespace name, local part}, where namespace name is an anyURI and local part is an NCName. The ·lexical space· of QName is the set of strings that ·match· the QName production of [Namespaces in XML].

Note:  The mapping between literals in the ·lexical space· and values in the ·value space· of QName requires a namespace declaration to be in scope for the context in which QName is used.
3.2.19.1 Constraining facets

QName has the following ·constraining facets·:

The use of ·length·, ·minLength· and ·maxLength· on datatypes ·derived· from QName is deprecated.  Future versions of this specification may remove these facets for this datatype.

3.2.20 NOTATION

[Definition:]   NOTATION represents the NOTATION attribute type from [XML]. The ·value space· of NOTATION is the set of QNames of notations declared in the current schema. The ·lexical space· of NOTATION is the set of all names of notations declared in the current schema (in the form of QNames).

Schema Component Constraint: enumeration facet value required for NOTATION
It is an ·error· for NOTATION to be used directly in a schema.  Only datatypes that are ·derived· from NOTATION by specifying a value for ·enumeration· can be used in a schema.

For compatibility (see Terminology (§1.5)) NOTATION should be used only on attributes and should only be used in schemas with no target namespace.

3.2.20.1 Constraining facets

NOTATION has the following ·constraining facets·:

The use of ·length·, ·minLength· and ·maxLength· on datatypes ·derived· from NOTATION is deprecated.  Future versions of this specification may remove these facets for this datatype.

previous sub-section 3.3 Derived datatypes

        3.3.1 normalizedString
        3.3.2 token
        3.3.3 language
        3.3.4 NMTOKEN
        3.3.5 NMTOKENS
        3.3.6 Name
        3.3.7 NCName
        3.3.8 ID
        3.3.9 IDREF
        3.3.10 IDREFS
        3.3.11 ENTITY
        3.3.12 ENTITIES
        3.3.13 integer
        3.3.14 nonPositiveInteger
        3.3.15 negativeInteger
        3.3.16 long
        3.3.17 int
        3.3.18 short
        3.3.19 byte
        3.3.20 nonNegativeInteger
        3.3.21 unsignedLong
        3.3.22 unsignedInt
        3.3.23 unsignedShort
        3.3.24 unsignedByte
        3.3.25 positiveInteger
        3.3.26 yearMonthDuration
        3.3.27 dayTimeDuration

This section gives conceptual definitions for all ·built-in· ·derived· datatypes defined by this specification. The XML representation used to define ·derived· datatypes (whether ·built-in· or ·user-derived·) is given in section XML Representation of Simple Type Definition Schema Components (§4.1.2) and the complete definitions of the ·built-in·  ·derived· datatypes are provided in Appendix A Schema for Datatype Definitions (normative) (§A).

3.3.1 normalizedString

[Definition:]   normalizedString represents white space normalized strings. The ·value space· of normalizedString is the set of strings that do not contain the carriage return (#xD), line feed (#xA) nor tab (#x9) characters. The ·lexical space· of normalizedString is the set of strings that do not contain the carriage return (#xD), line feed (#xA) nor tab (#x9) characters. The ·base type· of normalizedString is string.

3.3.2 token

[Definition:]   token represents tokenized strings. The ·value space· of token is the set of strings that do not contain the carriage return (#xD), line feed (#xA) nor tab (#x9) characters, that have no leading or trailing spaces (#x20) and that have no internal sequences of two or more spaces. The ·lexical space· of token is the set of strings that do not contain the carriage return (#xD), line feed (#xA) nor tab (#x9) characters, that have no leading or trailing spaces (#x20) and that have no internal sequences of two or more spaces. The ·base type· of token is normalizedString.

3.3.3 language

[Definition:]   language represents natural language identifiers as defined by by [RFC 3066] . The ·value space· of language is the set of all strings that are valid language identifiers as defined [RFC 3066] . The ·lexical space· of language is the set of all strings that conform to the pattern [a-zA-Z]{1,8}(-[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,8})* . The ·base type· of language is token.

3.3.4 NMTOKEN

[Definition:]   NMTOKEN represents the NMTOKEN attribute type from [XML]. The ·value space· of NMTOKEN is the set of tokens that ·match· the Nmtoken production in [XML]. The ·lexical space· of NMTOKEN is the set of strings that ·match· the Nmtoken production in [XML].  The ·base type· of NMTOKEN is token.

For compatibility (see Terminology (§1.5)) NMTOKEN should be used only on attributes.

3.3.5 NMTOKENS

[Definition:]   NMTOKENS represents the NMTOKENS attribute type from [XML]. The ·value space· of NMTOKENS is the set of finite, non-zero-length sequences of ·NMTOKEN·s.  The ·lexical space· of NMTOKENS is the set of space-separated lists of tokens, of which each token is in the ·lexical space· of NMTOKEN.  The ·itemType· of NMTOKENS is NMTOKEN.

For compatibility (see Terminology (§1.5)) NMTOKENS should be used only on attributes.

3.3.7 NCName

[Definition:]   NCName represents XML "non-colonized" Names.  The ·value space· of NCName is the set of all strings which ·match· the NCName production of [Namespaces in XML].  The ·lexical space· of NCName is the set of all strings which ·match· the NCName production of [Namespaces in XML].  The ·base type· of NCName is Name.

3.3.8 ID

[Definition:]   ID represents the ID attribute type from [XML].  The ·value space· of ID is the set of all strings that ·match· the NCName production in [Namespaces in XML].  The ·lexical space· of ID is the set of all strings that ·match· the NCName production in [Namespaces in XML]. The ·base type· of ID is NCName.

For compatibility (see Terminology (§1.5)) ID should be used only on attributes.

3.3.9 IDREF

[Definition:]   IDREF represents the IDREF attribute type from [XML].  The ·value space· of IDREF is the set of all strings that ·match· the NCName production in [Namespaces in XML].  The ·lexical space· of IDREF is the set of strings that ·match· the NCName production in [Namespaces in XML]. The ·base type· of IDREF is NCName.

For compatibility (see Terminology (§1.5)) this datatype should be used only on attributes.

3.3.10 IDREFS

[Definition:]   IDREFS represents the IDREFS attribute type from [XML].  The ·value space· of IDREFS is the set of finite, non-zero-length sequences of IDREFs. The ·lexical space· of IDREFS is the set of space-separated lists of tokens, of which each token is in the ·lexical space· of IDREF. The ·itemType· of IDREFS is IDREF.

For compatibility (see Terminology (§1.5)) IDREFS should be used only on attributes.

3.3.11 ENTITY

[Definition:]   ENTITY represents the ENTITY attribute type from [XML].  The ·value space· of ENTITY is the set of all strings that ·match· the NCName production in [Namespaces in XML] and have been declared as an unparsed entity in a document type definition. The ·lexical space· of ENTITY is the set of all strings that ·match· the NCName production in [Namespaces in XML]. The ·base type· of ENTITY is NCName.

Note:  The ·value space· of ENTITY is scoped to a specific instance document.

For compatibility (see Terminology (§1.5)) ENTITY should be used only on attributes.

3.3.12 ENTITIES

[Definition:]   ENTITIES represents the ENTITIES attribute type from [XML]. The ·value space· of ENTITIES is the set of finite, non-zero-length sequences of ·ENTITY·s that have been declared as unparsed entities in a document type definition. The ·lexical space· of ENTITIES is the set of space-separated lists of tokens, of which each token is in the ·lexical space· of ENTITY. The ·itemType· of ENTITIES is ENTITY.

Note:  The ·value space· of ENTITIES is scoped to a specific instance document.

For compatibility (see Terminology (§1.5)) ENTITIES should be used only on attributes.

3.3.26 yearMonthDuration

[Definition:]   yearMonthDuration is a datatype ·derived· from duration by restricting its ·lexical representations· to instances of yearMonthDurationLexicalRep.  The ·value space· of yearMonthDuration is therefore that of duration restricted to those whose ·second· property is 0.  This results in a duration datatype which is totally ordered.

Note: The always-zero ·second· is formally retained in order that yearMonthDuration's (abstract) value space truly be a subset of that of duration  An obvious implementation optimization is to ignore the zero and implement yearMonthDuration values simply as integer values.
3.3.26.1 The yearMonthDuration Lexical Mapping

The lexical space is reduced from that of duration by disallowing duDayFrag and duTimeFrag fragments in the ·lexical representations·.

The regular expression '-?P([0-9]+Y)?([0-9]+M)?' has instances that are not in the lexical space—but they are not in the lexical space of duration either, so it serves as a relatively simple regular expression that extracts from the ·lexical space· of duration those representations that are instances of yearMonthDuration.

The ·canonical mapping· is that of duration restricted in its range to the ·lexical space· (which reduces its domain to omit any values not in the yearMonthDuration value space).

Note: The yearMonthDuration value whose ·month· and ·second· are both zero has no ·canonical representation· in this datatype since its ·canonical representation· in duration ('PT0S') is not in the ·lexical space· of yearMonthDuration.
3.3.26.2 Constraining Facets

yearMonthDuration has the following ·constraining facets·:

  • pattern
  • eunmeration
  • whitespace
  • minInclusive
  • minExclusive
  • maxInclusive
  • maxExclusive

3.3.27 dayTimeDuration

[Definition:]   dayTimeDuration is a datatype ·derived· from duration by restricting its ·lexical representations· to instances of dayTimeDurationLexicalRep. The ·value space· of dayTimeDuration is therefore that of duration restricted to those whose ·month· property is 0.  This results in a duration datatype which is totally ordered.

3.3.27.1 The dayTimeDuration Lexical Space

The lexical space is reduced from that of duration by disallowing duYearFrag and duMonthFrag fragments in the ·lexical representations·.

The regular expression '-?P([0-9]+D)?(T([0-9]+H)?([0-9]+M)?([0-9]+(.[0-9]+)?S)?)?' has several instances that are not in the lexical space—but they are not in the lexical space of duration either, so it serves as a relatively simple regular expression that extracts from the ·lexical space· of duration those representations that are instances of dayTimeDurationLexicalRep.

The ·canonical mapping· is that of duration restricted to the ·value space· The ·canonical mapping· is that of duration restricted in its range to the ·lexical space· (which reduces its domain to omit any values not in the yearMonthDuration value space).

3.3.27.2 Constraining Facets

dayTimeDuration has the following ·constraining facets·:

  • pattern
  • eunmeration
  • whitespace
  • minInclusive
  • minExclusive
  • maxInclusive
  • maxExclusive

4 Datatype components

The following sections provide full details on the properties and significance of each kind of schema component involved in datatype definitions. For each property, the kinds of values it is allowed to have is specified.  Any property not identified as optional is required to be present; optional properties which are not present have absent as their value. Any property identified as a having a set, subset or ·list· value may have an empty value unless this is explicitly ruled out: this is not the same as absent. Any property value identified as a superset or a subset of some set may be equal to that set, unless a proper superset or subset is explicitly called for.

For more information on the notion of datatype (schema) components, see Schema Component Details of [XML Schema Part 1: Structures].

next sub-section4.1 Simple Type Definition

Simple Type definitions provide for:

  • In the case of ·primitive· datatypes, identifying a datatype with its definition in this specification.
  • In the case of ·constructed· datatypes, defining the datatype in terms of other datatypes.
  • Attaching a QName to the datatype.

4.1.1 The Simple Type Definition Schema Component

The Simple Type Definition schema component has the following properties:

Datatypes are identified by their {name} and {target namespace}.  Except for anonymous datatypes (those with no {name}), datatype definitions ·must· be uniquely identified within a schema.

If {variety} is ·atomic· then the ·value space· of the datatype defined will be a subset of the ·value space· of {base type definition} (which is a subset of the ·value space· of {primitive type definition}). If {variety} is ·list· then the ·value space· of the datatype defined will be the set of finite-length sequence of values from the ·value space· of {item type definition}. If {variety} is ·union· then the ·value space· of the datatype defined will be the union of the ·value space·s of each datatype in {member type definitions}.

If {variety} is ·atomic· then the {variety} of {base type definition} must be ·atomic·. If {variety} is ·list· then the {variety} of {item type definition} must be either ·atomic· or ·union·. If {variety} is ·union· then {member type definitions} must be a list of datatype definitions.

The value of {facets} consists of the set of ·fundamental facets· and ·constraining facets· specified directly in the datatype definition unioned with the possibly empty set of {facets} of {base type definition}.

The value of {fundamental facets} consists of the set of ·fundamental facet·s and their values.

If {final} is the empty set then the type can be used in deriving other types; the explicit values restriction, list and union prevent further derivations by ·restriction·, ·list· and ·union· respectively.

4.1.2 XML Representation of Simple Type Definition Schema Components

The XML representation for a Simple Type Definition schema component is a <simpleType> element information item. The correspondences between the properties of the information item and properties of the component are as follows:

XML Representation SummarysimpleType Element Information Item

<simpleType
  final = (#all | List of (list | union | restriction))
  id = ID
  name = NCName
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?, (restriction | list | union))
</simpleType>

Simple Type Definition Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{name} The actual value of the name [attribute], if present, otherwise null
{final} A set corresponding to the actual value of the final [attribute], if present, otherwise the actual value of the finalDefault [attribute] of the ancestor schema element information item, if present, otherwise the empty string, as follows:
the empty string
the empty set;
#all
{restriction, list, union};
otherwise
a set with members drawn from the set above, each being present or absent depending on whether the string contains an equivalently named space-delimited substring.
Note: Although the finalDefault [attribute] of schema may include values other than restriction, list or union, those values are ignored in the determination of {final}
Note: Although the finalDefault attribute of a schema may include character strings other than 'restriction', 'list' or 'union', those other values are ignored in the determination of {final}.
{target namespace} The actual value of the targetNamespace [attribute] of the parent schema element information item.
{annotations} The annotation corresponding to the <annotation> element information item in the [children], if present, otherwise null

A ·derived· datatype can be ·derived· from a ·primitive· datatype or another ·derived· datatype by one of three means: by restriction, by list or by union.

4.1.2.1 Derivation by restriction

<restriction
  base = QName
  id = ID
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?, (simpleType?, (minExclusive | minInclusive | maxExclusive | maxInclusive | totalDigits | fractionDigits | maxScale | minScale | length | minLength | maxLength | enumeration | whiteSpace | pattern)*))
</restriction>

Simple Type Definition Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{variety} The {variety} of {base type definition}
{facets} The union of the set of ·fundamental facets· and ·constraining facets· components resolved to by the facet [children] merged with {facets} from {base type definition}, subject to the applicable facet constraint specified in Constraints on Simple Type Definition Schema Components (§4.1.5).
{base type definition} The Simple Type Definition component resolved to by the actual value of the base [attribute] or the <simpleType> [children], whichever is present.
Example
An electronic commerce schema might define a datatype called Sku (the barcode number that appears on products) from the ·built-in· datatype string by supplying a value for the ·pattern· facet.
<simpleType name='Sku'>
    <restriction base='string'>
      <pattern value='\d{3}-[A-Z]{2}'/>
    </restriction>
</simpleType>
In this case, Sku is the name of the new ·user-derived· datatype, string is its ·base type· and ·pattern· is the facet.
4.1.2.2 Derivation by list

<list
  id = ID
  itemType = QName
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?, simpleType?)
</list>

Simple Type Definition Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{variety} list
{item type definition} The Simple Type Definition component resolved to by the actual value of the itemType [attribute] or the <simpleType> [children], whichever is present.

A ·list· datatype must be ·derived· from an ·atomic· or a ·union· datatype, known as the ·itemType· of the ·list· datatype. This yields a datatype whose ·value space· is composed of finite-length sequences of values from the ·value space· of the ·itemType· and whose ·lexical space· is composed of space-separated lists of literals of the ·itemType·.

Example
A system might want to store lists of floating point values.
<simpleType name='listOfFloat'>
  <list itemType='float'/>
</simpleType>
In this case, listOfFloat is the name of the new ·user-derived· datatype, float is its ·itemType· and ·list· is the derivation method.

As mentioned in List datatypes (§2.4.1.2), when a datatype is ·derived· from a ·list· datatype, the following ·constraining facet·s can be used:

regardless of the ·constraining facet·s that are applicable to the ·atomic· datatype that serves as the ·itemType· of the ·list·.

For each of ·length·, ·maxLength· and ·minLength·, the unit of length is measured in number of list items. The value of ·whiteSpace· is fixed to the value collapse.

4.1.2.3 Derivation by union

<union
  id = ID
  memberTypes = List of QName
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?, simpleType*)
</union>

Simple Type Definition Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{variety} union
{member type definitions} The sequence of Simple Type Definition components resolved to by the items in the actual value of the memberTypes [attribute], if any, in order, followed by the Simple Type Definition components resolved to by the <simpleType> [children], if any, in order. If {variety} is union for any Simple Type Definition components resolved to above, then the Simple Type Definition is replaced by its {member type definitions}.

A ·union· datatype can be ·derived· from one or more ordinary ·atomic·, ·list· or other ·union· datatypes, known as the ·memberTypes· of that ·union· datatype.

Example
As an example, taken from a typical display oriented text markup language, one might want to express font sizes as an integer between 8 and 72, or with one of the tokens "small", "medium" or "large".  The ·union· type definition below would accomplish that.
<xsd:attribute name="size">
  <xsd:simpleType>
    <xsd:union>
      <xsd:simpleType>
        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:positiveInteger">
          <xsd:minInclusive value="8"/>
          <xsd:maxInclusive value="72"/>
        </xsd:restriction>
      </xsd:simpleType>
      <xsd:simpleType>
        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:NMTOKEN">
          <xsd:enumeration value="small"/>
          <xsd:enumeration value="medium"/>
          <xsd:enumeration value="large"/>
        </xsd:restriction>
      </xsd:simpleType>
    </xsd:union>
  </xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:attribute>
<p>
<font size='large'>A header</font>
</p>
<p>
<font size='12'>this is a test</font>
</p>

As mentioned in Union datatypes (§2.4.1.3), when a datatype is ·derived· from a ·union· datatype, the only following ·constraining facet·s can be used:

regardless of the ·constraining facet·s that are applicable to the datatypes that participate in the ·union·

4.1.4 Simple Type Definition Validation Rules

Validation Rule: Facet Valid
A value in a ·value space· is facet-valid with respect to a ·constraining facet· component if and only if:
1 the value is facet-valid with respect to the particular ·constraining facet· as specified below.
Validation Rule: Datatype Valid
A string is datatype-valid with respect to a datatype definition if and only if:
1 it ·match·es a literal in the ·lexical space· of the datatype, determined as follows:
1.1 if ·pattern· is a member of {facets}, then the string must be pattern valid (§4.3.4.4);
1.2 if ·pattern· is not a member of {facets}, then
1.2.1 if {variety} is ·atomic· then the string must ·match· a literal in the ·lexical space· of {base type definition}
1.2.2 if {variety} is ·list· then the string must be a sequence of space-separated tokens, each of which ·match·es a literal in the ·lexical space· of {item type definition}
1.2.3 if {variety} is ·union· then the string must ·match· a literal in the ·lexical space· of at least one member of {member type definitions}
2 the value denoted by the literal ·match·ed in the previous step is a member of the ·value space· of the datatype, as determined by it being Facet Valid (§4.1.4) with respect to each member of {facets} (except for ·pattern·).

4.1.5 Constraints on Simple Type Definition Schema Components

Schema Component Constraint: applicable facets
The ·constraining facet·s which are allowed to be members of {facets} are dependent on {base type definition} as specified in the following table:
{base type definition}applicable {facets}
If {variety} is list, then
[all datatypes]length, minLength, maxLength, pattern, enumeration, whiteSpace
If {variety} is union, then
[all datatypes]pattern, enumeration
else if {variety} is atomic, then
stringlength, minLength, maxLength, pattern, enumeration, whiteSpace
booleanpattern, whiteSpace
floatpattern, enumeration, whiteSpace, maxInclusive, maxExclusive, minInclusive, minExclusive
doublepattern, enumeration, whiteSpace, maxInclusive, maxExclusive, minInclusive, minExclusive
decimaltotalDigits, fractionDigits, pattern, whiteSpace, enumeration, maxInclusive, maxExclusive, minInclusive, minExclusive
pDecimaltotalDigits, maxScale, minScale, pattern, whiteSpace, enumeration, maxInclusive, maxExclusive, minInclusive, minExclusive, lexicalMappings
durationpattern, enumeration, whiteSpace, maxInclusive, maxExclusive, minInclusive, minExclusive
dateTimepattern, enumeration, whiteSpace, maxInclusive, maxExclusive, minInclusive, minExclusive
timepattern, enumeration, whiteSpace, maxInclusive, maxExclusive, minInclusive, minExclusive
datepattern, enumeration, whiteSpace, maxInclusive, maxExclusive, minInclusive, minExclusive
gYearMonthpattern, enumeration, whiteSpace, maxInclusive, maxExclusive, minInclusive, minExclusive
gYearpattern, enumeration, whiteSpace, maxInclusive, maxExclusive, minInclusive, minExclusive
gMonthDaypattern, enumeration, whiteSpace, maxInclusive, maxExclusive, minInclusive, minExclusive
gDaypattern, enumeration, whiteSpace, maxInclusive, maxExclusive, minInclusive, minExclusive
gMonthpattern, enumeration, whiteSpace, maxInclusive, maxExclusive, minInclusive, minExclusive
hexBinarylength, minLength, maxLength, pattern, enumeration, whiteSpace
base64Binarylength, minLength, maxLength, pattern, enumeration, whiteSpace
anyURIlength, minLength, maxLength, pattern, enumeration, whiteSpace
QNamelength, minLength, maxLength, pattern, enumeration, whiteSpace
NOTATIONlength, minLength, maxLength, pattern, enumeration, whiteSpace

4.1.6 Built-in Simple Type Definitions

The definition of anySimpleType is present in every schema.  It has the following properties:

Simple Type Definition of anySimpleType
PropertyValue
{name}'anySimpleType'
{target namespace}http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
{base type definition}anyType
{final}The empty set
{variety}absent
{primitive type definition}absent
{facets}The empty set
{fundamental facets}The empty set
{scope}global
{item type definition}absent
{member type definitions}absent
{annotations}The empty sequence

The definition of anySimpleType is the root of the Simple Type Definition hierarchy, and as such mediates between the other simple type definitions, which all eventually trace back to it via their {base type definition} properties, and thus to the definition of anyType, which is its {base type definition}.

Simple Type Definition of anyAtomicType
PropertyValue
{name}'anyAtomicType'
{target namespace}http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
{base type definition}anySimpleType
{final}The empty set
{variety}atomic
{primitive type definition}absent
{facets}The empty set
{fundamental facets}The empty set
{scope}global
{item type definition}absent
{member type definitions}absent
{annotations}The empty sequence

Simple type definitions for all the built-in primitive datatypes, namely string, boolean, float, double, decimal, pDecimal, dateTime, duration, time, date, gMonth, gMonthDay, gDay, gYear, gYearMonth, hexBinary, base64Binary, anyURI are present by definition in every schema.  All are in the XML Schema namespace (http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema), have an atomic {variety} with an empty {facets} (unless otherwise specified in this specification) and anyAtomicType as their {base type definition}, and themselves as {primitive type definition}.

Similarly, simple type definitions for all the built-in derived datatypes are present by definition in every schema, with properties as specified in Derived datatypes (§3.3) and as represented in XML in Schema for Datatype Definitions (normative) (§A).

previous sub-section next sub-section4.2 ·Fundamental Facets·

        4.2.1 ordered
        4.2.2 bounded
        4.2.3 cardinality
        4.2.4 numeric
Issue (RQ-24-1i):RQ-24 (systematic approach to facets)

The decision that the four informational facets, each of which have only one property, will be lumped into one facet having four properties has been rescinded by the WG before it made it into the text of this specification.

[Definition:]  Each fundamental facet is a schema component that provides a limited piece of information about some aspect of each datatype.  For example, cardinality is a ·fundamental facet·.  Most ·fundamental facets· are given a value fixed with each primitive datatype's definition, and this value is not changed by subsequent ·derivations· (even when it would perhaps be reasonable to expect an application to give a more accurate value based on the constraining facets used to define the ·derivation·).  The cardinality and bounded facets are exceptions to this rule; their values may change as a result of certain ·derivations·.

Note: Schema components are identified by kind.  "Fundamental" is not a kind of component.  Each kind of ·fundamental facet· ("ordered", "bounded", etc.) is a separate kind of schema component.

A ·fundamental facet· can occur only in the {fundamental facets} of a Simple Type Definition, and this is the only place where ·fundamental facet· components occur.  [Definition:]  A Simple Type Definition in whose {fundamental facets} a ·fundamental facet· component occurs is that component's owner.  Each kind of ·fundamental facet· component occurs (once) in each Simple Type Definition's {fundamental facets} set.

Note: The value of any ·fundamental facet· component can always be calculated from other properties of its ·owner·.  Fundamental facets are not required for schema processing, but some applications use them.

4.2.1 ordered

Some datatypes have a nontrivial order relation associated with their value spaces (see Order (§2.2.3)).  (There is always a trivial partial ordering wherein every value pair that is not equal is incomparable, which could be associated with any value space.)  The ordered facet value is a "near-boolean": one of false, partial, and total, as prescribed in Fundamental Facets (§F.1) for ·primitive· datatypes; all ·derived· datatypes inherit this value without change.  The value for a ·list· is always false and the value for a ·union· is computed as described below.

A false value means no order is prescribed; a total value assures that the prescribed order is a total order; a partial value means that the prescribed order is a partial order, but not (for the primitive type in question) a total order. Derivation of new datatypes from datatypes with partial orders may impose constraints which make the effective ordering either a trivial order or a non-trivial total order, but the value of the ordered facet is not changed to reflect this.

[Definition:]  A ·value space·, and hence a datatype, is said to be ordered if this specification prescribes a non-trivial order for that ·value space·.

Note: Some of the "real-world" datatypes which are the basis for those defined herein are ordered in some applications, even though no order is prescribed for schema-processing purposes.  For example, boolean is sometimes ordered, and string and ·list· datatypes ·constructed· from ordered ·atomic· datatypes are sometimes given "lexical" orderings.  They are not ordered for schema-processing purposes.
4.2.1.1 The ordered Schema Component

{value} depends on the ·owner's· {variety}, {facets}, and {member type definitions}.

The appropriate case among the following must be true:
1 If the ·owner's· {variety} is atomic, then the appropriate case among the following must be true:
1.1 If the ·owner· is ·primitive·, then {value} is as specified in the table in Fundamental Facets (§F.1).
2 If the ·owner's· {variety} is list, then {value} is false.
3 otherwise the ·owner's· {variety} is union; the appropriate case among the following must be true:
3.1 If every member of the ·owner's· {member type definitions} has {variety} atomic and has the same {primitive type definition}, then {value} is the same as the ordered component's {value} in that primitive type definition's {fundamental facets}.
3.2 If each member of the ·owner's· {member type definitions} has an ordered component in its {fundamental facets} whose {value} is false, then {value} is false.
3.3 otherwise {value} is partial.

4.2.2 bounded

Some ordered datatypes have the property that there is one value greater than or equal to every other value, and another that less than or equal to every other value.  (In the case of derived datatypes, these two values are not necessarily in the value space of the derived datatype, but they must be in the value space of the primitive datatype from which they have been derived.) The bounded facet value is boolean and is generally true for such bounded datatypes.  However, it will remain false when the mechanism for imposing such a bound is difficult to detect, as, for example, when the boundedness occurs because of derivation using a pattern component.

4.2.2.1 The bounded Schema Component

{value} depends on the ·owner's· {variety}, {facets} and {member type definitions}.

When the ·owner· is ·primitive·, {value} is as specified in the table in Fundamental Facets (§F.1).  Otherwise, when the ·owner's· {variety} is atomic, if one of minInclusive or minExclusive and one of maxInclusive or maxExclusive are members of the ·owner's· {facets} set, then {value} is true; otherwise {value} is false.

When the ·owner's· {variety} is list, {value} is false.

When the ·owner's· {variety} is union, if {value} is true for every member of the ·owner's· {member type definitions} set and all of these share a common ancestor, then {value} is true; otherwise {value} is false.

4.2.3 cardinality

Every value space has a specific number of members.  This number can be characterized as finite or infinite.  (Currently there are no datatypes with infinite value spaces larger than countable.)  The cardinality facet value is either finite or countably infinite and is generally finite for datatypes with finite value spaces.  However, it will remain countably infinite when the mechanism for causing finiteness is difficult to detect, as, for example, when finiteness occurs because of a derivation using a pattern component.

4.2.3.1 The cardinality Schema Component

{value} depends on the ·owner's· {variety}, {facets}, and {member type definitions}.

When the ·owner· is ·primitive·, {value} is as specified in the table in Fundamental Facets (§F.1).  Otherwise, when the ·owner's· {variety} is atomic, {value} is countably infinite unless any of the following conditions are true, in which case {value} is finite:

  1. the ·owner's· {base type definition}'s cardinality {value} is finite,
  2. at least one of length, maxLength, or totalDigits is a member of the ·owner's· {facets} set,
  3. all of the following are true:
    1. one of minInclusive or minExclusive is a member of the ·owner's· {facets} set
    2. one of maxInclusive or maxExclusive is a member of the ·owner's· {facets} set
    3. either of the following are true:
      1. fractionDigits is a member of the ·owner's· {facets} set
      2. {primitive type definition} is one of date, gYearMonth, gYear, gMonthDay, gDay or gMonth

When {variety} is list, if length or both minLength and maxLength are members of the ·owner's· {facets} set and the ·owner's· {item type definition}'s cardinality {value} is finite then {value} is finite; otherwise {value} is countably infinite.

When the ·owner's· {variety} is union, if cardinality's {value} is finite for every member of the ·owner's· {member type definitions} set then {value} is finite, otherwise {value} is countably infinite.

previous sub-section next sub-section4.3 Constraining Facets

        4.3.1 length
        4.3.2 minLength
        4.3.3 maxLength
        4.3.4 pattern
        4.3.5 enumeration
        4.3.6 whiteSpace
        4.3.7 maxInclusive
        4.3.8 maxExclusive
        4.3.9 minExclusive
        4.3.10 minInclusive
        4.3.11 totalDigits
        4.3.12 fractionDigits
        4.3.13 maxScale
        4.3.14 minScale
        4.3.15 lexicalMappings

[Definition:]  Constraining facets are schema components whose values may be set or changed during ·derivation· (subject to facet-specific controls) to control various aspects of the derived datatype.  For example, whiteSpace is a ·constraining facet··Constraining facets· are given a value as part of the ·derivation· defining a ·derived· datatype; a few ·constraining facets· have default values that are also provided for ·primitive· datatypes.

Note: Schema components are identified by kind.  "Constraining" is not a kind of component.  Each kind of ·constraining facet· ("whiteSpace", "length", etc.) is a separate kind of schema component.

4.3.1 length

Issue (RQ-147bi):RQ-147b (phase out length facet)

The WG is considering the ramifications of removing the length constraining facet, letting the schema document elements that currently set that facet set both minLength and maxLength instead.

[Definition:]   length is the number of units of length, where units of length varies depending on the type that is being ·derived· from. The value of length ·must· be a nonNegativeInteger.

For string and datatypes ·derived· from string, length is measured in units of characters as defined in [XML]. For anyURI, length is measured in units of characters (as for string). For hexBinary and base64Binary and datatypes ·derived· from them, length is measured in octets (8 bits) of binary data. For datatypes ·derived· by ·list·, length is measured in number of list items.

Note:  For string and datatypes ·derived· from string, length will not always coincide with "string length" as perceived by some users or with the number of storage units in some digital representation. Therefore, care should be taken when specifying a value for length and in attempting to infer storage requirements from a given value for length.

·length· provides for:

Example
The following is the definition of a ·user-derived· datatype to represent product codes which must be exactly 8 characters in length.  By fixing the value of the length facet we ensure that types derived from productCode can change or set the values of other facets, such as pattern, but cannot change the length.
<simpleType name='productCode'>
   <restriction base='string'>
     <length value='8' fixed='true'/>
   </restriction>
</simpleType>
4.3.1.2 XML Representation of length Schema Components

The XML representation for a length schema component is a <length> element information item. The correspondences between the properties of the information item and properties of the component are as follows:

XML Representation Summarylength Element Information Item

<length
  fixed = boolean : false
  id = ID
  value = nonNegativeInteger
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?)
</length>

length Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{value} The actual value of the value [attribute]
{fixed} The actual value of the fixed [attribute], if present, otherwise false
{annotations} The annotations corresponding to all the <annotation> element information items in the [children], if any.
4.3.1.3 length Validation Rules
Validation Rule: Length Valid
A value in a ·value space· is facet-valid with respect to ·length· if and only if:
1 if the {variety} is ·atomic· then
1.1 if {primitive type definition} is string or anyURI, then the length of the value, as measured in characters ·must· be equal to {value};
1.2 if {primitive type definition} is hexBinary or base64Binary, then the length of the value, as measured in octets of the binary data, ·must· be equal to {value};
1.3 if {primitive type definition} is QName or NOTATION, then any {value} is facet-valid.
2 if the {variety} is ·list·, then the length of the value, as measured in list items, ·must· be equal to {value}

The use of ·length· on datatypes ·derived· from QName and NOTATION is deprecated.  Future versions of this specification may remove this facet for these datatypes.

4.3.1.4 Constraints on length Schema Components
Schema Component Constraint: length and minLength or maxLength
If length is a member of {facets} then
1 It is an error for minLength to be a member of {facets} unless
1.1 the {value} of minLength <= the {value} of length and
1.2 there is type definition from which this one is derived by one or more restriction steps in which minLength has the same {value} and length is not specified.
2 It is an error for maxLength to be a member of {facets} unless
2.1 the {value} of length <= the {value} of maxLength and
2.2 there is type definition from which this one is derived by one or more restriction steps in which maxLength has the same {value} and length is not specified.

4.3.2 minLength

[Definition:]   minLength is the minimum number of units of length, where units of length varies depending on the type that is being ·derived· from. The value of minLength  ·must· be a nonNegativeInteger.

For string and datatypes ·derived· from string, minLength is measured in units of characters as defined in [XML]. For hexBinary and base64Binary and datatypes ·derived· from them, minLength is measured in octets (8 bits) of binary data. For datatypes ·derived· by ·list·, minLength is measured in number of list items.

Note:  For string and datatypes ·derived· from string, minLength will not always coincide with "string length" as perceived by some users or with the number of storage units in some digital representation. Therefore, care should be taken when specifying a value for minLength and in attempting to infer storage requirements from a given value for minLength.

·minLength· provides for:

Example
The following is the definition of a ·user-derived· datatype which requires strings to have at least one character (i.e., the empty string is not in the ·value space· of this datatype).
<simpleType name='non-empty-string'>
  <restriction base='string'>
    <minLength value='1'/>
  </restriction>
</simpleType>
4.3.2.2 XML Representation of minLength Schema Component

The XML representation for a minLength schema component is a <minLength> element information item. The correspondences between the properties of the information item and properties of the component are as follows:

XML Representation SummaryminLength Element Information Item

<minLength
  fixed = boolean : false
  id = ID
  value = nonNegativeInteger
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?)
</minLength>

minLength Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{value} The actual value of the value [attribute]
{fixed} The actual value of the fixed [attribute], if present, otherwise false
{annotations} The annotations corresponding to all the <annotation> element information items in the [children], if any.
4.3.2.3 minLength Validation Rules
Validation Rule: minLength Valid
A value in a ·value space· is facet-valid with respect to ·minLength·, determined as follows:
1 if the {variety} is ·atomic· then
1.1 if {primitive type definition} is string or anyURI, then the length of the value, as measured in characters ·must· be greater than or equal to {value};
1.2 if {primitive type definition} is hexBinary or base64Binary, then the length of the value, as measured in octets of the binary data, ·must· be greater than or equal to {value};
1.3 if {primitive type definition} is QName or NOTATION, then any {value} is facet-valid.
2 if the {variety} is ·list·, then the length of the value, as measured in list items, ·must· be greater than or equal to {value}

The use of ·minLength· on datatypes ·derived· from QName and NOTATION is deprecated.  Future versions of this specification may remove this facet for these datatypes.

4.3.3 maxLength

[Definition:]   maxLength is the maximum number of units of length, where units of length varies depending on the type that is being ·derived· from. The value of maxLength  ·must· be a nonNegativeInteger.

For string and datatypes ·derived· from string, maxLength is measured in units of characters as defined in [XML]. For hexBinary and base64Binary and datatypes ·derived· from them, maxLength is measured in octets (8 bits) of binary data. For datatypes ·derived· by ·list·, maxLength is measured in number of list items.

Note:  For string and datatypes ·derived· from string, maxLength will not always coincide with "string length" as perceived by some users or with the number of storage units in some digital representation. Therefore, care should be taken when specifying a value for maxLength and in attempting to infer storage requirements from a given value for maxLength.

·maxLength· provides for:

Example
The following is the definition of a ·user-derived· datatype which might be used to accept form input with an upper limit to the number of characters that are acceptable.
<simpleType name='form-input'>
  <restriction base='string'>
    <maxLength value='50'/>
  </restriction>
</simpleType>
4.3.3.2 XML Representation of maxLength Schema Components

The XML representation for a maxLength schema component is a <maxLength> element information item. The correspondences between the properties of the information item and properties of the component are as follows:

XML Representation SummarymaxLength Element Information Item

<maxLength
  fixed = boolean : false
  id = ID
  value = nonNegativeInteger
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?)
</maxLength>

maxLength Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{value} The actual value of the value [attribute]
{fixed} The actual value of the fixed [attribute], if present, otherwise false
{annotations} The annotations corresponding to all the <annotation> element information items in the [children], if any.
4.3.3.3 maxLength Validation Rules
Validation Rule: maxLength Valid
A value in a ·value space· is facet-valid with respect to ·maxLength·, determined as follows:
1 if the {variety} is ·atomic· then
1.1 if {primitive type definition} is string or anyURI, then the length of the value, as measured in characters ·must· be less than or equal to {value};
1.2 if {primitive type definition} is hexBinary or base64Binary, then the length of the value, as measured in octets of the binary data, ·must· be less than or equal to {value};
1.3 if {primitive type definition} is QName or NOTATION, then any {value} is facet-valid.
2 if the {variety} is ·list·, then the length of the value, as measured in list items, ·must· be less than or equal to {value}

The use of ·maxLength· on datatypes ·derived· from QName and NOTATION is deprecated.  Future versions of this specification may remove this facet for these datatypes.

4.3.4 pattern

[Definition:]   pattern is a constraint on the ·value space· of a datatype which is achieved by constraining the ·lexical space· to literals which match a specific pattern.  The value of pattern  ·must· be a ·regular expression·.

·pattern· provides for:

Example
The following is the definition of a ·user-derived· datatype which is a better representation of postal codes in the United States, by limiting strings to those which are matched by a specific ·regular expression·.
<simpleType name='better-us-zipcode'>
  <restriction base='string'>
    <pattern value='[0-9]{5}(-[0-9]{4})?'/>
  </restriction>
</simpleType>
4.3.4.2 XML Representation of pattern Schema Components

The XML representation for a pattern schema component is a <pattern> element information item. The correspondences between the properties of the information item and properties of the component are as follows:

XML Representation Summarypattern Element Information Item

<pattern
  id = ID
  value = string
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?)
</pattern>

pattern Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{value} The actual value of the value [attribute]
{annotations} The annotations corresponding to all the <annotation> element information items in the [children], if any.
4.3.4.3 Constraints on XML Representation of pattern
Schema Representation Constraint: Multiple patterns
If multiple <pattern> element information items appear as [children] of a <simpleType>, the normalized values should be combined as if they appeared in a single ·regular expression· as separate ·branch·es.
Note:  It is a consequence of the schema representation constraint Multiple patterns (§4.3.4.3) and of the rules for ·restriction· that ·pattern· facets specified on the same step in a type derivation are ORed together, while ·pattern· facets specified on different steps of a type derivation are ANDed together.

Thus, to impose two ·pattern· constraints simultaneously, schema authors may either write a single ·pattern· which expresses the intersection of the two ·pattern·s they wish to impose, or define each ·pattern· on a separate type derivation step.

4.3.4.4 pattern Validation Rules
Validation Rule: pattern valid
A literal in a ·lexical space· is facet-valid with respect to ·pattern· if and only if:
1 the literal is among the set of character sequences denoted by the ·regular expression· specified in {value}.

4.3.5 enumeration

[Definition:]   enumeration constrains the ·value space· to a specified set of values.

enumeration does not impose an order relation on the ·value space· it creates; the value of the ·ordered· property of the ·derived· datatype remains that of the datatype from which it is ·derived·.

·enumeration· provides for:

Example
The following example is a datatype definition for a ·user-derived· datatype which limits the values of dates to the three US holidays enumerated. This datatype definition would appear in a schema authored by an "end-user" and shows how to define a datatype by enumerating the values in its ·value space·.  The enumerated values must be type-valid literals for the ·base type·.
<simpleType name='holidays'>
    <annotation>
        <documentation>some US holidays</documentation>
    </annotation>
    <restriction base='gMonthDay'>
      <enumeration value='--01-01'>
        <annotation>
            <documentation>New Year's day</documentation>
        </annotation>
      </enumeration>
      <enumeration value='--07-04'>
        <annotation>
            <documentation>4th of July</documentation>
        </annotation>
      </enumeration>
      <enumeration value='--12-25'>
        <annotation>
            <documentation>Christmas</documentation>
        </annotation>
      </enumeration>
    </restriction>
</simpleType>
4.3.5.2 XML Representation of enumeration Schema Components

The XML representation for an enumeration schema component is an <enumeration> element information item. The correspondences between the properties of the information item and properties of the component are as follows:

XML Representation Summaryenumeration Element Information Item

<enumeration
  id = ID
  value = anySimpleType
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?)
</enumeration>

enumeration Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{value} The actual value of the value [attribute]
{annotations} The annotations corresponding to all the <annotation> element information items in the [children], if any.
4.3.5.4 enumeration Validation Rules
Validation Rule: enumeration valid
A value in a ·value space· is facet-valid with respect to ·enumeration· if and only if the value is one of the values specified in {value}

4.3.6 whiteSpace

[Definition:]   whiteSpace constrains the ·value space· of types ·derived· from string such that the various behaviors specified in Attribute Value Normalization in [XML] are realized.  The value of whiteSpace must be one of {preserve, replace, collapse}.

preserve
No normalization is done, the value is not changed (this is the behavior required by [XML] for element content)
replace
All occurrences of #x9 (tab), #xA (line feed) and #xD (carriage return) are replaced with #x20 (space)
collapse
After the processing implied by replace, contiguous sequences of #x20's are collapsed to a single #x20, and leading and trailing #x20's are removed.
Note:  The notation #xA used here (and elsewhere in this specification) represents the Universal Character Set (UCS) code point hexadecimal A (line feed), which is denoted by U+000A.  This notation is to be distinguished from &#xA;, which is the XML character reference to that same UCS code point.

whiteSpace is applicable to all ·atomic· and ·list· datatypes.  For all ·atomic· datatypes other than string (and types ·derived· by ·restriction· from it) the value of whiteSpace is collapse and cannot be changed by a schema author; for string the value of whiteSpace is preserve; for any type ·derived· by ·restriction· from string the value of whiteSpace can be any of the three legal values.  For all datatypes ·derived· by ·list· the value of whiteSpace is collapse and cannot be changed by a schema author.  For all datatypes ·derived· by ·union·  whiteSpace does not apply directly; however, the normalization behavior of ·union· types is controlled by the value of whiteSpace on that one of the ·memberTypes· against which the ·union· is successfully validated.

Note:  For more information on whiteSpace, see the discussion on white space normalization in Schema Component Details in [XML Schema Part 1: Structures].

·whiteSpace· provides for:

  • Constraining a ·value space· according to the white space normalization rules.
Example
The following example is the datatype definition for the token ·built-in·  ·derived· datatype.
<simpleType name='token'>
    <restriction base='normalizedString'>
      <whiteSpace value='collapse'/>
    </restriction>
</simpleType>
4.3.6.2 XML Representation of whiteSpace Schema Components

The XML representation for a whiteSpace schema component is a <whiteSpace> element information item. The correspondences between the properties of the information item and properties of the component are as follows:

XML Representation SummarywhiteSpace Element Information Item

<whiteSpace
  fixed = boolean : false
  id = ID
  value = (collapse | preserve | replace)
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?)
</whiteSpace>

whiteSpace Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{value} The actual value of the value [attribute]
{fixed} The actual value of the fixed [attribute], if present, otherwise false
{annotations} The annotations corresponding to all the <annotation> element information items in the [children], if any.
4.3.6.4 Constraints on whiteSpace Schema Components
Schema Component Constraint: whiteSpace valid restriction
It is an ·error· if whiteSpace is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and any of the following conditions is true:
1 {value} is replace or preserve and the {value} of the parent whiteSpace is collapse
2 {value} is preserve and the {value} of the parent whiteSpace is replace

4.3.7 maxInclusive

[Definition:]   maxInclusive is the inclusive upper bound of the ·value space· for a datatype with the ·ordered· property.  The value of maxInclusive ·must· be equal to some value in the ·value space· of the ·base type·.

·maxInclusive· provides for:

  • Constraining a ·value space· to values with a specific inclusive upper bound.
Example
The following is the definition of a ·user-derived· datatype which limits values to integers less than or equal to 100, using ·maxInclusive·.
<simpleType name='one-hundred-or-less'>
  <restriction base='integer'>
    <maxInclusive value='100'/>
  </restriction>
</simpleType>
4.3.7.2 XML Representation of maxInclusive Schema Components

The XML representation for a maxInclusive schema component is a <maxInclusive> element information item. The correspondences between the properties of the information item and properties of the component are as follows:

XML Representation SummarymaxInclusive Element Information Item

<maxInclusive
  fixed = boolean : false
  id = ID
  value = anySimpleType
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?)
</maxInclusive>

{value} ·must· be equal to some value in the ·value space· of {base type definition}.
maxInclusive Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{value} The actual value of the value [attribute]
{fixed} The actual value of the fixed [attribute], if present, otherwise false
{annotations} The annotations corresponding to all the <annotation> element information items in the [children], if any.
4.3.7.3 maxInclusive Validation Rules
Validation Rule: maxInclusive Valid
A value in an ·ordered· ·value space· is facet-valid with respect to ·maxInclusive·, determined as follows:
1 if the {value} property of the numeric component in {fundamental facets} is true, then the value ·must· be numerically less than or equal to {value};
2 if the {value} property of the numeric component in {fundamental facets} is false (i.e., {base type definition} is one of the date and time related datatypes), then the value ·must· be chronologically less than or equal to {value};
4.3.7.4 Constraints on maxInclusive Schema Components
Schema Component Constraint: minInclusive <= maxInclusive
It is an ·error· for the value specified for ·minInclusive· to be greater than the value specified for ·maxInclusive· for the same datatype.
Schema Component Constraint: maxInclusive valid restriction
It is an ·error· if any of the following conditions is true:
1 maxInclusive is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and {value} is greater than the {value} of that maxInclusive.
2 maxExclusive is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and {value} is greater than or equal to the {value} of that maxExclusive.
3 minInclusive is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and {value} is less than the {value} of that minInclusive.
4 minExclusive is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and {value} is less than or equal to the {value} of that minExclusive.

4.3.8 maxExclusive

[Definition:]   maxExclusive is the exclusive upper bound of the ·value space· for a datatype with the ·ordered· property.  The value of maxExclusive  ·must· be equal to some value in the ·value space· of the ·base type· or be equal to {value} in {base type definition}.

·maxExclusive· provides for:

  • Constraining a ·value space· to values with a specific exclusive upper bound.
Example
The following is the definition of a ·user-derived· datatype which limits values to integers less than or equal to 100, using ·maxExclusive·.
<simpleType name='less-than-one-hundred-and-one'>
  <restriction base='integer'>
    <maxExclusive value='101'/>
  </restriction>
</simpleType>
Note that the ·value space· of this datatype is identical to the previous one (named 'one-hundred-or-less').
4.3.8.2 XML Representation of maxExclusive Schema Components

The XML representation for a maxExclusive schema component is a <maxExclusive> element information item. The correspondences between the properties of the information item and properties of the component are as follows:

XML Representation SummarymaxExclusive Element Information Item

<maxExclusive
  fixed = boolean : false
  id = ID
  value = anySimpleType
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?)
</maxExclusive>

{value} ·must· be equal to some value in the ·value space· of {base type definition}.
maxExclusive Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{value} The actual value of the value [attribute]
{fixed} The actual value of the fixed [attribute], if present, otherwise false
{annotations} The annotations corresponding to all the <annotation> element information items in the [children], if any.
4.3.8.3 maxExclusive Validation Rules
Validation Rule: maxExclusive Valid
A value in an ·ordered· ·value space· is facet-valid with respect to ·maxExclusive·, determined as follows:
1 if the {value} property of the numeric component in {fundamental facets} is true, then the value ·must· be numerically less than {value};
2 if the {value} property of the numeric component in {fundamental facets} is false (i.e., {base type definition} is one of the date and time related datatypes), then the value ·must· be chronologically less than {value};
4.3.8.4 Constraints on maxExclusive Schema Components
Schema Component Constraint: maxInclusive and maxExclusive
It is an ·error· for both ·maxInclusive· and ·maxExclusive· to be specified in the same derivation step of a datatype definition.
Schema Component Constraint: minExclusive <= maxExclusive
It is an ·error· for the value specified for ·minExclusive· to be greater than the value specified for ·maxExclusive· for the same datatype.
Schema Component Constraint: maxExclusive valid restriction
It is an ·error· if any of the following conditions is true:
1 maxExclusive is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and {value} is greater than the {value} of that maxExclusive.
2 maxInclusive is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and {value} is greater than the {value} of that maxInclusive.
3 minInclusive is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and {value} is less than or equal to the {value} of that minInclusive.
4 minExclusive is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and {value} is less than or equal to the {value} of that minExclusive.

4.3.9 minExclusive

[Definition:]   minExclusive is the exclusive lower bound of the ·value space· for a datatype with the ·ordered· property. The value of minExclusive ·must· be equal to some value in the ·value space· of the ·base type· or be equal to {value} in {base type definition}.

·minExclusive· provides for:

  • Constraining a ·value space· to values with a specific exclusive lower bound.
Example
The following is the definition of a ·user-derived· datatype which limits values to integers greater than or equal to 100, using ·minExclusive·.
<simpleType name='more-than-ninety-nine'>
  <restriction base='integer'>
    <minExclusive value='99'/>
  </restriction>
</simpleType>
Note that the ·value space· of this datatype is identical to the following one (named 'one-hundred-or-more').
4.3.9.2 XML Representation of minExclusive Schema Components

The XML representation for a minExclusive schema component is a <minExclusive> element information item. The correspondences between the properties of the information item and properties of the component are as follows:

XML Representation SummaryminExclusive Element Information Item

<minExclusive
  fixed = boolean : false
  id = ID
  value = anySimpleType
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?)
</minExclusive>

{value} ·must· be equal to some value in the ·value space· of {base type definition}.
minExclusive Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{value} The actual value of the value [attribute]
{fixed} The actual value of the fixed [attribute], if present, otherwise false
{annotations} The annotations corresponding to all the <annotation> element information items in the [children], if any.
4.3.9.3 minExclusive Validation Rules
Validation Rule: minExclusive Valid
A value in an ·ordered· ·value space· is facet-valid with respect to ·minExclusive· if and only if:
1 if the {value} property of the numeric component in {fundamental facets} is true, then the value ·must· be numerically greater than {value};
2 if the {value} property of the numeric component in {fundamental facets} is false (i.e., {base type definition} is one of the date and time related datatypes), then the value ·must· be chronologically greater than {value};
4.3.9.4 Constraints on minExclusive Schema Components
Schema Component Constraint: minExclusive < maxInclusive
It is an ·error· for the value specified for ·minExclusive· to be greater than or equal to the value specified for ·maxInclusive· for the same datatype.
Schema Component Constraint: minExclusive valid restriction
It is an ·error· if any of the following conditions is true:
1 minExclusive is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and {value} is less than the {value} of that minExclusive.
2 maxInclusive is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and {value} is greater the {value} of that maxInclusive.
3 minInclusive is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and {value} is less than the {value} of that minInclusive.
4 maxExclusive is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and {value} is greater than or equal to the {value} of that maxExclusive.

4.3.10 minInclusive

[Definition:]   minInclusive is the inclusive lower bound of the ·value space· for a datatype with the ·ordered· property.  The value of minInclusive  ·must· be equal to some value in the ·value space· of the ·base type·.

·minInclusive· provides for:

  • Constraining a ·value space· to values with a specific inclusive lower bound.
Example
The following is the definition of a ·user-derived· datatype which limits values to integers greater than or equal to 100, using ·minInclusive·.
<simpleType name='one-hundred-or-more'>
  <restriction base='integer'>
    <minInclusive value='100'/>
  </restriction>
</simpleType>
4.3.10.2 XML Representation of minInclusive Schema Components

The XML representation for a minInclusive schema component is a <minInclusive> element information item. The correspondences between the properties of the information item and properties of the component are as follows:

XML Representation SummaryminInclusive Element Information Item

<minInclusive
  fixed = boolean : false
  id = ID
  value = anySimpleType
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?)
</minInclusive>

{value} ·must· be equal to some value in the ·value space· of {base type definition}.
minInclusive Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{value} The actual value of the value [attribute]
{fixed} The actual value of the fixed [attribute], if present, otherwise false
{annotations} The annotations corresponding to all the <annotation> element information items in the [children], if any.
4.3.10.3 minInclusive Validation Rules
Validation Rule: minInclusive Valid
A value in an ·ordered· ·value space· is facet-valid with respect to ·minInclusive· if and only if:
1 if the {value} property of the numeric component in {fundamental facets} is true, then the value ·must· be numerically greater than or equal to {value};
2 if the {value} property of the numeric component in {fundamental facets} is false (i.e., {base type definition} is one of the date and time related datatypes), then the value ·must· be chronologically greater than or equal to {value};
4.3.10.4 Constraints on minInclusive Schema Components
Schema Component Constraint: minInclusive < maxExclusive
It is an ·error· for the value specified for ·minInclusive· to be greater than or equal to the value specified for ·maxExclusive· for the same datatype.
Schema Component Constraint: minInclusive valid restriction
It is an ·error· if any of the following conditions is true:
1 minInclusive is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and {value} is less than the {value} of that minInclusive.
2 maxInclusive is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and {value} is greater the {value} of that maxInclusive.
3 minExclusive is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and {value} is less than or equal to the {value} of that minExclusive.
4 maxExclusive is among the members of {facets} of {base type definition} and {value} is greater than or equal to the {value} of that maxExclusive.

4.3.11 totalDigits

[Definition:]   totalDigits restricts the magnitude and ·arithmetic precision· of values in the ·value spaces· of pDecimal and decimal and datatypes derived from them. The effect must be described separately for the two primitive types.

For decimal, if the {value} of totalDigits is t, the effect is to require that values be equal to i / 10n, for some integers i and n, with | i | < 10t and 0 ≤ n ≤ t. This has as a consequence that the values are expressible using at most t digits in decimal notation.

For pDecimal, values with ·numericalValue· of nV and ·arithmeticPrecision· of aP, if the {value} of totalDigits is t, the effect is to require that (aP + 1 + log10(| nV |) ·div· 1) ≤ t, for values other than zero, NaN, and the infinities. This means in effect that values are expressible in scientific notation using at most t digits for the coefficient.

The {value} of totalDigits must be a positiveInteger.

The term 'totalDigits' is chosen to reflect the fact that it restricts the ·value space· to those values that can be represented lexically using at most totalDigits digits in decimal notation, or at most totalDigits digits for the coefficient, in scientific notation.  Note that it does not restrict the ·lexical space· directly; a lexical representation that adds non-significant leading or trailing zero digits is still permitted. It also has no effect on the values NaN, INF, and -INF.

4.3.11.2 XML Representation of totalDigits Schema Components

The XML representation for a totalDigits schema component is a <totalDigits> element information item. The correspondences between the properties of the information item and properties of the component are as follows:

XML Representation SummarytotalDigits Element Information Item

<totalDigits
  fixed = boolean : false
  id = ID
  value = positiveInteger
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?)
</totalDigits>

totalDigits Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{value} The actual value of the value [attribute]
{fixed} The actual value of the fixed [attribute], if present, otherwise false
{annotations} The annotations corresponding to all the <annotation> element information items in the [children], if any.
4.3.11.3 totalDigits Validation Rules
Validation Rule: totalDigits Valid
A value v is facet-valid with respect to a totalDigits facet with a {value} of t if and only if one of the following is true:
1 v is a pDecimal value with ·numericalValue· of positiveInfinity, negativeInfinity, notANumber, or zero.
2 v is a pDecimal value with ·numericalValue· of nV and ·arithmeticPrecision· of aP, and is not NaN, INF, -INF, or zero, and (aP + 1 + log10(| nV |) ·div· 1) ≤ t.
3 v is a decimal value equal to i / 10n, for some integers i and n, with | i | < 10t and 0 ≤ n ≤ t.

4.3.12 fractionDigits

[Definition:]   fractionDigits places an upper limit on the ·arithmetic precision· of decimal values: if the {value} of fractionDigits = f, then the value space is restricted to values equal to i / 10n for some integers i and n and 0 ≤ nf. The value of fractionDigits ·must· be a nonNegativeInteger

The term fractionDigits is chosen to reflect the fact that it restricts the ·value space· to those values that can be represented lexically in decimal notation using at most fractionDigits to the right of the decimal point. Note that it does not restrict the ·lexical space· directly; a lexical representation that adds non-significant leading or trailing zero digits is still permitted.

Example
The following is the definition of a ·user-derived· datatype which could be used to represent the magnitude of a person's body temperature on the Celsius scale. This definition would appear in a schema authored by an "end-user" and shows how to define a datatype by specifying facet values which constrain the range of the ·base type·.
<simpleType name='celsiusBodyTemp'>
  <restriction base='decimal'>
    <totalDigits value='4'/>
    <fractionDigits value='1'/>
    <minInclusive value='36.4'/>
    <maxInclusive value='40.5'/>
  </restriction>
</simpleType>
4.3.12.2 XML Representation of fractionDigits Schema Components

The XML representation for a fractionDigits schema component is a <fractionDigits> element information item. The correspondences between the properties of the information item and properties of the component are as follows:

XML Representation SummaryfractionDigits Element Information Item

<fractionDigits
  fixed = boolean : false
  id = ID
  value = nonNegativeInteger
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?)
</fractionDigits>

fractionDigits Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{value} The actual value of the value [attribute]
{fixed} The actual value of the fixed [attribute], if present, otherwise false
{annotations} The annotations corresponding to all the <annotation> element information items in the [children], if any.

4.3.13 maxScale

[Definition:]   maxScale places an upper limit on the ·arithmetic precision· of pDecimal values: if the {value} of maxScale = m, then only values with ·arithmeticPrecision·m are retained in the ·value space·. As a consequence, every value in the value space will have ·numericalValue· equal to i / 10n for some integers i and n, with nm. The {value} of maxScale must be an integer. If it is negative, the numeric values of the datatype are restricted to multiples of 10 (or 100, or …).

The term 'maxScale' is chosen to reflect the fact that it restricts the ·value space· to those values that can be represented lexically in scientific notation using an integer coefficient and a scale (or negative exponent) no greater than maxScale. (It has nothing to do with the use of the term 'scale' to denote the radix or base of a notation.) Note that maxScale does not restrict the ·lexical space· directly; a lexical representation that adds non-significant leading or trailing zero digits, or that uses a lower exponent with a non-integer coefficient is still permitted.

Example
The following is the definition of a user-defined datatype which could be used to represent a floating-point decimal datatype which allows seven decimal digits for the coefficient and exponents between –95 and 96. Note that the scale is –1 times the exponent.
<simpleType name='decimal32'>
  <restriction base='pDecimal'>
    <totalDigits value='7'/>
    <maxScale value='95'/>
    <minScale value='-96'/>
  </restriction>
</simpleType>
4.3.13.2 XML Representation of maxScale Schema Components

The XML representation for a maxScale schema component is a <maxScale> element information item. The correspondences between the properties of the information item and properties of the component are as follows:

XML Representation SummarymaxScale Element Information Item

<maxScale
  fixed = boolean : false
  id = ID
  value = integer
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?)
</maxScale>

maxScale Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{value} The actual value of the value [attribute]
{fixed} The actual value of the fixed [attribute], if present, otherwise false
{annotations} The annotations corresponding to all the <annotation> element information items in the [children], if any.
4.3.13.3 maxScale Validation Rules
Validation Rule: maxScale Valid
A pDecimal value v is facet-valid with respect to maxScale if and only if one of the following is true:
1 v has ·arithmeticPrecision· less than or equal to the {value} of maxScale.
2 The ·arithmeticPrecision· of v is absent.

4.3.14 minScale

[Definition:]   minScale places a lower limit on the ·arithmetic precision· of pDecimal values. If the {value} of minScale is m, then the value space is restricted to values with ·arithmeticPrecision·m. As a consequence, every value in the value space will have ·numericalValue· equal to i / 10n for some integers i and n, with nm.

The term minScale is chosen to reflect the fact that it restricts the ·value space· to those values that can be represented lexically in exponential form using an integer coefficient and a scale (negative exponent) at least as large as minScale. Note that it does not restrict the ·lexical space· directly; a lexical representation that adds additional leading zero digits, or that uses a larger exponent (and a correspondingly smaller coefficient) is still permitted.

Example
The following is the definition of a user-defined datatype which could be used to represent amounts in a decimal currency; it corresponds to a SQL column definition of DECIMAL(8,2). The effect is to allow values between -999,999.99 and 999,999.99, with a fixed interval of 0.01 between values.
<simpleType name='price'>
  <restriction base='pDecimal'>
    <totalDigits value='8'/>
    <minScale value='2'/>
    <maxScale value='2'/>
  </restriction>
</simpleType>
4.3.14.2 XML Representation of minScale Schema Components

The XML representation for a minScale schema component is a <minScale> element information item. The correspondences between the properties of the information item and properties of the component are as follows:

XML Representation SummaryminScale Element Information Item

<minScale
  fixed = boolean : false
  id = ID
  value = integer
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?)
</minScale>

minScale Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{value} The actual value of the value [attribute]
{fixed} The actual value of the fixed [attribute], if present, otherwise false
{annotations} The annotations corresponding to all the <annotation> element information items in the [children], if any.
4.3.14.3 minScale Validation Rules
Validation Rule: minScale Valid
A pDecimal value v is facet-valid with respect to minScale if and only if one of the following is true:
1 v has ·arithmeticPrecision· greater than or equal to the {value} of minScale.
2 The ·arithmeticPrecision· of v is absent.

4.3.15 lexicalMappings

Note: The lexicalMappings facet is new; like the datatype pDecimal, it has been added in version 1.1 of this specification. The XML Schema Working Group is interested in feedback from users, schema authors, and software developers on whether it is useful and should be retained, or not.

It has been suggested that the lexicalMappings facet be made applicable also to other numeric types (decimal, float, double, and datatypes derived from them); the Working Group is also interested in hearing the community's views on this question.

[Definition:]  The lexicalMappings facet restricts the ·lexical mapping· of pDecimal datatypes in a controlled way. When the lexical space is constrained using pattern facets, it is possible to produce datatypes for which some values have no canonical lexical representations in the lexical space; when the lexicalMappings facet is used, the ·canonical mapping· is automatically adjusted appropriately.

The ·lexicalMappings· facet does not restrict the ·value space· directly; but if scientific is not among the constants in the value, then the ·value space· may be diminished. For example, some pDecimal values have ·lexical representations· only in scientific notation. If nodecimal is the only constant present then only integer values with a ·arithmeticPrecision· of zero have ·lexical representations· and are hence in the ·value space·.

A pDecimal value v can be serialized successfully for a datatype constrained by lexicalMappings if any of the following are true:

4.3.15.2 XML Representation of lexicalMappings Schema Components

The XML representation for a lexicalMappings schema component is a <lexicalMappings> element information item. The correspondences between the properties of the information item and properties of the component are as follows:

XML Representation SummarylexicalMappings Element Information Item

<lexicalMappings
  fixed = boolean : false
  id = ID
  value = List of (nodecimal | decimal | scientific)
  {any attributes with non-schema namespace . . .}>
  Content: (annotation?)
</lexicalMappings>

lexicalMappings Schema Component
PropertyRepresentation
{value} The set of constants named in the list which is the actual value of the value [attribute]
{fixed} The actual value of the fixed [attribute], if present, otherwise false
{annotations} The annotations corresponding to all the <annotation> element information items in the [children], if any.
4.3.15.3 lexicalMappings Validation Rules
Validation Rule: Lexical Representation Valid against lexicalMappings facet
A ·lexical representation· L is facet-valid with respect to lexicalMappings if and only if any one of the following is true:
4.3.15.5 lexicalMappings Schema Component Inheritance

If during a ·derivation· a new lexicalMappings is not prescribed, the newSimple Type Definition's lexicalMappings has the same property values as the parent's lexicalMappings.  In any case, there is exactly one lexicalMappings facet in the {facets} set of each Simple Type Definition ·derived· from pDecimal.

5 Conformance

This specification describes two levels of conformance for datatype processors.  The first is required of all processors.  Support for the other will depend on the application environments for which the processor is intended.

[Definition:]   Minimally conforming processors ·must· completely and correctly implement the ·Constraint on Schemas· and ·Validation Rule· .

[Definition:]   Processors which accept schemas in the form of XML documents as described in XML Representation of Simple Type Definition Schema Components (§4.1.2) (and other relevant portions of Datatype components (§4)) are additionally said to provide conformance to the XML Representation of Schemas, and ·must·, when processing schema documents, completely and correctly implement all ·Schema Representation Constraint·s in this specification, and ·must· adhere exactly to the specifications in XML Representation of Simple Type Definition Schema Components (§4.1.2) (and other relevant portions of Datatype components (§4)) for mapping the contents of such documents to schema components for use in validation.

Note:  By separating the conformance requirements relating to the concrete syntax of XML schema documents, this specification admits processors which validate using schemas stored in optimized binary representations, dynamically created schemas represented as programming language data structures, or implementations in which particular schemas are compiled into executable code such as C or Java.  Such processors can be said to be ·minimally conforming· but not necessarily in ·conformance to the XML Representation of Schemas·.

A Schema for Datatype Definitions (normative)

<!DOCTYPE xs:schema PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XMLSCHEMA 200102//EN" "XMLSchema.dtd" [

<!--
     keep this schema XML1.0 DTD valid
  -->
        <!ENTITY % schemaAttrs 'xmlns:hfp CDATA #IMPLIED'>

        <!ELEMENT hfp:hasFacet EMPTY>
        <!ATTLIST hfp:hasFacet
                name  NMTOKENS #REQUIRED>

        <!ELEMENT hfp:hasProperty EMPTY>
        <!ATTLIST hfp:hasProperty
                name NMTOKEN #REQUIRED
                value CDATA #REQUIRED>
<!--
        Make sure that processors that do not read the external
        subset will know about the various IDs we declare
  -->
        <!ATTLIST xs:simpleType id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:maxExclusive id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:minExclusive id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:maxInclusive id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:minInclusive id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:totalDigits id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:fractionDigits id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:maxScale id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:minScale id ID #IMPLIED>
<!--*
        <!ATTLIST xs:minFractionDigits id ID #IMPLIED>
*-->
        <!ATTLIST xs:length id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:minLength id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:maxLength id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:enumeration id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:pattern id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:lexicalMappings id ID #IMPLIED>
<!--* 
        <!ATTLIST xs:precision id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:specials id ID #IMPLIED>
*-->
        <!ATTLIST xs:appinfo id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:documentation id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:list id ID #IMPLIED>
        <!ATTLIST xs:union id ID #IMPLIED>
        ]>

<?xml version='1.0'?>
<xs:schema  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
           xmlns:hfp="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-hasFacetAndProperty"
           blockDefault="#all" elementFormDefault="qualified" xml:lang="en"
           targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
           version="Id: datatypes.xsd,v  1.4.2.10 2005/01/31 20:42:46 ht Exp ">
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:documentation source="../datatypes/datatypes.html">
      The schema corresponding to this document is normative,
      with respect to the syntactic constraints it expresses in the
      XML Schema language.  The documentation (within &lt;documentation>
      elements) below, is not normative, but rather highlights important
      aspects of the W3C Recommendation of which this is a part
    </xs:documentation>
  </xs:annotation>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:documentation>
      First the built-in primitive datatypes.  These definitions are for
      information only, the real built-in definitions are magic.
    </xs:documentation>
    <xs:documentation>
      For each built-in datatype in this schema (both primitive and
      derived) can be uniquely addressed via a URI constructed
      as follows:
        1) the base URI is the URI of the XML Schema namespace
        2) the fragment identifier is the name of the datatype

      For example, to address the int datatype, the URI is:

        http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int

      Additionally, each facet definition element can be uniquely
      addressed via a URI constructed as follows:
        1) the base URI is the URI of the XML Schema namespace
        2) the fragment identifier is the name of the facet

      For example, to address the maxInclusive facet, the URI is:

        http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#maxInclusive

      Additionally, each facet usage in a built-in datatype definition
      can be uniquely addressed via a URI constructed as follows:
        1) the base URI is the URI of the XML Schema namespace
        2) the fragment identifier is the name of the datatype, followed
           by a period (".") followed by the name of the facet

      For example, to address the usage of the maxInclusive facet in
      the definition of int, the URI is:

        http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int.maxInclusive

    </xs:documentation>
  </xs:annotation>
  <xs:simpleType name="string" id="string">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="length"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#string"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace value="preserve" id="string.preserve"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="boolean" id="boolean">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="finite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#boolean"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="boolean.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="float" id="float">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="partial"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="true"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="finite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="true"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#float"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="float.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="double" id="double">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="partial"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="true"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="finite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="true"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#double"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="double.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="decimal" id="decimal">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="totalDigits"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="fractionDigits"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="total"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="true"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#decimal"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="decimal.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="pDecimal" id="pDecimal">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="totalDigits"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxScale"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minScale"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="lexicalMappings"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="partial"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="true"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#pDecimal"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="pDecimal.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="duration" id="duration">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="partial"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#duration"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="duration.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="dateTime" id="dateTime">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="partial"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="dateTime.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="time" id="time">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="partial"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#time"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="time.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="date" id="date">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="partial"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#date"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="date.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="gYearMonth" id="gYearMonth">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="partial"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#gYearMonth"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="gYearMonth.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="gYear" id="gYear">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="partial"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#gYear"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="gYear.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="gMonthDay" id="gMonthDay">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="partial"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#gMonthDay"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="gMonthDay.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="gDay" id="gDay">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="partial"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#gDay"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="gDay.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="gMonth" id="gMonth">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minInclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minExclusive"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="partial"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#gMonth"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="gMonth.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="hexBinary" id="hexBinary">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="length"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#binary"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="hexBinary.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="base64Binary" id="base64Binary">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="length"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#base64Binary"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="base64Binary.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="anyURI" id="anyURI">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="length"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#anyURI"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="anyURI.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="QName" id="QName">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="length"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#QName"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="QName.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="NOTATION" id="NOTATION">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="length"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NOTATION"/>
      <xs:documentation>
        NOTATION cannot be used directly in a schema; rather a type
        must be derived from it by specifying at least one enumeration
        facet whose value is the name of a NOTATION declared in the
        schema.
      </xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction  base="xs:anyAtomicType">
      <xs:whiteSpace fixed="true" value="collapse" id="NOTATION.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:documentation>
      Now the derived primitive types
    </xs:documentation>
  </xs:annotation>
  <xs:simpleType name="normalizedString" id="normalizedString">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#normalizedString"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
      <xs:whiteSpace value="replace" id="normalizedString.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="token" id="token">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#token"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:normalizedString">
      <xs:whiteSpace value="collapse" id="token.whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="language" id="language">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#language"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:pattern value="[a-zA-Z]{1,8}(-[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,8})*"
                  id="language.pattern">
        <xs:annotation>
          <xs:documentation source="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt">
            pattern specifies the content of section 2.12 of XML 1.0e2
            and RFC 3066 (Revised version of RFC 1766).
          </xs:documentation>
        </xs:annotation>
      </xs:pattern>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="IDREFS" id="IDREFS">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="length"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#IDREFS"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction>
      <xs:simpleType>
        <xs:list itemType="xs:IDREF"/>
      </xs:simpleType>
      <xs:minLength value="1" id="IDREFS.minLength"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="ENTITIES" id="ENTITIES">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="length"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#ENTITIES"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction>
      <xs:simpleType>
        <xs:list itemType="xs:ENTITY"/>
      </xs:simpleType>
      <xs:minLength value="1" id="ENTITIES.minLength"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="NMTOKEN" id="NMTOKEN">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NMTOKEN"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:pattern value="\c+" id="NMTOKEN.pattern">
        <xs:annotation>
          <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-Nmtoken">
            pattern matches production 7 from the XML spec
          </xs:documentation>
        </xs:annotation>
      </xs:pattern>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="NMTOKENS" id="NMTOKENS">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="length"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="minLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="maxLength"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="enumeration"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="whiteSpace"/>
        <hfp:hasFacet name="pattern"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="ordered" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="false"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="countably infinite"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="numeric" value="false"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NMTOKENS"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction>
      <xs:simpleType>
        <xs:list itemType="xs:NMTOKEN"/>
      </xs:simpleType>
      <xs:minLength value="1" id="NMTOKENS.minLength"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="Name" id="Name">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#Name"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:pattern value="\i\c*" id="Name.pattern">
        <xs:annotation>
          <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-Name">
            pattern matches production 5 from the XML spec
          </xs:documentation>
        </xs:annotation>
      </xs:pattern>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="NCName" id="NCName">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#NCName"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:Name">
      <xs:pattern value="[\i-[:]][\c-[:]]*" id="NCName.pattern">
        <xs:annotation>
          <xs:documentation
               source="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#NT-NCName">
            pattern matches production 4 from the Namespaces in XML spec
          </xs:documentation>
        </xs:annotation>
      </xs:pattern>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="ID" id="ID">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#ID"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:NCName"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="IDREF" id="IDREF">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#IDREF"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:NCName"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="ENTITY" id="ENTITY">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#ENTITY"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:NCName"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="integer" id="integer">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#integer"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:decimal">
      
      <xs:lexicalMappings value="nodecimal" id="integer.lexicalMappings"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="nonPositiveInteger" id="nonPositiveInteger">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#nonPositiveInteger"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:integer">
      <xs:maxInclusive value="0" id="nonPositiveInteger.maxInclusive"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="negativeInteger" id="negativeInteger">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#negativeInteger"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:nonPositiveInteger">
      <xs:maxInclusive value="-1" id="negativeInteger.maxInclusive"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="long" id="long">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="true"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="finite"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#long"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:integer">
      <xs:minInclusive value="-9223372036854775808" id="long.minInclusive"/>
      <xs:maxInclusive value="9223372036854775807" id="long.maxInclusive"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="int" id="int">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#int"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:long">
      <xs:minInclusive value="-2147483648" id="int.minInclusive"/>
      <xs:maxInclusive value="2147483647" id="int.maxInclusive"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="short" id="short">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#short"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:int">
      <xs:minInclusive value="-32768" id="short.minInclusive"/>
      <xs:maxInclusive value="32767" id="short.maxInclusive"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="byte" id="byte">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#byte"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:short">
      <xs:minInclusive value="-128" id="byte.minInclusive"/>
      <xs:maxInclusive value="127" id="byte.maxInclusive"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="nonNegativeInteger" id="nonNegativeInteger">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#nonNegativeInteger"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:integer">
      <xs:minInclusive value="0" id="nonNegativeInteger.minInclusive"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="unsignedLong" id="unsignedLong">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="bounded" value="true"/>
        <hfp:hasProperty name="cardinality" value="finite"/>
      </xs:appinfo>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedLong"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:nonNegativeInteger">
      <xs:maxInclusive value="18446744073709551615"
                       id="unsignedLong.maxInclusive"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="unsignedInt" id="unsignedInt">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedInt"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:unsignedLong">
      <xs:maxInclusive value="4294967295" id="unsignedInt.maxInclusive"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="unsignedShort" id="unsignedShort">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedShort"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:unsignedInt">
      <xs:maxInclusive value="65535" id="unsignedShort.maxInclusive"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="unsignedByte" id="unsignedByte">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#unsignedByte"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:unsignedShort">
      <xs:maxInclusive value="255" id="unsignedByte.maxInclusive"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="positiveInteger" id="positiveInteger">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#positiveInteger"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:nonNegativeInteger">
      <xs:minInclusive value="1" id="positiveInteger.minInclusive"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="derivationControl">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>
   A utility type, not for public use</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKEN">
      <xs:enumeration value="substitution"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="extension"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="restriction"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="list"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="union"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:group name="simpleDerivation">
    <xs:choice>
      <xs:element ref="xs:restriction"/>
      <xs:element ref="xs:list"/>
      <xs:element ref="xs:union"/>
    </xs:choice>
  </xs:group>
  <xs:simpleType name="simpleDerivationSet">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>
   #all or (possibly empty) subset of {restriction, union, list}
   </xs:documentation>
      <xs:documentation>
   A utility type, not for public use</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:union>
      <xs:simpleType>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
          <xs:enumeration value="#all"/>
        </xs:restriction>
      </xs:simpleType>
      <xs:simpleType>
        <xs:list>
          <xs:simpleType>
            <xs:restriction base="xs:derivationControl">
              <xs:enumeration value="list"/>
              <xs:enumeration value="union"/>
              <xs:enumeration value="restriction"/>
            </xs:restriction>
          </xs:simpleType>
        </xs:list>
      </xs:simpleType>
    </xs:union>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:complexType name="simpleType" abstract="true">
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:extension base="xs:annotated">
        <xs:group ref="xs:simpleDerivation"/>
        <xs:attribute name="final" type="xs:simpleDerivationSet"/>
        <xs:attribute name="name" type="xs:NCName">
          <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation>
              Can be restricted to required or forbidden
            </xs:documentation>
          </xs:annotation>
        </xs:attribute>
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="topLevelSimpleType">
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:restriction base="xs:simpleType">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element ref="xs:annotation" minOccurs="0"/>
          <xs:group ref="xs:simpleDerivation"/>
        </xs:sequence>
        <xs:attribute name="name" type="xs:NCName" use="required">
          <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation>
              Required at the top level
            </xs:documentation>
          </xs:annotation>
        </xs:attribute>
        <xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
      </xs:restriction>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="localSimpleType">
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:restriction base="xs:simpleType">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element ref="xs:annotation" minOccurs="0"/>
          <xs:group ref="xs:simpleDerivation"/>
        </xs:sequence>
        <xs:attribute name="name" use="prohibited">
          <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation>
              Forbidden when nested
            </xs:documentation>
          </xs:annotation>
        </xs:attribute>
        <xs:attribute name="final" use="prohibited"/>
        <xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
      </xs:restriction>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="simpleType" type="xs:topLevelSimpleType" id="simpleType">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-simpleType"/>
    </xs:annotation>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:group name="facets">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>
       We should use a substitution group for facets, but
       that's ruled out because it would allow users to
       add their own, which we're not ready for yet.
    </xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:choice>
      <xs:element ref="xs:minExclusive"/>
      <xs:element ref="xs:minInclusive"/>
      <xs:element ref="xs:maxExclusive"/>
      <xs:element ref="xs:maxInclusive"/>
      <xs:element ref="xs:totalDigits"/>
      <xs:element ref="xs:fractionDigits"/>
      <xs:element ref="xs:maxScale"/>
      <xs:element ref="xs:minScale"/>
      <xs:element ref="xs:length"/>
      <xs:element ref="xs:minLength"/>
      <xs:element ref="xs:maxLength"/>
      <xs:element ref="xs:enumeration"/>
      <xs:element ref="xs:whiteSpace"/>
      <xs:element ref="xs:pattern"/>
    </xs:choice>
  </xs:group>
  <xs:group name="simpleRestrictionModel">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element name="simpleType" type="xs:localSimpleType" minOccurs="0"/>
      <xs:group ref="xs:facets" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:group>
  <xs:element name="restriction" id="restriction">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:annotation>
        <xs:documentation
             source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-restriction">
          base attribute and simpleType child are mutually
          exclusive, but one or other is required
        </xs:documentation>
      </xs:annotation>
      <xs:complexContent>
        <xs:extension base="xs:annotated">
          <xs:group ref="xs:simpleRestrictionModel"/>
          <xs:attribute name="base" type="xs:QName" use="optional"/>
        </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="list" id="list">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:annotation>
        <xs:documentation
             source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-list">
          itemType attribute and simpleType child are mutually
          exclusive, but one or other is required
        </xs:documentation>
      </xs:annotation>
      <xs:complexContent>
        <xs:extension base="xs:annotated">
          <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="simpleType" type="xs:localSimpleType"
                        minOccurs="0"/>
          </xs:sequence>
          <xs:attribute name="itemType" type="xs:QName" use="optional"/>
        </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="union" id="union">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:annotation>
        <xs:documentation
             source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-union">
          memberTypes attribute must be non-empty or there must be
          at least one simpleType child
        </xs:documentation>
      </xs:annotation>
      <xs:complexContent>
        <xs:extension base="xs:annotated">
          <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="simpleType" type="xs:localSimpleType"
                        minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
          </xs:sequence>
          <xs:attribute name="memberTypes" use="optional">
            <xs:simpleType>
              <xs:list itemType="xs:QName"/>
            </xs:simpleType>
          </xs:attribute>
        </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:complexType name="facet">
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:extension base="xs:annotated">
        <xs:attribute name="value" use="required"/>
        <xs:attribute name="fixed" type="xs:boolean" default="false"
                      use="optional"/>
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="noFixedFacet">
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:restriction base="xs:facet">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element ref="xs:annotation" minOccurs="0"/>
        </xs:sequence>
        <xs:attribute name="fixed" use="prohibited"/>
        <xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
      </xs:restriction>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="minExclusive" type="xs:facet" id="minExclusive">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-minExclusive"/>
    </xs:annotation>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="minInclusive" type="xs:facet" id="minInclusive">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-minInclusive"/>
    </xs:annotation>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="maxExclusive" type="xs:facet" id="maxExclusive">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-maxExclusive"/>
    </xs:annotation>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="maxInclusive" type="xs:facet" id="maxInclusive">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-maxInclusive"/>
    </xs:annotation>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:complexType name="numFacet">
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:restriction base="xs:facet">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element ref="xs:annotation" minOccurs="0"/>
        </xs:sequence>
        <xs:attribute name="value" type="xs:nonNegativeInteger" use="required"/>
        <xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
      </xs:restriction>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="nNNumFacet">
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:restriction base="xs:facet">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element ref="xs:annotation" minOccurs="0"/>
        </xs:sequence>
        <xs:attribute name="value" type="xs:nonNegativeInteger" use="required"/>
        <xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
      </xs:restriction>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="intFacet">
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:restriction base="xs:facet">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element ref="xs:annotation" minOccurs="0"/>
        </xs:sequence>
        <xs:attribute name="value" type="xs:integer" use="required"/>
        <xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
      </xs:restriction>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="boolFacet">
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:restriction base="xs:facet">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element ref="xs:annotation" minOccurs="0"/>
        </xs:sequence>
        <xs:attribute name="value" type="xs:boolean" use="required"/>
        <xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
      </xs:restriction>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="totalDigits" id="totalDigits">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-totalDigits"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:complexContent>
        <xs:restriction  base="xs:nNNumFacet">
          <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element ref="xs:annotation" minOccurs="0"/>
          </xs:sequence>
          <xs:attribute name="value" type="xs:positiveInteger" use="required"/>
          <xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
        </xs:restriction>
      </xs:complexContent>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="fractionDigits" type="xs:numFacet" id="fractionDigits">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-fractionDigits"/>
    </xs:annotation>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="maxScale" type="xs:intFacet" id="maxScale">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-maxScale"/>
    </xs:annotation>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="minScale" type="xs:intFacet" id="minScale">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-minScale"/>
    </xs:annotation>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="length"  type="xs:nNNumFacet" id="length">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-length"/>
    </xs:annotation>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="minLength"  type="xs:nNNumFacet" id="minLength">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-minLength"/>
    </xs:annotation>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="maxLength"  type="xs:nNNumFacet" id="maxLength">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-maxLength"/>
    </xs:annotation>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="enumeration" type="xs:noFixedFacet" id="enumeration">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-enumeration"/>
    </xs:annotation>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="whiteSpace" id="whiteSpace">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-whiteSpace"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:complexContent>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:facet">
          <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element ref="xs:annotation" minOccurs="0"/>
          </xs:sequence>
          <xs:attribute name="value" use="required">
            <xs:simpleType>
              <xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKEN">
                <xs:enumeration value="preserve"/>
                <xs:enumeration value="replace"/>
                <xs:enumeration value="collapse"/>
              </xs:restriction>
            </xs:simpleType>
          </xs:attribute>
          <xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
        </xs:restriction>
      </xs:complexContent>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="lexicalMappings" id="lexicalMappings">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-lexicalMappings"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:complexContent>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:facet">
          <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element ref="xs:annotation" minOccurs="0"/>
          </xs:sequence>
          <xs:attribute name="value" type="xs:lexMapVal" use="required"/>
          <xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
        </xs:restriction>
      </xs:complexContent>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:simpleType name="lexMapVal">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>
   A utility type, not for public use</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:list>
      <xs:simpleType>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKEN">
          <xs:enumeration value="nodecimal"/>
          <xs:enumeration value="decimal"/>
          <xs:enumeration value="scientific"/>
        </xs:restriction>
      </xs:simpleType>
    </xs:list>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:element name="pattern" id="pattern">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation
           source="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#element-pattern"/>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:complexContent>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:noFixedFacet">
          <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element ref="xs:annotation" minOccurs="0"/>
          </xs:sequence>
          <xs:attribute name="value" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
          <xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
        </xs:restriction>
      </xs:complexContent>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
</xs:schema>

B DTD for Datatype Definitions (non-normative)

<!--
        DTD for XML Schemas: Part 2: Datatypes
        Id: datatypes.dtd,v  1.1.2.4 2005/01/31 18:40:42 cmsmcq Exp 
        Note this DTD is NOT normative, or even definitive.
  -->

<!--
        This DTD cannot be used on its own, it is intended
        only for incorporation in XMLSchema.dtd, q.v.
  -->

<!-- Define all the element names, with optional prefix -->
<!ENTITY % simpleType "%p;simpleType">
<!ENTITY % restriction "%p;restriction">
<!ENTITY % list "%p;list">
<!ENTITY % union "%p;union">
<!ENTITY % maxExclusive "%p;maxExclusive">
<!ENTITY % minExclusive "%p;minExclusive">
<!ENTITY % maxInclusive "%p;maxInclusive">
<!ENTITY % minInclusive "%p;minInclusive">
<!ENTITY % totalDigits "%p;totalDigits">
<!ENTITY % fractionDigits "%p;fractionDigits">
<!ENTITY % maxScale "%p;maxScale">
<!ENTITY % minScale "%p;minScale">
<!ENTITY % length "%p;length">
<!ENTITY % minLength "%p;minLength">
<!ENTITY % maxLength "%p;maxLength">
<!ENTITY % lexicalMappings "%p;lexicalMappings">
<!ENTITY % enumeration "%p;enumeration">
<!ENTITY % whiteSpace "%p;whiteSpace">
<!ENTITY % pattern "%p;pattern">

<!--
        Customisation entities for the ATTLIST of each element
        type. Define one of these if your schema takes advantage
        of the anyAttribute='##other' in the schema for schemas
  -->

<!ENTITY % simpleTypeAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % restrictionAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % listAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % unionAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % maxExclusiveAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % minExclusiveAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % maxInclusiveAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % minInclusiveAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % totalDigitsAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % fractionDigitsAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % lengthAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % minLengthAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % maxLengthAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % lexicalMappingsAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % maxScaleAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % minScaleAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % enumerationAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % whiteSpaceAttrs "">
<!ENTITY % patternAttrs "">

<!-- Define some entities for informative use as attribute
        types -->
<!ENTITY % URIref "CDATA">
<!ENTITY % XPathExpr "CDATA">
<!ENTITY % QName "NMTOKEN">
<!ENTITY % QNames "NMTOKENS">
<!ENTITY % NCName "NMTOKEN">
<!ENTITY % nonNegativeInteger "NMTOKEN">
<!ENTITY % boolean "(true|false)">
<!ENTITY % simpleDerivationSet "CDATA">
<!--
        #all or space-separated list drawn from derivationChoice
  -->

<!--
        Note that the use of 'facet' below is less restrictive
        than is really intended:  There should in fact be no
        more than one of each of minInclusive, minExclusive,
        maxInclusive, maxExclusive, totalDigits, fractionDigits,
        length, maxLength, minLength within datatype,
        and the min- and max- variants of Inclusive and Exclusive
        are mutually exclusive. On the other hand,  pattern and
        enumeration may repeat.
  -->
<!ENTITY % minBound "(%minInclusive; | %minExclusive;)">
<!ENTITY % maxBound "(%maxInclusive; | %maxExclusive;)">
<!ENTITY % bounds "%minBound; | %maxBound;">
<!ENTITY % numeric "%totalDigits; |  %fractionDigits; |
%minScale; | %maxScale; | %lexicalMappings; ">
<!ENTITY % ordered "%bounds; | %numeric;">
<!ENTITY % unordered
   "%pattern; | %enumeration; | %whiteSpace; | %length; |
   %maxLength; | %minLength;">
<!ENTITY % facet "%ordered; | %unordered;">
<!ENTITY % facetAttr 
        "value CDATA #REQUIRED
        id ID #IMPLIED">
<!ENTITY % fixedAttr "fixed %boolean; #IMPLIED">
<!ENTITY % facetModel "(%annotation;)?">
<!ELEMENT %simpleType;
        ((%annotation;)?, (%restriction; | %list; | %union;))>
<!ATTLIST %simpleType;
    name      %NCName; #IMPLIED
    final     %simpleDerivationSet; #IMPLIED
    id        ID       #IMPLIED
    %simpleTypeAttrs;>
<!-- name is required at top level -->
<!ELEMENT %restriction; ((%annotation;)?,
                         (%restriction1; |
                          ((%simpleType;)?,(%facet;)*)),
                         (%attrDecls;))>
<!ATTLIST %restriction;
    base      %QName;                  #IMPLIED
    id        ID       #IMPLIED
    %restrictionAttrs;>
<!--
        base and simpleType child are mutually exclusive,
        one is required.

        restriction is shared between simpleType and
        simpleContent and complexContent (in XMLSchema.xsd).
        restriction1 is for the latter cases, when this
        is restricting a complex type, as is attrDecls.
  -->
<!ELEMENT %list; ((%annotation;)?,(%simpleType;)?)>
<!ATTLIST %list;
    itemType      %QName;             #IMPLIED
    id        ID       #IMPLIED
    %listAttrs;>
<!--
        itemType and simpleType child are mutually exclusive,
        one is required
  -->
<!ELEMENT %union; ((%annotation;)?,(%simpleType;)*)>
<!ATTLIST %union;
    id            ID       #IMPLIED
    memberTypes   %QNames;            #IMPLIED
    %unionAttrs;>
<!--
        At least one item in memberTypes or one simpleType
        child is required
  -->

<!ELEMENT %maxExclusive; %facetModel;>
<!ATTLIST %maxExclusive;
        %facetAttr;
        %fixedAttr;
        %maxExclusiveAttrs;>
<!ELEMENT %minExclusive; %facetModel;>
<!ATTLIST %minExclusive;
        %facetAttr;
        %fixedAttr;
        %minExclusiveAttrs;>

<!ELEMENT %maxInclusive; %facetModel;>
<!ATTLIST %maxInclusive;
        %facetAttr;
        %fixedAttr;
        %maxInclusiveAttrs;>
<!ELEMENT %minInclusive; %facetModel;>
<!ATTLIST %minInclusive;
        %facetAttr;
        %fixedAttr;
        %minInclusiveAttrs;>

<!ELEMENT %totalDigits; %facetModel;>
<!ATTLIST %totalDigits;
        %facetAttr;
        %fixedAttr;
        %totalDigitsAttrs;>
<!ELEMENT %fractionDigits; %facetModel;>
<!ATTLIST %fractionDigits;
        %facetAttr;
        %fixedAttr;
        %fractionDigitsAttrs;>
<!ELEMENT %maxScale; %facetModel;>
<!ATTLIST %maxScale;
        %facetAttr;
        %fixedAttr;
        %maxScaleAttrs;>
<!ELEMENT %minScale; %facetModel;>
<!ATTLIST %minScale;
        %facetAttr;
        %fixedAttr;
        %minScaleAttrs;>
<!ELEMENT %lexicalMappings; %facetModel;>
<!ATTLIST %lexicalMappings;
        %facetAttr;
        %fixedAttr;
        %lexicalMappingsAttrs;>

<!ELEMENT %length; %facetModel;>
<!ATTLIST %length;
        %facetAttr;
        %fixedAttr;
        %lengthAttrs;>
<!ELEMENT %minLength; %facetModel;>
<!ATTLIST %minLength;
        %facetAttr;
        %fixedAttr;
        %minLengthAttrs;>
<!ELEMENT %maxLength; %facetModel;>
<!ATTLIST %maxLength;
        %facetAttr;
        %fixedAttr;
        %maxLengthAttrs;>

<!-- This one can be repeated -->
<!ELEMENT %enumeration; %facetModel;>
<!ATTLIST %enumeration;
        %facetAttr;
        %enumerationAttrs;>

<!ELEMENT %whiteSpace; %facetModel;>
<!ATTLIST %whiteSpace;
        %facetAttr;
        %fixedAttr;
        %whiteSpaceAttrs;>

<!-- This one can be repeated -->
<!ELEMENT %pattern; %facetModel;>
<!ATTLIST %pattern;
        %facetAttr;
        %patternAttrs;>

C Temporary Stuff (to be added elsewhere)

Note:

All
·minimally conforming· processors ·must· support year values with a minimum of 4 digits (i.e., YYYY) and a minimum fractional second precision of milliseconds or three decimal digits (i.e. s.sss).  However, ·minimally conforming· processors ·may· set an application-defined limit on the maximum number of digits they are prepared to support in these two cases, in which case that application-defined maximum number ·must· be clearly documented.

[Definition:]  Derived datatypes are ·constructed· and ·atomic·.

D Built-up Value Spaces

Some datatypes, such as integer, describe well-known mathematically abstract systems.  Others, such as the date/time datatypes, describe "real-life", "applied" systems.  Certain of the systems described by datatypes, both abstract and applied, have values in their value spaces most easily described as things having several properties, which in turn have values which are in some sense "primitive" or are from the value spaces of simpler datatypes.

In this document, the arguments to functions are assumed to be "call by value" unless explicitly noted to the contrary, meaning that if the argument is modified during the processing of the algorithm, that modification is not reflected in the "outside world".  On the other hand, the arguments to procedures are assumed to be "call by location", meaning that modifications are so reflected, since that is the only way the processing of the algorithm can have any effect.

Properties always have values.  [Definition:]  An optional property is permitted but not required to have the special value absent.

Those values that are more primitive, and are used (among other things) herein to construct object value spaces but which we do not explicitly define are described here:

next sub-sectionD.1 Numerical Values

The following standard operators are defined here in case the reader is unsure of their definition:

Note: n ·div· 1  is a convenient and short way of expressing "the greatest integer in n".

D.1.1 Exact Lexical Mappings

Generic Numeral-to-Number Lexical Mappings
·unsignedNoDecimalMap· (N) —> integer
Maps an unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral to its numerical value.
·noDecimalMap· (N) —> integer
Maps an noDecimalPtNumeral to its numerical value.
·unsignedDecimalPtMap· (D) —> decimal number
Maps an unsignedDecimalPtNumeral to its numerical value.
·decimalPtMap· (N) —> decimal number
Maps a decimalPtNumeral to its numerical value.
·scientificMap· (N) —> decimal number
Maps a scientificNotationNumeral to its numerical value.

Some numerical datatypes include some or all of three constant non-numerical values:  positiveInfinity, negativeInfinity, and notANumber.  Their lexical spaces include non-numeral lexical representations for these non-numeric values:

Special Non-numerical Lexical Representations Used With Numerical Datatypes

Lexical Mapping for Non-numerical constants Used With Numerical Datatypes
Maps the ·lexical representations· of constants used with some numerical datatypes to those constants.

Canonical Mapping for Non-numerical constants Used With Numerical Datatypes
Maps the constants used with some numerical datatypes to their ·canonical representations·.

previous sub-section D.2 Date/time Values

There are several different primitive but related datatypes defined in the specification which pertain to various combinations of dates and times, and parts thereof.  They all use related value-space models, which are described in detail in this section.  It is not difficult for a casual reader of the descriptions of the individual datatypes elsewhere in this specification to misunderstand some of the details of just what the datatypes are intended to represent, so more detail is presented here in this section.

All of the value spaces for dates and times described here represent moments or periods of time in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC).  [Definition:]  Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) is an adaptation of TAI which closely approximates UT1 by adding ·leap-seconds· to selected ·UTC· days.

[Definition:]  A leap-second is an additional second added to the last day of December, June, October, or March, when such an adjustment is deemed necessary by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service in order to keep ·UTC· within 0.9 seconds of observed astronomical time.  When leap seconds are introduced, the last minute in the day has more than sixty seconds.  In theory leap seconds can also be removed from a day, but this has not yet occurred.

D.2.1 The Seven-property Model

There are two distinct ways to model moments in time:  either by tracking their year, month, day, hour, minute and second (with fractional seconds as needed), or by tracking their time (measured generally in seconds or days) from some starting moment.  Each has its advantages.  The two are isomorphic; the Gregorian calendar algorithm, modified for ·leap-seconds·, is the isomorphism from the first to the second and is one-to-one.  For definiteness, we choose to model the first using five integer and one decimal number properties.  We superimpose the second by providing one decimal number-valued function which gives the corresponding count of seconds from zero (the "time on the time line").

There is also a seventh integer property which specifies the timezone.  Values for the six primary properties are always stored in their "local" values (the values shown in the lexical representations), rather than converted to ·UTC·.

an integer
an integer between 1 and 12 inclusive
an integer between 1 and 31 inclusive, possibly restricted further depending on ·month· and ·year·
an integer between 0 and 23 inclusive
an integer between 0 and 59 inclusive
a decimal number greater than or equal to 0 and less than 61, always subject to a datatype-dependent leap-second restriction; must be less than 60 if ·timezone· is absent.
an ·optional· integer between –840 and 840 inclusive

The model just described is called herein the "seven-property" model for date/time datatypes.  It is used "as is" for dateTime; all other date/time datatypes except duration use the same model except that some of the six primary properties are required to have the value absent, instead of being required to have a numerical value.  (An ·optional· property, like ·timezone·, is always permitted to have the value absent.)

·timezone· values are limited to 14 hours, which is 840 (= 60 × 14) minutes.

Note: Leap-seconds are not permitted when ·timezone· is absent, because the presence of a leap-second value together with particular ·hour· and ·minute· values determines a ·timezone· (unique modulo timezones plus or minus 12 hours) so it might as well be explicit.  (All date/time datatypes that do not require ·second· to be absent also prohibit ·hour· and ·minute· from being absent.)

As of the time this specification was published, leap-seconds (always one leap-second) have been introduced by the responsible authorities at the end (in ·UTC·) of the following days:

  • 1972-06-30
  • 1972-12-31
  • 1973-12-31
  • 1974-12-31
  • 1975-12-31
  • 1976-12-31
  • 1977-12-31
  • 1978-12-31
  • 1989-12-31
  • 1981-06-30
  • 1982-06-30
  • 1983-06-30
  • 1985-06-30
  • 1987-12-31
  • 1989-12-31
  • 1990-12-31
  • 1992-06-30
  • 1993-06-30
  • 1994-06-30
  • 1995-12-31
  • 1997-06-30
  • 1998-12-31

While calculating, property values from the dateTime 1972-12-31T00:00:00 are used to fill in for those that are absent, except that if ·day· is absent but ·month· is not, the largest permitted day for that month is used.  1972-12-31T00:00:00 happens to permit both the maximum number of days and the maximum number of seconds.

Time on Timeline for Date/time Seven-property Model Datatypes
·timeOnTimeline· (dt) —> decimal number
Maps a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value to the decimal number representing its position on the "time line".

Values from any one date/time datatype using the seven-component model (all except duration) are ordered the same as their ·timeOnTimeline· values, except that if one value's ·timezone· is absent and the other's is not, and using maximum and minimum ·timezone· values for the one whose ·timezone· is actually absent changes the resulting (strict) inequality, the original two values are incomparable.

D.2.2 Lexical Mappings

[Definition:]  Each lexical representation is made up of certain date/time fragments, each of which corresponds to a particular property of the datatype value.  They are defined by the following productions.

Each fragment other than timezoneFrag defines a subset of the ·lexical space· of pDecimal; the corresponding ·lexical mapping· is the pDecimal ·lexical mapping· restricted to that subset.  These fragment ·lexical mappings· are combined separately for each date/time datatype (other than duration) to make up ·the complete lexical mapping· for that datatype.  The ·yearFragValue· mapping is used to obtain the value of the ·year· property, the ·monthFragValue· mapping is used to obtain the value of the ·month· property, etc.  Each datatype which specifies some properties to be mandatorily absent also does not permit the corresponding lexical fragments in its lexical representations.

Partial Date/time Lexical Mappings
·yearFragValue· (YR) —> integer
Maps a yearFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·, onto an integer, presumably the ·year· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value.
·monthFragValue· (MO) —> integer
Maps a monthFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·, onto an integer, presumably the ·month· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value.
·dayFragValue· (DA) —> integer
Maps a dayFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·, onto an integer, presumably the ·day· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value.
·hourFragValue· (HR) —> integer
Maps a hourFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·, onto an integer, presumably the ·hour· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value.
·minuteFragValue· (MI) —> integer
Maps a minuteFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·, onto an integer, presumably the ·minute· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value.
·secondFragValue· (SE) —> decimal number
Maps a secondFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·, onto a decimal number, presumably the ·second· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value.
·timezoneFragValue· (TZ) —> integer
Maps a timezoneFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·, onto an integer, presumably the ·timezone· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value.

(The redundancy between 'Z', '+00:00', and '-00:00', and the possibility of trailing fractional '0' digits for secondFrag, are the only redundancies preventing these mappings from being one-to-one.)

The following fragment ·canonical mappings· for each value-object property are combined as appropriate to make the ·canonical mapping· for each date/time datatype (other than duration):

Partial Date/time Canonical Mappings
Maps an integer, presumably the ·year· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value, onto a yearFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·.
Maps an integer, presumably the ·month· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value, onto a monthFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·.
Maps an integer, presumably the ·day· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value, onto a dayFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·.
Maps an integer, presumably the ·hour· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value, onto a hourFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·.
Maps an integer, presumably the ·minute· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value, onto a minuteFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·.
Maps a decimal number, presumably the ·second· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value, onto a secondFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·.
Maps an integer, presumably the ·timezone· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value, onto a timezoneFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·.

E Function Definitions

The more important functions and procedures defined here are summarized in the text  When there is a text summary, the name of the function in each is a "hot-link" to the same name in the other.  All other links to these functions link to the complete definition in this section.

next sub-sectionE.1 Generic Number-related Functions

The following functions are used with various numeric and date/time datatypes.

Auxiliary Functions for Operating on Numeral Fragments
·digitValue· (d) —> integer
Maps each digit to its numerical value.
Arguments:
dmatches digit
Result:
a nonnegative integer less than ten
Algorithm:
Return
  • 0   when  d = '0' ,
  • 1   when  d = '1' ,
  • 2   when  d = '2' ,
  • etc.
·digitSequenceValue· (S) —> integer
Maps a sequence of digits to the position-weighted sum of the terms numerical values.
Arguments:
Sa finite sequence of character strings, each term matching digit.
Result:
a nonnegative integer
Algorithm:
Return the sum of ·digitValue·(Si) × 10length(S)–i  where i runs over the domain of S.
·fractionDigitSequenceValue· (S) —> integer
Maps a sequence of digits to the position-weighted sum of the terms numerical values, weighted appropriately for fractional digits.
Arguments:
Sa finite sequence of character strings, each term matching digit.
Result:
a nonnegative integer
Algorithm:
Return the sum of ·digitValue·(Si) – 10i  where i runs over the domain of S.
·fractionFragValue· (N) —> decimal number
Maps a fracFrag to the appropriate fractional decimal number.
Arguments:
Nmatches fracFrag
Result:
a nonnegative decimal number
Algorithm:
N is necessarily the left-to-right concatenation of a finite sequence S of character strings, each term matching digit.
Generic Numeral-to-Number Lexical Mappings
·unsignedNoDecimalMap· (N) —> integer
Maps an unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral to its numerical value.
Arguments:Result:
a nonnegative integer
Algorithm:
N is the left-to-right concatenation of a finite sequence S of character strings, each term matching digit.
·noDecimalMap· (N) —> integer
Maps an noDecimalPtNumeral to its numerical value.
Arguments:
Nmatches noDecimalPtNumeral
Result:
a nonnegative integer
Algorithm:
N necessarily consists of an optional sign('+' or '-') and then a character string U that matches unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral.
Return
·unsignedDecimalPtMap· (D) —> decimal number
Maps an unsignedDecimalPtNumeral to its numerical value.
Arguments:Result:
a nonnegative decimal number
Algorithm:
D necessarily consists of an optional character string N matching unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral, a decimal point, and then an optional character string F matching fracFrag.
Return
·decimalPtMap· (N) —> decimal number
Maps a decimalPtNumeral to its numerical value.
Arguments:
Nmatches decimalPtNumeral
Result:
a decimal number
Algorithm:
N necessarily consists of an optional sign('+' or '-') and then an instance U of unsignedDecimalPtNumeral.
Return
·scientificMap· (N) —> decimal number
Maps a scientificNotationNumeral to its numerical value.
Arguments:Result:
a decimal number
Algorithm:
N necessarily consists of an instance C of either noDecimalPtNumeral or decimalPtNumeral, either an 'e' or an 'E', and then an instance E of noDecimalPtNumeral.
Return
Auxiliary Functions for Producing Numeral Fragments
·digit· (i) —> digit
Maps each integer between 0 and 9 to the corresponding digit.
Arguments:
ibetween 0 and 9 inclusive
Result:
matches digit
Algorithm:
Return
  • '0'   when  i = 0 ,
  • '1'   when  i = 1 ,
  • '2'   when  i = 2 ,
  • etc.
·digitRemainderSeq· (i) —> sequence of integers
Maps each nonnegative integer to a sequence of integers used by ·digitSeq· to ultimately create an unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral.
Arguments:
ia nonnegative integer
Result:
sequence of nonnegative integers
Algorithm:
Return that sequence s for which
  • s0 = i  and
  • sj+1 = sj ·div· 10 .
·digitSeq· (i) —> sequence of integers
Maps each nonnegative integer to a sequence of integers used by ·unsignedNoDecimalPtCanonicalMap· to create an unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral.
Arguments:
ia nonnegative integer
Result:
sequence of integers where each term is between 0 and 9 inclusive
Algorithm:
Return that sequence s for which  sj =·digitRemainderSeq·(i)j ·mod· 10 .
·lastSignificantDigit· (s) —> integer
Maps a sequence of nonnegative integers to the index of the first zero term.
Arguments:
sa sequence of nonnegative integers
Result:
a nonnegative integer
Algorithm:
Return the smallest nonnegative integer j such that s(i)j+1 is 0.
·FractionDigitRemainderSeq· (f) —> sequence of decimal numbers
Maps each nonnegative decimal number less than 1 to a sequence of decimal numbers used by ·fractionDigitSeq· to ultimately create an unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral.
Arguments:
fnonnegative and less than 1
Result:
a sequence of nonnegative decimal numbers
Algorithm:
Return that sequence s for which
  • s0 = f – 10 , and
  • sj+1 = (sj ·mod· 1) – 10 .
·fractionDigitSeq· (f) —> sequence of integers
Maps each nonnegative decimal number less than 1 to a sequence of integers used by ·fractionDigitsCanonicalFragmentMap· to ultimately create an unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral.
Arguments:
fnonnegative and less than 1
Result:
a sequence of integer;s where each term is between 0 and 9 inclusive
Algorithm:
Return that sequence s for which  sj = ·FractionDigitRemainderSeq·(f)j ·div· 1 .
·fractionDigitsCanonicalFragmentMap· (f) —> fracFrag
Maps each nonnegative decimal number less than 1 to a character string used by ·unsignedDecimalPtCanonicalMap· to create an unsignedDecimalPtNumeral.
Arguments:
fnonnegative and less than 1
Result:
matches fracFrag
Algorithm:
Generic Number to Numeral Canonical Mappings
Arguments:
ia nonnegative integer
Result:Algorithm:
Return ·digit·(·digitSeq·(i)·lastSignificantDigit·(·digitRemainderSeq·(i))) & . . . & ·digit·(·digitSeq·(i)0) .   (Note that the concatenation is in reverse order.)
Arguments:
ian integer
Result:Algorithm:
Return
Arguments:
na nonnegative decimal number
Result:Algorithm:Arguments:
na decimal number
Result:Algorithm:
Return
Arguments:
na nonnegative decimal number
Result:Algorithm:
Return  ·unsignedDecimalPtCanonicalMap·(n / 10log(n·div· 1) & 'E' & ·noDecimalPtCanonicalMap·(log(n·div· 1)
Arguments:
na decimal number
Result:Algorithm:
Return

For example:

Lexical Mapping for Non-numerical constants Used With Numerical Datatypes
·specialRepValue· (S) —> constant
Maps the ·lexical representations· of constants used with some numerical datatypes to those constants.
Arguments:Result:
one of positiveInfinity, negativeInfinity, or notANumber.
Algorithm:
Return
  • positiveInfinity   when S is 'INF' or '+INF',
  • negativeInfinity   when S is '-INF', and
  • notANumber   when S is 'NaN'
Canonical Mapping for Non-numerical constants Used With Numerical Datatypes
·specialRepCanonicalMap· (c) —> numericalSpecialRep
Maps the constants used with some numerical datatypes to their ·canonical representations·.
Arguments:
cone of positiveInfinity, negativeInfinity, and notANumber
Result:Algorithm:
Return
  • 'INF'   when c is positiveInfinity
  • '-INF'   when c is negativeInfinity
  • 'NaN'   when c is notANumber
Auxiliary Functions for Reading Instances of pDecimalRep
·decimalPtPrecision· (LEX) —> integer
Maps a decimalPtNumeral onto an integer; used in calculating the ·arithmeticPrecision· of a pDecimal value.
Arguments:
LEXmatches decimalPtNumeral
Result:
an integer
Algorithm:
LEX necessarily contains a decimal point ('.') and may optionally contain a following fracFrag F consisting of some number n of digits.
Return
  • n   when F is present, and
  • 0   otherwise.
·scientificPrecision· (LEX) —> integer
Maps a scientificNotationNumeral onto an integer; used in calculating the ·arithmeticPrecision· of a pDecimal value.
Arguments:Result:
an integer
Algorithm:
LEX necessarily contains a noDecimalPtNumeral or decimalPtNumeral C preceeding an exponent indicator ('E' or 'e', and a following noDecimalPtNumeral E.
Return
Lexical Mapping
·pDecimalLexicalMap· (LEX) —> pDecimal
Maps a pDecimalRep onto a complete pDecimal value.
Arguments:
LEXmatches pDecimalRep
Result:
a pDecimal value
Algorithm:
Let pD be a complete pDecimal value.
  1. Set pD's ·numericalValue· to
  2. Set pD's ·arithmeticPrecision· to
  3. Set pD's ·sign· to
    • absent   when LEX is 'NaN'
    • negative   when the first character of LEX is '-', and
    • positive   otherwise.
  4. Return pD.
Lexical Mapping
Arguments:
LEXmatches decimalLexicalRep
Result:
a decimal value
Algorithm:
Let d be a decimal value.
  1. Set d to
  2. Return d.
Canonical Mapping
Arguments:
da decimal value
Result:
a character string matching decimalLexicalRep
Algorithm:
  1. If d is an integer, then return ·noDecimalPtCanonicalMap·(d).
  2. Otherwise, return ·decimalPtCanonicalMap·(d).
Canonical Mapping
Arguments:
pDa pDecimal value
Result:
a character string matching pDecimalRep
Algorithm:
  1. Let nV be the ·numericalValue· of pD.

    Let aP be the ·arithmeticPrecision· of pD.

  2. If pD is one of NaN, INF, or -INF, then return ·specialRepCanonicalMap·(nV).
  3. Otherwise, if nV is an integer and aP is zero and 1E-6 ≤ nV ≤ 1E6, then return ·noDecimalPtCanonicalMap·(nV).
  4. Otherwise, if aP is greater than zero and 1E-6 ≤ nV ≤ 1E6, then let s be ·decimalPtCanonicalMap·(nV). Let f be the number of fractional digits in s; f will invariably be less than or equal to aP. Return the concatenation of s with aP – f occurrences of the digit '0'.
  5. Otherwise, it will be the case that nV is less than 1E–6 or greater than 1E6.  Let
    • s be ·scientificCanonicalMap·(nV).
    • m be the part of s which precedes the "E".
    • n be the part of s which follows the "E".
    • p be the integer denoted by n.
    • f be the number of fractional digits in m; note that f will invariably be less than or equal to aP + p.
    • t be a string consisting of aP + p – f occurrences of the digit '0', preceded by a decimal point if and only if m contains no decimal point and aP + p – f is greater than zero.
    Return the concatenation m & t & 'E' & n.

previous sub-section E.2 Date/time-related Definitions

When adding and subtracting numbers from date/time properties, the immediate results may not conform to the limits specified.  Accordingly, the following procedures are used to "normalize" potential property values to corresponding values that do conform to the appropriate limits.  Normalization is required when dealing with timezone changes (as when converting to ·UTC· from "local" values) and when adding duration values to or subtracting them from dateTime values.

Date/time Datatype Normalizing Procedures
Arguments:
yran integer
moan integer
Algorithm:
  1. Add  (mo – 1) ·div· 12  to yr.
  2. Set mo to  (mo – 1) ·mod· 12 + 1 .
·normalizeDay· (yrmoda)
Normalizes month and year values to values that obey the appropriate constraints.
Arguments:
yran integer
moan integer
daan integer
Algorithm:
  1. ·normalizeMonth·(yrmo)
  2. Repeat until da is positive and not greater than f-daysInMonth(yrmo):
    1. If da exceeds the upper limit from the table then:
      1. Subtract that limit from da.
      2. Add 1 to mo.
      3. ·normalizeMonth·(yrmo)
    2. If da is not positive then:
      1. Subtract 1 from mo.
      2. ·normalizeMonth·(yrmo)
      3. Add the new upper limit from the table to da.
·normalizeMinute· (yrmodahrmi)
Normalizes minute, hour, month, and year values to values that obey the appropriate constraints.
Arguments:
yran integer
moan integer
daan integer
hran integer
mian integer
Algorithm:
  1. Add   mi ·div· 60  to hr.
  2. Set mi to  mi ·mod· 60 .
  3. Add  hr ·div· 24  to da.
  4. Set hr to  hr ·mod· 24 .
  5. ·normalizeDay·(yrmoda).
·lsiNormalizeSecond· (yryrdahrmise)
Normalizes second, minute, hour, month, and year values to values that obey the appropriate constraints.  (This algorithm is "leap-second insensitive".)
Arguments:
yran integer
yran integer
daan integer
hran integer
mian integer
sea decimal number
Algorithm:
  1. Add  se ·div· 60  to mi.
  2. Set se to  0   when  se ≥ 60 .
  3. ·normalizeMinute·(yrmodahrmi).
·lssNormalizeSecond· (yrmodahrmise)
Normalizes second, minute, hour, month, and year values to values that obey the appropriate constraints.  (This algorithm is "leap-second sensitive".)
Arguments:
yr an integer
mo an integer
da an integer
hr an integer
mi an integer
se a decimal number
Algorithm:
  1. ·normalizeDay·(yrmoda).
  2. Add  60 × mi + 3600 × hr to se .
  3. Set mi and hr to zero.
  4. Repeat until se is nonnegative and less than 86400 plus the number of leap-seconds which occurred on the date in question (which depends on yr, mo, and da):
    1. If se equals or exceeds 86400 plus the upper limit from the table then:
      1. Subtract  (86400 plus that leap-second count) from se.
      2. Add 1 to da.
    2. If se is negative then:
      1. Subtract 1 from da.
      2. Add 86400 plus the new leap-second count from the table to se.
    3. ·normalizeDay·(yrmoda).
    1. If se is less than 86340 then:
      1. Set mi to se ·div· 60.
      2. Set se to se ·mod· 60.
    2. If se is not less than 86340 then:
      1. Set mi to 1439.
      2. Subtract 86340 from se.
  5. ·normalizeMinute·(yrmodahrmi)

Date/time Auxiliary Functions
·daysInMonth· (ym)
Returns the number of the last day of the month for any combination of year and month.
Arguments:
yan ·optional· integer
man integer between 1 and 12
Algorithm:
Return:
  • 30   when m is 4, 6, 9, or 11,
  • 28   when m is 2 and y is divisble by 400, or by 4 but not by 100, or is absent,
  • 28   otherwise and m is 2, and
  • 31   otherwise (m is 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, or 12)
·setDateTimeFromLocal· (dtrawYrrawMorawDarawHrrawMirawSe)
Sets the properties of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel from absent values are given default values for computation, but ultimately absent properties remain absent.
Arguments:
dta date/timeSevenPropertyModel value
rawYran ·optional· integer
rawMoan ·optional· integer
rawDaan ·optional· integer
rawHran ·optional· integer
rawMian ·optional· integer
rawSean ·optional· decimal number
Algorithm:
Let
  • yr be rawYear when rawYear is not absent, dt's ·year· when dt's ·year· is not absent but rawYear is, and 1971 otherwise,
  • mo be rawMo, dt's ·month·, or 12, similarly,
  • da be rawDa, dt's ·day·, or ·daysInMonth·(yrmo), similarly,
  • hr be rawHr, dt's ·hour·, or 0, similarly,
  • mi be rawMi, dt's ·minute·, or 0, similarly, and
  • se be rawSe, dt's ·second·, or 0, similarly.
Set dt's ·year· to yr when ·year· is not absent, dt's ·month· to mo when ·month· is not absent, etc.

Time on Timeline for Date/time Seven-property Model Datatypes
·timeOnTimeline· (dt) —> decimal number
Maps a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value to the decimal number representing its position on the "time line".
Arguments:Result:
a decimal number
Algorithm:
Let
  1. Subtract ·timezone· from mi   when ·timezone· is not absent.
  2. (·year·)
    1. Set ToTl to  31536000 × yr .
  3. (Leap-year Days, ·month·, and ·day·)
    1. Add  86400 × (yr ·div· 400 – yr ·div· 100 + yr ·div· 4)  to ToTl.
    2. Add   86400 × Summ < mo ·daysInMonth·(yrm) to ToTl
    3. Add   86400 × da  to ToTl.
  4. (Leap-seconds)
    1. Add (the count of leap-seconds prior to the dateTime value of dt with absent properties defaulted), from the list in The Seven-property Model (§D.2.1)) to ToTl.
  5. (·hour·, ·minute·, and ·second·)
    1. Add  3600 × hr + 60 × mi + se  to ToTl.
  6. Return ToTl.

Partial Date/time Lexical Mappings
·yearFragValue· (YR) —> integer
Maps a yearFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·, onto an integer, presumably the ·year· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value.
Arguments:
YRmatches yearFrag
Result:
an integer
Algorithm:
Return ·noDecimalMap·(YR)
·monthFragValue· (MO) —> integer
Maps a monthFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·, onto an integer, presumably the ·month· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value.
Arguments:
MOmatches monthFrag
Result:
an integer
Algorithm:
·dayFragValue· (DA) —> integer
Maps a dayFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·, onto an integer, presumably the ·day· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value.
Arguments:
DAmatches dayFrag
Result:
an integer
Algorithm:
·hourFragValue· (HR) —> integer
Maps a hourFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·, onto an integer, presumably the ·hour· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value.
Arguments:
HRmatches hourFrag
Result:
an integer
Algorithm:
·minuteFragValue· (MI) —> integer
Maps a minuteFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·, onto an integer, presumably the ·minute· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value.
Arguments:
MImatches minuteFrag
Result:
an integer
Algorithm:
·secondFragValue· (SE) —> decimal number
Maps a secondFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·, onto a decimal number, presumably the ·second· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value.
Arguments:
SEmatches secondFrag
Result:
a decimal number
Algorithm:
Return
·timezoneFragValue· (TZ) —> integer
Maps a timezoneFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·, onto an integer, presumably the ·timezone· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value.
Arguments:
TZmatches timezoneFrag
Result:
an integer
Algorithm:
TZ necessarily consists of either just 'Z', or a sign ('+' or '-') followed by an instance H of hourFrag, a colon, and an instance M of minuteFrag
Return
Lexical Mapping
Arguments:
LEXmatches dateTimeLexicalRep
Result:
a complete dateTime value
Algorithm:
LEX necessarily includes an instance Y of yearFrag, an instance MO of monthFrag, and an instance D of dayFrag hyphen-separated, an instance H of hourFrag, an instance MI of minuteFrag, and an instance S of secondFrag, colon-separated and optionally followed by an instance T of timezoneFrag.
Let dt be a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value with all property values absent.
Lexical Mapping
·timeLexicalMap· (LEX) —> time
Maps a timeLexicalRep to a time value.
Arguments:
LEXmatches timeLexicalRep
Result:
a complete time value
Algorithm:
LEX necessarily includes an instance H of hourFrag, an instance M of minuteFrag, and an instance S of secondFrag, colon-separated and optionally followed by an instance T of timezoneFrag.
Let ti be a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value with all property values absent.
  1. Set ti's ·timezone· to ·timezoneFragValue·(T) when T is present and absent otherwise.
  2. ·setDateTimeFromLocal·(ti, absent, absent, absent, ·hourFragValue·(H), ·minuteFragValue·(M), ·secondFragValue·(S))
  3. Return ti.
Lexical Mapping
·dateLexicalMap· (LEX) —> date
Maps a dateLexicalRep to a date value.
Arguments:
LEXmatches dateLexicalRep
Result:
a complete date value
Algorithm:
LEX necessarily includes an instance Y of yearFrag, an instance M of monthFrag, and an instance D of dayFrag, hyphen-separated and optionally followed by an instance T of timezoneFrag.
Let da be a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value with all property values absent.
  1. Set da's ·timezone· to ·timezoneFragValue·(T) when T is present and absent otherwise.
  2. ·setDateTimeFromLocal·(da, ·yearFragValue·(Y), ·monthFragValue·(M), ·dayFragValue·(D), absent, absent, absent)
  3. Return da.
Lexical Mapping
Arguments:
LEXmatches gYearMonthLexicalRep
Result:
a complete gYearMonth value
Algorithm:
LEX necessarily includes an instance Y of yearFrag and an instance M of monthFrag, hyphen-separated and optionally followed by an instance T of timezoneFrag.
Let gYM be a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value with all property values absent.
  1. Set gYM's ·timezone· to ·timezoneFragValue·(T) when T is present and absent otherwise.
  2. ·setDateTimeFromLocal·(gYM, ·yearFragValue·(Y), ·monthFragValue·(M), absent, absent, absent, absent)
  3. Return gYM.
Lexical Mapping
·gYearLexicalMap· (LEX) —> gYear
Maps a gYearLexicalRep to a gYear value.
Arguments:
LEXmatches gYearLexicalRep
Result:
a complete gYear value
Algorithm:
LEX necessarily includes an instance Y of dayFrag, optionally followed by an instance T of timezoneFrag.
Let gY be a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value with all property values absent.
  1. Set gY's ·timezone· to ·timezoneFragValue·(T) when T is present and absent otherwise.
  2. ·setDateTimeFromLocal·(gY, ·dayFragValue·(Y), absent, absent, absent, absent, absent)
  3. Return gY.
Lexical Mapping
Arguments:
LEXmatches gMonthDayLexicalRep
Result:
a complete gMonthDay value
Algorithm:
LEX necessarily includes an instance M of monthFrag and an instance D of dayFrag, hyphen-separated and optionally followed by an instance T of timezoneFrag.
Let gMD be a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value with all property values absent.
  1. Set gMD's ·timezone· to ·timezoneFragValue·(T) when T is present and absent otherwise.
  2. ·setDateTimeFromLocal·(gMD, absent, ·monthFragValue·(Y), ·dayFragValue·(M), absent, absent, absent)
  3. Return gMD.
Lexical Mapping
·gDayLexicalMap· (LEX) —> gDay
Maps a gDayLexicalRep to a gDay value.
Arguments:
LEXmatches gDayLexicalRep
Result:
a complete gDay value
Algorithm:
LEX necessarily includes an instance D of dayFrag, optionally followed by an instance T of timezoneFrag.
Let gD be a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value with all property values absent.
  1. Set gD's ·timezone· to ·timezoneFragValue·(T) when T is present and absent otherwise.
  2. ·setDateTimeFromLocal·(gD, absent, absent, ·dayFragValue·(D), absent, absent, absent)
  3. Return gD.
Lexical Mapping
·gMonthLexicalMap· (LEX) —> gMonth
Maps a gMonthLexicalRep to a gMonth value.
Arguments:
LEXmatches gMonthLexicalRep
Result:
a complete gMonth value
Algorithm:
LEX necessarily includes an instance M of monthFrag, optionally followed by an instance T of timezoneFrag.
Let gM be a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value with all property values absent.
  1. Set gM's ·timezone· to ·timezoneFragValue·(T) when T is present and absent otherwise.
  2. ·setDateTimeFromLocal·(gM, absent, ·monthFragValue·(M), absent, absent, absent, absent)
  3. Return gM.
Auxiliary Functions for Date/time Canonical Mappings
·unsTwoDigitCanonicalFragmentMap· (i) —> unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral
Maps a nonnegative integer less than 100 onto an unsigned always-two-digit numeral.
Arguments:
ia nonnegative integer less than 100
Result:Algorithm:
Return ·digit·(i ·div· 10) & ·digit·(i ·mod· 10)
·fourDigitCanonicalFragmentMap· (i) —> noDecimalPtNumeral
Maps an integer between -10000 and 10000 onto an always-four-digit numeral.
Arguments:
ian integer whose absolute value is less than 10000
Result:Algorithm:
Partial Date/time Canonical Mappings
·yearCanonicalFragmentMap· (y) —> yearFrag
Maps an integer, presumably the ·year· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value, onto a yearFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·.
Arguments:
yan integer
Result:
matches yearFrag
Algorithm:
Return
Arguments:
man integer between 1 and 12 inclusive
Result:
matches monthFrag
Algorithm:
·dayCanonicalFragmentMap· (d) —> dayFrag
Maps an integer, presumably the ·day· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value, onto a dayFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·.
Arguments:
dan integer between 1 and 31 inclusive  (may be limited further depending on associated ·year· and ·month·)
Result:
matches dayFrag
Algorithm:
·hourCanonicalFragmentMap· (h) —> hourFrag
Maps an integer, presumably the ·hour· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value, onto a hourFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·.
Arguments:
han integer between 0 and 23 inclusive.
Result:
matches hourFrag
Algorithm:Arguments:
man integer between 0 and 59 inclusive.
Result:
matches minuteFrag
Algorithm:
·secondCanonicalFragmentMap· (s) —> secondFrag
Maps a decimal number, presumably the ·second· property of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel value, onto a secondFrag, part of a date/timeSevenPropertyModel's ·lexical representation·.
Arguments:
sa nonnegative decimal number less than 70
Result:
matches secondFrag
Algorithm:Arguments:
tan integer between –840 and 840 inclusive
Result:
matches timezoneFrag
Algorithm:
Return
Canonical Mapping
Arguments:
dta complete dateTime value
Result:Algorithm:
Return
Canonical Mapping
Arguments:
tia complete time value
Result:Algorithm:
Return
Canonical Mapping
Arguments:
daa complete date value
Result:Algorithm:
Return
Canonical Mapping
Arguments:
yma complete gYearMonth value
Result:Algorithm:
Return
Canonical Mapping
Arguments:
gYa complete gYear value
Result:Algorithm:
Canonical Mapping
Arguments:
mda complete gMonthDay value
Result:Algorithm:
Let MD be  '--' & ·monthCanonicalFragmentMap·(md's ·month·) & '-' & ·dayCanonicalFragmentMap·(md's ·day·) .
Return
Canonical Mapping
Arguments:
gDa complete gDay value
Result:Algorithm:
Return
Canonical Mapping
Arguments:
gMa complete gMonth value
Result:Algorithm:
Return

F Datatypes and Facets

F.1 Fundamental Facets

The following table shows the values of the fundamental facets for each ·built-in· datatype.

 Datatypeorderedboundedcardinalitynumeric
derivedstringfalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
booleanfalsefalsefinitefalse
floatpartialtruefinitetrue
doublepartialtruefinitetrue
decimaltotalfalsecountably infinitetrue
pDecimalpartialfalsecountably infinitetrue
durationpartialfalsecountably infinitefalse
dateTimepartialfalsecountably infinitefalse
timepartialfalsecountably infinitefalse
datepartialfalsecountably infinitefalse
gYearMonthpartialfalsecountably infinitefalse
gYearpartialfalsecountably infinitefalse
gMonthDaypartialfalsecountably infinitefalse
gDaypartialfalsecountably infinitefalse
gMonthpartialfalsecountably infinitefalse
hexBinaryfalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
base64Binaryfalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
anyURIfalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
QNamefalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
NOTATIONfalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
normalizedStringfalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
tokenfalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
languagefalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
IDREFSfalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
ENTITIESfalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
NMTOKENfalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
NMTOKENSfalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
Namefalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
NCNamefalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
IDfalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
IDREFfalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
ENTITYfalsefalsecountably infinitefalse
integertotalfalsecountably infinitetrue
nonPositiveIntegertotalfalsecountably infinitetrue
negativeIntegertotalfalsecountably infinitetrue
longtotaltruefinitetrue
inttotaltruefinitetrue
shorttotaltruefinitetrue
bytetotaltruefinitetrue
nonNegativeIntegertotalfalsecountably infinitetrue
unsignedLongtotaltruefinitetrue
unsignedInttotaltruefinitetrue
unsignedShorttotaltruefinitetrue
unsignedBytetotaltruefinitetrue
positiveIntegertotalfalsecountably infinitetrue

G Adding durations to dateTimes

Given a dateTime S and a duration D, this appendix specifies how to compute a dateTime E where E is the end of the time period with start S and duration D i.e. E = S + D.  Such computations are used, for example, to determine whether a dateTime is within a specific time period. This appendix also addresses the addition of durations to the datatypes date, gYearMonth, gYear, gDay and gMonth, which can be viewed as a set of dateTimes. In such cases, the addition is made to the first or starting dateTime in the set.

This is a logical explanation of the process. Actual implementations are free to optimize as long as they produce the same results. The calculation uses the notation S[year] to represent the year field of S, S[month] to represent the month field, and so on. It also depends on the following functions:

31M = January, March, May, July, August, October, or December
30M = April, June, September, or November
29M = February AND (modulo(Y, 400) = 0 OR (modulo(Y, 100) != 0) AND modulo(Y, 4) = 0)
28Otherwise

next sub-sectionG.1 Algorithm

Essentially, this calculation is equivalent to separating D into <year,month> and <day,hour,minute,second> fields. The <year,month> is added to S. If the day is out of range, it is pinned to be within range. Thus April 31 turns into April 30. Then the <day,hour,minute,second> is added. This latter addition can cause the year and month to change.

Leap seconds are handled by the computation by treating them as overflows. Essentially, a value of 60 seconds in S is treated as if it were a duration of 60 seconds added to S (with a zero seconds field). All calculations thereafter use 60 seconds per minute.

Thus the addition of either PT1M or PT60S to any dateTime will always produce the same result. This is a special definition of addition which is designed to match common practice, and -- most importantly -- be stable over time.

A definition that attempted to take leap-seconds into account would need to be constantly updated, and could not predict the results of future implementation's additions. The decision to introduce a leap second in ·UTC· is the responsibility of the [International Earth Rotation Service (IERS)]. They make periodic announcements as to when leap seconds are to be added, but this is not known more than a year in advance. For more information on leap seconds, see [U.S. Naval Observatory Time Service Department].

The following is the precise specification. These steps must be followed in the same order. If a field in D is not specified, it is treated as if it were zero. If a field in S is not specified, it is treated in the calculation as if it were the minimum allowed value in that field, however, after the calculation is concluded, the corresponding field in E is removed (set to unspecified).

  • Months (may be modified additionally below)
    • temp := S[month] + D[month]
    • E[month] := modulo(temp, 1, 13)
    • carry := fQuotient(temp, 1, 13)
  • Years (may be modified additionally below)
    • E[year] := S[year] + D[year] + carry
  • Zone
    • E[zone] := S[zone]
  • Seconds
    • temp := S[second] + D[second]
    • E[second] := modulo(temp, 60)
    • carry := fQuotient(temp, 60)
  • Minutes
    • temp := S[minute] + D[minute] + carry
    • E[minute] := modulo(temp, 60)
    • carry := fQuotient(temp, 60)
  • Hours
    • temp := S[hour] + D[hour] + carry
    • E[hour] := modulo(temp, 24)
    • carry := fQuotient(temp, 24)
  • Days
    • if S[day] > maximumDayInMonthFor(E[year], E[month])
      • tempDays := maximumDayInMonthFor(E[year], E[month])
    • else if S[day] < 1
      • tempDays := 1
    • else
      • tempDays := S[day]
    • E[day] := tempDays + D[day] + carry
    • START LOOP
      • IF E[day] < 1
        • E[day] := E[day] + maximumDayInMonthFor(E[year], E[month] - 1)
        • carry := -1
      • ELSE IF E[day] > maximumDayInMonthFor(E[year], E[month])
        • E[day] := E[day] - maximumDayInMonthFor(E[year], E[month])
        • carry := 1
      • ELSE EXIT LOOP
      • temp := E[month] + carry
      • E[month] := modulo(temp, 1, 13)
      • E[year] := E[year] + fQuotient(temp, 1, 13)
      • GOTO START LOOP

Examples:

dateTimedurationresult
2000-01-12T12:13:14ZP1Y3M5DT7H10M3.3S2001-04-17T19:23:17.3Z
2000-01-P3M1999-10
2000-01-12PT33H2000-01-13

H Regular Expressions

A ·regular expression· R is a sequence of characters that denote a set of strings  L(R). When used to constrain a ·lexical space·, a regular expression  R asserts that only strings in L(R) are valid literals for values of that type.

Note:  Unlike some popular regular expression languages (including those defined by Perl and standard Unix utilities), the regular expression language defined here implicitly anchors all regular expressions at the head and tail, as the most common use of regular expressions in ·pattern· is to match entire literals. For example, a datatype ·derived· from string such that all values must begin with the character A (#x41) and end with the character Z (#x5a) would be defined as follows:
<simpleType name='myString'>
 <restriction base='string'>
  <pattern value='A.*Z'/>
 </restriction>
</simpleType>
In regular expression languages that are not implicitly anchored at the head and tail, it is customary to write the equivalent regular expression as:

   ^A.*Z$

where "^" anchors the pattern at the head and "$" anchors at the tail.

In those rare cases where an unanchored match is desired, including .* at the beginning and ending of the regular expression will achieve the desired results. For example, a datatype ·derived· from string such that all values must contain at least 3 consecutive A (#x41) characters somewhere within the value could be defined as follows:

<simpleType name='myString'>
 <restriction base='string'>
  <pattern value='.*AAA.*'/>
 </restriction>
</simpleType>

[Definition:]  A regular expression is composed from zero or more ·branch·es, separated by | characters.

Regular Expression
[42]   regExp   ::=    branch ( '|' branch )*

For all ·branch·es S, and for all ·regular expression·s T, valid ·regular expression·s R are: Denoting the set of strings L(R) containing:
(empty string)the set containing just the empty string
Sall strings in L(S)
S|Tall strings in L(S) and all strings in L(T)

[Definition:]   A branch consists of zero or more ·piece·s, concatenated together.

Branch
[43]   branch   ::=   piece*

For all ·piece·s S, and for all ·branch·es T, valid ·branch·es R are: Denoting the set of strings L(R) containing:
Sall strings in L(S)
STall strings st with s in L(S) and t in L(T)

[Definition:]   A piece is an ·atom·, possibly followed by a ·quantifier·.

Piece
[44]   piece   ::=   atom quantifier?

For all ·atom·s S and non-negative integers n, m such that n <= m, valid ·piece·s R are: Denoting the set of strings L(R) containing:
Sall strings in L(S)
S?the empty string, and all strings in L(S).
S* All strings in L(S?) and all strings st with s in L(S*) and t in L(S). ( all concatenations of zero or more strings from L(S) )
S+ All strings st with s in L(S) and t in L(S*)( all concatenations of one or more strings from L(S) )
S{n,m} All strings st with s in L(S) and t in L(S{n-1,m-1})( All sequences of at least n, and at most m, strings from L(S) )
S{n} All strings in L(S{n,n})( All sequences of exactly n strings from L(S) )
S{n,} All strings in L(S{n}S*) ( All sequences of at least n, strings from L(S) )
S{0,m} All strings st with s in L(S?) and t in L(S{0,m-1})( All sequences of at most m, strings from L(S) )
S{0,0} The set containing only the empty string
Note:  The regular expression language in the Perl Programming Language [Perl] does not include a quantifier of the form S{,m}, since it is logically equivalent to S{0,m}. We have, therefore, left this logical possibility out of the regular expression language defined by this specification.

[Definition:]   A quantifier is one of ?, *, +, {n,m} or {n,}, which have the meanings defined in the table above.

Quanitifer
[45]   quantifier   ::=   [?*+] | ( '{' quantity '}' )
[46]   quantity   ::=   quantRange | quantMin | QuantExact
[47]   quantRange   ::=   QuantExact ',' QuantExact
[48]   quantMin   ::=   QuantExact ','
[49]   QuantExact   ::=   [0-9]+

[Definition:]   An atom is either a ·normal character·, a ·character class·, or a parenthesized ·regular expression·.

Atom
[50]   atom   ::=   Char | charClass | ( '(' regExp ')' )

For all ·normal character·s c, ·character class·es C, and ·regular expression·s S, valid ·atom·s R are: Denoting the set of strings L(R) containing:
cthe single string consisting only of c
Call strings in L(C)
(S)all strings in L(S)

[Definition:]   A metacharacter is either ., \, ?, *, +, {, } (, ), [ or ]. These characters have special meanings in ·regular expression·s, but can be escaped to form ·atom·s that denote the sets of strings containing only themselves, i.e., an escaped ·metacharacter· behaves like a ·normal character·.

[Definition:]   A normal character is any XML character that is not a metacharacter.  In ·regular expression·s, a normal character is an atom that denotes the singleton set of strings containing only itself.

Normal Character
[51]   Char   ::=   [^.\?*+()|#x5B#x5D]

Note that a ·normal character· can be represented either as itself, or with a character reference.

H.1 Character Classes

[Definition:]   A character class is an ·atom·  R that identifies a set of characters  C(R).  The set of strings L(R) denoted by a character class R contains one single-character string "c" for each character c in C(R).

Character Class
[52]   charClass   ::=    charClassEsc | charClassExpr | WildcardEsc

A character class is either a ·character class escape· or a ·character class expression·.

[Definition:]   A character class expression is a ·character group· surrounded by [ and ] characters.  For all character groups G, [G] is a valid character class expression, identifying the set of characters C([G]) = C(G).

Character Class Expression
[53]   charClassExpr   ::=   '[' charGroup ']'

[Definition:]   A character group is either a ·positive character group·, a ·negative character group·, or a ·character class subtraction·.

Character Group
[54]   charGroup   ::=    posCharGroup | negCharGroup | charClassSub

[Definition:]   A positive character group consists of one or more ·character range·s or ·character class escape·s, concatenated together.  A positive character group identifies the set of characters containing all of the characters in all of the sets identified by its constituent ranges or escapes.

Positive Character Group
[55]   posCharGroup   ::=    ( charRange | charClassEsc )+

For all ·character range·s R, all ·character class escape·s E, and all ·positive character group·s P, valid ·positive character group·s G are: Identifying the set of characters C(G) containing:
Rall characters in C(R).
Eall characters in C(E).
RPall characters in C(R) and all characters in C(P).
EPall characters in C(E) and all characters in C(P).

[Definition:]   A negative character group is a ·positive character group· preceded by the ^ character. For all ·positive character group·s P, ^P is a valid negative character group, and C(^P) contains all XML characters that are not in C(P).

Negative Character Group
[56]   negCharGroup   ::=   '^' posCharGroup

[Definition:]   A character class subtraction is a ·character class expression· subtracted from a ·positive character group· or ·negative character group·, using the - character.

Character Class Subtraction
[57]   charClassSub   ::=    ( posCharGroup | negCharGroup ) '-' charClassExpr

For any ·positive character group· or ·negative character group· G, and any ·character class expression· C, G-C is a valid ·character class subtraction·, identifying the set of all characters in C(G) that are not also in C(C).

[Definition:]   A character range R identifies a set of characters C(R) containing all XML characters with UCS code points in a specified range.

Character Range
[58]   charRange   ::=    seRange | XmlCharIncDash
[59]   seRange   ::=   charOrEsc '-' charOrEsc
[60]   charOrEsc   ::=   XmlChar | SingleCharEsc
[61]   XmlChar   ::=   [^\#x2D#x5B#x5D]
[62]   XmlCharIncDash   ::=   [^\#x5B#x5D]

A single XML character is a ·character range· that identifies the set of characters containing only itself.  All XML characters are valid character ranges, except as follows:

Note: The grammar for ·character range· as given above is ambiguous, but the second and third bullets above together remove the ambiguity.

A ·character range· ·may· also be written in the form s-e, identifying the set that contains all XML characters with UCS code points greater than or equal to the code point of s, but not greater than the code point of e.

s-e is a valid character range iff:

Note:  The code point of a ·single character escape· is the code point of the single character in the set of characters that it identifies.

H.1.1 Character Class Escapes

[Definition:]   A character class escape is a short sequence of characters that identifies predefined character class.  The valid character class escapes are the ·single character escape·s, the ·multi-character escape·s, and the ·category escape·s (including the ·block escape·s).

Character Class Escape
[63]   charClassEsc   ::=    ( SingleCharEsc | MultiCharEsc | catEsc | complEsc )

[Definition:]   A single character escape identifies a set containing a only one character -- usually because that character is difficult or impossible to write directly into a ·regular expression·.

Single Character Escape
[64]   SingleCharEsc   ::=   '\' [nrt\|.?*+(){}#x2D#x5B#x5D#x5E]

The valid ·single character escape·s are: Identifying the set of characters C(R) containing:
\nthe newline character (#xA)
\rthe return character (#xD)
\tthe tab character (#x9)
\\\
\||
\..
\--
\^^
\??
\**
\++
\{{
\}}
\((
\))
\[[
\]]

[Definition:]   [Unicode Database] specifies a number of possible values for the "General Category" property and provides mappings from code points to specific character properties. The set containing all characters that have property X, can be identified with a category escape \p{X}. The complement of this set is specified with the category escape \P{X}. ([\P{X}] = [^\p{X}]).

Category Escape
[65]   catEsc   ::=   '\p{' charProp '}'
[66]   complEsc   ::=   '\P{' charProp '}'
[67]   charProp   ::=   IsCategory | IsBlock
Note:  [Unicode Database] is subject to future revision.  For example, the mapping from code points to character properties might be updated. All ·minimally conforming· processors ·must· support the character properties defined in the version of [Unicode Database] that is current at the time this specification became a W3C Recommendation.  However, implementors are encouraged to support the character properties defined in any future version.

The following table specifies the recognized values of the "General Category" property.

CategoryPropertyMeaning
LettersLAll Letters
Luuppercase
Lllowercase
Lttitlecase
Lmmodifier
Loother
 
MarksMAll Marks
Mnnonspacing
Mcspacing combining
Meenclosing
 
NumbersNAll Numbers
Nddecimal digit
Nlletter
Noother
 
PunctuationPAll Punctuation
Pcconnector
Pddash
Psopen
Peclose
Piinitial quote (may behave like Ps or Pe depending on usage)
Pffinal quote (may behave like Ps or Pe depending on usage)
Poother
 
SeparatorsZAll Separators
Zsspace
Zlline
Zpparagraph
 
SymbolsSAll Symbols
Smmath
Sccurrency
Skmodifier
Soother
 
OtherCAll Others
Cccontrol
Cfformat
Coprivate use
Cnnot assigned
Categories
[68]   IsCategory   ::=    Letters | Marks | Numbers | Punctuation | Separators | Symbols | Others
[69]   Letters   ::=   'L' [ultmo]?
[70]   Marks   ::=   'M' [nce]?
[71]   Numbers   ::=   'N' [dlo]?
[72]   Punctuation   ::=   'P' [cdseifo]?
[73]   Separators   ::=   'Z' [slp]?
[74]   Symbols   ::=   'S' [mcko]?
[75]   Others   ::=   'C' [cfon]?
Note:  The properties mentioned above exclude the Cs property. The Cs property identifies "surrogate" characters, which do not occur at the level of the "character abstraction" that XML instance documents operate on.

[Definition:]   [Unicode Database] groups code points into a number of blocks such as Basic Latin (i.e., ASCII), Latin-1 Supplement, Hangul Jamo, CJK Compatibility, etc. The set containing all characters that have block name X (with all white space stripped out), can be identified with a block escape \p{IsX}. The complement of this set is specified with the block escape \P{IsX}. ([\P{IsX}] = [^\p{IsX}]).

Block Escape
[76]   IsBlock   ::=   'Is' [a-zA-Z0-9#x2D]+

The following table specifies the recognized block names (for more information, see the "Blocks.txt" file in [Unicode Database]).

Start CodeEnd CodeBlock Name Start CodeEnd CodeBlock Name
#x0000#x007FBasicLatin #x0080#x00FFLatin-1Supplement
#x0100#x017FLatinExtended-A #x0180#x024FLatinExtended-B
#x0250#x02AFIPAExtensions #x02B0#x02FFSpacingModifierLetters
#x0300#x036FCombiningDiacriticalMarks #x0370#x03FFGreek
#x0400#x04FFCyrillic #x0530#x058FArmenian
#x0590#x05FFHebrew #x0600#x06FFArabic
#x0700#x074FSyriac #x0780#x07BFThaana
#x0900#x097FDevanagari #x0980#x09FFBengali
#x0A00#x0A7FGurmukhi #x0A80#x0AFFGujarati
#x0B00#x0B7FOriya #x0B80#x0BFFTamil
#x0C00#x0C7FTelugu #x0C80#x0CFFKannada
#x0D00#x0D7FMalayalam #x0D80#x0DFFSinhala
#x0E00#x0E7FThai #x0E80#x0EFFLao
#x0F00#x0FFFTibetan #x1000#x109FMyanmar
#x10A0#x10FFGeorgian #x1100#x11FFHangulJamo
#x1200#x137FEthiopic #x13A0#x13FFCherokee
#x1400#x167FUnifiedCanadianAboriginalSyllabics #x1680#x169FOgham
#x16A0#x16FFRunic #x1780#x17FFKhmer
#x1800#x18AFMongolian #x1E00#x1EFFLatinExtendedAdditional
#x1F00#x1FFFGreekExtended #x2000#x206FGeneralPunctuation
#x2070#x209FSuperscriptsandSubscripts #x20A0#x20CFCurrencySymbols
#x20D0#x20FFCombiningMarksforSymbols #x2100#x214FLetterlikeSymbols
#x2150#x218FNumberForms #x2190#x21FFArrows
#x2200#x22FFMathematicalOperators #x2300#x23FFMiscellaneousTechnical
#x2400#x243FControlPictures #x2440#x245FOpticalCharacterRecognition
#x2460#x24FFEnclosedAlphanumerics #x2500#x257FBoxDrawing
#x2580#x259FBlockElements #x25A0#x25FFGeometricShapes
#x2600#x26FFMiscellaneousSymbols #x2700#x27BFDingbats
#x2800#x28FFBraillePatterns #x2E80#x2EFFCJKRadicalsSupplement
#x2F00#x2FDFKangxiRadicals #x2FF0#x2FFFIdeographicDescriptionCharacters
#x3000#x303FCJKSymbolsandPunctuation #x3040#x309FHiragana
#x30A0#x30FFKatakana #x3100#x312FBopomofo
#x3130#x318FHangulCompatibilityJamo #x3190#x319FKanbun
#x31A0#x31BFBopomofoExtended #x3200#x32FFEnclosedCJKLettersandMonths
#x3300#x33FFCJKCompatibility #x3400#x4DB5CJKUnifiedIdeographsExtensionA
#x4E00#x9FFFCJKUnifiedIdeographs #xA000#xA48FYiSyllables
#xA490#xA4CFYiRadicals #xAC00#xD7A3HangulSyllables
 
 #xE000#xF8FFPrivateUse
#xF900#xFAFFCJKCompatibilityIdeographs #xFB00#xFB4FAlphabeticPresentationForms
#xFB50#xFDFFArabicPresentationForms-A #xFE20#xFE2FCombiningHalfMarks
#xFE30#xFE4FCJKCompatibilityForms #xFE50#xFE6FSmallFormVariants
#xFE70#xFEFEArabicPresentationForms-B #xFEFF#xFEFFSpecials
#xFF00#xFFEFHalfwidthandFullwidthForms #xFFF0#xFFFDSpecials
Note:  The blocks mentioned above exclude the HighSurrogates, LowSurrogates and HighPrivateUseSurrogates blocks. These blocks identify "surrogate" characters, which do not occur at the level of the "character abstraction" that XML instance documents operate on.
Note:  [Unicode Database] is subject to future revision. For example, the grouping of code points into blocks might be updated. All ·minimally conforming· processors ·must· support the blocks defined in the version of [Unicode Database] that is current at the time this specification became a W3C Recommendation.  However, implementors are encouraged to support the blocks defined in any future version of the Unicode Standard.

For example, the ·block escape· for identifying the ASCII characters is \p{IsBasicLatin}.

[Definition:]   A multi-character escape provides a simple way to identify a commonly used set of characters:

Multi-Character Escape
[77]   MultiCharEsc   ::=   '\' [sSiIcCdDwW]
[78]   WildcardEsc   ::=   '.'

Character sequenceEquivalent ·character class·
.[^\n\r]
\s[#x20\t\n\r]
\S[^\s]
\i the set of initial name characters, those ·match·ed by Letter | '_' | ':'
\I[^\i]
\c the set of name characters, those ·match·ed by NameChar
\C[^\c]
\d\p{Nd}
\D[^\d]
\w [#x0000-#x10FFFF]-[\p{P}\p{Z}\p{C}] (all characters except the set of "punctuation", "separator" and "other" characters)
\W[^\w]
Note:  The ·regular expression· language defined here does not attempt to provide a general solution to "regular expressions" over UCS character sequences.  In particular, it does not easily provide for matching sequences of base characters and combining marks. The language is targeted at support of "Level 1" features as defined in [Unicode Regular Expression Guidelines].  It is hoped that future versions of this specification will provide support for "Level 2" features.

I Changes since version 1.0

next sub-sectionI.1 Changes Already Made

The revision of duration (including the new derived datatypes yearMonthDuration and dayTimeDuration), in duration (§3.2.7), yearMonthDuration (§3.3.26) and dayTimeDuration (§3.3.27), has been approved.

I.1.1 Datatypes, Facets and Related Rewrites

The model of an abstract datatype has been made more precise and explicit.  Datatype System (§2) has mostly been rewritten and been "formally blessed" by the WG.  Driving this new text is not only a desire on the part of the WG to make it "more precise and explicit" but also a specific formal requirement to redo the handling of facets (RQ-24 (systematic facets)).  The primary intent of this requirement was to move the description of equality, identity, and order to Value space (§2.2).

RQ-24 (systematic facets: separate identity and equality) directed that we provide for equality that in some cases was different from identity.  Most datatypes still use identity as their equality, but the new precisionDecimal and the redesigned date/time datatypes will not.  It is also intended that float and double will use this capability to separate minus zero from plus zero; they will be non-identical but equal (see RQ-140).

The {value} of the bounded component for list datatypes is now always false, reflecting the fact that ·list· datatypes are not ordered (except by the trivial order), and hence cannot reasonably be bounded.

Units of length have been selected for all datatypes that are permitted the length constraining facet (RQ-6 (length for [almost] all primitive types)).

I.1.2 Numerical Datatypes

The pDecimal datatype has been added.  It is intended to support the floating-point decimal datatypes defined in the forthcoming version of IEEE 754. The pDecimal datatype differs from decimal in that values carry not only a numeric value but also an (arithmetic) precision. 

I.1.3 Date/time Datatypes

RQ-2 (canonical rep of duration) resulted in the adoption of a new two-property model for duration and the rewriting of duration (§3.2.7).  A few additional changes have been proposed, and in versions of this specification that show adds and dels these changes are so marked.  In addition, two new derived datatypes (yearMonthDuration and dayTimeDuration) have been added in satisfaction of RQ-20 (ordered duration types).

RQ-122 (define dateTime value space) has resulted in a revision of the value space for all date/time datatypes (except duration, which was changed as a result of another requirement).  The most visible effect of this change was to cause the values to retain knowledge of their timezone, which is explained in the new material.  The new version specifies a seven-property model used uniformly for values in all of these datatypes, described in The Seven-property Model (§D.2.1).  Only gDay (§3.2.14) has been rewritten to match this new generic approach; the other date/time datatype descriptions will be rewritten in a future draft.  These rewrites and the new Date/time Values (§D.2) have not yet been approved by the WG; in versions of this specification that show adds and dels, this material shows as a proposed change. 

The seven property model rewrite of date/time datatype descriptions includes a carefully crafted definition of order that insures that for repeating datatypes (time, gDay, etc.), timezoned values will be compared as though they are on the same "calendar day" ("local" property values) so that in any given timezone, the days start at "local" 00:00:00 and end not quite including "local" 24:00:00.  Days are not 00:00:00Z to 24:00:00Z in timezones other than Z.  This covers the requirements of RQ-13 (time zone crosses date line).  In addition, in satisfaction of RQ-123 (year 0000 in date/time datatypes), the lexical representation '0000' for years is made legal and the mapping of values with negative years onto the timeline has been changed to match.  E.g., the year 0000 is 1 B.C.E., the year –0001 is 2 B.C.E., etc.  (This is a change from version 1.0 of this specification.)

previous sub-section I.2 Specific Outstanding Issues

In addition to the changes already made, the Working Group has decided on a number of further changes which have not yet been reflected in this draft. These are indicated throughout the text as issues, including more or less detail on the intended resolution. The ones remaining in this draft are summarized below, linked to their occurrence in the text above, where more detail can be found, including links to the original requirement or other point of origin.

RQ-152 (xml1.1)
How should this specification be aligned with XML 1.1? The changes in character set and name characters, and the question of what determines which ones to use, must be addressed.
RQ-21 (regex/BNF for all primitive types)
Current plan is that all datatypes defined herein will have EBNF productions at least approximately defining their lexical space, and will include a nonnormative regex derived from the EBNF if a user wishes to copy it directly.
RQ-24 (systematic facets: canonical representations for all datatypes)
It is not possible for all datatypes to have canonical representations of all values without violating the rules of derivation or adding special-purpose constraining facets which the WG does not deem appropriate.  The WG has not yet decided how to deal with datatypes whose lexical and/or canonical mappings are context sensitive.
RQ-148 (clarify use of "truncation)
The word will probably be removed.
RQ-120 (consistent use of "derived)
"Derivations" other than "derivations by restriction" will be renamed "constructions".
RQ-24 (systematic facets: assignment of datatype to nodes without components)
RQ-129 (remove dependency on canonical representations)
The dependencies are in Part 1; they will be resolved there.  Text in this Part will reflect that canonical representation are provided for the benefit of other users, including other specifications that might want to reference these datatypes.
RQ-126 (restricting away canonical representations)
Given the "pattern" constraining facet, restricting away canonical representations cannot be prohibited without undue processing expense.  A warning will be inserted, and RQ-129 will insure that loss of canonical representations will not affect schema processing.
RQ-150 (minimum number of digits for decimal)
The minimum number of digits implementations are required to support will be lowered to 16 digits; a health warning will be added to note that implementations of derived datatypes may support more digits of precision than the base decimal type does, but that they are not required to do so.
RQ-1 (canonical representation of float, double)
The description of canonical representations for float and double needs to be cleaned up.
RQ-140 (positive and negative zero in float and double)
Two zeros will be provided similar to those in precisionDecimal
RQ-13 (time zone crosses date line)
The "seven property model" rewrite of date/time datatype descriptions includes a carefully crafted definition of order that insures that for repeating datatypes (time, gDay, etc.), timezoned values will be compared as though they are on the same "calendar day" ("local" property values) so that in any given timezone, the days start at "local" 00:00:00 and end immediately before "local" 24:00:00. Days in timezones other than Z do not run from 00:00:00Z to 24:00:00Z.
RQ-24 (systematic approach to facets)
The decision that the four informational facets, each of which have only one property, will be lumped into one facet having four properties has been rescinded by the WG before it made it into the text of this specification.
RQ-147b (phase out length facet)
The WG is considering the ramifications of removing the length constraining facet, letting the schema document elements that currently set that facet set both minLength and maxLength instead.

J Glossary (non-normative)

The listing below is for the benefit of readers of a printed version of this document: it collects together all the definitions which appear in the document above.

K References

next sub-sectionK.1 Normative

Clinger, WD (1990)
William D Clinger. How to Read Floating Point Numbers Accurately. In Proceedings of Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, pages 92-101. Available at: ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/pub/people/will/howtoread.ps
IEEE 754-1985
IEEE. IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic. See http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/std_public/description/busarch/754-1985_desc.html
Namespaces in XML
World Wide Web Consortium.  Namespaces in XML. Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/
RFC 2045
N. Freed and N. Borenstein. RFC 2045: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies. 1996.  Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt
RFC 2396
Tim Berners-Lee, et. al. RFC 2396: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax.. 1998.  Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt
RFC 2732
RFC 2732: Format for Literal IPv6 Addresses in URL's. 1999. Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2732.txt
RFC 3066
H. Alvestrand, ed. RFC 3066: Tags for the Identification of Languages 1995. Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt
Unicode Database
The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Character Database. Available at: http://www.unicode.org/Public/3.1-Update/UnicodeCharacterDatabase-3.1.0.html
XML
Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0, Third Edition, Tim Bray et al., eds., W3C, 4 February 2004. See http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204/
XML Base
World Wide Web Consortium.  XML Base. Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlbase-20010627/
XML Linking Language
World Wide Web Consortium.  XML Linking Language (XLink). Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xlink-20010627/. Note: only the URI reference escaping procedure defined in Section 5.4 is normatively referenced.
XML Schema Part 1: Structures
XML Schema Version 1.1 Part 1: Structures. Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-xmlschema11-1-20050224/structures.diff-1.0.html
XML Schema Requirements

previous sub-section K.2 Non-normative

Character Model
Martin J. Dürst and François Yergeau, eds.  Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0:  Fundamentals.  2001.  Available at:  http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-charmod-20040225
Gay, DM (1990)
David M. Gay.  Correctly Rounded Binary-Decimal and Decimal-Binary Conversions. AT&T Bell Laboratories Numerical Analysis Manuscript 90-10, November 1990. Available at: http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/doc/90/4-10.ps.gz
HTML 4.01
World Wide Web Consortium.  Hypertext Markup Language, version 4.01.  Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/
IETF INTERNET-DRAFT: IRIs
M. Dürst and M. Suignard . Internationalized Resource Identifiers 2002. Available at: http://www.w3.org/International/iri-edit/draft-duerst-iri-08.txt
International Earth Rotation Service (IERS)
International Earth Rotation Service (IERS). See http://maia.usno.navy.mil
ISO 11404
ISO (International Organization for Standardization). Language-independent Datatypes. See http://www.iso.ch/cate/d19346.html
ISO 8601
ISO (International Organization for Standardization). Representations of dates and times, 1988-06-15.
ISO 8601:1998 Draft Revision
ISO (International Organization for Standardization). Representations of dates and times, draft revision, 1998.
ISO 8601:2000 Second Edition
ISO (International Organization for Standardization). Representations of dates and times, second edition, 2000-12-15.
Perl
The Perl Programming Language.  See http://www.perl.com/pub/language/info/software.html
RDF Schema
World Wide Web Consortium. RDF Schema Specification. Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-rdf-schema-20000327/
Ruby
World Wide Web Consortium.  Ruby Annotation.  Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-ruby-20010531
SQL
ISO (International Organization for Standardization).  ISO/IEC 9075-2:1999, Information technology --- Database languages --- SQL --- Part 2: Foundation (SQL/Foundation). [Geneva]: International Organization for Standardization, 1999. See http://www.iso.ch/cate/d26197.html
U.S. Naval Observatory Time Service Department
Information about Leap Seconds Available at: http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/leapsec.990505.html
Unicode Regular Expression Guidelines
Mark Davis.  Unicode Regular Expression Guidelines, 1988. Available at: http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18/
XML Schema Language: Part 0 Primer
World Wide Web Consortium.  XML Schema Language: Part 0 Primer.  Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/
XML Schema Requirements
XML Schema Requirements , Ashok Malhotra and Murray Maloney, eds., W3C, 15 February 1999. See http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/NOTE-xml-schema-req-19990215
XSL
World Wide Web Consortium.  Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL).  Available at:  http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xsl-20011015/

L Acknowledgements (non-normative)

Along with the editors thereof, the following contributed material to the first version of this specification:

Asir S. Vedamuthu, webMethods, Inc
Mark Davis, IBM

Co-editor Ashok Malhotra's work on this specification from March 1999 until February 2001 was supported by IBM, and from then until May 2004 by Microsoft.  Since July 2004 his work on this specification has been supported by Oracle Corporation.

The XML Schema Working Group acknowledges with thanks the members of other W3C Working Groups and industry experts in other forums who have contributed directly or indirectly to the creation of this document and its predecessor.

At the time this Working Draft is published, the members in good standing of the XML Schema Working Group are:

The XML Schema Working Group has benefited in its work from the participation and contributions of a number of people who are no longer members of the Working Group in good standing at the time of publication of this Working Draft. Their names are given below. In particular we note with sadness the accidental death of Mario Jeckle shortly before publication of the first Working Draft of XML Schema 1.1. Affiliations given are those current at the time of their first work with the WG.