Abstract
SKOS Core provides a model for expressing the basic structure and content of concept schemes (thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, terminologies, glossaries and other types of controlled vocabulary).
The SKOS Core Vocabulary is an application of the Resource Description Framework (RDF), that can be used to express a concept scheme as an RDF graph. Using RDF allows data to be linked to and/or merged with other RDF data by semantic web applications.
This document gives an overview of the SKOS Core Vocabulary. It is generated by a program script from the RDF description of the SKOS Core Vocabulary. The latest version of this document can be relied upon to reflect the current state of the SKOS Core Vocabulary.
This document should be read in conjunction with the SKOS Core Guide.
Status of this Document
This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication.
This document is an Editor's Draft for review by the Semantic Web Best Practices and Deployment Working Group (hereafter 'the Working Group') and the participants of the public-esw-thes@w3.org mailing list and is subject to change without notice. This document has no formal standing within W3C. Please consult the Working Group's home page and the W3C technical reports index for information about the latest publications by this group. This document may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
This document is published by the Semantic Web Best Practices and Deployment Working Group, part of the W3C Semantic Web Activity. The Working Group intends the SKOS Core Vocabulary Specification to become a W3C Working Group Note. However, other outcomes are possible within the framework of the W3C process and will be considered in response to deployment experience and feedback from the W3C membership. The Working Group has discussed the potential for SKOS Core to evolve into possible future W3C Recommendation Track work items, and would value feedback on the level of formal standardization that is appropriate.
We encourage public comments. Please send comments to public-esw-thes@w3.org [archive] and start the subject line of the message with "comment:".
Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership.
Contents
- Introduction
- Guide to Term Summary Tables
- Policy Statements
- Classes
- Properties
- Deprecated Terms
- Change Log
- Acknowledgements
Introduction
SKOS stands for Simple Knowledge Organisation System. The name SKOS was chosen to emphasise the goal of providing a simple yet powerful framework for expressing knowledge organisation systems in a machine-understandable way.
SKOS Core provides a model for expressing the basic structure and content of concept schemes (thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, terminologies, glossaries and other types of controlled vocabulary).
The SKOS Core Vocabulary is an application of the Resource Description Framework (RDF). RDF provides a simple data formalism for talking about things, their properties, inter-relationships, and categories (classes). Using RDF allows data to be linked to and/or merged with other RDF data by semantic web applications. See RDF Concepts for an overview of RDF, RDF Semantics for its formal mathematical basis, and RDF Syntax for details of the RDF/XML document format used to exchange RDF data.
The SKOS Core Vocabulary is itself formally defined in RDF. The resource http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core.rdf contains the definitive RDF description of the SKOS Core Vocabulary.
This document is intended to give a human-readable overview of the SKOS Core Vocabulary, and to be a reference companion to the SKOS Core Guide. It is generated by a program script from a template, using the RDF assertions contained in http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core.rdf, and is regenerated whenever a change is made to these RDF assertions. It can therefore be relied upon to reflect the current state of the SKOS Core Vocabulary.
Guide to Term Summary Tables
Each term (i.e. class or property) of the SKOS Core vocabulary is summarised in this document as a table. Each table may have the following rows:
| Class or Property: | |
|---|---|
| URI: | The Universal Resource Identifier. |
| Label: | A human-readable label. |
| Definition: | An explanation of the meaning of a class or property. |
| Comment: | Additional information about meaning and/or proper use. |
| Example: | An example of the use of a class or property. |
| Status: | The status (stability level) of the class or property. |
| Issued: | Date on which the class or property was issued. |
| Modified: | Date on which the class or property was last modified. |
| Super-classes: | (Classes only) any declared super-classes. |
| Super-properties: | (Properties only) any declared super-properties. |
| Domain: | (Properties only) the declared domain for the property. |
| Range: | (Properties only) the declared range for the property. |
| Additional types: | (Properties only) any declared additional types (e.g. owl:TransitiveProperty) for the property. |
| Inverse of: | (Properties only) any declared inverse properties. |
| Replaces: | Any deprecated terms which the given term has replaced in recommended usage. |
| Version info: | A note about the modification and/or history of a class or property. |
| Replaced By: | (Deprecated terms only) the term to use instead of the deprecated term. |
| Deprecated: | (Deprecated terms only) the date of last modification (i.e. deprecation) of the term. |
Policy Statements
Naming
The URI for a class or property in the SKOS Core Vocabulary is constructed by appending the local name for that property or class to the URI http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#. E.g.
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefSymbol
The local name of a class always starts with an uppercase character. Where the local name is comprised of multiple concatenated words, the leading character of each word will be an uppercase character. E.g.
Concept ConceptScheme
The local name of a property starts with a lowercase character. Where the local name is comprised of multiple concatenated words, the leading character of the second and each subsequent word will be an uppercase character. E.g.
subject prefLabel isPrimarySubjectOf
Persistence
This document, the SKOS Core Guide, the RDF description of the SKOS Core Vocabulary, and the classes and properties of the SKOS Core Vocabulary are all declared to be persistent resources, as defined by the W3C URI Persistence Policy.
Change
Changes to SKOS Core classes and properties may occur. All changes are reported on the SKOS Change Log.
Each class or property is assigned a term status value, which indicates the stability of the resource, and the types of modification that are allowed. A class or property may take one of three term status values:
- unstable
- The term is unstable, and feedback is welcomed on it's current form and utility (analagous to 'alpha' release in software development). It may currently be poorly defined. It's meaning and/or form may be expected to change at any time. Do not implement mission critical systems that depend on this term persisting in its current form. (Changes corresponding to DCMI class A, B or C may occur).
- testing
- The term has gone beyond the raw proposal stage, and is undergoing testing (analagous to 'beta' release in software development). This term may still change in response to feedback from testing, although it may be expected not to undergo any radical change. The cost to early implementors of changing the term will be considered, however the goal of achieving wider interoperability and long-term stability may override those considerations. (Changes corresponding to DCMI class A or B may occur)
- stable
- No substantial (meaning changing) alterations will take place. Implementors can expect the term to persist in its current form indefinitely. (Changes corresponding to DCMI class A may occur)
New classes or properties may be added to the SKOS Core Vocabulary at any time (changes corresponding to DCMI class D).
A class or property at any of the above status levels may be marked as deprecated, in which case instructions will be given on what to use in its place. A deprecated class property may be expected to remain unchanged indefinitely.
Maintenance
Responsibility for maintaining the SKOS Core Vocabulary is assumed by the designated editors, who are at this time:
- Alistair Miles
- Dan Brickley
The editors pledge to seek the widest possible consensus before making any changes to the SKOS Core Vocabulary. The editors also pledge to ensure that all development work is carried out openly and in public, in consultation with the members of the public-esw-thes@w3.org mailing list. This mailing list is publicly archived, and any person may subscribe and/or post to it at any time.