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1. Validation
- Editors:
- Ben Chang, Oracle
- Joe Kesselman, IBM (until September 2001)
- Rezaur Rahman, Intel Corporation (until July 2001)
1.1. Overview
This chapter describes the optional DOM Level 3 Validation
feature. This module provides APIs to guide construction and
editing of XML documents. Examples of such guided editing are
queries of the nature that combine questions like "what does the
grammar allow me to insert/delete here" and "if I insert/delete
here, will the document still be valid."
Users may also want to know several levels of details, e.g., all
the possible children, those which would be valid given what
precedes this point, lists of defined symbols of a given type, in
order to help in editing and creating a XML document. Some of these
queries would prompt checks and warn you if you're about to
conflict with or overwrite such data.
Finally, users would like to validate an edited or newly
constructed document before serializing it or passing it to other
users. To some, they may edit, come up with an invalid document,
then edit again to result in a valid document. During this process,
these APIs can allow the user to check the validity of the document
or sub-tree on demand; and if needed can also require that the
document or sub-tree remain valid during this editing process via
the continuousValidityChecking flag.
A DOM application can use the hasFeature(feature,
version) method of the DOMImplementation
interface to determine with parameter values "VAL-DOC"
and "3.0", respectively, whether or not these
interfaces are supported by the implementation.
This chapter focuses on the editing aspects used in the XML
document editing world and usage of such information.
1.2. Exceptions
This section describes the "VAL-DOC" exceptions.
- Exception ExceptionVAL
-
The Validation operations may throw a ExceptionVAL as
described in their descriptions.
IDL Definition-
- Definition group ExceptionVALCode
-
An integer indicating the type of error generated.
- Defined Constants
-
NO_GRAMMAR_AVAILABLE_ERR- If the
DocumentEditVAL
related to the node does not have any grammar and
wfValidityCheckLevel is set to PARTIAL or
STRICT_VALIDITY_CHECK.
1.3. Document Editing
Interfaces
This section contains "Document Editing" methods as described in
the DocumentEditVAL,
NodeEditVAL,
ElementEditVAL,
and CharacterEditVAL interfaces.
- Interface DocumentEditVAL
-
This interface extends the NodeEditVAL
interface with additional methods for document editing. An object
implementing this interface must also implement the
Document interface.
IDL Definition-
- Attributes
-
continuousValidityChecking
of type boolean- An attribute specifying whether continuous checking for the
validity of the document is enforced or not. Setting this to
true will result in an exception being thrown, i.e.,
VALIDATION_ERR, for documents that are invalid at the
time of the call. When set to true, the implementation if free to
raise the VALIDATION_ERR exception on DOM operations
that would make the document invalid with respect to "partial
validity." If the document is invalid, then this attribute will
remain false. This attribute is false by
default.
- Methods
-
getDefinedElementTypes-
Returns list of all element node names
belonging to the element's namespace. Given the names, nodes can be
created from them; note that these are not nodes from the instance
document, but rather are new nodes that could be inserted in the
document.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type
DOMStringnamespaceURI of namespace. For DTDs, this is
NULL.
Return Value
|
NameList
|
List of all element node names belonging to the element's
namespace.
|
No Exceptions
validateDocument-
Validates the document against the grammar. If
the document is mutated during validation, a warning will be
issued. In addition, the validation cannot modify the document,
e.g., for default attributes. This method makes use of the
passed-in error handler, as described in [
DOM Level 3
Core] interface.
Exceptions
|
ExceptionVAL
|
NO_GRAMMAR_AVAILABLE_ERR: Raised if an error occurs when the
grammar is not available for the document.
|
No Parameters
No Return Value
- Interface NodeEditVAL
-
This interface is similar to the [DOM Level 3 Core]
Node interfaces, with methods for guided document
editing.
IDL Definition-
interface NodeEditVAL {
// CheckTypeVAL
const unsigned short WF_CHECK = 1;
const unsigned short NS_WF_CHECK = 2;
const unsigned short PARTIAL_VALIDITY_CHECK = 3;
const unsigned short STRICT_VALIDITY_CHECK = 4;
readonly attribute DOMString defaultValue;
readonly attribute DOMStringList enumeratedValues;
boolean canInsertBefore(in Node newChild,
in Node refChild);
boolean canRemoveChild(in Node oldChild);
boolean canReplaceChild(in Node newChild,
in Node oldChild);
boolean canAppendChild(in Node newChild);
boolean isNodeValid(in boolean deep,
in unsigned short wFValidityCheckLevel)
raises(ExceptionVAL);
};
- Definition group CheckTypeVAL
-
An integer indicating which type of validation this is. Stricter
validation for certain XML dialects can be done by extending the
NodeEditVAL interface adding a new
CheckTypeVAL constant(s).
- Defined Constants
-
NS_WF_CHECK- Check for namespace well-formedness includes
WF_CHECK.
PARTIAL_VALIDITY_CHECK- Checks for whether this node is partially valid. It
includes
NS_WF_CHECK.
STRICT_VALIDITY_CHECK- Checks for strict validity of the node with respect to the
grammar which by definition includes
NS_WF_CHECK.
WF_CHECK- Check for well-formedness of this node.
- Attributes
-
defaultValue of type
DOMString, readonly- The default value specified in an attribute or an element
declaration.
enumeratedValues of type
DOMStringList, readonly- A
DOMStringList of distinct values for an
attribute or an element declaration.
- Methods
-
canAppendChild-
Has the same arguments as
Node.appendChild. Determines whether the
Node.replaceChild operation would make this document
not
partially
valid with respect to the grammar.
Parameters
newChild of type
NodeNode to be appended.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if no reason it can't be done;
false if it can't be done.
|
No Exceptions
canInsertBefore-
Determines whether the
Node.insertBefore operation would make this document
not
partially
valid with respect to the grammar.
Parameters
newChild of type
NodeNode to be inserted.
refChild of type
Node- Reference
Node.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if no reason it can't be done;
false if it can't be done.
|
No Exceptions
canRemoveChild-
Has the same arguments as
Node.removeChild. Determines whether the
Node.removeChild operation would make this document
not
partially
valid with respect to the grammar.
Parameters
oldChild of type
NodeNode to be removed.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if no reason it can't be done;
false if it can't be done.
|
No Exceptions
canReplaceChild-
Has the same arguments as
Node.replaceChild. Determines whether the
Node.replaceChild operation would make this document
not
partially
valid with respect to the grammar.
Parameters
newChild of type
Node- New
Node.
oldChild of type
NodeNode to be replaced.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if no reason it can't be done;
false if it can't be done.
|
No Exceptions
isNodeValid-
Determines if the Node is valid relative to the
grammar. It doesn't normalize before checking if the document is
valid. To do so, one would need to explicitly call a normalize
method.
Parameters
deep of type
boolean- Setting the
deep flag on causes the
isNodeValid method to check for the whole subtree of
the current node for validity. Setting it to false
only checks the current node and its immediate child nodes. The
validateDocument method on the
DocumentVAL interface, however, checks to determine
whether the entire document is valid.
wFValidityCheckLevel of
type unsigned short- Flag to tell at what level validity and well-formedness
checking is done.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if the node is valid/well-formed in the
grammar and check level defined by
wfValidityCheckLevel, false if not.
|
Exceptions
|
ExceptionVAL
|
NO_GRAMMAR_AVAILABLE_ERR: Exception is raised if the
DocumentEditVAL related to this node does not have any grammar
associated with it and wfValidityCheckLevel is set to
PARTIAL or STRICT_VALIDITY_CHECK.
|
- Interface ElementEditVAL
-
This interface extends the NodeEditVAL
interface with additional methods for guided document editing. An
object implementing this interface must also implement
Element interface.
IDL Definition-
- Attributes
-
allowedAttributes of
type NameList, readonly- A
NameList of possible Attr nodes
that can appear with this type of element. Given the names, nodes
can be created from them; note that these are not nodes from the
instance document, but rather are new nodes that could be inserted
in the document.
allowedChildren of type
NameList, readonly- A
NameList of possible Element nodes
that can appear as children of this type of element. Note that if
no context of this element exists, then this is NULL;
it is an empty list if the element is not in the document tree.
Given the names, nodes can be created from them; note that these
are not nodes from the instance document, but rather are new nodes
that could be inserted in the document.
allowedNextSiblings
of type NameList, readonly- A
NameList of possible sibling
Element nodes that can appear after this
element.
allowedParents of type
NameList, readonly- A
NameList of possible Element nodes
that can appear as a parent of this type of element. Note that if
no context of this element exists, for example, the parent element
of this element, then this is NULL; it is an empty
list if the element is not in the document tree. Given the names,
nodes can be created from them; note that these are not nodes from
the instance document, but rather are new nodes that could be
inserted in the document.
allowedPreviousSiblings
of type NameList, readonly- A
NameList of possible sibling
Element nodes that can appear before this
element.
requiredAttributes
of type NameList, readonly- A
NameList of required Attr nodes
that must appear with this type of element. Given the names, nodes
can be created from them; note that these are not nodes from the
instance document, but rather are new nodes that could be inserted
in the document.
- Methods
-
canRemoveAttribute-
Verifies if an attribute by the given name can
be removed.
Parameters
attrname of type
DOMString- Name of attribute.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if no reason it can't be done;
false if it can't be done.
|
No Exceptions
canRemoveAttributeNS-
Verifies if an attribute by the given local
name and namespace can be removed.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type
DOMString- The namespace URI of the attribute to remove.
localName of type
DOMString- Local name of the attribute to be removed.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if no reason it can't be done;
false if it can't be done.
|
No Exceptions
canRemoveAttributeNode-
Determines if an attribute node can be removed.
Parameters
attrNode of type
Node- The
Attr node to remove from the attribute
list.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if no reason it can't be done;
false if it can't be done.
|
No Exceptions
canSetAttribute-
Determines if the value for specified attribute
can be set.
Parameters
attrname of type
DOMString- Name of attribute.
attrval of type
DOMString- Value to be assigned to the attribute.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if no reason it can't be done;
false if it can't be done.
|
No Exceptions
canSetAttributeNS-
Determines if the attribute with given
namespace and qualified name can be created if not already present
in the attribute list of the element. If the attribute with the
same qualified name and namespaceURI is already present in the
element's attribute list, it tests whether the value of the
attribute and its prefix can be set to the new value. See DOM core
setAttributeNS.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type
DOMStringnamespaceURI of namespace.
qualifiedName of type
DOMString- Qualified name of attribute.
value of type
DOMString- Value to be assigned to the attribute.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if no reason it can't be done;
false if it can't be done.
|
No Exceptions
canSetAttributeNode-
Determines if an attribute node can be added
with respect to the validity check level.
Parameters
attrNode of type
AttrNode in which the attribute can possibly be
set.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if no reason it can't be done;
false if it can't be done.
|
No Exceptions
contentType-
Determines element content type.
Return Value
|
unsigned short
|
Constant for one of EMPTY_CONTENTTYPE - content
type of an element which has neither child elements nor character
data, ANY_CONTENTTYPE - content type of an element
which can contain zero or more child elements as well as character
data, MIXED_CONTENTTYPE - content type of an element
which contains character data optionally interspersed with child
elements, ELEMENTS_CONTENTTYPE - content type of an
element which contains only child elements optionally separated by
whitespace, SIMPLE_CONTENTTYPE - content type of an
element which contains character data with attributes.
|
No Parameters
No Exceptions
isElementDefined-
Determines if
name is defined in
the grammar.
Parameters
name of type
DOMString- Name of element.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
A boolean that is true if the element is defined,
false otherwise.
|
No Exceptions
isElementDefinedNS-
Determines if
name in this
namespace is defined in the current context.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type
DOMStringnamespaceURI of namespace.
name of type
DOMString- Name of element.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
A boolean that is true if the element is defined,
false otherwise.
|
No Exceptions
- Interface CharacterDataEditVAL
-
This interface extends the NodeEditVAL
interface with additional methods for document editing. An object
implementing this interface must also implement
CharacterData interface.
IDL Definition-
- Attributes
-
isWhitespaceOnly
of type boolean, readonlytrue if content only whitespace;
false for non-whitespace.
- Methods
-
canAppendData-
Determines if data can be appended.
Parameters
arg of type
DOMString- Data to be appended.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if no reason it can't be done;
false if it can't be done.
|
No Exceptions
canDeleteData-
Determines if data can be deleted.
Parameters
offset of type
unsigned long- Offset.
count of type
unsigned long- Number of 16-bit units to delete.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if no reason it can't be done;
false if it can't be done.
|
No Exceptions
canInsertData-
Determines if data can be inserted.
Parameters
offset of type
unsigned long- Offset.
arg of type
DOMString- Argument to be set.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if no reason it can't be done;
false if it can't be done.
|
No Exceptions
canReplaceData-
Determines if data can be replaced.
Parameters
offset of type
unsigned long- Offset.
count of type
unsigned long- Replacement.
arg of type
DOMString- Argument to be set.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if no reason it can't be done;
false if it can't be done.
|
No Exceptions
canSetData-
Determines if data can be set.
Parameters
arg of type
DOMString- Argument to be set.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if no reason it can't be done;
false if it can't be done.
|
No Exceptions
1.4. Range-related
Document-Editing Interfaces
This section contains Range-related "Document-editing"
methods.
- Interface RangeVAL
-
This interface extends the Range interface with
additional methods for guided document editing.
IDL Definition-
- Methods
-
canSurroundContents-
Determines if a passed-in node can be
"surrounded" by two other nodes. For example, this convenience
method can: 1) get all children of "x", 2) get all possible parents
of "y", and then 3) check if the passed-in node "b" is present in
both sets.
Parameters
node1 of type
Node- First node to "surround" passed-in node "b".
node2 of type
Node- Second node to "surround" passed-in node "b".
b of type
Node- Node to be "surrounded" by.
Return Value
|
boolean
|
true if it is; false if it is not.
|
No Exceptions
getAlternativeElements-
Returns a list of names of alternative
elements, given a reference child as a parameter.
Parameters
refChild of type
Node- Reference child.
Return Value
|
NameList
|
A list of names of alternative elements.
|
No Exceptions
Appendix B: Java Language
Binding
This appendix contains the complete Java [Java] bindings
for the Level 3 Document Object Model Validation.
The Java files are also available as http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Val-20030205/java-binding.zip
org/w3c/dom/validation/ExceptionVAL.java:
package org.w3c.dom.validation;
public class ExceptionVAL extends RuntimeException {
public ExceptionVAL(short code, String message) {
super(message);
this.code = code;
}
public short code;
// ExceptionVALCode
public static final short NO_GRAMMAR_AVAILABLE_ERR = 71;
}
org/w3c/dom/validation/DocumentEditVAL.java:
package org.w3c.dom.validation;
import org.w3c.dom.NameList;
public interface DocumentEditVAL extends NodeEditVAL {
public boolean getContinuousValidityChecking();
public void setContinuousValidityChecking(boolean continuousValidityChecking);
public NameList getDefinedElementTypes(String namespaceURI);
public void validateDocument()
throws ExceptionVAL;
}
org/w3c/dom/validation/NodeEditVAL.java:
package org.w3c.dom.validation;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.DOMStringList;
public interface NodeEditVAL {
// CheckTypeVAL
public static final short WF_CHECK = 1;
public static final short NS_WF_CHECK = 2;
public static final short PARTIAL_VALIDITY_CHECK = 3;
public static final short STRICT_VALIDITY_CHECK = 4;
public String getDefaultValue();
public DOMStringList getEnumeratedValues();
public boolean canInsertBefore(Node newChild,
Node refChild);
public boolean canRemoveChild(Node oldChild);
public boolean canReplaceChild(Node newChild,
Node oldChild);
public boolean canAppendChild(Node newChild);
public boolean isNodeValid(boolean deep,
short wFValidityCheckLevel)
throws ExceptionVAL;
}
org/w3c/dom/validation/ElementEditVAL.java:
package org.w3c.dom.validation;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
import org.w3c.dom.NameList;
public interface ElementEditVAL extends NodeEditVAL {
public NameList getAllowedChildren();
public NameList getAllowedParents();
public NameList getAllowedNextSiblings();
public NameList getAllowedPreviousSiblings();
public NameList getAllowedAttributes();
public NameList getRequiredAttributes();
public short contentType();
public boolean canSetAttribute(String attrname,
String attrval);
public boolean canSetAttributeNode(Attr attrNode);
public boolean canSetAttributeNS(String namespaceURI,
String qualifiedName,
String value);
public boolean canRemoveAttribute(String attrname);
public boolean canRemoveAttributeNS(String namespaceURI,
String localName);
public boolean canRemoveAttributeNode(Node attrNode);
public boolean isElementDefined(String name);
public boolean isElementDefinedNS(String namespaceURI,
String name);
}
org/w3c/dom/validation/CharacterDataEditVAL.java:
package org.w3c.dom.validation;
public interface CharacterDataEditVAL extends NodeEditVAL {
public boolean getIsWhitespaceOnly();
public boolean canSetData(String arg);
public boolean canAppendData(String arg);
public boolean canReplaceData(int offset,
int count,
String arg);
public boolean canInsertData(int offset,
String arg);
public boolean canDeleteData(int offset,
int count);
}
org/w3c/dom/validation/RangeVAL.java:
package org.w3c.dom.validation;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.Range;
import org.w3c.dom.NameList;
public interface RangeVAL extends Range {
public boolean canSurroundContents(Node node1,
Node node2,
Node b);
public NameList getAlternativeElements(Node refChild);
}
Appendix D:
Acknowledgements
Many people contributed to the DOM specifications (Level 1, 2 or
3), including members of the DOM Working Group and the DOM Interest
Group. We especially thank the following:
Andrew Watson (Object Management Group), Andy Heninger (IBM),
Angel Diaz (IBM), Arnaud Le Hors (W3C and IBM), Ashok Malhotra (IBM
and Microsoft), Ben Chang (Oracle), Bill Smith (Sun), Bill Shea
(Merrill Lynch), Bob Sutor (IBM), Chris Lovett (Microsoft), Chris
Wilson (Microsoft), David Brownell (Sun), David Ezell (Hewlett
Packard Company), David Singer (IBM), Dimitris Dimitriadis (Improve
AB), Don Park (invited), Elena Litani (IBM), Eric Vasilik
(Microsoft), Gavin Nicol (INSO), Ian Jacobs (W3C), James Clark
(invited), James Davidson (Sun), Jared Sorensen (Novell), Jeroen
van Rotterdam (X-Hive Corporation), Joe Kesselman (IBM), Joe Lapp
(webMethods), Joe Marini (Macromedia), Johnny Stenback
(Netscape/AOL), Jon Ferraiolo (Adobe), Jonathan Marsh (Microsoft),
Jonathan Robie (Texcel Research and Software AG), Kim
Adamson-Sharpe (SoftQuad Software Inc.), Lauren Wood (SoftQuad
Software Inc., former Chair), Laurence Cable (Sun), Mark
Davis (IBM), Mark Scardina (Oracle), Martin Dürst (W3C), Mary
Brady (NIST), Mick Goulish (Software AG), Mike Champion (Arbortext
and Software AG), Miles Sabin (Cromwell Media), Patti Lutsky
(Arbortext), Paul Grosso (Arbortext), Peter Sharpe (SoftQuad
Software Inc.), Phil Karlton (Netscape), Philippe Le Hégaret
(W3C, W3C team contact and former Chair), Ramesh
Lekshmynarayanan (Merrill Lynch), Ray Whitmer (iMall, Excite@Home,
and Netscape/AOL, Chair), Rezaur Rahman (Intel), Rich
Rollman (Microsoft), Rick Gessner (Netscape), Rick Jelliffe
(invited), Rob Relyea (Microsoft), Scott Isaacs (Microsoft), Sharon
Adler (INSO), Steve Byrne (JavaSoft), Tim Bray (invited), Tim Yu
(Oracle), Tom Pixley (Netscape/AOL), Vidur Apparao (Netscape),
Vinod Anupam (Lucent).
Thanks to all those who have helped to improve this
specification by sending suggestions and corrections (Please, keep
bugging us with your issues!).
D.1: Production Systems
This specification was written in XML. The HTML, OMG IDL, Java
and ECMAScript bindings were all produced automatically.
Thanks to Joe English, author of cost, which was used as the
basis for producing DOM Level 1. Thanks also to Gavin Nicol, who
wrote the scripts which run on top of cost. Arnaud Le Hors and
Philippe Le Hégaret maintained the scripts.
After DOM Level 1, we used Xerces as the basis DOM
implementation and wish to thank the authors. Philippe Le
Hégaret and Arnaud Le Hors wrote the
Java programs which are the DOM application.
Thanks also to Jan Kärrman, author of html2ps, which we
use in creating the PostScript version of the specification.