Draft

11/04/2011

Released for Public Comment

12/15/2012

Final Draft Released for Comment

06/12/2012

Final Specification

10/04/2012

Version Number

Release Date

Editor

Description

3.0 Public Draft

12/15/2011

Kennedy

New; Adapted from content in the PVC namespace documentation for WG review

3.0 Final Draft

6/12/2012

Kennedy

Final Working Draft

3.0 Specification

10/04/2012

Kennedy

Final 3.0 Specification

PRISM Compliance [PRISMCOMP]

Describes three profiles of PRISM compliance for content and systems; includes normative material.

PRISM Advertising Metadata Specification [PRISMADMS]

Describes advertising metadata elements including those drawn from AdsML, GWG and Ad-ID; includes normative material.

The PRISM Basic Metadata Specification [PRISMBMS]

Describes the basic metadata elements contained in the PRISM namespace to describe article content; includes normative material.

The PRISM Contract Management Metadata Specification [PRISMCMMS]

Describes metadata elements from the PRISM Contract Management Metadata (pccm:)  namespace that are used to describe contracts and legal documents.

The PRISM Crafts Metadata Specification [PRISMCMS]

Describes the metadata elements contained in the PRISM Crafts Metadata Namespace (pcm:).  Includes normative material.

The PRISM Subset of Dublin Core Metadata Specification [PRISMDCMS]

Describes the metadata elements from the Dublin Core namespace that are included in PRISM; includes normative material.

The PRISM Image Metadata Specification [PRISMIMS]

Describes the metadata elements contained in the PRISM Metadata for Images Namespace and other related image namespaces, includes normative material.

The PRISM Recipe Metadata Specification [PRISMRMS]

Describes the metadata elements contained in the PRISM Recipe Metadata Namespace (prm:).  Includes normative material.

The PRISM Rights Summary Metadata Specification [PRISMRSMS]

Describes the metadata elements contained in the PRISM Rights Summary Metadata Namespace (prsm:).  Includes normative material.

The PRISM Usage Rights Metadata Specification [PRISMURMS]

Describes the metadata elements contained in the PRISM Usage Rights Namespace; includes normative material. This namespace will supersede elements in both the prism: and prl: namespaces in version 3.0 of the specification.

Some elements from PUR are referenced from the newer, more comprehensive PRISM Rights Summary Metadata Specification [PRISMRSMS].

Document

Description

The PRISM PAM Markup Specification [PRISMPAMMS]

Describes the XML elements and attributes used to encode the PRISM Aggregator Message from both the pam: and pim: namespaces; includes normative material.

The PRISM PAM Markup for Web Content Specification [PRISMPAMWMS]

Describes the XML elements and attributes used to encode the PRISM Aggregator Message for Web Content.  This Specification draws from both the pam: and pim: namespaces and includes normative material. PAMW is used to automate the harvesting of Web Content so that it may be sent to aggregators or stored in a publishers PAM-based content management system.

Document

Description

The PRISM Inline Markup Specification [PRISMIMS]

Describes the XML elements used to encode the inline markup for the PRISM Aggregator Message. Includes normative material.

Document

Description

The PRISM Controlled Vocabulary Markup Specification [PRISMCVMS]

Describes the metadata fields in the PRISM Controlled Vocabulary Namespace that can be used to describe a controlled vocabulary.   Actual PRISM controlled vocabularies are now placed in the PRISM Controlled Vocabularies Specification [PRISMCVS]

The PRISM Controlled Vocabularies Specification [PRISMCVS]

The PRISM Controlled Vocabularies are now documented in this document.

PRISM Source Vocabulary Specification Overview [PSVSO]

The Introduction to the PRISM Source Vocabulary provides an introduction and a non-technical overview of the PRISM Source Vocabulary.

PRISM Source Vocabulary Specification [PSVS]

The PRISM Source Vocabulary Specification defines semantically rich for source metadata and content markup that can be transformed and served to a wide variety of output devices including eReaders, mobile tablet devices, smart phones and print.

PRISM Source Vocabulary Markup Specification [PSVMS]

The PSV Markup Specification documents the XML tags in the PSV namespace that are used to encode XML Source Content.

Usage Vocabulary

Namespace

PRISM Basic Metadata

basic:

PRISM Aggregator Message (PAM) Markup

pam:

PRISM Controlled Vocabulary Markup

pcv:

PRISM Source Vocabulary

psv”

PRISM Inline Markup

psm

Dublin Core metadatap

dc:

RDF

rdf:

PAM aggregator/distributor package

pamp:

PRISM Crafts metadata

pcm:

PRISM Contract Management metadata

pccm:

PRISM advertising metadata

prism-ad:

PRISM rights language metadata

prl:

PRISM recipe metadata

prm:

PRISM usage rights metadata

pur:

PRISM Aggregation Type

The PRISM Aggregation Type CV provides values for prism:aggregationType.  This vocabulary specifies the unit of delivery for content, not only to aggregators but to distributors and devices.

PRISM Audience Sector

The PRISM Audience Sector CV provides values to define a category of targeted audience.

PRISM Compliance Profile

The prism:complianceProfile provides values to identify the compliance of a metadata instance.

PRISM Content Type

The PRISM Content Type CV provides values to identify the type of nextPub content building block and is used with the prism:contentType field.  This element can be refined by PRISM Genre metadata

PRISM Genre

The PRISM Genre CV provides values to identify the intellectual content of a resource in terms of its semantic, structural, and/or functional use and is used with the prism:genre element.

PRISM Issue Type

The PRISM Issue Type CV provides values that describes the issue type for a magazine or serial publication issue.  The controlled vocabulary provides values for the prism:issueType  field.

PRISM Platform

The PRISM Platform CV provides values to identify the delivery platform of a resource. PRISM Platform is more generic than dc:medium in that is used to specify the medium of the physical carrier of a resource in a much more precise way. The controlled vocabulary provides values for platform= attribute on elements that may vary depending on the delivery platform.

PRISM Presentation Type

The PRISM Presentation Type CV provides values for dc:type that specify presentation type for the resource.  For nextPub implementations, this controlled vocabulary provides class= attribute values for the HTML5 figure element to express the presentation type of the figure.

PRISM Print Ad Size

The PRISM Print Ad Size CV provides values for adsml-at:FixedPrintArea field.

PRISM Publishing Frequency

The PRISM Publishing Frequency CV provides values that describes the publication frequency for a magazine or serial publication issue.  The controlled vocabulary provides values for the prism:issueFrequency field.

PRISM Role

The PRISM Role CV provides values for the prism:role attribute for dc:creator and dc:contributor. While the role= attribute is optional, it provides a mechanism to provide more granular role metadata for a creator or contributor.

PRISM Tablet Ad Type

The PRISM Tablet Ad Type CV provides values for the prism:tabletAdType field.

PAM Class

The PAM Class CV provides values for elements in the PAM message that use the class= attribute to provide more precise description of elements or groups of elements. While the class attribute can be used with almost any XHTML element, it is most commonly used with p and div.

PSV Content Class

The PSV Content Class CV provides values for elements in the HTML5 body of an article or other content that use the class= attribute to provide more precise description. While the class attribute can be used with almost any HTML5 element, it is most commonly used with <p, <div and <h* heading tags.

PSV Figure Class

The PSV Figure Class CV provides values for markup of content within an HTML5 <figure

PSV Inline Class

The PSV Inline Class controlled vocabulary provides values for the markup of inline content in the HTML5 body of an article or other content.  These values should be used for the class= attribute should be used exclusively with the <span element.

Vocabulary Name

Base URI

PRISM Aggregation Type

aggregationtype.xml

PRISM Audience Sector

audiencesector.xml

PRISM Compliance Profile

complianceprofile.xml

PRISM Content Type

contenttype.xml

PRISM Genre

genre.xml

PRISM Issue Type

issuetype.xml

PRISM Platform

platform.xml

PRISM Presentation Type

presentationtype.xml

PRISM Print Ad Size

printadsize.xml

PRISM Publishing Frequency

pubfrequency.xml

PRISM Role

role.xml

PRISM Tablet Ad Type

tabletadtype.xml

PAM Class

pam.xml

PSV Content Class

psvclass.xml

PSV Inline Class

inlineclass.xml

PSV Figure Content Class

figureclass.xml

#blog

An online commentary, organized in a chronological fashion.

#book

A literary work, or a main division of such a work.  A book is a monograph while magazines or journals are serial periodicals.

#bookazine

A book containing ad materials

#catalog

Enumerations of items, usually arranged systematically, with descriptive details; may be in book or pamphlet form, on cards, or online. [AAT]

#feed

Digital delivery through a mechanism such as aggregators, RSS, email, newswire, etc.

#journal

A periodical containing scholarly articles or otherwise disseminating information on developments in scholarly fields. [AAT]

#magazine

A periodical containing articles, essays, poems, or other writings by different authors, usually on a variety of topics and intended for a general reading public or treating a particular area of interest for a popular audience. [AAT]  Magazines contain advertising.

#manual

Work containing concise information, often rules or instructions needed to perform tasks or processes. [AAT]

#newsletter

A regularly distributed publication generally about one main topic that is of interest to its subscribers.

#newspaper

A scheduled publication containing news of current events, informative articles, diverse features and advertising.

#other

Any other publication. Use is not recommended.

#report

A publication prepared by an analyst or strategist focusing on a specific topic such as a stock, industry sector, or geographic region.

#pamphlet

An unbound booklet.

#vook

A vook blends a book with high-quality video

#whitepaper

A white paper is an authoritative report or guide that helps to educate readers or helps them to make a decision.

#ageGroup

Audience sector divided by age groups such as infant, child, teenager, adult, etc.

#ageRange

Audience sector divided by age ranges such as 0-6 months, 1-3 years, 13-19 years

#countryRegion

Audience sector divided by country or region where a person resides

#educationalLevel

Audience sector divided by educational level such as high school or graduate school

#employmentStatus

Audience sector divided by employment status such as unemployed, part-time, etc.

#gender

Audience sector divided by whether a subject is male or female

#incomeRange

Audience sector divided by an income range such as $14,000 to $24,000, etc.

#maritalStatus

Audience sector divided by marital status such as single, married, separated, widowed

#raceEthnicity

Audience sector divided by significant biological and sociological factors.

#other

Any other audience sector.

Term

Definition

#one

PRISM Profile One (XML).

#two

PRISM Profile Two (RDF/XML)

#three

PRISM Profile Three (XMP)

#advertisement

Piece of material promoting a product, service, or event whose presence is paid for.

#article

A generic genre for an article from a magazine, magazine supplement, newsletter or journal. Recommended best practice is to refine further using more specific genre terms.

#blogEntry

A editorial unit of an online commentary, organized in a chronological fashion. Recommended best practice is to refine further using more specific genre terms.

#bookChapter

A main division of a book.  These divisions may be grouped into units or sections in some books.

#classifiedAdSection

An section containing brief advertisements often organized by subject matter such as automobiles, home appliances, jewelry, pets, etc.

#contentBlock

A block of content that can stand alone, be stored in a content management system as an independent unit and that may have its own metadata.

#frontCover

The text and images that appear on the physical front cover of a magazine, journal, book, etc. Not to be confused with the cover story.

#index

A detailed list, usually arranged alphabetically, of the specific information contained within an issue. There are many kinds of indices including a recipe index, an index of advertisers or an index of destinations for a travel magazine.

#introduction

Editorial content that provides a summary of content contained within a division of a publication.  This may be the introduction to a section of a magazine, a part of a book or a unit of study within a text book.

#masthead

Editorial content that provides the publication name and credits for the publication such as the owner, the publication staff and other contributors.

#navigationalAid

A structure that provides navigational links to other content within the publication.

#otherCover

A generic term for a cover, other than a front cover for a magazine, magazine supplement, journal or book.  Recommended bet practice is to refine further using more specific genre terms.

#abstract

A section featuring the most important points of a work.

#acknowledgement

Written recognition of acts or achievements.

#adaptation

Articles whose content, in whole or in part, is adapted from another work. There will be text in the article stating that it is an adaptation and indicating the source.

#advertorial

Editorial content promoting a product, service, or event that is paid for by an advertiser.

#analysis

Articles which cover a topic in depth by dividing it into parts for detailed examination.

#answers

The answers to a quiz or text presented in the publications

#appendix

A division of supplementary materials found at the end of a book.  Refines book chapter. 

#authorBio

Brief text about the author of a work.

#autobiography

Biography of an individual written by himself or herself. [AAT]

#backCover

The text and images that appear on the outside of the physical back cover of a magazine, journal, book, etc

#bibliography

A section describing lists of books or other textual materials arranged in some logical order giving brief information about the works, such as author, date, publisher, and place of publication; may be works by a particular author, or on a particular topic. [AAT]

#biography

A complete written account of the life of an individual. This is not to be confused with Profile, which documents noteworthy characteristics and achievements.

#box

Ancillary content that cannot standalone and is presented with an article.

#calendar

A calendar such as “upcoming events”

#cartoon

A pictorial image, typically a line drawing, using wit.

#chapter

A division of main material of a book.  Refines book chapter.

#chart

Content represented by a graphical representation of any sort of data by means of dots, lines, or bars; usually to illustrate relationships.  This includes graphs.

#chronology

A record of events in the order of their occurrence.

#clarification

A brief statement used to make ambiguous content or a statement in a published story clear.

#classifiedAd

An advertisement, usually brief, that appears in a publication under headings with others of the same category.

#column

Articles that appear in a “Columns” section on the table of contents or that are recurring, opinionated pieces. A column will normally have a title and be written by the same person every issue.

#correction

A new version of an item, replacing what was wrong in the previous version. May be referenced to previous version using prism:isCorrectionOf.

#coverStory

Cover story for a magazine, normally the single story most closely associated with the main cover description. The cover story may also be identified by the magazine in the table of contents. Rarely, there may be more than one cover story, as in the case of a “split” cover. Occasionally, a magazine may not have a cover story, because the cover image or text is not closely associated with a particular story.

#coverPackageArticle

An article relating to the Cover Story of an issue. Best practice is to relate these articles back to the cover using dcterms:isPartOf.

#dedication

Editorial content that provides a formal statement of respect or affection to one who has inspired the work.

#department

A short, regularly occurring non-feature article.

#diagram

Content represented by cross-sections and drawings that break down the various parts or features of what is pictured.

#electionResults

The results of an election.

#essay

Non-fiction article expressing an author's personal point of view about a subject.

#excerpt

An article in which the primary text or images have been excerpted from other sources, usually books.

#faq

A set of frequently asked questions with answers

#fashionShoot

A fashion-based photo essay.

#feature

A prominent or special article.

#featurePackageArticle

An article relating to a feature section in an issue. Best practice is to relate these back to the feature using dcterms:isPartOf.

#fiction

An article which is the creative expression of the author comprising works of imaginative narration, especially in the form of prose.

#financialStatement

Reports summarizing the financial condition of an organization on any date or for any period. [AAT]

#foreward

Editorial content that provides an introduction to a book.

#glossary

An alphabetical list of terms or words found in or relating to a specific subject, text, or dialect, with explanations.

#horoscope

A chart or diagram of the heavens, used in calculating births to foretell events in a person's life

#insideBackCover

The text and images that appear on the insside of the physical back cover of a magazine, journal, book, etc.

#insideFrontCover

The text and images that appear on the reverse side of the physical front cover of a magazine, journal, book, etc.

#interactiveContent

Content that invites a person to do something other than read or view the material and changes in response to user interaction.

#interview

Statements, transcripts, or recordings of conversations presented in Q and A format in which one person obtains information from another.

#jumpPage

A content block with the sole purpose of providing interactive links to other resources.  Often the jump page is highly designed and includes teasers, graphics, etc.  Should not be confused with #resources that simply presents a list of referenced resources.

#legalDocument

Documents having legal relevance. [AAT]

#letters

A specifically addressed and signed written communication. A letter sent to the editors of a publication expressing an opinion is an example.

#list

A list of items such as a “top ten” list of “best dressed” list”

#map

A unit of content containing a representation of a geographical physical space or area with associated text, such as “locations in this week’s news”.

#newsBulletin

Brief summary of breaking news.

#notice

Announcements given for a specific purpose.

#obituary

Published notices of a death, usually with a brief biography of the deceased. [AAT]

#opinion

An article in a publication expressing the opinion of its author. Do not confuse with a column, which provides recurring opinions.

#photoEssay

Articles in which the photographic content is given greater emphasis or significance than the text, and is thematic in nature.

#poem

A writing in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its ostensible meaning.

#poll

An inquiry into opinion conducted by interviewing a sample of people. [WORDNET]

#postscript

A note or series of notes appended to a completed letter, article, or book

#preface

A preliminary statement in a book by the author or editor that sets forth its purpose and scope, expresses acknowledgment of assistance from others, or explains how the work came to be.

#pressRelease

Official or authoritative statements giving information for publication in newspapers or periodicals. [AAT]

#productDescription

A description of a product with no editorial evaluation. (See “review”)

#profile

An essay presenting noteworthy characteristics and achievements for a place, organization or person.

#puzzle

A problem or contrivance designed to a to be solved by ingenuity or logic.

#qAndA

A set of questions and answers.  Similar to an interview but in the QA format.

#quiz

A set of quiz questions, possibly including the set of answers.

#quotation

A single quote or compilation of quotations presented as a single article.

#ranking

Contains a ranking, by number or from best to worst. Do not use for lists which do not have a ranked order.

#recipe

Sets of directions with a list of ingredients for making or preparing something, especially food. [AAT]

#references

A unit of content listing materials referenced by a book or other publication; possibly containing links to those materials.

#reprint

Use for articles whose content, in whole or in part, is reprinted. There will be text in the article stating that it is a reprint and indicating the issue in which it was originally published.

#resources

A unit of content describing related materials arranged in some logical order and possibly containing links to those materials.

#response

An answer or reply to a letter or a blog.

#review

Critical assessments of any type of media or product. The most common items reviewed are movies, shows, books, music albums, consumer products, and cars.

#schedule

Plans of procedure, showing the sequence of items or operations and the time allotted for each. (e.g. an agenda) Do not confuse with eventsCalendar. [AAT]

#scrubber

A navigation aid made up of thumbnails of each page or page set within a magazine.  In interactive editions each scrubber page view links the reader directly to that page.

#sectionList

A navigation aid made up of a sequential list of the editorial sections within a magazine.  In interactive editions each section displayed links the reader directly to the first page of that section.

#sectionTableOfContents

A navigation aid made up of a sequential list of the parts of an editorial section within a magazine.

#sidebar

Information placed adjacent to an article in a printed or web publication. It is graphically separate from the main text but is contextually related.

#stockQuote

Information on a company's stock price, too brief to be considered a financial statement.

#supplementArticle

An article of a supplement to a publication, such as an article within a magazine supplement.

#supplementBackCover

The back cover of a supplement to a publication.

#supplementFrontCover

The front cover of a supplement to a publication

#tableOfContents

A navigation aid made up of a sequential list of the parts of a work, with a page number link to where each part begins.

#transcript

Written record of words originally spoken, such as of court proceedings, broadcasts, or oral histories. [AAT]

#userComments

Comments provided by users or readers.

#userGeneratedContent

Content generated by users.  Also known as UGC.

#userReview

A review provided by users or readers

#wireStory

An article obtained through a news wire service.

#regularIssue

A regular issue is an issue of a periodical that would be included as a part of a subscription.  This applies even if a single issue is purchased from a newsstand.

#specialIssue

A special issue is an issue of a periodical that is of special interest and is not included as part of a subscription.  A special issue must be purchased individually, typically from a newsstand.

#broadcast

TV, Radio, PodCast (streaming audio and video).

#email

Text and images delivered by internet email, such as a newsletter.

#eReader

Content delivered to an eReader device

#mobile

Text and images delivered to a mobile device, such as a cell phone.

#other

A type not listed in this controlled vocabulary. Use is not recommended.

#print

Text and static images delivered as print on paper or other printable substrate.

#recordableMedia

Delivered on a recordable media such as CD or DVD.

#smartPhone

Content delivered to a smart phone mobile device.

#tablet

Content delivered to a tablet mobile device

#web

Viewable on a website with a browser.

#animation

A media block or figure that contains a sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D artwork that are displayed rapidly in sequence in order to create an illusion of movement.

#audio

A media block or figure that contains sound-based content.

#cartoon

A media block or figure that contains pictorial images using wit.

#chart

A media block or figure that contains representations of any sort of data by means of dots, lines, or bars; usually to illustrate relationships. This includes graphs.

#clip

A short segment of a work, typically in audio and/or visual presentation.

#codeBlock

A media block or figure, that contains computer code

#complexBlock

A media block or figure, that contains other figures

#diagram

A media block or figure that contains cross-sections and drawings that break down the various parts or features of what is pictured.

#gallery

A media block or figure that contains an array of text, images or other rich media.

#illustration

A media block or figure that contains drawings and paintings, but not photos of works of art. For example, do not use for a photo of The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci, or for a still from an animated movie or show like The Simpsons. These should be considered photos.

#infoGraphic

A media block or figure that contains a graphic that is heavily text-oriented.  May contain text superimposed over a photo, illustration, a map or a chart.

#interactive

A media block or figure that contains interactive content

#logo

Graphic images that are designed for ready recognition to identify a product, company, or organization and sometimes used as trademarks, and that are symbol- or picture-based. [AAT]

#map

A media block or figure that contains a representation of a geographical physical space or area.

#other

Another, non-defined presentation type.

#photo

A media block or figure that contains any and all photographs, except those which are significantly modified for some artistic purpose, or those which are part of a larger montage of photos and/or images.

#photoIllustration

A media block, or figure that contains photos which have been altered “artistically”, and which are primarily used as decoration rather than as a photograph. This includes digitally altered or enhanced photos, etc.

#photoMontage

A media block or figure that contains collage of many different photos.

#slideshow

A media block or figure that contains a display of a series of chosen images.

#spreadsheet

A media block or figure that contains a worksheet that is arranged as a mathematical matrix and contains a multicolumn analysis of related entries.

#table

A media block or figure that contains condensed, orderly arrangements of data, especially those in which the data are arranged in columns and rows. [AAT]

#video

A media block or figure that contains a format that captures moving visual images.

#doublePageSpread

A two page spread

#fullPage

A full page ad.

#twoThirdPageVert

A 2/3 page vertical ad

#twoThirdPageHoriz

A 2/3 page horizontal ad

#twoThirdPageSpread

A  horizontal ad that runs 2/3 of page across a spread

#oneThirdPageHoriz

A 1/3 page horizontal ad

#oneThirdPageVert

A 1/3 page vertical ad

#oneHalfPageVert

A 1/2 page vertical ad

#oneHalfPageHoriz

A 1/3 page horizontal ad

#oneHalfPageSpread

A  horizontal ad that runs 1/2 of page across a spread

#oneThirdPageSq

A 1/3 page square ad

#columnByLine

An ad that is measured as columns by lines; typically used for newspapers or classified ads in periodicals.

#freeFormOther

An ad that is free form; other than one of the above choices.  Examples may include StairStep, BarnDoor, U. L, or DoubleTruck.

#annually

Published once a year

#semiannually

Published twice a year

#quarterly

Published every 3 months, or once a quarter

#bimonthly

Published twice a month

#monthly

Published once a month

#biweekly

Published twice a week

#weekly

Published once a week

#daily

Published every day

#continually

Published continually as new content is added; typical of websites and blogs, typically several times a day

#irregularly

Published on an irregular schedule, such as every month except July and August

#other

Published on another schedule not enumerated in this CV

#amateur

An inexperienced person or organization that creates or contributes to content development.

#animator

A person or organization that draws two-dimensional figures, manipulates three dimensional objects and/or also programs the computer to move objects and images for the purpose of animated film processing.

#architect

A person or organization that designs structures or oversees their construction.

#artist

A person (e.g., a painter) or organization that conceives, and perhaps also implements, an original graphic design or work of art.

#author

A person or organization that conceives and implements a written work.

#cartographer

A person or organization responsible for the creation of maps and other cartographic materials.

#chef

The person who creates recipes and prepares food.

#choreographer

A person or organization that composes or arranges dances or other movements for a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment.

#cinematographer

A person or organization that is in charge of the images captured for a video production.

#commentator

A person or organization that provides interpretation, analysis, or discussion of a subject matter.

#composer

A person or organization that creates a musical work.

#correspondant

A person or organization that was either the writer or recipient of a letter or other communication.

#costumeDesigner

A person or organization responsible for costume design.

#director

A person or organization that is responsible for the general management of a multimedia work.

#draftsman

A person or organization that prepares technical drawings.

#editor

A person or organization that prepares a work not primarily his/her own for publication by adding introductory or other critical material or technically directing an editorial staff.

#fashionCoordinator

A person responsible for coordinating all fashions pictured together.

#fashionDesigner

A person or organization who designs fashions.

#foodStylist

A person who styles the presentation of food to be photographed.

#foodTester

A person who tests recipes.

#graphicDesigner

A person or organization responsible for graphic design.

#hairStylist

A person who creates hairstyles.

#host

A person who is invited or regularly leads a program (often broadcast TV, radio or podcast) that includes other guests, performers, etc. (e.g., talk show host).

#illustrator

A person or organization that creates a design or illustration.

#interviewee

A person who is interviewed.

#interviewer

A person who conducts interviews.

#interpreter

A person or organization that provides an oral translation between speakers who speak different languages

#layoutDesigner

A person or organization responsible for the layout design of a publication.

#makeupArtist

A person who creates a makeup design.

#musician

A person or organization that performs music or contributes to the musical content of a work.

#narrator

A person who is a speaker relating the particulars of an act, occurrence, or course of events.

#nutritionist

A person specialized in nutrition.

#other

Another, non-defined role.

#panelist

A person who takes part in an interactive panel presentation.

#performer

A person or organization that performs in a dramatic presentation or entertainment.

#photographer

A person or organization responsible for taking photographs, whether they are used in their original form or as reproductions.

#producer

A person or organization responsible for the making of a multimedia work, including management of the production and the commercial success of the work.

#programmer

A person or organization responsible for the creation of computer programs or scripts.

#recipeDeveloper

A person or organization that specializes in developing recipes.

#reporter

A person or organization that writes or presents reports of news or current events.

#researcher

A person or organization that played a primary role in a research project.

#researchAssistant

A person or organization that assisted in a research project.

#speaker

A person who participates in a program (often broadcast) and makes a formalized contribution or presentation.

#translator

A person or organization that renders a text from one language into another, or from an older form of a language into the modern form.

#tvHost

The host of a television show.

#writer

A person or organization chiefly responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a written work, usually printed text.

#SFP

(Straight From Print) Advertising content where the page on the screen looks exactly like (or is a replica of) the print page, with no interactive enhancements except for a single Web URL link

#SFPplus

(Straight From Print Enhanced) Editorial or advertising content where the page on the screen looks exactly like the print page with some interactive enhancements (beyond activation of a single Web URL link).

#DFT

(Designed For Tablet) Editorial or advertising content where the page on the screen has been re-designed specifically for reading on the tablet and is meant to be displayed at 100% (that is, there is no need to tap and zoom). (With no interactive enhancements except for a single Web URL link).

#EFT

(Enhanced For Tablet) Adding enhancements and bonus content to DFT editorial or advertising content to more fully utilize the tablet medium (e.g., hotspots, photo slide shows, video, audio, in-app browser).

#box

Ancillary content that cannot standalone and is presented with an article.

#caption

Text identifying or explaining, and printed in close proximity to, illustrations or other images. [AAT]

#credit

An acknowledgement, appearing in the style of a caption.

#byline

The byline (author) of the story.

#dateline

The geographical location where the story was filed, e.g., city, state, and/or country where the story originated.

#deck

A sub-head or secondary headline that generally is preceded by the article headline and precedes the body of the story.

#footnotes

Note above the footer of the page made up of the note and the reference to the note.

#introduction

The first section of an article that provides an introduction and is often formatted differently from the remainder of the article.

#lead-in

Eye-catching beginning to a caption.

#pullQuote

Eye-catching quote pulled from the text of the body of an article.

#recipe

A set of directions with a list of ingredients for making or preparing food.

#sidebar

A substantive piece of content that can stand alone and is presented as part of an article.

#teaser

A short description of the resource.

#title

The title of a story.

#box

Ancillary content that cannot standalone and is presented with an article.

#caption

Text identifying or explaining, and printed in close proximity to, illustrations or other images. [AAT]

#credit

An acknowledgement, appearing in the style of a caption.

#byline

The byline (author) of the story.

#dateline

The geographical location where the story was filed, e.g., city, state, and/or country where the story originated.

#deck

A sub-head or secondary headline that generally is preceded by the article headline and precedes the body of the story.

#footnotes

Note above the footer of the page made up of the note and the reference to the note.

#introduction

The first section of an article that provides an introduction and is often formatted differently from the remainder of the article.

#layer

Marks a layer of content, typically within a box, to be presented in interactive displays on digital devices or browsers.

#lead-in

Eye catching beginning to a paragraph or caption.

#pullQuote

Eye catching quote pulled from the text of the body of an article.

#recipe

A set of directions with a list of ingredients for making or preparing food.

#sidebar

A substantive piece of content that can standalone and is presented as part of an article.

#subtitle

The subtitle of the resource

#teaser

A short description of the resource.

#title

The title of the unit of content.

#event

A significant occurrence,  happening, gathering or activity.

#academicField

An area of academic specialization

#industry

A specific branch of manufacture or trade.

#keyword

A word used as a reference point for finding other words or information.

#link

A link to other information such as a URL, email or twitter hash tag.

#location

A geographic place such as “New York City,” “Georgetown,” or “Canada.”

#object

A material thing; either living or nonliving

#organization

A social unit, systematically structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals on a continuing basis.

#person

The name of a human individual, real or imaginary.

#profession

The name of a profession

#quote

The words attributed to a specific person or organization.

#sport

An athletic or intellectual sport

#ticker

The appearance of a stock symbol.

#timeframe

A mention of a temporal time frame such as “Dark Ages,” “Roaring Twenties,” or “Golden Age.”

#credit

An acknowledgement, appearing in the style of a caption.

#mediaTitle

The title of the media block or figure.

Vocabulary Name

Base URI

PRM Cooking Equipment

http://prismstandard.org/vocabularies/3.0/cookingequipment.xml

PRM Cooking Method

http://prismstandard.org/vocabularies/3.0/cookingmethod.xml

PRM Course

http://prismstandard.org/vocabularies/3.0/course.xml

PRM Cuisine

http://prismstandard.org/vocabularies/3.0/cuisine.xml

PRM Dietary Needs

http://prismstandard.org/vocabularies/3.0/dietary.xml

PRM Dish Type

http://prismstandard.org/vocabularies/3.0/dishtype.xml

PRM Ingredient Exclusion

http://prismstandard.org/vocabularies/3.0/exclusion.xml

PRM Meal

http://prismstandard.org/vocabularies/3.0/meal.xml

PRM Recipe Class

http://prismstandard.org/vocabularies/3.0/recipeclass.xml

PRM Recipe Source

http://prismstandard.org/vocabularies/3.0/recipesource.xml

PRM Skill Level

http://prismstandard.org/vocabularies/3.0/skilllevel.xml

PRM Special Occasion

http://prismstandard.org/vocabularies/3.0/specialoccasion.xml

PRM Time

http://prismstandard.org/vocabularies/3.0/time.xml

Term

Definition

#barbecueGrill

A device for cooking food by applying heat from charcoal or gas directly from below.

#blender

A kitchen appliance with whirling blades that blends ingredients.

#bread Machine

A kitchen appliance for baking bread by processing ingredients through a series of cycles including mixing, raising, kneading, and baking.

#broiler

A kitchen appliance that cooks foods by flaming them from the top.

#convectionOven

A home appliance that bakes food by moving fast hot air past the food rather than relying solely on heating elements.

#deepFryer

An electrical appliance or pan that enables the deep frying of food.

#fonduePot

A communal pot that can be filled with hot liquid to cook or coat food.

#foodProcessor

An electrical appliance with whirling blades that chops foods

#freezer

An electrical appliance that lowers temperatures to freeze foods.

#fryPan

A pan with a flat bottom designed for frying food.

#griddle

A large flat cooking surface that provides for a shallow frying.

#grillPan

A pan with raised ridges to mimic the wires of an open grill when frying food.

#iceCreamMaker

A machine that freezes ice cream by stirring and freezing the ice cream mixture.

#microwaveOven

A kitchen appliance that heats food by dielectric heating. This is accomplished by using microwave radiation to heat polarize molecules within the food.

#oven

A kitchen appliance that bakes using heating elements.

#pressureCooker

A cooking vessel that does not permit air or liquids to escape below a preset pressure, thus increasing the cooking temperature and lessening the amount of time to cook food.

#riceCooker

A kitchen appliance specifically designed to cook rice.

#sandwichOrPaniniPres Press

A kitchen appliance used to make paninis or warm sandwiches,  usually consisting of two hinged heated metal plates.

#slowCooker

A kitchen appliance that cooks foods slowly with low, constant temperature.

#waffleMaker

A kitchen appliance used to make waffles,  usually consisting of two hinged metal plates, molded to create the honeycomb pattern found on waffles.

#wok

A cooking vessel with a distinctive flared shape that enables a variety of Asian cooking methods.

Term

Definition

#bake

Prepare a recipe by baking.

#blend

Prepare a recipe by blending the ingredients.

#boil

Prepare a recipe by boiling the ingredients.

#braise

Prepare a recipe by braising the ingredients.

#broil

Prepare a recipe by broiling the ingredients.

#can

Prepare a recipe by preserving the ingredients by canning.

#deepFry

Prepare a recipe by deep frying the ingredients.

#fondue

Prepare a recipe by using the fondue technique.

#freeze

Prepare a recipe by freezing the ingredients.

#fry

Prepare a recipe by frying the ingredients.

#grillOrBarbecue

Prepare a recipe by grilling the ingredients.

#marinate

Prepare a recipe by marinating the ingredients.

#microwave

Prepare a recipe using a microwave cooking technique

#noCook

Recipe requires no cooking during preparation.

#press

Prepare a recipe by using a panini or sandwich press.

#roast

Prepare a recipe by roasting the ingredients.

#saute

Prepare a recipe by sauteing the ingredients.

#slowCook

Prepare a recipe by slow cooking the ingredients.

#steam

Prepare a recipe by steaming the ingredients.

#stirFry

Prepare a recipe by stir-frying the ingredients.

Term

Definition

#appetizer

A small first serving of a meal.  Often called an entrée or antipasto.

#beverage

A liquid accompaniment for the meal.

#dessert

The course at the end of a meal usually consisting of a “sweet,” cheese or fruit.

#mainCourse

The course containing the principle dish of the meal.

#saladCourse

A course consisting of cold salad.

#side

An additional dish served with the main course such as a vegetable or starch.

#african

Food typical in the African region.

#american

Food typical of America.

#asian

Food typical of Asian regions.

#austrian

Food typical of Austria.

#brazilian

Food typical of Brazil.

#britishOrIrish

Food typical of the British Isles.

#cajunOrCreole

Food typical of Cajun or Creole cultures

#california

Food typical of California.

#caribbean

Food typical of the Carribbean.

#centralOrSouthAmerican

Food typical of Central or South America.

#chinese

Food typical of China.

#cuban

Food typical of Cuba.

#easternEuropean

Food typical of Eastern Europe.

#french

Food typical of France.

#german

Food typical of Germany.

#greek

Food typical of Greece.

#hungarian

Food typical of Hungary.

#halal

Food permissible according to Islamic law.

#indian

Food typical of India.

#italian

Food typical of of Italy.

#japanese

Food typical of Japan.

#jewishOrKosher

Food permissible according to Jewish law.

#korean

Food typical of Korea.

#lebanese

Food typical of Lebanon.

#mediterranean

Food typical of the Mediterranean.

#mexican

Food typical of Mexico.

#middleEastern

Food typical of the Middle East.

#moroccan

Food typical of Moracco.

#nativeAmerican

Food typical of Native Americans.

#newEngland

Food typical of United States New England region.

#pacificNorthwest

Food typical of the United States Pacific North West.

#pacificRim

Food typical of the Pacific Rim countries.

#peruvian

Food typical of Peru.

#polish

Food typical of Poland.

#scandinavian

Food typical of Scandinavia.

#southern

Food typical of the Southern United States.

#southwest

Food typical of the Southwest United States.

#spanish

Food typical of Spain.

#swiss

Food typical of Switzerland.

#thai

Food typical of Thailand.

#vegan

Food free of animal products.

#vegetarian

Food based on plant products, with or without the inclusion of dairy products or eggs, and with the exclusion of meat.

#vietnamese

Food typical of Vietnam.

Term

Definition

#brainBoosting

Foods that improve the ability to concentrate, learn and think.

#boneBuilding

Foods that help build strong bones.

#diabetic

Foods that are low in sugar and carbohydrates.

#glutenFree

Foods that are free of gluten from wheat an related grain products.

#healthy

Foods that promote good health.

#heartHealthy

Foods that promote heart health.

#highFiber

Foods high in fiber.

#lactoseIntolerant

Foods that are dairy free.

#lowCalorie

Foods that are low calorie.

#lowCarbohydrate

Foods that are low carbohydrate.

#lowCholesterol

Foods that are low cholesterol.

#lowFat

Foods that are low fat.

#lowSaturatedFat

Foods low in saturated fat.

#lowSodium

Foods low in sodium

#sugarFree

Foods free or low in sugar.

#vegan

Foods free of animal products.

#vegetarian

Foods free of meat products.

#weightLoss

Foods that promote weight loss.

#appetizer

A starter, small plate or first course

#babyfood

A food made specifically for infants.

#beanPeaLegume

A food based on legumes.

#beverageAlcoholic

A drink with alcoholic ingredients.

#beverageNonalcoholic

A drink without alcoholic ingredients.

#bread

A food made of yeast raised dough that is baked or cooked.

#cakeOrCupcakes

A sweet, breadlike baked desert.

#candy

A sweet confection.

#casserole

A dish of meat and vegetables often baked in an oven

#cheese

A diverse group of milk-based foods.

#cookie

A small, baked treat, most often sweet.

#dairy

A food made from milk.

#dipOrSpread

A thick sauce to enhance flavor of a vegetable or cracker.

#egg

A food based on eggs.

#fishShellfish

A food based on fish or any shell fish.

#foodGift

Food that is given as a gift.

#frosting

A sweet spread for the top of a cake or cookie.

#fruit

A fleshy seed-associated structure of certain plants that are sweet and edible in the raw state such as an apple or banana.

#gravy

A sauce made often from the juices that run naturally from meat

#grill

A class of foods cooked by grilling.

#iceCreamOrSherbet

A whipped frozen desert.

#jellyJamPreserves

A fruit preserve, with or without pulp and seed.

#marinadeOrRub

A liquid or dry seasoning used to flavor or tenderize meat before cooking.

#meatOrGame

A food based on meat or wild game.

#muffinQuickBread

A bread not based on yeast raised dough.

#nuts

A large, usually oily seed of a plant such as a pecan or chestnut.

#pasta

A staple food of Italian cuisine based on unlevened dough.

#pizza

An oven-baked flat bread topped with sauces and cheese.

#picklesOrRelishes

A vegetable soaked in brine, vinegar and spices.

#piesTartsPastries

A baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients.

#poultry

Food based on a bird such as a chicken, duck or turkey.

#puddingsOrCustards

A rich, fairly homogeneous starch- or dairy-based dessert.

#saladOrSaladDressing

A dish, usually cold, of raw or sometimes cooked vegetables or fruits in various combinations, served with a dressing or sauce.

#sandwich

A food typically consisting of two or more slices of bread with one or more fillings between them.

#sauceOrCondiment

A viscous seasoning added to a dish to enhance or impart flavor.

#seafood

Food based on fish or shell fish.  See fish/shellfish.

#smoothie

A blended beverage made of fresh fruit.

#spiceHerbsSeasonings

A flavoring ingredient added to dishes to enhance or impart flavor.

#soupOrStew

Typically a warm food that is made by combining ingredients such as meat and vegetables with stock, water, or another liquid.

#stirFry

A combination of ingredients cooked together in a Wok at a high temperature for a short amount of time.

#stuffingOrDressing

A mixture of ingredients, often based on a starch, that is used to fill the cavity of another food item such as a turkey or roasted pepper.

#vegetable

An edible part of a plant other than the fruit or seed.

#alcohol

Foods or beverages that do not contain alcohol.

#dairy

Foods or beverages that do not contain dairy products.

#eggs

Foods or beverages that do not contain eggs.

#fish

Foods or beverages that do not contain fish.

#meat

Foods or beverages that do not contain meat.

#nutsOrPeanuts

Foods or beverages that do not contain nuts or peanuts.

#pork

Foods or beverages that do not contain pork.

#salt

Foods or beverages that do not contain salt.

#shellfish

Foods or beverages that do not contain shellfish.

#soy

Foods or beverages that do not contain soy.

#sugar

Foods or beverages that do not contain sugar.

#wheatOrGluten

Foods or beverages that do not contain wheat or other grains containing gluten.

Term

Definition

#breakfast

The first meal of the day.

#brunch

A combination of breakfast and lunch.

#buffet

A meal in which food is placed in a public area where the diners generally serve themselves.

#dinner

The main meal of the day.

#hors_d’Oeuvres

Appetizers or small plates.

#lunch

A light midday meal.

#supper

A light end-of-day meal.

#snack

A portion of food that is served any time between meals.

#cookTime

The time it takes to cook a recipe.

#duration

The total time to prepare the recipe.

#ingredient

A single ingredient.

#ingredientIntro

An introduction to a list of ingredients.

#ingredients

The ingredient list for the recipe.

#instructions

Step-by-step instructions for the preparation of the recipe.

#instructionsIntro

An introduction to a set of instructions.

#itemName

The name of an ingredient.

#ingredientHead

A heading within a list of ingredients.

#nutrition

Nutritional information for the recipe.

#nutrient

Information about an individual nutrient.

#nutrientName

The name of an individual nutrient.

#nutritionIntro

An introduction to the nutrition section of a recipe.

#otherTime

Other times to be specified about a recipe.

#prepTime

The time it takes to prepare a recipe.

#quantity

The number or amount.

#recipeDescription

Description of the recipe, like a teaser.

#recipeNote

Recipe notes such as "serving suggestions" or "Tips.”

#recipeTitle

Title of a recipe.

#servingSize

The size of a recipe serving.

#step

An individual instruction or step to prepare a recipe.

#stepHead

A heading over a number of steps to prepare a recipe.

#stepNote

A note about an individual step to prepare a recipe.

#totalTime

The total time it takes complete a recipe.

#unit

The unit of measure.

#yield

Yield of the recipe based on serving size or measurement.

Term

Definition

#amateur

The recipe source was an amateur chef.

#book

The recipe source was a cookbook.

#celebrity

The recipe source was a named celebrity.

#chef

The recipe source was a named chef.

#client

The recipe source was a client (or brand).

#contest

The recipe source was a named contest.

#magazine

The recipe source was a magazine.

#onlineWebsite

The recipe source was a website.

#readerSubmitted

The recipe was submitted by a reader.

#restaurant

The recipe source was a restaurant.

#sponsors

The recipe source was a sponsor for the recipe.  Often a brand.

#testKitchen

The recipe source was a named test kitchen.

#tvShow

The recipe source was a television show.

#children

Children can prepare this recipe.

#easy

This is an easy recipe to prepare.  A beginner can prepare the recipe.

#expert

This is a difficult recipe to prepare.  An expert cook is required to prepare the recipe.

#moderate

This is a moderately easy recipe to prepare.  An amateur cook can prepare the recipe.

#anniversary

Serve this recipe at an anniversary, especially a wedding anniversary.

#babyShower

Serve this recipe at a baby shower.

#barbeque

Serve this recipe at a barbeque.

#barBasMitzvah

Serve this recipe at a Bar/Bas Mitzvah.

#birthdayAdult

Serve this recipe at an adult birthday party.

#birthdayChild

Serve this recipe at a child’s birthday party

#bridalShower

Serve this recipe at a bridal shower.

#chineseNewYear

Serve this recipe on Chinese New Year.

#christmasDay

Serve this recipe on Christmas Day.

#christmasEve

Serve this recipe on Christmas Eve.

#cincoDeMayo

Serve this recipe on Cinco de Mayo.

#cocktailparty

Serve this recipe at a cocktail party.

#cookieSwap

This is a recipe for a cookie trading party.

#dinnerParty

Serve this recipe at a dinner party.

#easter

Serve this recipe at Easter.

#fathersDay

Serve this recipe on Father’s Day.

#fondueParty

Serve this recipe at a Fondue Party

#fourthOfJuly

Serve this recipe on Fourth of July.

#funeralOrWake

Serve this recipe at a funeral or wake.

#graduation

Serve this recipe at a graduation party.

#halloween

Serve this recipe on Halloween.

#hanukkah

Serve this recipe on Hanukkah.

#kwanzaa

Serve this recipe on Kwanzaa.

#laborDay

Serve this recipe on Labor Day.

#mardiGras

Serve this recipe on Mardi Gras.

#memorialDay

Serve this recipe on Memorial Day.

#newYearsDay

Serve this recipe on New Years’ Day.

#newYearsEve

Serve this recipe on New Years’ Eve.

#oscars

Serve this recipe at an Oscars party

#passover

Serve this recipe on Passover.

#picnicOrCookout

Serve this recipe at a picnic.

#potLuck

Serve this recipe at a potluck dinner.

#ramadan

Serve this recipe on Ramadan.

#roshHashanah

Serve this recipe on Rosh Hashanah.

#stPatricksDay

Serve this recipe on St. Patrick’s Day.

#superBowl

Serve this recipe at a Super Bowl party

#tailgating

Serve this recipe for tailgating.

#thanksgiving

Serve this recipe for Thanksgiving.

#valentinesDay

Serve this recipe on Valentines Day.

#yomKippur

Serve this recipe on Yom Kippur.

#wedding

Serve this recipe at a Wedding

#winterHolidayParty

Serve this recipe at a Winter Holiday party.

Term

Definition

#bake

The time it takes to bake.

#broil

The time it takes to broil.

#chill

The time it takes to chill.

#cool

The time it takes to cool.

#decorate

The time it takes to decorate.

#grill

The time it takes to grill.

#freeze

The time it takes to freeze.

#handsOn

The hands-on time it takes to prepare a recipe.  Includes time to chop, mix, and decorate.  Does not include time to marinate, freeze, bake, etc.

#marinate

The time it takes to marinate

#microwave

The time it takes to microwave.

#process

The time it takes in the food processor.

#rise

The time it takes a dough to rise.

#roast

The time it takes to roast

#slowCook

The time it takes to slow cook.

#stand

The time it takes for a food to stand.

#startTofinish

The time it takes from start to finish.  Should be equal to total time.

Vocabulary Name

Base URI

PMI Image Color

imagecolor.xml

PMI Image Orientation

imageorientation.xml

PMI Season

season.xml

PMI Setting

setting.xml

PMI Viewpoint

viewpoint. xml

PMI Visual Technique

visualtechnique.xml

Term

Definition

#bw

A black and white image.

#color

A full color image. (RGB or CMYK)

#duotone

A halftone image using the superimposition of one contrasting color halftone (traditionally black) over another color halftone.

#quadtone

A halftone image using the superimposition of three contrasting color halftones over another color halftone.

#sepia

A black and white image given a specialized treatment to add warmer tones.

#tritone

A halftone image using the superimposition of two contrasting color halftones over another color halftone.

Term

Definition

#horizontal

The image width exceeds the image height.

#vertical

The image height exceeds the image width.

Term

Definition

#fall

The third season of the year, or autumn.  The season following summer.

#spring

The first season of the year.  The season following winter.

#summer

The second season of the year.   The season following spring.

#winter

The last season of the year.  The season following fall.

Term

Definition

#indoor

The image was captured inside a building.

#outdoor

The image was captured outside.

#studio

The image was captured in a special workroom designed for photography.

Term

Definition

#above

The camera is directly over the subject, aiming down.

#aerial

The camera is very high such as in an airplane or satellite.

#below

The camera is directly under the subject, aiming up.

#center

The camera is directly centered on the front of the subject.

#closeup

The camera is close to the subject.

#detail

The camera is so close to the subject that details can be seen.

#distant

The camera is far away from the subject.

#front

The camera is in front of the subject

#offCenter

The camera is aiming at the subject, but off to the left or right of center.

#panoramic

The camera provides a wide angle view of the subject.

#profile

The camera is aiming at the side of the subject

#rear

The camera is directly behind the subject.

Term

Definition

#backlit

The subject is lit from the back.

#candid

The subject is captured in a natural situation, not posed.

#cool

The image has cool color tones (grey, blue, green).

#doubleExposure

The superimposition of two or more individual exposures to create a single photograph.

#flash

A flash was used to light the image.

#hdr

(High Dynamic Range) The image was created using an enhanced set of digital imaging techniques that allows a greater dynamic range between the lightest and darkest areas of an image than current standard digital imaging techniques or photographic methods

#motionBlur

The subject was captured visibly in motion.

#negative

The luminescence of the image is inverted.

#silhouette

An image consisting of an outline with a basically featureless interior.

#soft

An image created so there is a low degree of visual sharpness, slightly blurring or softening the edges of the subject.

#spotlit

A spot light was used to light the image.

#warm

The image has warm color tones (gold, brown, orange)

#wideAngle

The image was created with a lens that provides a wider angle view, often magnifying distance between objects while allowing greater depth of field.