Research sources

COGA (The cognitive accessibility task force) is backed by research into how learning and cognitive disabilities affect interaction with web technologies.

Methodologies

Our methodology, processes and plans are discussed in our Research plan. Our basic methodology is also outlined in our user research module.

Background Research Documents

This is background level research about the issues and challenges. It is useful for W3c groups, researchers, policy makers and people wanting more information

Sources Used in The Research Modules

Sources used for our research module publications are in two databased. They are

Older research modules and issue papers have citations in the relevant appendices.

Additional Sources Used in Making Content Useable V1

Research doc contains: Research by disability (latest draft: https://w3c.github.io/coga/user-research/) [[ https://www.w3.org/TR/coga-research-modules/%7CResearch Modules]] (also called issue papers) are on topics such as security, safety and how they are affected by cognitive disabilities. This set of modules looks at different Web technologies and provides:

detailed analysis of accessibility issues for people with disabilities that may require cognitive accessibility supports,
user needs,
areas for further research, and directions for solutions.

Research modules are primarily intended for groups in The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). For example, they are used as source material for Making Content Usable for People with Cognitive and Learning Disabilities.

The Struggle for Web eQuality by Persons with Cognitive Disabilities, Behavioral Sciences & the Law; 32(1): 4-32, P. Blanck, 2014. (Contributed by Lisa Seeman)
Memory Recognition and Recall in User Interfaces, Nielsen Norman Group, R. Budiu, 6 July 2014. (Contributed by Joseph Karr O'Connor)
Cognitive Web Accessibility: Research Sources (71), J. Rochford, Clear Helper, 2010. (Contributed by John Rochford)
Cognitive Web Accessibility: Guidelines Resources (70), J. Rochford, Clear Helper, 2010. (Contributed by John Rochford)
Cognitive Web Accessibility: Assistive Technology Resources (70), J. Rochford, Clear Helper, 2009. (Contributed by John Rochford)
Cognitive Web Accessibility: Readability Resources (70), J. Rochford, Clear Helper, 2009. (Contributed by John Rochford)
Making the Internet Accessible by People with Cognitive and Communication Impairments (PDF), Universal Access in the Information Society, 3(1), 48-56, Poulson, D.F. and Nicolle, C.A., 2004. (Contributed by E.A. Draffan)
Database of Cognitive Accessibility and Technology Resources, Coleman Institute for Cognitive Disabilities (Contributed by John Rochford)

Aging and Dementia

DEEP Guide: Creating websites for people with dementia (PDF), Innovations in Dementia, November 2013. (Contributed by Lisa Seeman)
Basic senior personas: a representative design tool covering the spectrum of European older adults, ASSETS '12 Proceedings of the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on computers and accessibility, 25-32, B. Wockl, U. Yildizoglu, I. Buber, B. Aparicio-Diaz, E. Kruijff, M. Tscheligi, 2012. (Contributed by Katherine Deibel)
Design recommendations for tv user interfaces for older adults: findings from the eCAALYX project, ASSETS '12 Proceedings of the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on computers and accessibility, 41-48, F. Nunes, M. Kerwin, P Alexandra-Silva, 2012. (Contributed by Katherine Deibel)
Understanding the role of age and fluid intelligence in information search, ASSETS '12 Proceedings of the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility, 119-126, S. Trewin, J.T. Richards, V.L. Hanson, D. Sloan, B.E. John, C. Swart, J.C. Thomas, 2012. (Contributed by Katherine Deibel)
Using ICT in activities for people with dementia, Social Care Institute for Excellence, 31 October, 2012. (Contributed by Lisa Seeman)
How voice augmentation supports elderly web users, ASSETS '11 The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on computers and accessibility, 155-162, D. Sato, M. Kobayashi, H. Takagi, C. Asakawa, J. Tanaka, 2011. (Contributed by Katherine Deibel)
Web Accessibility and Older People: Meeting the Needs of Ageing Web Users, S. Henry, Editor, W3C, 18 October 2010. (Contributed by Lisa Seeman)
Learning how older adults undertake computer tasks, Assets '09 Proceedings of the 11th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on computers and accessibility, 245-246, N. Hollinworth, F. Hwang, 2009. (Contributed by Katherine Deibel)
How older and younger adults differ in their approach to problem solving on a complex websites, Assets '08 Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on computers and accessibility, 67-72, P.G. Fairweather, 2008. (Contributed by Katherine Deibel)
WAI-AGE Project, W3C, 3 August 2007.
Changes in Cognitive Function in Human Aging, E. Glisky, Brain Aging: Models, Methods, and Mechanisms, D. Riddle, Editor, Chapter 1, CRC Press, 2007. (Contributed by Lisa Seeman)
What are the likely changes in society and technology which will impact upon the ability of older adults to maintain social (extra-familial) networks of support now, in 2025 and in 2040? UK Government Foresight evidence review with examples of the physical and cognitive challenges. Damant, J. and Knapp, M. 2015 (Contributed by E.A. Draffan)
Elderly text-entry performance on touchscreens Tremors causing errors in copy-typing tasks inc. substitution and insertion errors Nicolau, H., and Jorge, J. 2012. . In Proc. 14th Int. ACM SIGACCESS Conf. on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 127-134. (Contributed by E.A. Draffan)

Aphasia

AphasiaWeb: a social network for individuals with aphasia, ASSETS '13 Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, [4], H. Miller, H. Buhr, C. Johnson, J. Hoepner, 2013. (Contributed by Katherine Deibel)
Guiding principles for printed education materials: Design preferences of people with aphasia Tanya A. Rose, Linda E. Worrall, Louise M. Hickson, Tammy C. Hoffmann, International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 14:1, pages 11-23.(2012) (Contributed by E.A. Draffan)
The relationship between specific features of aphasia-friendly written material and comprehension of written material for people with aphasia: An exploratory study Brennan, A., Worrall, L. and McKenna, K., Aphasiology, 19(8), pp.693-711.(2005).
Accessible Information Guidelines Herbert R., Haw, C., Brown, C., Gregory E. and Brumfitt, S. London: Stroke Association.(2012)(Contributed by E.A. Draffan)
Mobile computing technology and aphasia: An integrated review of accessibility and potential uses Caitlin Brandenburg, Linda Worrall, Amy D. Rodriguez & David Copland, Aphasiology 27:4, pages 444-461.(2013) (Contributed by E.A. Draffan)

Autism

Software and technologies designed for people with autism: what do users want?, Assets '08 Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on computers and accessibility, 3-10, C. Putnam, L. Chong, 2008. (Contributed by Katherine Deibel)
SciTrain Accessible Science Classroom Course - Module 7: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, College of Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. (Contributed by Katherine Mancuso)

Intellectual Disabilities

Leveling the Playing Field: Improving Technology Access and Design for People with Intellectual Disabilities (PDF), Administration for Community Living, Administration on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, President’s Committee for People with Intellectual Disabilities, United States, October 2015. (Contributed by John Rochford)
Facebook tops list of preferences for people with intellectual disabilities, AbletoInclude.eu, March 2015. (Contributed by Steve Lee)
Premature deaths of people with learning disabilities: progress update, Department of Health, United Kingdom Government, P. Heslop, P. Blair, P. Fleming, M. Hoghton, A. Marriott, L. Russ, September 2014. (Contributed by Lisa Seeman)
Understanding the computer skills of adult expert users with down syndrome: an exploratory study, ASSETS '11 The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on computers and accessibility, 51-58, J. Lazar, L. Kumin, J. Heidi-Feng, 2011. (Contributed by Katherine Deibel)
Communication and people with the most complex needs: What works and why this is essential, Proceedings of the PMLD Network conference, J. Goldbart, 2010. (Contributed by E.A. Draffan)
Comparing evaluation techniques for text readability software for adults with intellectual disabilities, Assets '09 Proceedings of the 11th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on computers and accessibility, 3-10, M. Huenerfauth, L. Feng, N. Elhadad, 2009. (Contributed by Katherine Deibel)
Computer usage by young individuals with down syndrome: an exploratory study, Assets '08 Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on computers and accessibility, 35-42, J. Feng, J. Lazar, L. Kumin, A. Ozok, 2008. (Contributed by Katherine Deibel)
Making the computer accessible to mentally retarded adults, Communications of the ACM, G. Robertson, D. Hix, 45(4): 171-183, April 2002. (Contributed by Katherine Deibel)
Eliciting web site preferences of people with learning disabilities clear, larger text, simple icons and images Williams, P., Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 17(1), pp.49-63.2017.

Learning Disabilities (Dyslexia, Specific Learning Difficulties)

DysWebxia: A Text Accessibility Model for People with Dyslexia (PDF), L. Rello, PhD Thesis, Universitat Pompeau Fabra, 2014. (Contributed by Mike Pluke)
KY Math Etext Project- A Case Study: Math Curriculum Digital Conversion and Implementation, P. Lewis, L. Lee, S. Noble, B. Garrett, Information Technology and Disabilities E-Journal, 13(1), 2013. (Contributed by Richard Schwerdtfeger)
Accommodating Students with Disabilities in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM): Findings from Research and Practice for Middle Grades through University Education (PDF), N. Moon, R. Todd, D. Morton, E. Ivey, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, College of Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. (Contributed by Katherine Mancuso)
Using accessible math textbooks with students who have learning disabilities, P. Lewis, S. Noble, N. Soiffer], In Proceedings of the 12th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility (ASSETS '10), ACM, New York, NY, USA, 139-146, 2010. (Contributed by Richard Schwerdtfeger)
Evaluation of the Benefits of Assistive Reading Software: Perceptions of High School Students with Learning Disabilities, C. Hsin-Yu, L Chien-Hsiou, Assistive Technology: The Official Journal of RESNA, 23(4),: 199-204, November 2011. (contributed by E.A. Draffan)
SciTrain Accessible Science Classroom Course - Module 5: Learning Disabilities, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, College of Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. (Contributed by Katherine Mancuso)
SciTrain Accessible Science Classroom Course - Module 6: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, College of Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. (Contributed by Katherine Mancuso)
How to present more readable text for people with dyslexia Rello, L. and Baeza-Yates, R., Universal Access in the Information Society, 16(1), pp.29-49. 2017 (Contributed by E.A. Draffan)
Do autocomplete functions reduce the impact of dyslexia on information-searching behavior? The case of Google Berget, G. and Sandnes, F.E., Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 67(10), pp.2320-2328. 2016 (Contributed by E.A. Draffan)
Make It Big!: The Effect of Font Size and Line Spacing on Online Readability Rello, L., Pielot, M. and Marcos, M.C., In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 3637-3648). ACM.2016, May. (Contributed by E.A. Draffan)
Affording inclusive dyslexia-friendly online text reading postive impact of text to speech. Chen, C.J. and Keong, M.W.Y. Universal Access in the Information Society, 16(4), pp.951-965.2017 (Contributed by E.A. Draffan)