[Draft] Analysis and Change log for "Application Notes"
Page Contents
Latest version
Issues
Naming the notes
What should the Application Notes be called? The current working name is "Accessibility Tutorials" or "Tutorials" for short.
Post brain-storm and email discussion
The ideas and thoughts shared by email all had two terms in common, "Accessibility" and "Guides". So if we call them "Practical Accessibility Guides", "Accessibility How To Guides" or Accessibility Quick Start Guides", the title for the Labels page could be:
- Labels - Forms - Practical Accessibility Guides;
- Labels - Forms - Accessibility How-To Guides;
- Labels - Forms - Accessibility Quick Start Guides.
Each set of pages could then be called a Guide, and the navigation list could be headed up as "All Guides".
EOWG brain-storm 12 April 2013
(x) denotes the section topic, i.e. Tables or Forms:
- Instructions;
- How to's: with a range of variables that include the term "how to":
- how to create accessible (x);
- How to Guide;
- how to make good (x);
- Guide: with variables, such as:
- Quick guide;
- Quick guide for (x);
- Practical guide to accessible (x);
- Dummy's guide to accessibility;
- Best practices;
- (x) in practice;
- Creating (x):and the following variables,
- Creating accessible (x);
- Tips for creating (x).
The final choice should have the following attributes:
- Be relevant to the target audiences: developer, trainer and manager;
- Be a probable search string used for people searching for this type of resource;
- Seamlessly integrate with page and section topics for the page title.
Headings in Concept pages
The main content of concept pages such as "Forms concepts" has two headings, "Summary" and "Who benefits". In EOWG folks' view, are these headings appropriate, accurate and in the correct order? In other words, should "Rationale" be used instead of "Who benefits", and is it OK to start with a "Summary" or should this heading be "Overview"?
Terminology
The term "coding" has been used rather than "markup" to avoid potential misunderstanding. Does EOWG feel that this is a good idea or not, or is there a middle ground?
Purpose
To provide practical, authoritative guidance on implementing Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 in different contexts and situations.
Objectives
- Provide easy entry resources for people new to web accessibility
- Provide vetted information and examples to be reused broadly
- Provide guidance on advanced topics such as mobile applications
Goals
- Help developers to learn and get comfortable with WCAG 2.0
- Help developers avoid creating frequent accessibility barriers
- Help counter the impression that accessibility is too hard
- Provide guidance for developers advanced in accessibility
- Raise the overall accessibility skills/knowledge of developers
Audiences
The following audiences can be beginners, intermediate, or advanced in web accessibility:
- Developer: programmer, interaction designer, visual designer, content author, ...
- Trainer: formal instructor, informal tutor, in-house trainer, advocate, ...
- Manager: project manager, programme manager, lead developer, decision maker, ...
Primary audiences
- Developer wanting immediate help to do something (e.g. how to make my form accessible)
- Developer wanting to learn more about something (e.g. the concepts of an accessible form)
Other audiences
- Trainer wanting resources to build courses on (e.g. reusable resources on accessible forms)
- Manager wanting to get an overview on available resources (e.g. guidance for my developers)
- Authors of related resources on web development, such as the Web Standards Curriculm
Scenarios
Primary scenario examples include:
- A web developer wants to get started in learning (by doing) about web accessibility and WCAG 2
- A web designer wants to learn more about the design concepts for accessible layouts and colors
- A web designer wants to know how to make a website design work well for people with low vision
- A CMS developer wants help in developing templates that will create accessible tables and forms
- A web content author wants to learn about considerations for people with cognitive disabilities
- A web applications developer wants to know how to use WAI-ARIA to create accessible widgets
- A mobile web developer wants know how to create accessible mobile websites and applications
- A web developer wants to learn more about optimizing the keyboard interactions for a website
Other scenario examples (from 2011 f2f meeting include:
- Martina, web developer
- Andy, coder (after he's convinced)
- Marc, graphic designer
- Xiaoping Zhang, professor
- Who: Freelancer with good development skills, low accessibility skills.
- Motivation: Signed contract to develop accessible website. (uh, oh, what have we gotten ourselves into?!?)
- Need: Immediate information on addressing accessibility requirements.
Approach
Develop a library of short, focused tutorials and explantory resources on specific topics. This library contents is organized thematically to speak to tasks of the target audiences, potentially using terms and phrases they could be looking for in different situations (e.g. "fixing a template" or "applying WCAG2 on mobile apps").
Format
- Focused Tutorials: cook-book style and how-to manuals that developers can follow, and with many examples (ideally using working examples like BAD) that developers can copy & paste
- Explanatory Resources: narrative and instructional guidance on how to apply WCAG2 in specific contexts, such as considerations for people with cognitive, hearing, physical, ... disabilities
Content
The resources will discuss a theme or topic in a narrative approach to explain the related underlying WCAG 2.0 principles and concepts thematically. The resources will explain the applicability of related WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria, and will reference relevant WCAG 2.0 Techniques and sections of Understanding WCAG 2.0 where applicable (see WCAG 2.0 Overview for more information on these WCAG 2.0 resources).
Potential outline for most resources could be:
- Problem Description - description of the issue or topic being addressed
- Essential Aspects - immediate "answer" or explanation of the principles
- Beyond the Essential - discussion of possible refinements and improvements
Resources will also clearly address novice, intermediate, and advanced issues for different audiences.
Development
The resources will be edited by WAI Staff as part of the WAI-ACT Project (IST 287725), and will be developed with review, input, and approval of EOWG (as will all EOWG materials).
Possible Topics
Potentially 30-40 individual "notes" to be developed over the next 2.5-3 years; the exact topics and issues will be decided in coordination with EOWG:
- Components - focused tutorials using different technologies (HTML4, HTML5, WAI-ARIA, ...)
- Forms: input elements, form layout, pull-down menus, error messages, ...
- Tables: layout tables, simple data tables, complex data tables, ...
- Images: decorative images, charts and diagrams, photos, illustrations, ...
- Navigation: in-page navigation, on-site navigation, cross-links, ...
- Widgets: sliders, accordions, menus, dials, ...
- ...
- Technologies - explanatory resources on different technologies (HTML4, HTML5, WAI-ARIA, ...)
- WAI-ARIA: landmarks, roles, active regions, ...
- HTML5: sections, menu, ...
- ...
- Audiences - explanatory resources on optimizing website accessibility for different audiences
- People with cognitive disabilities
- Keyboard users (with and without vision)
- Older people
- People with low vision
- ...
- Contexts - explanatory resources on applying WCAG2 in different contexts and situations
- mobile websites
- mobile web applications
- content for digital TV
- ...
References
- HTML5: Techniques for providing useful text alternatives
- potentially related: Web Standards Curriculm TOC, HTML body list
- Developing Websites for Older People: How Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 Applies
- ...
Archive
misc
Ideas for Keyboard Access App Notes (WCAG Comment LC-1229):
Comment: Today, there are two levels of "being keyboard operable." One is simply being able to operated without using a mouse, with simple keystrokes such as the tab and the enter keys. The other, higher level is where author uses extensive client-side scripting to provide keyboard shortcuts. (The user interface of the Gail is an example.) In the latter case, many of the keystrokes provided by the author may conflict with keyboard commands provided by the UA (including the assistive technology.) Thus, in this case, it would not make much accessibility improvement especially for those using screen readers and other AT that make extensive use of keyboard. Explanation in the WCAG and the Subdocument should be clearer about this point.
Pending Response: This isn't something that would be handled in the guidelines themselves. This type of topic would be handled in an application notes. We would love to write an Application Note "Enhancing Keyboard Access to Web Content" that would provide guidance on assigning hotkeys, defining logical tab order, defining hotkeys shown on buttons, and defining tab indices for text focus and search functionality. It might also discuss the topic of "number of keystrokes to perform the equivalent of one mouse action" but it won’t be able to define "comparable access" since it would differ so much based on individual abilities to point or create keystrokes. User agent support for access keys is so bad that developers have started looking for server-side solutions that allow users to define access keys (see http://juicystudio.com/article/user-defined-accesskeys.php and http://juicystudio.com/article/user-defined-access-keys-aspversion.php). If you are aware of a good paper or application note on this we would be most interested.