Unusual Words:
Understanding SC 3.1.3
3.1.3 Unusual Words: A mechanism is available for identifying specific definitions of words or phrases used in an unusual or restricted way, including idioms and jargon. (Level AAA)
Intent of this Success Criterion
Certain disabilities make it difficult to understand nonliteral word usage and specialized words or usage. Certain disabilities make it difficult to understand figurative language or specialized usage. Providing such mechanisms is vital for these audiences. Specialized information intended for non-specialist readers is encouraged to satisfy this Success Criterion, even when claiming only Single-A or Double-A conformance.
Specific Benefits of Success Criterion 3.1.3:
This Success Criterion may help people with cognitive, language and learning disabilities who:
have difficulty decoding words
have difficulty understanding words and phrases
have difficulty using context to aid understanding
It would also help people with visual disabilities who:
lose context when zoomed-in with a screen magnifier
Examples of Success Criterion 3.1.3
Text that includes a definition for a word used in an unusual way.
Organize the list or "cascade" of dictionaries and other resources so that the definition search will find the intended definitions instead of displaying definitions from other sources in the "cascade." (The "cascade" lists the dictionaries and other reference materials in the order most likely to bring up the right definition. This controls the order to follow when searching for definitions.)
Including definitions in the glossary.
WCAG 2.0 uses the word "text" in a specific way. Thus, when the word "text" is used within WCAG 2.0 it is linked to the definition of "text" provided in a glossary within the same Web page.
The specific definition of a word is provided at the bottom of the page.
The internal link from the word to the corresponding definition is also provided within the page.
Related Resources
Resources are for information purposes only, no endorsement implied.
Note: The inclusion of a product or vendor name in the list below does not constitute an endorsement by the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Working Group or the Web Accessibility Initiative of the World Wide Web Consortium. This list is provided simply for convenience and to give users an idea of what resources may be available
Free bilingual dictionaries for a number of languages are available from the Freedict.org Web site. The dictionaries are of uneven quality and size as noted on the site. Retrieved 9 April 2005.
The WorldStar Free Dictionaries, Translators and Search Engines site provides access to free on-line dictionaries and search engines in many languages. Retrieved 18 November 2005.
More dictionaries are at your dictionary, freelang.com (in English, Spanish and French!) and many other places.
Techniques and Failures for Success Criterion 3.1.3 - Unusual Words
Each numbered item in this section represents a technique or combination of techniques that the WCAG Working Group deems sufficient for meeting this Success Criterion. The techniques listed only satisfy the Success Criterion if all of the WCAG 2.0 conformance requirements have been met.
Sufficient Techniques
Instructions: Select the situation below that matches your content. Each situation includes techniques or combinations of techniques that are known and documented to be sufficient for that situation.
Situation A: If the word or phrase has a unique meaning within the Web page:
G101: Providing the definition of a word or phrase used in an unusual or restricted way for the first occurrence of the word or phrase in a Web page using one of the following techniques:
G101: Providing the definition of a word or phrase used in an unusual or restricted way for each occurrence of the word or phrase in a Web page using one of the following techniques:
Situation B: If the word or phrase means different things within the same Web page:
G101: Providing the definition of a word or phrase used in an unusual or restricted way for each occurrence of the word or phrase in a Web page using one of the following techniques:
Additional Techniques (Advisory) for 3.1.3
Although not required for conformance, the following additional techniques should be considered in order to make content more accessible. Not all techniques can be used or would be effective in all situations.
Using markup and visual formatting to help users recognize words that have special meaning (future link)
Providing a voice-enabled dictionary search so that users who have difficulty typing or spelling can speak the word whose definition they need (future link)
Providing a sign language dictionary to help users who are deaf find the necessary definitions (future link)
Providing a mechanism for finding definitions for all words in text content (future link)
Providing a mechanism to determine the meaning of each word or phrase in text content (future link)
Avoiding unusual foreign words (future link)
Using a series of dictionaries in cascading fashion to provide meanings (future link)
Common Failures for SC 3.1.3
The following are common mistakes that are considered failures of Success Criterion 3.1.3 by the WCAG Working Group.
(No failures currently documented)
Key Terms
- idiom
phrase whose meaning cannot be deduced from the meaning of the individual words and the specific words cannot be changed without losing the meaning
Note: idioms cannot be translated directly, word for word, without losing their (cultural or language-dependent) meaning.
Example 1: In English, "spilling the beans" means "revealing a secret." However, "knocking over the beans" or "spilling the vegetables" does not mean the same thing.
Example 2: In Japanese, the phrase "さじを投げる" literally translates into "he throws a spoon," but it means that there is nothing he can do and finally he gives up.
Example 3: In Dutch, "Hij ging met de kippen op stok" literally translates into "He went to roost with the chickens," but it means that he went to bed early.
- jargon
words used in a particular way by people in a particular field
Example: The word StickyKeys is jargon from the field of assistive technology/accessibility.
- mechanism
process or technique for achieving a result
Note 1: The mechanism may be explicitly provided in the content, or may be relied upon to be provided by either the platform or by user agents, including assistive technologies.
Note 2: The mechanism needs to meet all success criteria for the conformance level claimed.
- used in an unusual or restricted way
words used in such a way that requires users to know exactly which definition to apply in order to understand the content correctly
Example: The term "gig" means something different if it occurs in a discussion of music concerts than it does in article about computer hard drive space, but the appropriate definition can be determined from context. By contrast, the word "text" is used in a very specific way in WCAG 2.0, so a definition is supplied in the glossary.