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This bug applies to the following testcase: msData/schema/schZ015.xsd The empty schemaLocation attribute means that the document is trying to <import> itself. Therefore this testcase is not valid, and an error should be thrown.
Agreed that this test should not be published as a compliance suite. We are following up with the WG to determine the process of updating the test suite.
Noted that although the spec says: "It is not an error for the application schema reference strategy to fail." In this case the strategy might well succeed (treating "" as a same-document reference) and access a schema document whose target namespace is the wrong namespace, which would be an error. So it all depends on how the schema-location is resolved, which is implementation-dependent.
WG decided on 2010-03-26 to mark this "implementation define".