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Here are a few proposals for the language tag checking functionality, based on experience developers made deploying and modifying the validator.nu library at https://code.google.com/p/okapi-xliff-toolkit/source/browse/okapi/libraries/lib-xliff/src/main/java/net/sf/okapi/lib/xliff2/lang/Language.java 1) Private use tags Validating this document <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="de-x-a"> ...</html> creates this error message: "Bad value de-x-a for attribute lang on element html: Private use subtag a is too short." But such a value should be OK: private use subtags can be of length 1. Looking at this code https://whattf.svn.cvsdude.com/syntax/trunk/relaxng/datatype/java/src/org/whattf/datatype/Language.java (not sure if is the correct place to look at actually) This could be fixed by replacing "subtag.length() < 2" with "subtag.length() < 1" in the below: if (subtag.length() < 2) { throw newDatatypeException("Private use subtag ", subtag, " is too short."); } 2) Some language tag issues are reported as errors, e.g. for <html lang="de-latn-de"> You get " Bad value de-latn-de for attribute lang on element html: Language tag should omit the default script for the language." It may make sense to report such errors as warnings, not as errors, since the issues are based on SHOULD NOT statements in BCP47. Code fixes for 2) have been made in https://code.google.com/p/okapi-xliff-toolkit/source/browse/okapi/libraries/lib-xliff/src/main/java/net/sf/okapi/lib/xliff2/lang/Language.java by adding "Warning: " to issues that report SHOULD NOT violations. So the fastest fix for this may be to re-classify all errors that start with "Warning: " as warnings in the W3C validator.