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Under both current-group() and current-grouping-key() (14.2.1/14.2.2) we have the note The function is classified as focus-dependentFO30, which means that it cannot be used with higher-order functions. Specifically, current-group#0 will not be recognized as a function literal. This Note is no longer true. The rules were changed so that focus-dependent functions can be invoked dynamically. The closure of the function captures the context value at the point the function item was created. We should either delete the Note, or replace it by one that reflects the current specification.
We discussed this in Prague and agreed with the analysis.
The Notes have been updated.
The analysis in the original posting is not quite correct; as a result of our decision on bug #23631, any dynamic function call that invokes current-group() or current-grouping-key() directly or indirectly behaves as if the relevant context values are absent, that is, it raises a dynamic error.