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In 4.5.1.1. "Interface object [[Call]] method", in the overload resolution algorithm, step 9.4.1 says: If the argument at index i is declared with a default value, then append to values that default value. But: the argument at index i of what? Of some callable, presumably, but there isn't a distinguished callable at this point in the algorithm, because there are still multiple entries in S. (Contrast with steps 12.4.1 and 13.1, where there *is* a single callable.)
All entries in S at this point have the same type and optionality value at index i. This is now clarified by a note. Closing.