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It seems the spec does say anything. I think HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR should be raised.
Are you sure we need to do anything here? ShadowRoot is a DocumentFragment (since it inherits from a DocumentFragment), and there's a pretty clear algorithm of what should be done in DOM4 spec: http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/domcore/raw-file/tip/Overview.html#concept-node-append
(In reply to comment #1) > Are you sure we need to do anything here? ShadowRoot is a DocumentFragment > (since it inherits from a DocumentFragment), and there's a pretty clear > algorithm of what should be done in DOM4 spec: > http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/domcore/raw-file/tip/Overview.html#concept-node-append I just thought appending a shadow root into an element seems something weird. I understand the fact that ShadowRoot extends DocumentFragment, but I was thinking ShdaowRoot was a something special. It is not intuitive for me that we can do appending a shadow root. But this is intentional, I try to understand why ShdowRoot is extended from DocumentFragment.