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The grammar is loose in places, e.g. allowing unaryMinus operators to have more than one argument. Switching to elements for operators (see bug 1401) could allow the grammar to be tightened in this area.
The Query WG has considered your comment and agrees with it. A new XQueryX schema has been developed that uses elements for operators and thus tightens up the grammar as requested. When a new edition of the XQueryX spec is published, we hope that you will review it and, if, you find the changes satisfactory, mark this comment as CLOSED. We appreciate your feedback on the XML Query specifications. Please let us know if this response is satisfactory. If not, please respond to this message, explaining your concerns. Jim Melton On behalf of the XML Query Working Group
The Schema WG is satisfied with these changes.