Cover page images (keys)

State of the Semantic Web

Bangalore, 23 February, 2007

Ivan Herman, W3C

What will I talk about?

 

Let us look at some results first!

The basics: RDF(S)

The basics: RDF(S) (cont.)

Ontologies: OWL

Ontologies

Vocabularies

A mix of vocabularies/ontologies (from life sciences)…

diagram showing a large number of HC related ontologies bound via a RFD-like graph

Ontologies, Vocabularies

Querying RDF: SPARQL

SPARQL as the only interface to RDF data?

SELECT ?translator ?translationTitle ?originalTitle ?originalDate
FROM <http://…/Translations.rdf>
FROM <http://…/tr.rdf>
…
WHERE {
   ?trans rdf:type trans:Translation;
		  trans:translationFrom ?orig;
		  trans:translator      [ contact:fullName ?translator ];
		  dc:language           "fr";
		  dc:title              ?translationTitle.
   ?orig  rdf:type rec:REC;
		  dc:date               ?originalDate;
		  dc:title              ?originalTitle.
}
ORDER BY ?translator ?originalDate

A word of warning on SPARQL…

Of course, not everything is so rosy…

Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS)

Example: Entries in a Glossary (1)

“Assertion”
“(i) Any expression which is claimed to be true. (ii) The act of claiming something to be true.”
“Class”
“A general concept, category or classification. Something used primarily to classify or categorize other things.”
“Resource”
“(i) An entity; anything in the universe. (ii) As a class name: the class of everything; the most inclusive category possible.”

(from the RDF Semantics Glossary)

Example: Entries in a Glossary (2)

A slide for a simple SKOS glossary

Example: Taxonomy (1)

Illustrates “broader” and “narrower”

General
  • Travelling
  • Politics
SemWeb
  • RDF
    • OWL

(From MortenF’s weblog categories. Note that the categorization is arbitrary!)

Example: Taxonomy (2)

A slide for a simple SKOS taxonomy

Example: Thesaurus (1)

Term
Economic cooperation
Used For
Economic co-operation
Broader terms
Economic policy
Narrower terms
Economic integration, European economic cooperation, …
Related terms
Interdependence
Scope Note
Includes cooperative measures in banking, trade, …

(from UK Archival Thesaurus)

Example: Thesaurus (2)

A slide for a simple SKOS thesaurus

SKOS Core Overview

Why Having SKOSand OWL?

How to get RDF data?

Data may be around already…

Data may be extracted (a.k.a. “scraped”)

Getting structured data to RDF: GRDDL

Getting structured data to RDF: RDFa

GRDDL & RDFa example: Ivan’ home page…

screen dump of Ivan's home page at W3C

…marked up with GRDDL headers…

source highlighting the GRDDL headers

…and hCard microformat tags…

source highlighting the GRDDL headers

…yielding; …

<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
         xmlns:dataview="http://www.w3.org/2003/g/data-view#"
         xml:base="http://www.w3.org/People/Ivan/">
   <c:Vcalendar xmlns:r="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
                xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/icaltzd#"
                xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
      <c:prodid>-//connolly.w3.org//palmagent 0.6 (BETA)//EN</c:prodid>
      <c:version>2.0</c:version>
      <c:component>
         <c:Vevent r:about="#ac06">
            <summary xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/icaltzd#" xml:lang="en">W3C@10, 
				W3C AC Meeting and W3C Team day</summary>
            <dtstart xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/icaltzd#"
                     r:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2006-11-28</dtstart>
            <dtend xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/icaltzd#"
                   r:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2006-12-03</dtend>
            <url xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/icaltzd#"
                 r:resource="http://www.w3.org/Member/Meeting/2006ac/November/"/>
            <location xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/icaltzd#" xml:lang="en">Tokyo, Japan</location>
            <geo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/icaltzd#" r:parseType="Resource">
               <r:first r:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double">35.670685</r:first>
               <r:rest r:parseType="Resource">
                  <r:first r:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double">139.770813</r:first>
                  <r:rest r:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
               </r:rest>
            </geo>
        </c:Vevent>
      </c:component>
      …

(see the full file if interested…)

…marked up with RDFa tags…

source highlighting the RDFa tags

…yielding; …

<rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" 
         xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"  
         xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" >
  <foaf:Person rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/People/Ivan/#me">
    <foaf:mbox rdf:resource="mailto:ivan@w3.org"/>
    <foaf:workInfoHomepage rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Offices"/>
    <foaf:workInfoHomepage rdf:resource="http://www.iw3c2.org"/>
    <foaf:workInfoHomepage rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw"/>
    <foaf:name>Ivan Herman</foaf:name>
    <foaf:workplaceHomepage rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org"/>
    <foaf:schoolHomepage rdf:resource="http://www.elte.hu/"/>
      …

(see the full file if interested…)

Linking to SQL

SPARQL as a unifying point?

diagram showing a sparql that can be connected to an rdf datafile, a document via grddl, and to a database via an sparql/sql bridge

Missing features, functionalities…

Rules

Some typical use cases

In an ideal World…

diagram showing star-like format of ellipses representing rule systems, all with dual arrows connected to a box stating 'full RIF format'

In the real World…

RIF “core”: only partial interchange

diagram showing star-like format of ellipses each with a yellow box core, and a separate core box in the middle to which all connect

RIF “variants”

like the core diagram, but each core is surrounded by different sized rectangles

Possible variants: F-logic, production rules, fuzzy logic systems, …; none of these have been finalized yet

Role of variants

core figure
core figures plus a cloud of rule systems core figures plus a cloud of rule systems clustered around variants with exchange arrows core figures plus a cloud of rule systems clustered around variants with exchange arrows

“Light” ontologies

Other items…

(Need a new PhD topic?wink smiley)

A major problem: messaging

RDF RDF/XML!

RDF RDF/XML! (cont.)

RDF is not that complex…

Semantic Web Ontologies on the Web!

SW Ontologies some central, big ontology!

Remember?

diagram showing a large number of HC related ontologies bound via a RFD-like graph

Semantic Web an academic research only!

Some RDF deployment areas

The “corporate” landscape is moving

Data integration

Example: antibodies demo

Antibodies' demo screen dump

There has been lots of R&D

MuseoSuomi Application dump Traditional Chinese medicine example dump

Portals

Vodafone screen dump

Improved Search via Ontology: GoPubMed

GoPubMed Application dump

Other Application Areas Come to the Fore

One last word…

 

Thank you for your attention!

These slides will be publicly available on:

http://www.w3.org/2007/Talks/0223-Bangalore_IH/

in XHTML and PDF formats; the XHTML version has active links that you can follow