Internationalized Resource Identifiers - Server-side - slide "XML 1.0 'Leftover': IRIs (Internationalized Resource Identifiers)"

Direct representation of non-ASCII characters e.g. in XML
Uniform encoding of non-ASCII characters in URIs via UTF-8
Increasing importance because of IDN (internationalized domain names)
IRIs used in XML, XML Schema (anyURI), XLink, XPointer, XForms,...
IDN Examples: räksmörgås.josefsson.org (xn--rksmrgs-5wao1o.josefsson.org), 納豆.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp (xn--99zt52a.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp)
mod_fileiri for path/file part on Apache (talk)