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The F+O spec states in 5.6.1: The presence of the optional ?: has no effect on the set of strings that match the regular expression This is not strictly true. In the presence of back-references it can index change the set of strings that match the regex. I am fixing this by adding "In the absence of back-references (see below), " to the start of the sentence.
The WG agrees
The changes had already been applied to the spec.