13 September 2001

1. Document Object Model Core

Editors:
Arnaud Le Hors, IBM
Philippe Le Hégaret, W3C
Gavin Nicol, Inso EPS (for DOM Level 1)
Lauren Wood, SoftQuad, Inc. (for DOM Level 1)
Mike Champion, ArborText (for DOM Level 1 from November 20, 1997)
Steve Byrne, JavaSoft (for DOM Level 1 until November 19, 1997)

Table of contents

1.1. Overview of the DOM Core Interfaces

This section defines a set of objects and interfaces for accessing and manipulating document objects. The functionality specified in this section (the Core functionality) is sufficient to allow software developers and web script authors to access and manipulate parsed HTML and XML content inside conforming products. The DOM Core API also allows creation and population of a Document object using only DOM API calls; loading a Document and saving it persistently is left to the product that implements the DOM API.

1.1.1. The DOM Structure Model

The DOM presents documents as a hierarchy of Node objects that also implement other, more specialized interfaces. Some types of nodes may have child nodes of various types, and others are leaf nodes that cannot have anything below them in the document structure. For XML and HTML, the node types, and which node types they may have as children, are as follows:

The DOM also specifies a NodeList interface to handle ordered lists of Nodes, such as the children of a Node, or the elements returned by the getElementsByTagName method of the Element interface, and also a NamedNodeMap interface to handle unordered sets of nodes referenced by their name attribute, such as the attributes of an Element. NodeList and NamedNodeMap objects in the DOM are live; that is, changes to the underlying document structure are reflected in all relevant NodeList and NamedNodeMap objects. For example, if a DOM user gets a NodeList object containing the children of an Element, then subsequently adds more children to that element (or removes children, or modifies them), those changes are automatically reflected in the NodeList, without further action on the user's part. Likewise, changes to a Node in the tree are reflected in all references to that Node in NodeList and NamedNodeMap objects.

Finally, the interfaces Text, Comment, and CDATASection all inherit from the CharacterData interface.

1.1.2. Memory Management

Most of the APIs defined by this specification are interfaces rather than classes. That means that an implementation need only expose methods with the defined names and specified operation, not implement classes that correspond directly to the interfaces. This allows the DOM APIs to be implemented as a thin veneer on top of legacy applications with their own data structures, or on top of newer applications with different class hierarchies. This also means that ordinary constructors (in the Java or C++ sense) cannot be used to create DOM objects, since the underlying objects to be constructed may have little relationship to the DOM interfaces. The conventional solution to this in object-oriented design is to define factory methods that create instances of objects that implement the various interfaces. Objects implementing some interface "X" are created by a "createX()" method on the Document interface; this is because all DOM objects live in the context of a specific Document.

The Core DOM APIs are designed to be compatible with a wide range of languages, including both general-user scripting languages and the more challenging languages used mostly by professional programmers. Thus, the DOM APIs need to operate across a variety of memory management philosophies, from language bindings that do not expose memory management to the user at all, through those (notably Java) that provide explicit constructors but provide an automatic garbage collection mechanism to automatically reclaim unused memory, to those (especially C/C++) that generally require the programmer to explicitly allocate object memory, track where it is used, and explicitly free it for re-use. To ensure a consistent API across these platforms, the DOM does not address memory management issues at all, but instead leaves these for the implementation. Neither of the explicit language bindings defined by the DOM API (for ECMAScript and Java) require any memory management methods, but DOM bindings for other languages (especially C or C++) may require such support. These extensions will be the responsibility of those adapting the DOM API to a specific language, not the DOM Working Group.

1.1.3. Naming Conventions

While it would be nice to have attribute and method names that are short, informative, internally consistent, and familiar to users of similar APIs, the names also should not clash with the names in legacy APIs supported by DOM implementations. Furthermore, both OMG IDL and ECMAScript have significant limitations in their ability to disambiguate names from different namespaces that make it difficult to avoid naming conflicts with short, familiar names. So, DOM names tend to be long and descriptive in order to be unique across all environments.

The Working Group has also attempted to be internally consistent in its use of various terms, even though these may not be common distinctions in other APIs. For example, the DOM API uses the method name "remove" when the method changes the structural model, and the method name "delete" when the method gets rid of something inside the structure model. The thing that is deleted is not returned. The thing that is removed may be returned, when it makes sense to return it.

1.1.4. Inheritance vs. Flattened Views of the API

The DOM Core APIs present two somewhat different sets of interfaces to an XML/HTML document: one presenting an "object oriented" approach with a hierarchy of inheritance, and a "simplified" view that allows all manipulation to be done via the Node interface without requiring casts (in Java and other C-like languages) or query interface calls in COM environments. These operations are fairly expensive in Java and COM, and the DOM may be used in performance-critical environments, so we allow significant functionality using just the Node interface. Because many other users will find the inheritance hierarchy easier to understand than the "everything is a Node" approach to the DOM, we also support the full higher-level interfaces for those who prefer a more object-oriented API.

In practice, this means that there is a certain amount of redundancy in the API. The Working Group considers the "inheritance" approach the primary view of the API, and the full set of functionality on Node to be "extra" functionality that users may employ, but that does not eliminate the need for methods on other interfaces that an object-oriented analysis would dictate. (Of course, when the O-O analysis yields an attribute or method that is identical to one on the Node interface, we don't specify a completely redundant one.) Thus, even though there is a generic nodeName attribute on the Node interface, there is still a tagName attribute on the Element interface; these two attributes must contain the same value, but the it is worthwhile to support both, given the different constituencies the DOM API must satisfy.

1.1.5. The DOMString type

To ensure interoperability, the DOM specifies the following:

Type Definition DOMString

A DOMString is a sequence of 16-bit units.


IDL Definition
valuetype DOMString sequence<unsigned short>;

Applications must encode DOMString using UTF-16 (defined in [Unicode 3.0] and Amendment 1 of [ISO/IEC 10646]).

The UTF-16 encoding was chosen because of its widespread industry practice. Note that for both HTML and XML, the document character set (and therefore the notation of numeric character references) is based on UCS [ISO-10646]. A single numeric character reference in a source document may therefore in some cases correspond to two 16-bit units in a DOMString (a high surrogate and a low surrogate).

Note: Even though the DOM defines the name of the string type to be DOMString, bindings may use different names. For example for Java, DOMString is bound to the String type because it also uses UTF-16 as its encoding.

Note: As of August 2000, the OMG IDL specification ([OMGIDL]) included a wstring type. However, that definition did not meet the interoperability criteria of the DOM API since it relied on negotiation to decide the width and encoding of a character.

1.1.6. The DOMTimeStamp type

To ensure interoperability, the DOM specifies the following:

Type Definition DOMTimeStamp

A DOMTimeStamp represents a number of milliseconds.


IDL Definition
typedef unsigned long long DOMTimeStamp;

Note: Even though the DOM uses the type DOMTimeStamp, bindings may use different types. For example for Java, DOMTimeStamp is bound to the long type. In ECMAScript, TimeStamp is bound to the Date type because the range of the integer type is too small.

1.1.7. The DOMObject type

To ensure interoperability, the DOM specifies the following:

Type Definition DOMObject

A DOMObject represents a reference to an application object.


IDL Definition
typedef Object DOMObject;

Note: Even though the DOM uses the type DOMObject, bindings may use different types. For example for Java, DOMObject is bound to the Object type.

Issue DOMObject-1:
What does DOMObject map to in ECMAScript?

1.1.8. String comparisons in the DOM

The DOM has many interfaces that imply string matching. HTML processors generally assume an uppercase (less often, lowercase) normalization of names for such things as elements, while XML is explicitly case sensitive. For the purposes of the DOM, string matching is performed purely by binary comparison of the 16-bit units of the DOMString. In addition, the DOM assumes that any case normalizations take place in the processor, before the DOM structures are built.

Note: Besides case folding, there are additional normalizations that can be applied to text. The W3C I18N Working Group is in the process of defining exactly which normalizations are necessary, and where they should be applied. The W3C I18N Working Group expects to require early normalization, which means that data read into the DOM is assumed to already be normalized. The DOM and applications built on top of it in this case only have to assure that text remains normalized when being changed. For further details, please see [CharModel].

(ED: We need to review the case sensitivity of methods and attributes and how it fits with XML and HTML. Current wording is not clear at all ... )

1.1.9. XML Namespaces

The DOM Level 2 (and higher) supports XML namespaces [XML Namespaces] by augmenting several interfaces of the DOM Level 1 Core to allow creating and manipulating elements and attributes associated to a namespace.

As far as the DOM is concerned, special attributes used for declaring XML namespaces are still exposed and can be manipulated just like any other attribute. However, nodes are permanently bound to namespace URIs as they get created. Consequently, moving a node within a document, using the DOM, in no case results in a change of its namespace prefix or namespace URI. Similarly, creating a node with a namespace prefix and namespace URI, or changing the namespace prefix of a node, does not result in any addition, removal, or modification of any special attributes for declaring the appropriate XML namespaces. Namespace validation is not enforced; the DOM application is responsible. In particular, since the mapping between prefixes and namespace URIs is not enforced, in general, the resulting document cannot be serialized naively. For example, applications may have to declare every namespace in use when serializing a document.

DOM Level 2 (and higher) doesn't perform any URI normalization or canonicalization. The URIs given to the DOM are assumed to be valid (e.g., characters such as white spaces are properly escaped), and no lexical checking is performed. Absolute URI references are treated as strings and compared literally. How relative namespace URI references are treated is undefined. To ensure interoperability only absolute namespace URI references (i.e., URI references beginning with a scheme name and a colon) should be used. Note that because the DOM does no lexical checking, the empty string will be treated as a real namespace URI in DOM Level 2 methods. Applications must use the value null as the namespaceURI parameter for methods if they wish to have no namespace.

Note: In the DOM, all namespace declaration attributes are by definition bound to the namespace URI: "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/". These are the attributes whose namespace prefix or qualified name is "xmlns". Although, at the time of writing, this is not part of the XML Namespaces specification [XML Namespaces], it is planned to be incorporated in a future revision.

In a document with no namespaces, the child list of an EntityReference node is always the same as that of the corresponding Entity. This is not true in a document where an entity contains unbound namespace prefixes. In such a case, the descendants of the corresponding EntityReference nodes may be bound to different namespace URIs, depending on where the entity references are. Also, because, in the DOM, nodes always remain bound to the same namespace URI, moving such EntityReference nodes can lead to documents that cannot be serialized. This is also true when the DOM Level 1 method createEntityReference of the Document interface is used to create entity references that correspond to such entities, since the descendants of the returned EntityReference are unbound. The DOM Level 2 does not support any mechanism to resolve namespace prefixes. For all of these reasons, use of such entities and entity references should be avoided or used with extreme care. A future Level of the DOM may include some additional support for handling these.

The new methods, such as createElementNS and createAttributeNS of the Document interface, are meant to be used by namespace aware applications. Simple applications that do not use namespaces can use the DOM Level 1 methods, such as createElement and createAttribute. Elements and attributes created in this way do not have any namespace prefix, namespace URI, or local name.

Note: Given that the property [in-scope namespaces] defined in [XML Information set] is not accessible from DOM Level 3 Core, the properties [prefix] and [namespace name] defined by the Namespace Information Item in [XML Information set] are not accessible from DOM Level 3 Core. However, [DOM Level 3 XPath] does provide a way to access them.

Note: DOM Level 1 methods are namespace ignorant. Therefore, while it is safe to use these methods when not dealing with namespaces, using them and the new ones at the same time should be avoided. DOM Level 1 methods solely identify attribute nodes by their nodeName. On the contrary, the DOM Level 2 methods related to namespaces, identify attribute nodes by their namespaceURI and localName. Because of this fundamental difference, mixing both sets of methods can lead to unpredictable results. In particular, using setAttributeNS, an element may have two attributes (or more) that have the same nodeName, but different namespaceURIs. Calling getAttribute with that nodeName could then return any of those attributes. The result depends on the implementation. Similarly, using setAttributeNode, one can set two attributes (or more) that have different nodeNames but the same prefix and namespaceURI. In this case getAttributeNodeNS will return either attribute, in an implementation dependent manner. The only guarantee in such cases is that all methods that access a named item by its nodeName will access the same item, and all methods which access a node by its URI and local name will access the same node. For instance, setAttribute and setAttributeNS affect the node that getAttribute and getAttributeNS, respectively, return.

1.1.10. Mixed DOM implementations

As new XML vocabularies are developed, those defining the vocabularies are also beginning to define specialized APIs for manipulating XML instances of those vocabularies. This is usually done by extending the DOM to provide interfaces and methods that perform operations frequently needed their users. For example, the MathML [MathML 2.0] and SVG [SVG 1.0] specifications are developing DOM extensions to allow users to manipulate instances of these vocabularies using semantics appropriate to images and mathematics (respectively) as well as the generic DOM XML semantics. Instances of SVG or MathML are often embedded in XML documents conforming to a different schema such as XHTML.

While the XML Namespaces Recommendation provides a mechanism for integrating these documents at the syntax level, it has become clear that the DOM Level 2 Recommendation [DOM Level 2 Core] is not rich enough to cover all the issues that have been encountered in having these different DOM implementations be used together in a single application. DOM Level 3 deals with the requirements brought about by embedding fragments written according to a specific markup language (the embedded component) in a document where the rest of the markup is not written according to that specific markup language (the host document). It does not deal with fragments embedded by reference or linking.

A DOM implementation supporting DOM Level 3 Core should be able to collaborate with subcomponents implementing specific DOMs to assemble a compound document that can be traversed and manipulated via DOM interfaces as if it were a seamless whole.

The normal typecast operation on an object should support the interfaces expected by legacy code for a given document type. Typecasting techniques may not be adequate for selecting between multiple DOM specializations of an object which were combined at run time, because they may not all be part of the same object as defined by the binding's object model. Conflicts are most obvious with the Document object, since it is shared as owner by the rest of the document. In a homogeneous document, elements rely on the Document for specialized services and construction of specialized nodes. In a heterogeneous document, elements from different modules expect different services and APIs from the same Document object, since there can only be one owner and root of the document hierarchy.

1.1.11. Bootstrapping

Because previous versions of the DOM specification only defined a set of interfaces, applications had to rely on some implementation dependent code to start from. However, hard-coding the application to a specific implementation prevents the application from running on other implementations and from using the most-suitable implementation of the environment. At the same time, implementations may also need to load modules or perform other setup to efficiently adapt to different and sometimes mutually-exclusive feature sets.

To solve these problems this specification introduces a DOMImplementationRegistry object with a function that lets an application find an implementation, based on the specific features it requires. How this object is found and what it exactly looks like is not defined here, because this cannot be done in a language-independent manner. Instead, each language binding defines its own way of doing this. See Java Language Binding and ECMAScript Language Binding for specifics.

In all cases, though, the DOMImplementationRegistry provides a getDOMImplementation method accepting a features string, which is passed to every known DOMImplementationSource until a suitable DOMImplementation is found and returned. This method is the same as the one found on the DOMImplementationSource interface defined below.

Any number of DOMImplementationSource objects can be registered. A source may return one or more DOMImplementation singletons or construct new DOMImplementation objects, depending upon whether the requested features require specialized state in the DOMImplementation object.

Issue Level-3-Bootstrap-1:
Is this not generic enough?
Resolution: Yes. (F2F 31 Jul 2001)
Issue Level-3-Bootstrap-2:
Should the method getDOMImplementation be called byFeature instead?
Resolution: No. (F2F 31 Jul 2001)

1.2. Fundamental Interfaces

The interfaces within this section are considered fundamental, and must be fully implemented by all conforming implementations of the DOM, including all HTML DOM implementations [DOM Level 1], unless otherwise specified.

(ED: change link to DOM Level 2 HTML when available)

A DOM application may use the hasFeature(feature, version) method of the DOMImplementation interface with parameter values "Core" and "3.0" (respectively) to determine whether or not this module is supported by the implementation. Any implementation that conforms to DOM Level 3 or a DOM Level 3 module must conform to the Core module. Please refer to additional information about conformance in this specification. The DOM Level 3 Core module is backward compatible with the DOM Level 2 Core [DOM Level 2 Core] module, i.e. a DOM Level 3 Core implementation who returns true for "Core" with the version number "3.0" must also return true for this feature when the version number is "2.0", "" or, null.

Exception DOMException

DOM operations only raise exceptions in "exceptional" circumstances, i.e., when an operation is impossible to perform (either for logical reasons, because data is lost, or because the implementation has become unstable). In general, DOM methods return specific error values in ordinary processing situations, such as out-of-bound errors when using NodeList.

Implementations should raise other exceptions under other circumstances. For example, implementations should raise an implementation-dependent exception if a null argument is passed when null was not expected.

Some languages and object systems do not support the concept of exceptions. For such systems, error conditions may be indicated using native error reporting mechanisms. For some bindings, for example, methods may return error codes similar to those listed in the corresponding method descriptions.


IDL Definition
exception DOMException {
  unsigned short   code;
};
// ExceptionCode
const unsigned short      INDEX_SIZE_ERR                 = 1;
const unsigned short      DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR             = 2;
const unsigned short      HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR          = 3;
const unsigned short      WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR             = 4;
const unsigned short      INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR          = 5;
const unsigned short      NO_DATA_ALLOWED_ERR            = 6;
const unsigned short      NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR    = 7;
const unsigned short      NOT_FOUND_ERR                  = 8;
const unsigned short      NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR              = 9;
const unsigned short      INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR            = 10;
// Introduced in DOM Level 2:
const unsigned short      INVALID_STATE_ERR              = 11;
// Introduced in DOM Level 2:
const unsigned short      SYNTAX_ERR                     = 12;
// Introduced in DOM Level 2:
const unsigned short      INVALID_MODIFICATION_ERR       = 13;
// Introduced in DOM Level 2:
const unsigned short      NAMESPACE_ERR                  = 14;
// Introduced in DOM Level 2:
const unsigned short      INVALID_ACCESS_ERR             = 15;

Definition group ExceptionCode

An integer indicating the type of error generated.

Note: Other numeric codes are reserved for W3C for possible future use.

Defined Constants
DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR
If the specified range of text does not fit into a DOMString
HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR
If any node is inserted somewhere it doesn't belong
INDEX_SIZE_ERR
If index or size is negative, or greater than the allowed value
INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR
If an attempt is made to add an attribute that is already in use elsewhere
INVALID_ACCESS_ERR, introduced in DOM Level 2.
If a parameter or an operation is not supported by the underlying object.
INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR
If an invalid or illegal character is specified, such as in a name. See production 2 in the XML specification for the definition of a legal character, and production 5 for the definition of a legal name character.
INVALID_MODIFICATION_ERR, introduced in DOM Level 2.
If an attempt is made to modify the type of the underlying object.
INVALID_STATE_ERR, introduced in DOM Level 2.
If an attempt is made to use an object that is not, or is no longer, usable.
NAMESPACE_ERR, introduced in DOM Level 2.
If an attempt is made to create or change an object in a way which is incorrect with regard to namespaces.
NOT_FOUND_ERR
If an attempt is made to reference a node in a context where it does not exist
NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR
If the implementation does not support the requested type of object or operation.
NO_DATA_ALLOWED_ERR
If data is specified for a node which does not support data
NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR
If an attempt is made to modify an object where modifications are not allowed
SYNTAX_ERR, introduced in DOM Level 2.
If an invalid or illegal string is specified.
WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR
If a node is used in a different document than the one that created it (that doesn't support it)
Interface DOMImplementationSource

This interface permits a DOM implementer to supply one or more implementations, based upon requested features. Each implemented DOMImplementationSource object is listed in the binding-specific list of available sources so that its DOMImplementation objects are made available.


IDL Definition
interface DOMImplementationSource {
  DOMImplementation  getDOMImplementation(in DOMString features);
};

Methods
getDOMImplementation
A method to request a DOM implementation.
Parameters
features of type DOMString
A string that specifies which features are required. This is a space separated list in which each feature is specified by its name optionally followed by a space and a version number. This is something like: "XML 1.0 Traversal Events 2.0"
Return Value

DOMImplementation

An implementation that has the desired features, or null if this source has none.

No Exceptions
Interface DOMImplementation

The DOMImplementation interface provides a number of methods for performing operations that are independent of any particular instance of the document object model.


IDL Definition
interface DOMImplementation {
  boolean            hasFeature(in DOMString feature, 
                                in DOMString version);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  DocumentType       createDocumentType(in DOMString qualifiedName, 
                                        in DOMString publicId, 
                                        in DOMString systemId)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  Document           createDocument(in DOMString namespaceURI, 
                                    in DOMString qualifiedName, 
                                    in DocumentType doctype)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  DOMImplementation  getInterface(in DOMString feature);
};

Methods
createDocument introduced in DOM Level 2
Creates a DOM Document object of the specified type with its document element.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type DOMString
The namespace URI of the document element to create or null.
qualifiedName of type DOMString
The qualified name of the document element to be created or null.
doctype of type DocumentType
The type of document to be created or null.
When doctype is not null, its Node.ownerDocument attribute is set to the document being created.
Return Value

Document

A new Document object with its document element. If the NamespaceURI, qualifiedName, and doctype are null, the returned Document is empty with no document element.

Exceptions

DOMException

INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified qualified name contains an illegal character.

NAMESPACE_ERR: Raised if the qualifiedName is malformed, if the qualifiedName has a prefix and the namespaceURI is null, or if the qualifiedName is null and the namespaceURI is different from null, or if the qualifiedName has a prefix that is "xml" and the namespaceURI is different from "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" [XML Namespaces], or if the DOM implementation does not support the "XML" feature but a non-null namespace URI was provided, since namespaces were defined by XML.

WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if doctype has already been used with a different document or was created from a different implementation.

NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: May be raised by DOM implementations which do not support the "XML" feature, if they choose not to support this method.

Note: Other features introduced in the future, by the DOM WG or in extensions defined by other groups, may also demand support for this method; please consult the definition of the feature to see if it requires this method.

createDocumentType introduced in DOM Level 2
Creates an empty DocumentType node. Entity declarations and notations are not made available. Entity reference expansions and default attribute additions do not occur. It is expected that a future version of the DOM will provide a way for populating a DocumentType.
Parameters
qualifiedName of type DOMString
The qualified name of the document type to be created.
publicId of type DOMString
The external subset public identifier.
systemId of type DOMString
The external subset system identifier.
Return Value

DocumentType

A new DocumentType node with Node.ownerDocument set to null.

Exceptions

DOMException

INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified qualified name contains an illegal character.

NAMESPACE_ERR: Raised if the qualifiedName is malformed.

NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: May be raised by DOM implementations which do not support the "XML" feature, if they choose not to support this method.

Note: Other features introduced in the future, by the DOM WG or in extensions defined by other groups, may also demand support for this method; please consult the definition of the feature to see if it requires this method.

getInterface introduced in DOM Level 3
This method makes available a DOMImplementation's specialized interface (see Mixed DOM implementations).
Parameters
feature of type DOMString
The name of the feature requested (case-insensitive).
Return Value

DOMImplementation

Returns an alternate DOMImplementation which implements the specialized APIs of the specified feature, if any, or null if there is no alternate DOMImplementation object which implements interfaces associated with that feature. Any alternate DOMImplementation returned by this method must delegate to the primary core DOMImplementation and not return results inconsistent with the primary DOMImplementation

No Exceptions
hasFeature
Test if the DOM implementation implements a specific feature.
Parameters
feature of type DOMString
The name of the feature to test (case-insensitive). The values used by DOM features are defined throughout the DOM Level 3 specifications and listed in the Conformance section. The name must be an XML name. To avoid possible conflicts, as a convention, names referring to features defined outside the DOM specification should be made unique.
version of type DOMString
This is the version number of the feature to test. In Level 3, the string can be either "3.0", "2.0" or "1.0". If the version is null or empty string, supporting any version of the feature causes the method to return true.
Return Value

boolean

true if the feature is implemented in the specified version, false otherwise.

No Exceptions
Interface DocumentFragment

DocumentFragment is a "lightweight" or "minimal" Document object. It is very common to want to be able to extract a portion of a document's tree or to create a new fragment of a document. Imagine implementing a user command like cut or rearranging a document by moving fragments around. It is desirable to have an object which can hold such fragments and it is quite natural to use a Node for this purpose. While it is true that a Document object could fulfill this role, a Document object can potentially be a heavyweight object, depending on the underlying implementation. What is really needed for this is a very lightweight object. DocumentFragment is such an object.

Furthermore, various operations -- such as inserting nodes as children of another Node -- may take DocumentFragment objects as arguments; this results in all the child nodes of the DocumentFragment being moved to the child list of this node.

The children of a DocumentFragment node are zero or more nodes representing the tops of any sub-trees defining the structure of the document. DocumentFragment nodes do not need to be well-formed XML documents (although they do need to follow the rules imposed upon well-formed XML parsed entities, which can have multiple top nodes). For example, a DocumentFragment might have only one child and that child node could be a Text node. Such a structure model represents neither an HTML document nor a well-formed XML document.

When a DocumentFragment is inserted into a Document (or indeed any other Node that may take children) the children of the DocumentFragment and not the DocumentFragment itself are inserted into the Node. This makes the DocumentFragment very useful when the user wishes to create nodes that are siblings; the DocumentFragment acts as the parent of these nodes so that the user can use the standard methods from the Node interface, such as insertBefore and appendChild.

Note: The properties [notations] and [unparsed entities] defined by the Document Information Item in [XML Information set] are accessible through the DocumentType interface. The property [all declarations processed] is not accessible throught the DOM API.


IDL Definition
interface DocumentFragment : Node {
};

Interface Document

The Document interface represents the entire HTML or XML document. Conceptually, it is the root of the document tree, and provides the primary access to the document's data.

Since elements, text nodes, comments, processing instructions, etc. cannot exist outside the context of a Document, the Document interface also contains the factory methods needed to create these objects. The Node objects created have a ownerDocument attribute which associates them with the Document within whose context they were created.


IDL Definition
interface Document : Node {
  // Modified in DOM Level 3:
  readonly attribute DocumentType     doctype;
  readonly attribute DOMImplementation  implementation;
  readonly attribute Element          documentElement;
  Element            createElement(in DOMString tagName)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  DocumentFragment   createDocumentFragment();
  Text               createTextNode(in DOMString data);
  Comment            createComment(in DOMString data);
  CDATASection       createCDATASection(in DOMString data)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  ProcessingInstruction createProcessingInstruction(in DOMString target, 
                                                    in DOMString data)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  Attr               createAttribute(in DOMString name)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  EntityReference    createEntityReference(in DOMString name)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  NodeList           getElementsByTagName(in DOMString tagname);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  Node               importNode(in Node importedNode, 
                                in boolean deep)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  Element            createElementNS(in DOMString namespaceURI, 
                                     in DOMString qualifiedName)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  Attr               createAttributeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI, 
                                       in DOMString qualifiedName)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  NodeList           getElementsByTagNameNS(in DOMString namespaceURI, 
                                            in DOMString localName);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  Element            getElementById(in DOMString elementId);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
           attribute DOMString        actualEncoding;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
           attribute DOMString        encoding;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
           attribute boolean          standalone;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
           attribute boolean          strictErrorChecking;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
           attribute DOMString        version;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  Node               adoptNode(in Node source)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  void               setBaseURI(in DOMString baseURI)
                                        raises(DOMException);
};

Attributes
actualEncoding of type DOMString, introduced in DOM Level 3
An attribute specifying the actual encoding of this document. This is null otherwise.
This attribute represents the property [character encoding scheme] defined in [XML Information set].
doctype of type DocumentType, readonly, modified in DOM Level 3
The Document Type Declaration (see DocumentType) associated with this document. For HTML documents as well as XML documents without a document type declaration this returns null. The DOM Level 2 does not support editing the Document Type Declaration.
documentElement of type Element, readonly
This is a convenience attribute that allows direct access to the child node that is the root element of the document. For HTML documents, this is the element with the tagName "HTML".
This attribute represents the property [document element] defined in [XML Information set].
encoding of type DOMString, introduced in DOM Level 3
An attribute specifying, as part of the XML declaration, the encoding of this document. This is null when unspecified.
implementation of type DOMImplementation, readonly
The DOMImplementation object that handles this document. A DOM application may use objects from multiple implementations.
standalone of type boolean, introduced in DOM Level 3
An attribute specifying, as part of the XML declaration, whether this document is standalone.
This attribute represents the property [standalone] defined in [XML Information set].
strictErrorChecking of type boolean, introduced in DOM Level 3
An attribute specifying whether errors checking is enforced or not. When set to false, the implementation is free to not test every possible error case normally defined on DOM operations, and not raise any DOMException. In case of error, the behavior is undefined. This attribute is true by defaults.
version of type DOMString, introduced in DOM Level 3
An attribute specifying, as part of the XML declaration, the version number of this document. This is null when unspecified.
This attribute represents the property [version] defined in [XML Information set].
Methods
adoptNode introduced in DOM Level 3
Changes the ownerDocument of a node, its children, as well as the attached attribute nodes if there are any. If the node has a parent it is first removed from its parent child list. This effectively allows moving a subtree from one document to another. The following list describes the specifics for each type of node.
ATTRIBUTE_NODE
The ownerElement attribute is set to null and the specified flag is set to true on the adopted Attr. The descendants of the source Attr are recursively adopted.
DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE
The descendants of the source node are recursively adopted.
DOCUMENT_NODE
Document nodes cannot be adopted.
DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE
DocumentType nodes cannot be adopted.
ELEMENT_NODE
Specified attribute nodes of the source element are adopted, and the generated Attr nodes. Default attributes are discarded, though if the document being adopted into defines default attributes for this element name, those are assigned. The descendants of the source element are recursively adopted.
ENTITY_NODE
Entity nodes cannot be adopted.
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE
Only the EntityReference node itself is adopted, the descendants are discarded, since the source and destination documents might have defined the entity differently. If the document being imported into provides a definition for this entity name, its value is assigned.
NOTATION_NODE
Notation nodes cannot be adopted.
PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE, TEXT_NODE, CDATA_SECTION_NODE, COMMENT_NODE
These nodes can all be adopted. No specifics.
Issue adoptNode-1:
Should this method simply return null when it fails? How "exceptional" is failure for this method?
Resolution: Stick with raising exceptions only in exceptional circumstances, return null on failure (F2F 19 Jun 2000).
Issue adoptNode-2:
Can an entity node really be adopted?
Resolution: No, neither can Notation nodes (Telcon 13 Dec 2000).
Issue adoptNode-3:
Does this affect keys and hashCode's of the adopted subtree nodes?
If so, what about readonly-ness of key and hashCode?
if not, would appendChild affect keys/hashCodes or would it generate exceptions if key's are duplicate?
Resolution: Both keys and hashcodes have been dropped.
Parameters
source of type Node
The node to move into this document.
Return Value

Node

The adopted node, or null if this operation fails, such as when the source node comes from a different implementation.

Exceptions

DOMException

NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: Raised if the source node is of type DOCUMENT, DOCUMENT_TYPE.

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised when the source node is readonly.

createAttribute
Creates an Attr of the given name. Note that the Attr instance can then be set on an Element using the setAttributeNode method.
To create an attribute with a qualified name and namespace URI, use the createAttributeNS method.
Parameters
name of type DOMString
The name of the attribute.
Return Value

Attr

A new Attr object with the nodeName attribute set to name, and localName, prefix, and namespaceURI set to null. The value of the attribute is the empty string.

Exceptions

DOMException

INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified name contains an illegal character.

createAttributeNS introduced in DOM Level 2
Creates an attribute of the given qualified name and namespace URI.
Per [XML Namespaces], applications must use the value null as the namespaceURI parameter for methods if they wish to have no namespace.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type DOMString
The namespace URI of the attribute to create.
qualifiedName of type DOMString
The qualified name of the attribute to instantiate.
Return Value

Attr

A new Attr object with the following attributes:

Attribute Value
Node.nodeName qualifiedName
Node.namespaceURI namespaceURI
Node.prefix prefix, extracted from qualifiedName, or null if there is no prefix
Node.localName local name, extracted from qualifiedName
Attr.name qualifiedName
Node.nodeValue the empty string
Exceptions

DOMException

INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified qualified name contains an illegal character, per the XML 1.0 specification [XML].

NAMESPACE_ERR: Raised if the qualifiedName is malformed per the Namespaces in XML specification, if the qualifiedName has a prefix and the namespaceURI is null, if the qualifiedName has a prefix that is "xml" and the namespaceURI is different from "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace", or if the qualifiedName, or its prefix, is "xmlns" and the namespaceURI is different from "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/".

NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: Always thrown if the current document does not support the "XML" feature, since namespaces were defined by XML.

createCDATASection
Creates a CDATASection node whose value is the specified string.
Parameters
data of type DOMString
The data for the CDATASection contents.
Return Value

CDATASection

The new CDATASection object.

Exceptions

DOMException

NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: Raised if this document is an HTML document.

createComment
Creates a Comment node given the specified string.
Parameters
data of type DOMString
The data for the node.
Return Value

Comment

The new Comment object.

No Exceptions
createDocumentFragment
Creates an empty DocumentFragment object.
Return Value
No Parameters
No Exceptions
createElement
Creates an element of the type specified. Note that the instance returned implements the Element interface, so attributes can be specified directly on the returned object.
In addition, if there are known attributes with default values, Attr nodes representing them are automatically created and attached to the element.
To create an element with a qualified name and namespace URI, use the createElementNS method.
Parameters
tagName of type DOMString
The name of the element type to instantiate. For XML, this is case-sensitive. For HTML, the tagName parameter may be provided in any case, but it must be mapped to the canonical uppercase form by the DOM implementation.
Return Value

Element

A new Element object with the nodeName attribute set to tagName, and localName, prefix, and namespaceURI set to null.

Exceptions

DOMException

INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified name contains an illegal character.

createElementNS introduced in DOM Level 2
Creates an element of the given qualified name and namespace URI.
Per [XML Namespaces], applications must use the value null as the namespaceURI parameter for methods if they wish to have no namespace.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type DOMString
The namespace URI of the element to create.
qualifiedName of type DOMString
The qualified name of the element type to instantiate.
Return Value

Element

A new Element object with the following attributes:

Attribute Value
Node.nodeName qualifiedName
Node.namespaceURI namespaceURI
Node.prefix prefix, extracted from qualifiedName, or null if there is no prefix
Node.localName local name, extracted from qualifiedName
Element.tagName qualifiedName
Exceptions

DOMException

INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified qualified name contains an illegal character, per the XML 1.0 specification [XML].

NAMESPACE_ERR: Raised if the qualifiedName is malformed per the Namespaces in XML specification, if the qualifiedName has a prefix and the namespaceURI is null, or if the qualifiedName has a prefix that is "xml" and the namespaceURI is different from "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" [XML Namespaces].

NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: Always thrown if the current document does not support the "XML" feature, since namespaces were defined by XML.

createEntityReference
Creates an EntityReference object. In addition, if the referenced entity is known, the child list of the EntityReference node is made the same as that of the corresponding Entity node.

Note: If any descendant of the Entity node has an unbound namespace prefix, the corresponding descendant of the created EntityReference node is also unbound; (its namespaceURI is null). The DOM Level 2 does not support any mechanism to resolve namespace prefixes.

Parameters
name of type DOMString
The name of the entity to reference.
Return Value
Exceptions

DOMException

INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified name contains an illegal character.

NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: Raised if this document is an HTML document.

createProcessingInstruction
Creates a ProcessingInstruction node given the specified name and data strings.
Parameters
target of type DOMString
The target part of the processing instruction.
data of type DOMString
The data for the node.
Return Value
Exceptions

DOMException

INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified target contains an illegal character.

NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: Raised if this document is an HTML document.

createTextNode
Creates a Text node given the specified string.
Parameters
data of type DOMString
The data for the node.
Return Value

Text

The new Text object.

No Exceptions
getElementById introduced in DOM Level 2
Returns the Element whose ID is given by elementId. If no such element exists, returns null. Behavior is not defined if more than one element has this ID.

Note: The DOM implementation must have information that says which attributes are of type ID. Attributes with the name "ID" are not of type ID unless so defined. Implementations that do not know whether attributes are of type ID or not are expected to return null.

Parameters
elementId of type DOMString
The unique id value for an element.
Return Value

Element

The matching element.

No Exceptions
getElementsByTagName
Returns a NodeList of all the Elements with a given tag name in the order in which they are encountered in a preorder traversal of the Document tree.
Parameters
tagname of type DOMString
The name of the tag to match on. The special value "*" matches all tags.
Return Value

NodeList

A new NodeList object containing all the matched Elements.

No Exceptions
getElementsByTagNameNS introduced in DOM Level 2
Returns a NodeList of all the Elements with a given local name and namespace URI in the order in which they are encountered in a preorder traversal of the Document tree.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type DOMString
The namespace URI of the elements to match on. The special value "*" matches all namespaces.
localName of type DOMString
The local name of the elements to match on. The special value "*" matches all local names.
Return Value

NodeList

A new NodeList object containing all the matched Elements.

No Exceptions
importNode introduced in DOM Level 2
Imports a node from another document to this document. The returned node has no parent; (parentNode is null). The source node is not altered or removed from the original document; this method creates a new copy of the source node.
For all nodes, importing a node creates a node object owned by the importing document, with attribute values identical to the source node's nodeName and nodeType, plus the attributes related to namespaces (prefix, localName, and namespaceURI). As in the cloneNode operation, the source node is not altered. User data associated to the imported node is not carried over. However, if any UserDataHandlers has been specified along with the associated data these handlers will be called with the appropriate parameters before this method returns.
Additional information is copied as appropriate to the nodeType, attempting to mirror the behavior expected if a fragment of XML or HTML source was copied from one document to another, recognizing that the two documents may have different DTDs in the XML case. The following list describes the specifics for each type of node.
ATTRIBUTE_NODE
The ownerElement attribute is set to null and the specified flag is set to true on the generated Attr. The descendants of the source Attr are recursively imported and the resulting nodes reassembled to form the corresponding subtree.
Note that the deep parameter has no effect on Attr nodes; they always carry their children with them when imported.
DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE
If the deep option was set to true, the descendants of the source element are recursively imported and the resulting nodes reassembled to form the corresponding subtree. Otherwise, this simply generates an empty DocumentFragment.
DOCUMENT_NODE
Document nodes cannot be imported.
DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE
DocumentType nodes cannot be imported.
ELEMENT_NODE
Specified attribute nodes of the source element are imported, and the generated Attr nodes are attached to the generated Element. Default attributes are not copied, though if the document being imported into defines default attributes for this element name, those are assigned. If the importNode deep parameter was set to true, the descendants of the source element are recursively imported and the resulting nodes reassembled to form the corresponding subtree.
ENTITY_NODE
Entity nodes can be imported, however in the current release of the DOM the DocumentType is readonly. Ability to add these imported nodes to a DocumentType will be considered for addition to a future release of the DOM.
On import, the publicId, systemId, and notationName attributes are copied. If a deep import is requested, the descendants of the the source Entity are recursively imported and the resulting nodes reassembled to form the corresponding subtree.
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE
Only the EntityReference itself is copied, even if a deep import is requested, since the source and destination documents might have defined the entity differently. If the document being imported into provides a definition for this entity name, its value is assigned.
NOTATION_NODE
Notation nodes can be imported, however in the current release of the DOM the DocumentType is readonly. Ability to add these imported nodes to a DocumentType will be considered for addition to a future release of the DOM.
On import, the publicId and systemId attributes are copied.
Note that the deep parameter has no effect on Notation nodes since they never have any children.
PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE
The imported node copies its target and data values from those of the source node.
TEXT_NODE, CDATA_SECTION_NODE, COMMENT_NODE
These three types of nodes inheriting from CharacterData copy their data and length attributes from those of the source node.
Parameters
importedNode of type Node
The node to import.
deep of type boolean
If true, recursively import the subtree under the specified node; if false, import only the node itself, as explained above. This has no effect on Attr, EntityReference, and Notation nodes.
Return Value

Node

The imported node that belongs to this Document.

Exceptions

DOMException

NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: Raised if the type of node being imported is not supported.

setBaseURI introduced in DOM Level 3
Set the baseURI attribute from the Node interface.
If the Document supports the feature "HTML", it is also recommended that the user changes the href attribute of the (X)HTML base element.
Parameters
baseURI of type DOMString
The new absolute URI for this document.
Exceptions

DOMException

SYNTAX_ERR: Raised if baseURI is not an absolute URI per [RFC2396].

No Return Value
Interface Node

The Node interface is the primary datatype for the entire Document Object Model. It represents a single node in the document tree. While all objects implementing the Node interface expose methods for dealing with children, not all objects implementing the Node interface may have children. For example, Text nodes may not have children, and adding children to such nodes results in a DOMException being raised.

The attributes nodeName, nodeValue and attributes are included as a mechanism to get at node information without casting down to the specific derived interface. In cases where there is no obvious mapping of these attributes for a specific nodeType (e.g., nodeValue for an Element or attributes for a Comment), this returns null. Note that the specialized interfaces may contain additional and more convenient mechanisms to get and set the relevant information.


IDL Definition
interface Node {

  // NodeType
  const unsigned short      ELEMENT_NODE                   = 1;
  const unsigned short      ATTRIBUTE_NODE                 = 2;
  const unsigned short      TEXT_NODE                      = 3;
  const unsigned short      CDATA_SECTION_NODE             = 4;
  const unsigned short      ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE          = 5;
  const unsigned short      ENTITY_NODE                    = 6;
  const unsigned short      PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE    = 7;
  const unsigned short      COMMENT_NODE                   = 8;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_NODE                  = 9;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE             = 10;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE         = 11;
  const unsigned short      NOTATION_NODE                  = 12;

  readonly attribute DOMString        nodeName;
           attribute DOMString        nodeValue;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting
                                        // raises(DOMException) on retrieval

  readonly attribute unsigned short   nodeType;
  readonly attribute Node             parentNode;
  readonly attribute NodeList         childNodes;
  readonly attribute Node             firstChild;
  readonly attribute Node             lastChild;
  readonly attribute Node             previousSibling;
  readonly attribute Node             nextSibling;
  readonly attribute NamedNodeMap     attributes;
  // Modified in DOM Level 2:
  readonly attribute Document         ownerDocument;
  // Modified in DOM Level 3:
  Node               insertBefore(in Node newChild, 
                                  in Node refChild)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Modified in DOM Level 3:
  Node               replaceChild(in Node newChild, 
                                  in Node oldChild)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Modified in DOM Level 3:
  Node               removeChild(in Node oldChild)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  Node               appendChild(in Node newChild)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  boolean            hasChildNodes();
  Node               cloneNode(in boolean deep);
  // Modified in DOM Level 2:
  void               normalize();
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  boolean            isSupported(in DOMString feature, 
                                 in DOMString version);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  readonly attribute DOMString        namespaceURI;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
           attribute DOMString        prefix;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting

  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  readonly attribute DOMString        localName;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  boolean            hasAttributes();
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  readonly attribute DOMString        baseURI;

  // TreePosition
  const unsigned short      TREE_POSITION_PRECEDING        = 0x01;
  const unsigned short      TREE_POSITION_FOLLOWING        = 0x02;
  const unsigned short      TREE_POSITION_ANCESTOR         = 0x04;
  const unsigned short      TREE_POSITION_DESCENDANT       = 0x08;
  const unsigned short      TREE_POSITION_SAME             = 0x10;
  const unsigned short      TREE_POSITION_EXACT_SAME       = 0x20;
  const unsigned short      TREE_POSITION_DISCONNECTED     = 0x00;

  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  unsigned short     compareTreePosition(in Node other)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
           attribute DOMString        textContent;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting
                                        // raises(DOMException) on retrieval

  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  boolean            isSameNode(in Node other);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  DOMString          lookupNamespacePrefix(in DOMString namespaceURI);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  DOMString          lookupNamespaceURI(in DOMString prefix);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  void               normalizeNS();
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  boolean            isEqualNode(in Node arg, 
                                 in boolean deep);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  Node               getInterface(in DOMString feature);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  DOMObject          setUserData(in DOMString key, 
                                 in DOMObject data, 
                                 in UserDataHandler handler);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  DOMObject          getUserData(in DOMString key);
};

Definition group NodeType

An integer indicating which type of node this is.

Note: Numeric codes up to 200 are reserved to W3C for possible future use.

Defined Constants
ATTRIBUTE_NODE
The node is an Attr.
CDATA_SECTION_NODE
The node is a CDATASection.
COMMENT_NODE
The node is a Comment.
DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE
The node is a DocumentFragment.
DOCUMENT_NODE
The node is a Document.
DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE
The node is a DocumentType.
ELEMENT_NODE
The node is an Element.
ENTITY_NODE
The node is an Entity.
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE
The node is an EntityReference.
NOTATION_NODE
The node is a Notation.
PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE
The node is a ProcessingInstruction.
TEXT_NODE
The node is a Text node.

The values of nodeName, nodeValue, and attributes vary according to the node type as follows:

Interface nodeName nodeValue attributes
Attr name of attribute value of attribute null
CDATASection "#cdata-section" content of the CDATA Section null
Comment "#comment" content of the comment null
Document "#document" null null
DocumentFragment "#document-fragment" null null
DocumentType document type name null null
Element tag name null NamedNodeMap
Entity entity name null null
EntityReference name of entity referenced null null
Notation notation name null null
ProcessingInstruction target entire content excluding the target null
Text "#text" content of the text node null
Definition group TreePosition

A bitmask indicating the relative tree position of a node with respect to another node.

Issue TreePosition-1:
Should we use fewer bits?
Issue TreePosition-2:
How does a node compare to itself?
Defined Constants
TREE_POSITION_ANCESTOR
The node is an ancestor of the reference node.
TREE_POSITION_DESCENDANT
The node is a descendant of the reference node.
TREE_POSITION_DISCONNECTED
The two nodes are disconnected, they do not have any common ancestor.
TREE_POSITION_EXACT_SAME
The two nodes have the exact same position. This is never the case of two attributes, even when they have the same ownerElement. Two nodes that have the exact same position have the same position, though the reverse may not be true.
TREE_POSITION_FOLLOWING
The node follows the reference node.
TREE_POSITION_PRECEDING
The node precedes the reference node.
TREE_POSITION_SAME
The two nodes have the same position. This is the case of two attributes that have the same ownerElement.
Attributes
attributes of type NamedNodeMap, readonly
A NamedNodeMap containing the attributes of this node (if it is an Element) or null otherwise.
If no namespace declaration appear in the attributes, this attribute represents the property [attributes] defined in [XML Information set].
baseURI of type DOMString, readonly, introduced in DOM Level 3
Returns the absolute base URI of this node or null if undefined. This value is computed according to [XML Base].
If the Document supports the feature "HTML" [DOM Level 2 HTML], changing the href attribute of the (X)HTML base element will also change the baseURI attribute on the Document node.

Note: The following sentence might need to be moved to LS...


If the node is a Document, the base URI might not be preserved during save and load operations.
When the node is an Element, a Document or a a ProcessingInstruction, this attribute represents the properties [base URI] defined in [XML Information set]. When the node is a Notation, an Entity, or an EntityReference, this attribute represents the properties [declaration base URI] in the [XML Information set].
Issue baseURI-1:
How will this be affected by resolution of relative namespace URIs issue?
Resolution: It's not.
Issue baseURI-2:
Should this only be on Document, Element, ProcessingInstruction, Entity, and Notation nodes, according to the infoset? If not, what is it equal to on other nodes? Null? An empty string? I think it should be the parent's.
Resolution: No.
Issue baseURI-3:
Should this be read-only and computed or and actual read-write attribute?
Resolution: Read-only and computed (F2F 19 Jun 2000 and teleconference 30 May 2001).
Issue baseURI-4:
If the base HTML element is not yet attached to a document, does the insert change the Document.baseURI?
childNodes of type NodeList, readonly
A NodeList that contains all children of this node. If there are no children, this is a NodeList containing no nodes.
When the node is a Document, or an Element, and if the NodeList does not contain EntityReference or CDATASection nodes, this attribute represents the properties [children] defined in [XML Information set].
firstChild of type Node, readonly
The first child of this node. If there is no such node, this returns null.
lastChild of type Node, readonly
The last child of this node. If there is no such node, this returns null.
localName of type DOMString, readonly, introduced in DOM Level 2
Returns the local part of the qualified name of this node.
When the node is Element, or Attr, this attribute represents the properties [local name] defined in [XML Information set].
For nodes of any type other than ELEMENT_NODE and ATTRIBUTE_NODE and nodes created with a DOM Level 1 method, such as createElement from the Document interface, this is always null.
namespaceURI of type DOMString, readonly, introduced in DOM Level 2
The namespace URI of this node, or null if it is unspecified.
When the node is Element, or Attr, this attribute represents the properties [namespace name] defined in [XML Information set].
This is not a computed value that is the result of a namespace lookup based on an examination of the namespace declarations in scope. It is merely the namespace URI given at creation time.
For nodes of any type other than ELEMENT_NODE and ATTRIBUTE_NODE and nodes created with a DOM Level 1 method, such as createElement from the Document interface, this is always null.

Note: Per the Namespaces in XML Specification [XML Namespaces] an attribute does not inherit its namespace from the element it is attached to. If an attribute is not explicitly given a namespace, it simply has no namespace.

nextSibling of type Node, readonly
The node immediately following this node. If there is no such node, this returns null.
nodeName of type DOMString, readonly
The name of this node, depending on its type; see the table above.
nodeType of type unsigned short, readonly
A code representing the type of the underlying object, as defined above.
nodeValue of type DOMString
The value of this node, depending on its type; see the table above. When it is defined to be null, setting it has no effect.
Exceptions on setting

DOMException

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised when the node is readonly.

Exceptions on retrieval

DOMException

DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR: Raised when it would return more characters than fit in a DOMString variable on the implementation platform.

ownerDocument of type Document, readonly, modified in DOM Level 2
The Document object associated with this node. This is also the Document object used to create new nodes. When this node is a Document or a DocumentType which is not used with any Document yet, this is null.
parentNode of type Node, readonly
The parent of this node. All nodes, except Attr, Document, DocumentFragment, Entity, and Notation may have a parent. However, if a node has just been created and not yet added to the tree, or if it has been removed from the tree, this is null.
When the node is an Element, a ProcessingInstruction, an EntityReference, a CharacterData, a Comment, or a DocumentType, this attribute represents the properties [parent] defined in [XML Information set].
prefix of type DOMString, introduced in DOM Level 2
The namespace prefix of this node, or null if it is unspecified.
When the node is Element, or Attr, this attribute represents the properties [prefix] defined in [XML Information set].
Note that setting this attribute, when permitted, changes the nodeName attribute, which holds the qualified name, as well as the tagName and name attributes of the Element and Attr interfaces, when applicable.
Note also that changing the prefix of an attribute that is known to have a default value, does not make a new attribute with the default value and the original prefix appear, since the namespaceURI and localName do not change.
For nodes of any type other than ELEMENT_NODE and ATTRIBUTE_NODE and nodes created with a DOM Level 1 method, such as createElement from the Document interface, this is always null.
Exceptions on setting

DOMException

INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified prefix contains an illegal character, per the XML 1.0 specification [XML].

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node is readonly.

NAMESPACE_ERR: Raised if the specified prefix is malformed per the Namespaces in XML specification, if the namespaceURI of this node is null, if the specified prefix is "xml" and the namespaceURI of this node is different from "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace", if this node is an attribute and the specified prefix is "xmlns" and the namespaceURI of this node is different from "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/", or if this node is an attribute and the qualifiedName of this node is "xmlns" [XML Namespaces].

previousSibling of type Node, readonly
The node immediately preceding this node. If there is no such node, this returns null.
textContent of type DOMString, introduced in DOM Level 3
This attribute returns the text content of this node and its descendants. When it is defined to be null, setting it has no effect. When set, any possible children this node may have are removed and replaced by a single Text node containing the string this attribute is set to. On getting, no serialization is performed, the returned string does not contain any markup. No whitespace normalization is performed, the returned string does not contain the element content whitespaces Fundamental Interfaces. Similarly, on setting, no parsing is performed either, the input string is taken as pure textual content.
The string returned is made of the text content of this node depending on its type, as defined below:
Node type Content
ELEMENT_NODE, ENTITY_NODE, ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE, DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE concatenation of the textContent attribute value of every child node, excluding COMMENT_NODE and PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE nodes
ATTRIBUTE_NODE, TEXT_NODE, CDATA_SECTION_NODE, COMMENT_NODE, PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE nodeValue
DOCUMENT_NODE, DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE, NOTATION_NODE null
Issue textContent-1:
Should any whitespace normalization be performed? MS' text property doesn't but what about "ignorable whitespace"?
Resolution: Does not perform any whitespace normalization and ignores "ignorable whitespace".
Issue textContent-2:
Should this be two methods instead?
Resolution: No. Keep it a read write attribute.
Issue textContent-3:
What about the name? MS uses text and innerText. text conflicts with HTML DOM.
Resolution: Keep the current name, MS has a different name and different semantic.
Issue textContent-4:
Should this be optional?
Resolution: No.
Issue textContent-5:
Setting the text property on a Document, Document Type, or Notation node is an error for MS. How do we expose it? Exception? Which one?
Resolution: (teleconference 23 May 2001) consistency with nodeValue. Remove Document from the list.
Exceptions on setting

DOMException

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised when the node is readonly.

Exceptions on retrieval

DOMException

DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR: Raised when it would return more characters than fit in a DOMString variable on the implementation platform.

Methods
appendChild
Adds the node newChild to the end of the list of children of this node. If the newChild is already in the tree, it is first removed.
Parameters
newChild of type Node
The node to add.
If it is a DocumentFragment object, the entire contents of the document fragment are moved into the child list of this node
Return Value

Node

The node added.

Exceptions

DOMException

HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR: Raised if this node is of a type that does not allow children of the type of the newChild node, or if the node to append is one of this node's ancestors or this node itself.

WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if newChild was created from a different document than the one that created this node.

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node is readonly or if the previous parent of the node being inserted is readonly.

cloneNode
Returns a duplicate of this node, i.e., serves as a generic copy constructor for nodes. The duplicate node has no parent; (parentNode is null.) and no user data. User data associated to the imported node is not carried over. However, if any UserDataHandlers has been specified along with the associated data these handlers will be called with the appropriate parameters before this method returns.
Cloning an Element copies all attributes and their values, including those generated by the XML processor to represent defaulted attributes, but this method does not copy any text it contains unless it is a deep clone, since the text is contained in a child Text node. Cloning an Attribute directly, as opposed to be cloned as part of an Element cloning operation, returns a specified attribute (specified is true). Cloning any other type of node simply returns a copy of this node.
Note that cloning an immutable subtree results in a mutable copy, but the children of an EntityReference clone are readonly. In addition, clones of unspecified Attr nodes are specified. And, cloning Document, DocumentType, Entity, and Notation nodes is implementation dependent.
Parameters
deep of type boolean
If true, recursively clone the subtree under the specified node; if false, clone only the node itself (and its attributes, if it is an Element).
Return Value

Node

The duplicate node.

No Exceptions
compareTreePosition introduced in DOM Level 3
Compares a node with this node with regard to their position in the tree.
Issue compareTreePosition-1:
Should this method be optional?
Resolution: No.
Parameters
other of type Node
The node to compare against this node.
Return Value

unsigned short

Returns how the given node is positioned relatively to this node.

Exceptions

DOMException

WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if the given node does not belong to the same document as this node.

getInterface introduced in DOM Level 3
This method makes available a Node's specialized interface (see Mixed DOM implementations).
Issue EDOM-isSupported:
What are the relations between Node.isSupported and Node3.getInterface?
Issue EDOM-getInterface-1:
Should we rename this method (and also DOMImplementation.getInterface?)?
Issue EDOM-getInterface-2:
getInterface can return a node that doesn't actually support the requested interface and will lead to a cast exception. Other solutions are returning null or throwing an exception.
Parameters
feature of type DOMString
The name of the feature requested (case-insensitive).
Return Value

Node

Returns an alternate Node which implements the specialized APIs of the specified feature, if any, or null if there is no alternate Node which implements interfaces associated with that feature. Any alternate Node returned by this method must delegate to the primary core Node and not return results inconsistent with the primary core Node such as key, attributes, childNodes, etc.

No Exceptions
getUserData introduced in DOM Level 3
Retrieves the object associated to a key on a this node. The object must first have been set to this node by calling setUserData with the same key.
Parameters
key of type DOMString
The key the object is associated to.
Return Value

DOMObject

Returns the DOMObject associated to the given key on this node, or null if there was none.

No Exceptions
hasAttributes introduced in DOM Level 2
Returns whether this node (if it is an element) has any attributes.
Return Value

boolean

true if this node has any attributes, false otherwise.

No Parameters
No Exceptions
hasChildNodes
Returns whether this node has any children.
Return Value

boolean

true if this node has any children, false otherwise.

No Parameters
No Exceptions
insertBefore modified in DOM Level 3
Inserts the node newChild before the existing child node refChild. If refChild is null, insert newChild at the end of the list of children.
If newChild is a DocumentFragment object, all of its children are inserted, in the same order, before refChild. If the newChild is already in the tree, it is first removed.
Parameters
newChild of type Node
The node to insert.
refChild of type Node
The reference node, i.e., the node before which the new node must be inserted.
Return Value

Node

The node being inserted.

Exceptions

DOMException

HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR: Raised if this node is of a type that does not allow children of the type of the newChild node, or if the node to insert is one of this node's ancestors or this node itself, or if this node if of type Document and the DOM application attempts to insert a second DocumentType or Element node.

WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if newChild was created from a different document than the one that created this node.

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node is readonly or if the parent of the node being inserted is readonly.

NOT_FOUND_ERR: Raised if refChild is not a child of this node.

NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: if this node if of type Document, this exception might be raised if the DOM implementation doesn't support the insertion of a DocumentType or Element node.

isEqualNode introduced in DOM Level 3
Tests whether two nodes are equal.
This method tests for equality of nodes, not sameness (i.e., whether the two nodes are references to the same object) which can be tested with Node.isSameNode. All nodes that are the same will also be equal, though the reverse may not be true.
Two nodes are equal if and only if the following conditions are satisfied:
  • The two nodes are of the same type.
  • The following string attributes are equal: nodeName, localName, namespaceURI, prefix, nodeValue, baseURI. This is: they are both null, or they have the same length and are character for character identical.
  • The attributes NamedNodeMaps are equal. This is: they are both null, or they have the same length and for each node that exists in one map there is a node that exists in the other map and is equal, although not necessarily at the same index.
  • The childNodes NodeLists are equal. This is: they are both null, or they have the same length and contain equal nodes at the same index. This is true for Attr nodes as for any other type of node. Note that normalization can affect equality; to avoid this, nodes should be normalized before being compared.

For two DocumentType nodes to be equal, the following conditions must also be satisfied:
  • The following string attributes are equal: publicId, systemId, internalSubset.
  • The entities NamedNodeMaps are equal.
  • The notations NamedNodeMaps are equal.

On the other hand, the following do not affect equality: the ownerDocument attribute, the specified attribute for Attr nodes, the isWhitespaceInElementContent attribute for Text nodes, as well as any user data or event listeners registered on the nodes.
Issue isEqualNode-1:
Should this be optional?
Resolution: No.
Parameters
arg of type Node
The node to compare equality with.
deep of type boolean
If true, recursively compare the subtrees; if false, compare only the nodes themselves (and its attributes, if it is an Element).
Return Value

boolean

If the nodes, and possibly subtrees are equal, true otherwise false.

No Exceptions
isSameNode introduced in DOM Level 3
Returns whether this node is the same node as the given one.
This method provides a way to determine whether two Node references returned by the implementation reference the same object. When two Node references are references to the same object, even if through a proxy, the references may be used completely interchangeably, such that all attributes have the same values and calling the same DOM method on either reference always has exactly the same effect.
Issue isSameNode-1:
Do we really want to make this different from equals?
Resolution: Yes, change name from isIdentical to isSameNode. (Telcon 4 Jul 2000).
Issue isSameNode-2:
Is this really needed if we provide a unique key?
Resolution: Yes, because the key is only unique within a document. (F2F 2 Mar 2001).
Issue isSameNode-3:
Definition of 'sameness' is needed.
Parameters
other of type Node
The node to test against.
Return Value

boolean

Returns true if the nodes are the same, false otherwise.

No Exceptions
isSupported introduced in DOM Level 2
Tests whether the DOM implementation implements a specific feature and that feature is supported by this node.
Parameters
feature of type DOMString
The name of the feature to test. This is the same name which can be passed to the method hasFeature on DOMImplementation.
version of type DOMString
This is the version number of the feature to test. In Level 2, version 1, this is the string "2.0". If the version is not specified, supporting any version of the feature will cause the method to return true.
Return Value

boolean

Returns true if the specified feature is supported on this node, false otherwise.

No Exceptions
lookupNamespacePrefix introduced in DOM Level 3
Look up the prefix associated to the given namespace URI, starting from this node.
Issue lookupNamespacePrefix-1:
Should this be optional?
Resolution: No.
Issue lookupNamespacePrefix-2:
How does the lookup work? Is it based on the prefix of the nodes, the namespace declaration attributes, or a combination of both?
Parameters
namespaceURI of type DOMString
The namespace URI to look for.
Return Value

DOMString

Returns the associated namespace prefix or null if none is found. If more than one prefix are associated to the namespace prefix, the returned namespace prefix is implementation dependent.

No Exceptions
lookupNamespaceURI introduced in DOM Level 3
Look up the namespace URI associated to the given prefix, starting from this node.
Issue lookupNamespaceURI-1:
Name? May need to change depending on ending of the relative namespace URI reference nightmare.
Resolution: No need.
Issue lookupNamespaceURI-2:
Should this be optional?
Resolution: No.
Issue lookupNamespaceURI-3:
How does the lookup work? Is it based on the namespaceURI of the nodes, the namespace declaration attributes, or a combination of both?
Here is a proposal:
// Note that lookupNamespacePrefix is virtual identical to this
// method; just reverse which fields are being tested/returned.
DOMString Element.lookupNamespaceURI(in DOMString prefix)
{
   if this Element has a namespace
   and its prefix is the one we're looking for
        return this Element's namespace

   else if this element has an explicit namespace declaration Attr
   (with namespace=="http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/"
   and either the prefix "xmlns:" or the nodeName "xmlns")
   for the specified prefix
        return that Attr's value.

   else if this Element has an ancestor Element
   (you may have to skip EntityReferences to get to it)
        return parent.lookupNamespaceURI(prefix)

   else return unknown (null)
}
       
Parameters
prefix of type DOMString
The prefix to look for.
Return Value

DOMString

Returns the associated namespace URI or null if none is found.

No Exceptions
normalize modified in DOM Level 2
Puts all Text nodes in the full depth of the sub-tree underneath this Node, including attribute nodes, into a "normal" form where only structure (e.g., elements, comments, processing instructions, CDATA sections, and entity references) separates Text nodes, i.e., there are neither adjacent Text nodes nor empty Text nodes. This can be used to ensure that the DOM view of a document is the same as if it were saved and re-loaded, and is useful when operations (such as XPointer [XPointer] lookups) that depend on a particular document tree structure are to be used.

Note: In cases where the document contains CDATASections, the normalize operation alone may not be sufficient, since XPointers do not differentiate between Text nodes and CDATASection nodes.

No Parameters
No Return Value
No Exceptions
normalizeNS introduced in DOM Level 3
This method walks down the tree, starting from this node, and adds namespace declarations where needed so that every namespace being used is properly declared. It also changes or assign prefixes when needed. This effectively makes this node subtree is "namespace wellformed".
What the generated prefixes are and/or how prefixes are changed to achieve this is implementation dependent.
Issue normalizeNS-1:
Any other name? Joe proposes normalizeNamespaces.
Issue normalizeNS-2:
How specific should this be? Should we not even specify that this should be done by walking down the tree?
Here is a proposal:
void Element.normalizeNamespaces()
{
  Determine namespaces inherited from myElement's ancestors,
  using the same search as Element3.lookupNamespacePrefix()
  and Element3.lookupNamespaceURI()
     // This will probably require an upward search when the
     // operation is initially invoked by the user, but thereafter can be
     // information carried downward as we recurse to deeper Elements.

  //////// EXAMINE AND POLISH THE ELEMENT ////////

  If myElement has a namespace URI
  {
    // Should be possible to combine this test into the lookup/definition
    // stages, to reduce rechecking of URIs already examined:
    If the NSURI is not syntactically valid
    {

      Report error

      // ISSUE: Continue processing as if it were valid? Stop processing?
      // (If we're using the AS/LS error mechanism, we could let the user's
      // error handler decide this... but we need to decide what severity
      // to assign it.)
    }

    If myElement's prefix/namespace pair (or default namespace,
    if no prefix) are not already within the scope of a binding
    (local declaration, then inherited)
    {
      Create a local namespace declaration attr for this namespace,
      with myElement's current prefix (or a default namespace, if
      no prefix). If there's a conflicting local declaration
      already present, change its value to use this namespace.

      // NOTE that this may break other nodes within this Element's
      // subtree, if they're already using this prefix.
      // They will be repaired when we reach them.
    }
  } // end namespaced Element

  else if Element has no namespace but has a colon in its name
    {
      // ISSUE: WHAT DO WE DO WITH THESE LEVEL 1 ELEMENTS?
      //
      // Option 1: Ignore them. Undesirable since our goal is to
      // produce a document that is namespace-well-formed.
      //
      // Option 2: Replace them with level 2 nodes and bind their
      // prefixes using the existing namespace contexts. That means
      // significant alteration of document structure (a problem if
      // anyone has references to or event listeners on this Element).
      // [Joe doesn't like it.]
      //
      // Option 3: Report them as a namespace normalization error
      // and _then_ ignore them. "Anyone who cares about namespace
      // support really shouldn't be using Level 1 nodes, and can go
      // fix it themselves."
      //
      // Option 4: Like option 3, but report an error only if we are not
      // within the scope of an existing declaration of the prefix. (We
      // can't check what it should be declared as, but we can check that
      // it is declared as something.)
    } // end level-1-with-colon

    Else // Element has no namespace URI and no pseudo-prefix
    {
      If the Default Namespace in scope at this point is "no namespace"
      {
        // we're fine as we stand
      }
      else
      {
        Create a local xmlns="" declaration. If there's a
        conflicting local default-namespace declaration
        already present, change its value to use this namespace.

        // NOTE that this may break other nodes within this Element's
        // subtree, if they're already using the default namespaces.
        // They will be repaired when we reach them.
      }
    }

    //////// EXAMINE AND POLISH THE ATTRS ////////

    For all Attrs of myElement
    {

      If Attr has a namespace URI
      {
        If the NSURI is not syntactically valid
        {
          Report error. (See above discussion.)
        }

        If Attr has no prefix, or has a prefix that conflicts with
        a binding already active in this scope
        {
          If myElement is in the scope (inherited or local) of
          a NON-DEFAULT binding for this namespace
          {
            If multiple prefix bindings are available, pick the one most
            locally defined; if there's a tie, pick one arbitrarily.
                 // ISSUE: Do we want to be that explicit?

            Change the Attr to use that prefix.
          }
          else
          {
            Create a local namespace declaration attr for this namespace,
            with an arbitrarily selected prefix not already used in our
            current namespace scope. Change the Attr to use this prefix.

            // NOTE that this may break other nodes within this Element's
            // subtree, if they're already using this prefix.
            // They will be repaired when we reach them.

            // ISSUE: Do we want to explicitly say which "arbitrary"
            // prefixes will be assigned? (DOMImplied17: or something
            // of that sort...) Or is this best left to the implementation,
            // since it's officially Not Significant?
          }
        } // end prefix-doesn't-match

        else if namespace is "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/", but attribute
        does not have the prefix "xmlns:" or the nodeName "xmlns"
        {
          // Yes, this can arise in the DOM. We only check for the opposite
          // case, assigning the wrong URI to an attribute whose name says
          // it should be a namespace declaration... not the reverse.
          //
          // While all Namespace Declarations belong to a
          // reserved NSURI, it is apparently _not_ true that all
attributes
          // having that NSURI are to be considered Namespace Declarations.
          // According to the namespace spec, only "xmlns" and names having
          // the xmlns: prefix should be interpreted as declarations. So:

          if there is a NON-DEFAULT binding for this namespace in scope
          with a prefix other than "xmlns"
          {
            Change the Attr to use that prefix.

            If multiple choices are available, pick one arbitrarily.
              // ISSUE: Should we favor the "most locally defined" prefix?
              // Or leave that up to the implementation?)
          }
          else
          {
            Create a local namespace declaration attr for this namespace,
            with an arbitrarily selected prefix not already used in our
            current namespace scope. Change the Attr to use this prefix.
          }
        } // end non-namespace-decl with namespace-decl URI

      } // end namespaced Attr

      Else if attr has no namespace but has colon in its name
      {
         // ISSUE: WHAT DO WE DO WITH THESE LEVEL 1 ATTRS?
         // See above discussion of Level 1 Elements
      } // end level-1-attr-with-colon

      Else // attr has no namespace URI and no prefix
      {
        // we're fine as we stand, since attrs don't use default
      }
    } // end for-all-Attrs

    //////// RECURSE OR TREE-WALK TO NORMALIZE THE DESCENDENT ELEMENTS
    // ISSUE: Will we ever want to fix only one element? If so,
    // we may want a parameter saying deep/shallow, as
    // on cloneNode/importNode.

    For all element descendents of myElement
    {
      descendentElement.normalizeNamespaces()
    }
} // end Element3.normalizeNamespaces
       
Issue normalizeNS-3:
What does this do on attribute nodes?
Resolution: Doesn't do anything (F2F 1 Aug 2000).
Issue normalizeNS-4:
How does it work with entity reference subtree which may be broken?
Resolution: This doesn't affect entity references which are not visited in this operation (F2F 1 Aug 2000).
Issue normalizeNS-5:
Should this really be on Node?
Resolution: Yes, but this only works on Document, Element, and DocumentFragment. On other types it is a no-op. (F2F 1 Aug 2000).
Issue normalizeNS-6:
What happens with read-only nodes?
Issue normalizeNS-7:
What/how errors should be reported? Are there any?
Issue normalizeNS-8:
Should this be optional?
No Parameters
No Return Value
No Exceptions
removeChild modified in DOM Level 3
Removes the child node indicated by oldChild from the list of children, and returns it.
Parameters
oldChild of type Node
The node being removed.
Return Value

Node

The node removed.

Exceptions

DOMException

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node is readonly.

NOT_FOUND_ERR: Raised if oldChild is not a child of this node.

NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: if this node if of type Document, this exception might be raised if the DOM implementation doesn't support the removal of the DocumentType child or the Element child.

replaceChild modified in DOM Level 3
Replaces the child node oldChild with newChild in the list of children, and returns the oldChild node.
If newChild is a DocumentFragment object, oldChild is replaced by all of the DocumentFragment children, which are inserted in the same order. If the newChild is already in the tree, it is first removed.
Parameters
newChild of type Node
The new node to put in the child list.
oldChild of type Node
The node being replaced in the list.
Return Value

Node

The node replaced.

Exceptions

DOMException

HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR: Raised if this node is of a type that does not allow children of the type of the newChild node, or if the node to put in is one of this node's ancestors or this node itself.

WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if newChild was created from a different document than the one that created this node.

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node or the parent of the new node is readonly.

NOT_FOUND_ERR: Raised if oldChild is not a child of this node.

NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: if this node if of type Document, this exception might be raised if the DOM implementation doesn't support the replacement of the DocumentType child or Element child.

setUserData introduced in DOM Level 3
Associate an object to a key on this node. The object can later be retrieved from this node by calling getUserData with the same key.
Parameters
key of type DOMString
The key to associate the object to.
data of type DOMObject
The object to associate to the given key, or null to remove any existing association to that key.
handler of type UserDataHandler
The handler to associate to that key, or null.
Return Value

DOMObject

Returns the DOMObject previously associated to the given key on this node, or null if there was none.

No Exceptions
Interface NodeList

The NodeList interface provides the abstraction of an ordered collection of nodes, without defining or constraining how this collection is implemented. NodeList objects in the DOM are live.

The items in the NodeList are accessible via an integral index, starting from 0.


IDL Definition
interface NodeList {
  Node               item(in unsigned long index);
  readonly attribute unsigned long    length;
};

Attributes
length of type unsigned long, readonly
The number of nodes in the list. The range of valid child node indices is 0 to length-1 inclusive.
Methods
item
Returns the indexth item in the collection. If index is greater than or equal to the number of nodes in the list, this returns null.
Parameters
index of type unsigned long
Index into the collection.
Return Value

Node

The node at the indexth position in the NodeList, or null if that is not a valid index.

No Exceptions
Interface NamedNodeMap

Objects implementing the NamedNodeMap interface are used to represent collections of nodes that can be accessed by name. Note that NamedNodeMap does not inherit from NodeList; NamedNodeMaps are not maintained in any particular order. Objects contained in an object implementing NamedNodeMap may also be accessed by an ordinal index, but this is simply to allow convenient enumeration of the contents of a NamedNodeMap, and does not imply that the DOM specifies an order to these Nodes.

NamedNodeMap objects in the DOM are live.


IDL Definition
interface NamedNodeMap {
  Node               getNamedItem(in DOMString name);
  Node               setNamedItem(in Node arg)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  Node               removeNamedItem(in DOMString name)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  Node               item(in unsigned long index);
  readonly attribute unsigned long    length;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  Node               getNamedItemNS(in DOMString namespaceURI, 
                                    in DOMString localName);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  Node               setNamedItemNS(in Node arg)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  Node               removeNamedItemNS(in DOMString namespaceURI, 
                                       in DOMString localName)
                                        raises(DOMException);
};

Attributes
length of type unsigned long, readonly
The number of nodes in this map. The range of valid child node indices is 0 to length-1 inclusive.
Methods
getNamedItem
Retrieves a node specified by name.
Parameters
name of type DOMString
The nodeName of a node to retrieve.
Return Value

Node

A Node (of any type) with the specified nodeName, or null if it does not identify any node in this map.

No Exceptions
getNamedItemNS introduced in DOM Level 2
Retrieves a node specified by local name and namespace URI.
Documents which do not support the "XML" feature will permit only the DOM Level 1 calls for creating/setting elements and attributes. Hence, if you specify a non-null namespace URI, these DOMs will never find a matching node.
Per [XML Namespaces], applications must use the value null as the namespaceURI parameter for methods if they wish to have no namespace.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type DOMString
The namespace URI of the node to retrieve.
localName of type DOMString
The local name of the node to retrieve.
Return Value

Node

A Node (of any type) with the specified local name and namespace URI, or null if they do not identify any node in this map.

No Exceptions
item
Returns the indexth item in the map. If index is greater than or equal to the number of nodes in this map, this returns null.
Parameters
index of type unsigned long
Index into this map.
Return Value

Node

The node at the indexth position in the map, or null if that is not a valid index.

No Exceptions
removeNamedItem
Removes a node specified by name. When this map contains the attributes attached to an element, if the removed attribute is known to have a default value, an attribute immediately appears containing the default value as well as the corresponding namespace URI, local name, and prefix when applicable.
Parameters
name of type DOMString
The nodeName of the node to remove.
Return Value

Node

The node removed from this map if a node with such a name exists.

Exceptions

DOMException

NOT_FOUND_ERR: Raised if there is no node named name in this map.

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this map is readonly.

removeNamedItemNS introduced in DOM Level 2
Removes a node specified by local name and namespace URI. A removed attribute may be known to have a default value when this map contains the attributes attached to an element, as returned by the attributes attribute of the Node interface. If so, an attribute immediately appears containing the default value as well as the corresponding namespace URI, local name, and prefix when applicable.
Documents which do not support the "XML" feature will permit only the DOM Level 1 calls for creating/setting elements and attributes. Hence, if you specify a non-null namespace URI, these DOMs will never find a matching node.
Per [XML Namespaces], applications must use the value null as the namespaceURI parameter for methods if they wish to have no namespace.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type DOMString
The namespace URI of the node to remove.
localName of type DOMString
The local name of the node to remove.
Return Value

Node

The node removed from this map if a node with such a local name and namespace URI exists.

Exceptions

DOMException

NOT_FOUND_ERR: Raised if there is no node with the specified namespaceURI and localName in this map.

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this map is readonly.

setNamedItem
Adds a node using its nodeName attribute. If a node with that name is already present in this map, it is replaced by the new one.
As the nodeName attribute is used to derive the name which the node must be stored under, multiple nodes of certain types (those that have a "special" string value) cannot be stored as the names would clash. This is seen as preferable to allowing nodes to be aliased.
Parameters
arg of type Node
A node to store in this map. The node will later be accessible using the value of its nodeName attribute.
Return Value

Node

If the new Node replaces an existing node the replaced Node is returned, otherwise null is returned.

Exceptions

DOMException

WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if arg was created from a different document than the one that created this map.

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this map is readonly.

INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR: Raised if arg is an Attr that is already an attribute of another Element object. The DOM user must explicitly clone Attr nodes to re-use them in other elements.

HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR: Raised if an attempt is made to add a node doesn't belong in this NamedNodeMap. Examples would include trying to insert something other than an Attr node into an Element's map of attributes, or a non-Entity node into the DocumentType's map of Entities.

setNamedItemNS introduced in DOM Level 2
Adds a node using its namespaceURI and localName. If a node with that namespace URI and that local name is already present in this map, it is replaced by the new one.
Per [XML Namespaces], applications must use the value null as the namespaceURI parameter for methods if they wish to have no namespace.
Parameters
arg of type Node
A node to store in this map. The node will later be accessible using the value of its namespaceURI and localName attributes.
Return Value

Node

If the new Node replaces an existing node the replaced Node is returned, otherwise null is returned.

Exceptions

DOMException

WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if arg was created from a different document than the one that created this map.

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this map is readonly.

INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR: Raised if arg is an Attr that is already an attribute of another Element object. The DOM user must explicitly clone Attr nodes to re-use them in other elements.

HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR: Raised if an attempt is made to add a node doesn't belong in this NamedNodeMap. Examples would include trying to insert something other than an Attr node into an Element's map of attributes, or a non-Entity node into the DocumentType's map of Entities.

NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: Always thrown if the current document does not support the "XML" feature, since namespaces were defined by XML.

Interface CharacterData

The CharacterData interface extends Node with a set of attributes and methods for accessing character data in the DOM. For clarity this set is defined here rather than on each object that uses these attributes and methods. No DOM objects correspond directly to CharacterData, though Text and others do inherit the interface from it. All offsets in this interface start from 0.

As explained in the DOMString interface, text strings in the DOM are represented in UTF-16, i.e. as a sequence of 16-bit units. In the following, the term 16-bit units is used whenever necessary to indicate that indexing on CharacterData is done in 16-bit units.


IDL Definition
interface CharacterData : Node {
           attribute DOMString        data;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting
                                        // raises(DOMException) on retrieval

  readonly attribute unsigned long    length;
  DOMString          substringData(in unsigned long offset, 
                                   in unsigned long count)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  void               appendData(in DOMString arg)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  void               insertData(in unsigned long offset, 
                                in DOMString arg)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  void               deleteData(in unsigned long offset, 
                                in unsigned long count)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  void               replaceData(in unsigned long offset, 
                                 in unsigned long count, 
                                 in DOMString arg)
                                        raises(DOMException);
};

Attributes
data of type DOMString
The character data of the node that implements this interface. The DOM implementation may not put arbitrary limits on the amount of data that may be stored in a CharacterData node. However, implementation limits may mean that the entirety of a node's data may not fit into a single DOMString. In such cases, the user may call substringData to retrieve the data in appropriately sized pieces.
When the CharacterData is a Text, or a CDATASection, this attribute contains the property [character code] defined in [XML Information set]. When the CharacterData is a Comment, this attribute contains the property [content] defined by the Comment Information Item in [XML Information set].
Exceptions on setting

DOMException

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised when the node is readonly.

Exceptions on retrieval

DOMException

DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR: Raised when it would return more characters than fit in a DOMString variable on the implementation platform.

length of type unsigned long, readonly
The number of 16-bit units that are available through data and the substringData method below. This may have the value zero, i.e., CharacterData nodes may be empty.
Methods
appendData
Append the string to the end of the character data of the node. Upon success, data provides access to the concatenation of data and the DOMString specified.
Parameters
arg of type DOMString
The DOMString to append.
Exceptions

DOMException

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node is readonly.

No Return Value
deleteData
Remove a range of 16-bit units from the node. Upon success, data and length reflect the change.
Parameters
offset of type unsigned long
The offset from which to start removing.
count of type unsigned long
The number of 16-bit units to delete. If the sum of offset and count exceeds length then all 16-bit units from offset to the end of the data are deleted.
Exceptions

DOMException

INDEX_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the specified offset is negative or greater than the number of 16-bit units in data, or if the specified count is negative.

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node is readonly.

No Return Value
insertData
Insert a string at the specified 16-bit unit offset.
Parameters
offset of type unsigned long
The character offset at which to insert.
arg of type DOMString
The DOMString to insert.
Exceptions

DOMException

INDEX_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the specified offset is negative or greater than the number of 16-bit units in data.

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node is readonly.

No Return Value
replaceData
Replace the characters starting at the specified 16-bit unit offset with the specified string.
Parameters
offset of type unsigned long
The offset from which to start replacing.
count of type unsigned long
The number of 16-bit units to replace. If the sum of offset and count exceeds length, then all 16-bit units to the end of the data are replaced; (i.e., the effect is the same as a remove method call with the same range, followed by an append method invocation).
arg of type DOMString
The DOMString with which the range must be replaced.
Exceptions

DOMException

INDEX_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the specified offset is negative or greater than the number of 16-bit units in data, or if the specified count is negative.

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node is readonly.

No Return Value
substringData
Extracts a range of data from the node.
Parameters
offset of type unsigned long
Start offset of substring to extract.
count of type unsigned long
The number of 16-bit units to extract.
Return Value

DOMString

The specified substring. If the sum of offset and count exceeds the length, then all 16-bit units to the end of the data are returned.

Exceptions

DOMException

INDEX_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the specified offset is negative or greater than the number of 16-bit units in data, or if the specified count is negative.

DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the specified range of text does not fit into a DOMString.

Interface Attr

The Attr interface represents an attribute in an Element object. Typically the allowable values for the attribute are defined in a document type definition.

Attr objects inherit the Node interface, but since they are not actually child nodes of the element they describe, the DOM does not consider them part of the document tree. Thus, the Node attributes parentNode, previousSibling, and nextSibling have a null value for Attr objects. The DOM takes the view that attributes are properties of elements rather than having a separate identity from the elements they are associated with; this should make it more efficient to implement such features as default attributes associated with all elements of a given type. Furthermore, Attr nodes may not be immediate children of a DocumentFragment. However, they can be associated with Element nodes contained within a DocumentFragment. In short, users and implementors of the DOM need to be aware that Attr nodes have some things in common with other objects inheriting the Node interface, but they also are quite distinct.

The attribute's effective value is determined as follows: if this attribute has been explicitly assigned any value, that value is the attribute's effective value; otherwise, if there is a declaration for this attribute, and that declaration includes a default value, then that default value is the attribute's effective value; otherwise, the attribute does not exist on this element in the structure model until it has been explicitly added. Note that the nodeValue attribute on the Attr instance can also be used to retrieve the string version of the attribute's value(s).

In XML, where the value of an attribute can contain entity references, the child nodes of the Attr node may be either Text or EntityReference nodes (when these are in use; see the description of EntityReference for discussion). Because the DOM Core is not aware of attribute types, it treats all attribute values as simple strings, even if the DTD or schema declares them as having tokenized types.

The DOM implementation does not perform any attribute value normalization. While it is expected that the value and nodeValue attributes of an Attr node initially return the normalized value, this may not be the case after mutation. This is true, independently of whether the mutation is performed by setting the string value directly or by changing the Attr child nodes. In particular, this is true when character entity references are involved, given that they are not represented in the DOM and they impact attribute value normalization.

Note: The properties [attribute type] and [references] defined in [XML Information set] are not accessible from DOM Level 3 Core. However, [DOM Level 3 Abstract Schemas and Load and Save] does provide a way to access the property [attribute type].


IDL Definition
interface Attr : Node {
  readonly attribute DOMString        name;
  readonly attribute boolean          specified;
           attribute DOMString        value;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting

  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  readonly attribute Element          ownerElement;
};

Attributes
name of type DOMString, readonly
Returns the name of this attribute.
ownerElement of type Element, readonly, introduced in DOM Level 2
The Element node this attribute is attached to or null if this attribute is not in use.
This attribute represents the property [owner element] defined in [XML Information set].
specified of type boolean, readonly
If this attribute was explicitly given a value in the original document, this is true; otherwise, it is false. Note that the implementation is in charge of this attribute, not the user. If the user changes the value of the attribute (even if it ends up having the same value as the default value) then the specified flag is automatically flipped to true. To re-specify the attribute as the default value from the DTD, the user must delete the attribute. The implementation will then make a new attribute available with specified set to false and the default value (if one exists).
In summary:
  • If the attribute has an assigned value in the document then specified is true, and the value is the assigned value.
  • If the attribute has no assigned value in the document and has a default value in the DTD, then specified is false, and the value is the default value in the DTD.
  • If the attribute has no assigned value in the document and has a value of #IMPLIED in the DTD, then the attribute does not appear in the structure model of the document.
  • If the ownerElement attribute is null (i.e. because it was just created or was set to null by the various removal and cloning operations) specified is true.

This attribute represents the property [specified] defined [XML Information set].
value of type DOMString
On retrieval, the value of the attribute is returned as a string. Character and general entity references are replaced with their values. See also the method getAttribute on the Element interface.
On setting, this creates a Text node with the unparsed contents of the string. I.e. any characters that an XML processor would recognize as markup are instead treated as literal text. See also the method setAttribute on the Element interface.
If the value does contain the normalized attribute value, this attribute represents the property [normalized value] defined in [XML Information set].
Exceptions on setting

DOMException

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised when the node is readonly.

Interface Element

The Element interface represents an element in an HTML or XML document. Elements may have attributes associated with them; since the Element interface inherits from Node, the generic Node interface attribute attributes may be used to retrieve the set of all attributes for an element. There are methods on the Element interface to retrieve either an Attr object by name or an attribute value by name. In XML, where an attribute value may contain entity references, an Attr object should be retrieved to examine the possibly fairly complex sub-tree representing the attribute value. On the other hand, in HTML, where all attributes have simple string values, methods to directly access an attribute value can safely be used as a convenience.

Note: In DOM Level 2, the method normalize is inherited from the Node interface where it was moved.

Note: The properties [namespace attributes] and [in-scope namespaces] defined in [XML Information set] are not accessible from DOM Level 3 Core. However, [DOM Level 3 XPath] does provide a way to access the property [in-scope namespaces].


IDL Definition
interface Element : Node {
  readonly attribute DOMString        tagName;
  DOMString          getAttribute(in DOMString name);
  void               setAttribute(in DOMString name, 
                                  in DOMString value)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  void               removeAttribute(in DOMString name)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  Attr               getAttributeNode(in DOMString name);
  Attr               setAttributeNode(in Attr newAttr)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  Attr               removeAttributeNode(in Attr oldAttr)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  NodeList           getElementsByTagName(in DOMString name);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  DOMString          getAttributeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI, 
                                    in DOMString localName);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  void               setAttributeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI, 
                                    in DOMString qualifiedName, 
                                    in DOMString value)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  void               removeAttributeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI, 
                                       in DOMString localName)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  Attr               getAttributeNodeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI, 
                                        in DOMString localName);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  Attr               setAttributeNodeNS(in Attr newAttr)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  NodeList           getElementsByTagNameNS(in DOMString namespaceURI, 
                                            in DOMString localName);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  boolean            hasAttribute(in DOMString name);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  boolean            hasAttributeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI, 
                                    in DOMString localName);
};

Attributes
tagName of type DOMString, readonly
The name of the element. For example, in:
          <elementExample id="demo"> 
          ... 
          </elementExample> ,
       
tagName has the value "elementExample". Note that this is case-preserving in XML, as are all of the operations of the DOM. The HTML DOM returns the tagName of an HTML element in the canonical uppercase form, regardless of the case in the source HTML document.
Methods
getAttribute
Retrieves an attribute value by name.
Parameters
name of type DOMString
The name of the attribute to retrieve.
Return Value

DOMString

The Attr value as a string, or the empty string if that attribute does not have a specified or default value.

No Exceptions
getAttributeNS introduced in DOM Level 2
Retrieves an attribute value by local name and namespace URI.
Documents which do not support the "XML" feature will permit only the DOM Level 1 calls for creating/setting elements and attributes. Hence, if you specify a non-null namespace URI, these DOMs will never find a matching node.
Per [XML Namespaces], applications must use the value null as the namespaceURI parameter for methods if they wish to have no namespace.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type DOMString
The namespace URI of the attribute to retrieve.
localName of type DOMString
The local name of the attribute to retrieve.
Return Value

DOMString

The Attr value as a string, or the empty string if that attribute does not have a specified or default value.

No Exceptions
getAttributeNode
Retrieves an attribute node by name.
To retrieve an attribute node by qualified name and namespace URI, use the getAttributeNodeNS method.
Parameters
name of type DOMString
The name (nodeName) of the attribute to retrieve.
Return Value

Attr

The Attr node with the specified name (nodeName) or null if there is no such attribute.

No Exceptions
getAttributeNodeNS introduced in DOM Level 2
Retrieves an Attr node by local name and namespace URI.
Documents which do not support the "XML" feature will permit only the DOM Level 1 calls for creating/setting elements and attributes. Hence, if you specify a non-null namespace URI, these DOMs will never find a matching node.
Per [XML Namespaces], applications must use the value null as the namespaceURI parameter for methods if they wish to have no namespace.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type DOMString
The namespace URI of the attribute to retrieve.
localName of type DOMString
The local name of the attribute to retrieve.
Return Value

Attr

The Attr node with the specified attribute local name and namespace URI or null if there is no such attribute.

No Exceptions
getElementsByTagName
Returns a NodeList of all descendant Elements with a given tag name, in the order in which they are encountered in a preorder traversal of this Element tree.
Parameters
name of type DOMString
The name of the tag to match on. The special value "*" matches all tags.
Return Value

NodeList

A list of matching Element nodes.

No Exceptions
getElementsByTagNameNS introduced in DOM Level 2
Returns a NodeList of all the descendant Elements with a given local name and namespace URI in the order in which they are encountered in a preorder traversal of this Element tree.
Documents which do not support the "XML" feature will permit only the DOM Level 1 calls for creating/setting elements and attributes. Hence, if you specify a non-null namespace URI, these DOMs will never find a matching node.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type DOMString
The namespace URI of the elements to match on. The special value "*" matches all namespaces.
localName of type DOMString
The local name of the elements to match on. The special value "*" matches all local names.
Return Value

NodeList

A new NodeList object containing all the matched Elements.

No Exceptions
hasAttribute introduced in DOM Level 2
Returns true when an attribute with a given name is specified on this element or has a default value, false otherwise.
Parameters
name of type DOMString
The name of the attribute to look for.
Return Value

boolean

true if an attribute with the given name is specified on this element or has a default value, false otherwise.

No Exceptions
hasAttributeNS introduced in DOM Level 2
Returns true when an attribute with a given local name and namespace URI is specified on this element or has a default value, false otherwise.
Documents which do not support the "XML" feature will permit only the DOM Level 1 calls for creating/setting elements and attributes. Hence, if you specify a non-null namespace URI, these DOMs will never find a matching node.
Per [XML Namespaces], applications must use the value null as the namespaceURI parameter for methods if they wish to have no namespace.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type DOMString
The namespace URI of the attribute to look for.
localName of type DOMString
The local name of the attribute to look for.
Return Value

boolean

true if an attribute with the given local name and namespace URI is specified or has a default value on this element, false otherwise.

No Exceptions
removeAttribute
Removes an attribute by name. If the removed attribute is known to have a default value, an attribute immediately appears containing the default value as well as the corresponding namespace URI, local name, and prefix when applicable. If the attribute does not have a specified or default value, calling this method has no effect.
To remove an attribute by local name and namespace URI, use the removeAttributeNS method.
Parameters
name of type DOMString
The name of the attribute to remove.
Exceptions

DOMException

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node is readonly.

No Return Value
removeAttributeNS introduced in DOM Level 2
Removes an attribute by local name and namespace URI. If the removed attribute has a default value it is immediately replaced. The replacing attribute has the same namespace URI and local name, as well as the original prefix. If the attribute does not have a specified or default value, calling this method has no effect.
Documents which do not support the "XML" feature will permit only the DOM Level 1 calls for creating/setting elements and attributes. Hence, if you specify a non-null namespace URI, these DOMs will never find a matching node.
Per [XML Namespaces], applications must use the value null as the namespaceURI parameter for methods if they wish to have no namespace.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type DOMString
The namespace URI of the attribute to remove.
localName of type DOMString
The local name of the attribute to remove.
Exceptions

DOMException

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node is readonly.

No Return Value
removeAttributeNode
Removes the specified attribute node. If the removed Attr has a default value it is immediately replaced. The replacing attribute has the same namespace URI and local name, as well as the original prefix, when applicable.
Parameters
oldAttr of type Attr
The Attr node to remove from the attribute list.
Return Value

Attr

The Attr node that was removed.

Exceptions

DOMException

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node is readonly.

NOT_FOUND_ERR: Raised if oldAttr is not an attribute of the element.

setAttribute
Adds a new attribute. If an attribute with that name is already present in the element, its value is changed to be that of the value parameter. This value is a simple string; it is not parsed as it is being set. So any markup (such as syntax to be recognized as an entity reference) is treated as literal text, and needs to be appropriately escaped by the implementation when it is written out. In order to assign an attribute value that contains entity references, the user must create an Attr node plus any Text and EntityReference nodes, build the appropriate subtree, and use setAttributeNode to assign it as the value of an attribute.
To set an attribute with a qualified name and namespace URI, use the setAttributeNS method.
Parameters
name of type DOMString
The name of the attribute to create or alter.
value of type DOMString
Value to set in string form.
Exceptions

DOMException

INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified name contains an illegal character.

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node is readonly.

No Return Value
setAttributeNS introduced in DOM Level 2
Adds a new attribute. If an attribute with the same local name and namespace URI is already present on the element, its prefix is changed to be the prefix part of the qualifiedName, and its value is changed to be the value parameter. This value is a simple string; it is not parsed as it is being set. So any markup (such as syntax to be recognized as an entity reference) is treated as literal text, and needs to be appropriately escaped by the implementation when it is written out. In order to assign an attribute value that contains entity references, the user must create an Attr node plus any Text and EntityReference nodes, build the appropriate subtree, and use setAttributeNodeNS or setAttributeNode to assign it as the value of an attribute.
Per [XML Namespaces], applications must use the value null as the namespaceURI parameter for methods if they wish to have no namespace.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type DOMString
The namespace URI of the attribute to create or alter.
qualifiedName of type DOMString
The qualified name of the attribute to create or alter.
value of type DOMString
The value to set in string form.
Exceptions

DOMException

INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified qualified name contains an illegal character, per the XML 1.0 specification [XML].

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node is readonly.

NAMESPACE_ERR: Raised if the qualifiedName is malformed per the Namespaces in XML specification, if the qualifiedName has a prefix and the namespaceURI is null, if the qualifiedName has a prefix that is "xml" and the namespaceURI is different from "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace", or if the qualifiedName, or its prefix, is "xmlns" and the namespaceURI is different from "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/".

NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: Always thrown if the current document does not support the "XML" feature, since namespaces were defined by XML.

No Return Value
setAttributeNode
Adds a new attribute node. If an attribute with that name (nodeName) is already present in the element, it is replaced by the new one.
To add a new attribute node with a qualified name and namespace URI, use the setAttributeNodeNS method.
Parameters
newAttr of type Attr
The Attr node to add to the attribute list.
Return Value

Attr

If the newAttr attribute replaces an existing attribute, the replaced Attr node is returned, otherwise null is returned.

Exceptions

DOMException

WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if newAttr was created from a different document than the one that created the element.

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node is readonly.

INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR: Raised if newAttr is already an attribute of another Element object. The DOM user must explicitly clone Attr nodes to re-use them in other elements.

setAttributeNodeNS introduced in DOM Level 2
Adds a new attribute. If an attribute with that local name and that namespace URI is already present in the element, it is replaced by the new one.
Per [XML Namespaces], applications must use the value null as the namespaceURI parameter for methods if they wish to have no namespace.
Parameters
newAttr of type Attr
The Attr node to add to the attribute list.
Return Value

Attr

If the newAttr attribute replaces an existing attribute with the same local name and namespace URI, the replaced Attr node is returned, otherwise null is returned.

Exceptions

DOMException

WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if newAttr was created from a different document than the one that created the element.

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node is readonly.

INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR: Raised if newAttr is already an attribute of another Element object. The DOM user must explicitly clone Attr nodes to re-use them in other elements.

NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: Always thrown if the current document does not support the "XML" feature, since namespaces were defined by XML.

Interface Text

The Text interface inherits from CharacterData and represents the textual content (termed character data in XML) of an Element or Attr. If there is no markup inside an element's content, the text is contained in a single object implementing the Text interface that is the only child of the element. If there is markup, it is parsed into the information items (elements, comments, etc.) and Text nodes that form the list of children of the element.

When a document is first made available via the DOM, there is only one Text node for each block of text. Users may create adjacent Text nodes that represent the contents of a given element without any intervening markup, but should be aware that there is no way to represent the separations between these nodes in XML or HTML, so they will not (in general) persist between DOM editing sessions. The normalize() method on Node merges any such adjacent Text objects into a single node for each block of text.


IDL Definition
interface Text : CharacterData {
  Text               splitText(in unsigned long offset)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  readonly attribute boolean          isWhitespaceInElementContent;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  readonly attribute DOMString        wholeText;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  Text               replaceWholeText(in DOMString content)
                                        raises(DOMException);
};

Attributes
isWhitespaceInElementContent of type boolean, readonly, introduced in DOM Level 3
Returns whether this text node contains whitespace in element content, often abusively called "ignorable whitespace".

Note: An implementation can only return true if, one way or another, it has access to the relevant information (e.g., the DTD or schema).


This attribute represents the property [element content whitespace] defined in [XML Information set].
wholeText of type DOMString, readonly, introduced in DOM Level 3
Returns all text of Text nodes logically-adjacent to this node.
Issue wholeText-1:
What's the definition of "logically-adjacent"?
Methods
replaceWholeText introduced in DOM Level 3
Replace all Text nodes logically-adjacent to this node.
Parameters
content of type DOMString
The content of the replacing Text node.
Return Value

Text

The Text node created with the specified content.

Exceptions

DOMException

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if one of the Text nodes being replaced is readonly.

splitText
Breaks this node into two nodes at the specified offset, keeping both in the tree as siblings. After being split, this node will contain all the content up to the offset point. A new node of the same type, which contains all the content at and after the offset point, is returned. If the original node had a parent node, the new node is inserted as the next sibling of the original node. When the offset is equal to the length of this node, the new node has no data.
Parameters
offset of type unsigned long
The 16-bit unit offset at which to split, starting from 0.
Return Value

Text

The new node, of the same type as this node.

Exceptions

DOMException

INDEX_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the specified offset is negative or greater than the number of 16-bit units in data.

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this node is readonly.

Interface Comment

This interface inherits from CharacterData and represents the content of a comment, i.e., all the characters between the starting '<!--' and ending '-->'. Note that this is the definition of a comment in XML, and, in practice, HTML, although some HTML tools may implement the full SGML comment structure.


IDL Definition
interface Comment : CharacterData {
};

Interface UserDataHandler

When associating an object to a key on a node using setUserData the application can provide a handler that gets called when the node the object is associated to is being cloned or imported. This can be used by the application to implement various behaviors regarding the data it associates to the DOM nodes. This interface defines that handler.


IDL Definition
interface UserDataHandler {

  // OperationType
  const unsigned short      CLONED                         = 1;
  const unsigned short      IMPORTED                       = 2;
  const unsigned short      DELETED                        = 3;

  void               handle(in unsigned short operation, 
                            in DOMString key, 
                            in DOMObject data, 
                            in Node src, 
                            in Node dst);
};

Definition group OperationType

An integer indicating the type of operation being performed on a node.

Defined Constants
CLONED
The node is cloned.
DELETED
The node is deleted.
IMPORTED
The node is imported.
Methods
handle
This method is called whenever the node for which this handler is registered is imported or cloned.
Parameters
operation of type unsigned short
Specifies the type of operation that is being performed on the node.
key of type DOMString
Specifies the key for which this handler is being called.
data of type DOMObject
Specifies the data for which this handler is being called.
src of type Node
Specifies the node being cloned or imported.
dst of type Node
Specifies the node newly created.
No Return Value
No Exceptions
Interface DOMError

DOMError is an interface that describes an error.


IDL Definition
interface DOMError {
  const unsigned short      SEVERITY_WARNING               = 0;
  const unsigned short      SEVERITY_ERROR                 = 1;
  const unsigned short      SEVERITY_FATAL_ERROR           = 2;
  readonly attribute unsigned short   severity;
  readonly attribute DOMString        message;
  readonly attribute Object           exception;
  readonly attribute DOMLocator       location;
};

Constant SEVERITY_WARNING
The severity of the error described by the DOMError is warning
Constant SEVERITY_ERROR
The severity of the error described by the DOMError is error
Constant SEVERITY_FATAL_ERROR
The severity of the error described by the DOMError is fatal error
Attributes
exception of type Object, readonly
The byte or character offset into the input source, if we're parsing a file or a byte stream then this will be the byte offset into that stream, but if a character media is parsed then the offset will be the character offset.
Issue Error-1:
exception is a reserved word, we need to rename it.
location of type DOMLocator, readonly
The location of the error.
message of type DOMString, readonly
An implementation specific string describing the error that occured.
severity of type unsigned short, readonly
The severity of the error, either SEVERITY_WARNING, SEVERITY_ERROR, or SEVERITY_FATAL_ERROR.
Interface DOMErrorHandler

DOMErrorHandler is a callback interface that the DOM implementation can call when reporting errors that happens while processing XML data, or when doing some other processing (e.g. validating a document).

The application that is using the DOM implementation is expected to implement this interface.

Issue ErrorHandler-1:
How does one register an error handler in the core? Passed as an argument to super-duper-normalize or registered on the DOMImplementation?

IDL Definition
interface DOMErrorHandler {
  boolean            handleError(in DOMError error);
};

Methods
handleError
This method is called on the error handler when an error occures.
Parameters
error of type DOMError
The error object that describes the error, this object may be reused by the DOM implementation across multiple calls to the handleEvent method.
Return Value

boolean

If the handleError method returns true the DOM implementation should continue as if the error didn't happen when possible, if the method returns false then the DOM implementation should stop the current processing when possible.

No Exceptions
Interface DOMLocator

DOMLocator is an interface that describes a location (e.g. where an error occured).


IDL Definition
interface DOMLocator {
  readonly attribute long             lineNumber;
  readonly attribute long             columnNumber;
  readonly attribute long             offset;
  readonly attribute Node             errorNode;
  readonly attribute DOMString        uri;
};

Attributes
columnNumber of type long, readonly
The column number where the error occured, or -1 if there is no column number available.
errorNode of type Node, readonly
The DOM Node where the error occured, or null if there is no Node available.
lineNumber of type long, readonly
The line number where the error occured, or -1 if there is no line number available.
offset of type long, readonly
The byte or character offset into the input source, if we're parsing a file or a byte stream then this will be the byte offset into that stream, but if a character media is parsed then the offset will be the character offset.
uri of type DOMString, readonly
The URI where the error occured, or null if there is no URI available.

1.3. Extended Interfaces

The interfaces defined here form part of the DOM Core specification, but objects that expose these interfaces will never be encountered in a DOM implementation that deals only with HTML.

The interfaces found within this section are not mandatory. A DOM application may use the hasFeature(feature, version) method of the DOMImplementation interface with parameter values "XML" and "3.0" (respectively) to determine whether or not this module is supported by the implementation. In order to fully support this module, an implementation must also support the "Core" feature defined in Fundamental Interfaces. Please refer to additional information about Conformance in this specification. The DOM Level 3 XML module is backward compatible with the DOM Level 2 XML [DOM Level 2 Core] and DOM Level 1 XML [DOM Level 1] modules, i.e. a DOM Level 3 XML implementation who returns true for "XML" with the version number "3.0" must also return true for this feature when the version number is "2.0", "1.0", "" or, null.

Interface CDATASection

CDATA sections are used to escape blocks of text containing characters that would otherwise be regarded as markup. The only delimiter that is recognized in a CDATA section is the "]]>" string that ends the CDATA section. CDATA sections cannot be nested. Their primary purpose is for including material such as XML fragments, without needing to escape all the delimiters.

The DOMString attribute of the Text node holds the text that is contained by the CDATA section. Note that this may contain characters that need to be escaped outside of CDATA sections and that, depending on the character encoding ("charset") chosen for serialization, it may be impossible to write out some characters as part of a CDATA section.

The CDATASection interface inherits from the CharacterData interface through the Text interface. Adjacent CDATASection nodes are not merged by use of the normalize method of the Node interface.

Note: Because no markup is recognized within a CDATASection, character numeric references cannot be used as an escape mechanism when serializing. Therefore, action needs to be taken when serializing a CDATASection with a character encoding where some of the contained characters cannot be represented. Failure to do so would not produce well-formed XML.
One potential solution in the serialization process is to end the CDATA section before the character, output the character using a character reference or entity reference, and open a new CDATA section for any further characters in the text node. Note, however, that some code conversion libraries at the time of writing do not return an error or exception when a character is missing from the encoding, making the task of ensuring that data is not corrupted on serialization more difficult.


IDL Definition
interface CDATASection : Text {
};

Interface DocumentType

Each Document has a doctype attribute whose value is either null or a DocumentType object. The DocumentType interface in the DOM Core provides an interface to the list of entities that are defined for the document, and little else because the effect of namespaces and the various XML schema efforts on DTD representation are not clearly understood as of this writing.

The DOM Level 2 doesn't support editing DocumentType nodes.

Note: The property [children] defined by the Document Type Declaration Information Item in [XML Information set] is not accessible from DOM Level 3 Core.


IDL Definition
interface DocumentType : Node {
  readonly attribute DOMString        name;
  readonly attribute NamedNodeMap     entities;
  readonly attribute NamedNodeMap     notations;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  readonly attribute DOMString        publicId;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  readonly attribute DOMString        systemId;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  readonly attribute DOMString        internalSubset;
};

Attributes
entities of type NamedNodeMap, readonly
A NamedNodeMap containing the general entities, both external and internal, declared in the DTD. Parameter entities are not contained. Duplicates are discarded. For example in:
<!DOCTYPE ex SYSTEM "ex.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY foo "foo">
  <!ENTITY bar "bar">
  <!ENTITY bar "bar2">
  <!ENTITY % baz "baz">
]>
<ex/>
the interface provides access to foo and the first declaration of bar but not the second declaration of bar or baz. Every node in this map also implements the Entity interface.
The DOM Level 2 does not support editing entities, therefore entities cannot be altered in any way.
internalSubset of type DOMString, readonly, introduced in DOM Level 2
The internal subset as a string, or null if there is none. This is does not contain the delimiting square brackets.

Note: The actual content returned depends on how much information is available to the implementation. This may vary depending on various parameters, including the XML processor used to build the document.

name of type DOMString, readonly
The name of DTD; i.e., the name immediately following the DOCTYPE keyword.
notations of type NamedNodeMap, readonly
A NamedNodeMap containing the notations declared in the DTD. Duplicates are discarded. Every node in this map also implements the Notation interface.
The DOM Level 2 does not support editing notations, therefore notations cannot be altered in any way.
This attribute represents the property [notations] defined by the Document Information Item in [XML Information set].
publicId of type DOMString, readonly, introduced in DOM Level 2
The public identifier of the external subset.
This attribute represents the property [public identifier] defined by the Document Type Declaration Information Item in [XML Information set].
systemId of type DOMString, readonly, introduced in DOM Level 2
The system identifier of the external subset.
This attribute represents the property [system identifier] defined by the Document Type Declaration Information Item in [XML Information set].
Interface Notation

This interface represents a notation declared in the DTD. A notation either declares, by name, the format of an unparsed entity (see section 4.7 of the XML 1.0 specification [XML]), or is used for formal declaration of processing instruction targets (see section 2.6 of the XML 1.0 specification [XML]). The nodeName attribute inherited from Node is set to the declared name of the notation.

The DOM Level 1 does not support editing Notation nodes; they are therefore readonly.

A Notation node does not have any parent.

Issue Notation-1:
adds a namespaceURI for notations?
Resolution: No. 1- notations are attached to a DocumentType. 2- what would be the key for notations in namednodemap?

IDL Definition
interface Notation : Node {
  readonly attribute DOMString        publicId;
  readonly attribute DOMString        systemId;
};

Attributes
publicId of type DOMString, readonly
The public identifier of this notation. If the public identifier was not specified, this is null.
This attribute represents the property [public identifier] defined by the Notation Information Item in [XML Information set].
systemId of type DOMString, readonly
The system identifier of this notation. If the system identifier was not specified, this is null.
This attribute represents the property [system identifier] defined by the Notation Information Item in [XML Information set].
Interface Entity

This interface represents an entity, either parsed or unparsed, in an XML document. Note that this models the entity itself not the entity declaration. Entity declaration modeling has been left for a later Level of the DOM specification.

The nodeName attribute that is inherited from Node contains the name of the entity.

An XML processor may choose to completely expand entities before the structure model is passed to the DOM; in this case there will be no EntityReference nodes in the document tree.

XML does not mandate that a non-validating XML processor read and process entity declarations made in the external subset or declared in external parameter entities. This means that parsed entities declared in the external subset need not be expanded by some classes of applications, and that the replacement text of the entity may not be available. When the replacement text is available, the corresponding Entity node's child list represents the structure of that replacement value. Otherwise, the child list is empty.

The DOM Level 2 does not support editing Entity nodes; if a user wants to make changes to the contents of an Entity, every related EntityReference node has to be replaced in the structure model by a clone of the Entity's contents, and then the desired changes must be made to each of those clones instead. Entity nodes and all their descendants are readonly.

An Entity node does not have any parent.

Note: If the entity contains an unbound namespace prefix, the namespaceURI of the corresponding node in the Entity node subtree is null. The same is true for EntityReference nodes that refer to this entity, when they are created using the createEntityReference method of the Document interface. The DOM Level 2 does not support any mechanism to resolve namespace prefixes.

Note: The properties [notation name] and [notation] defined in [XML Information set] are not accessible from DOM Level 3 Core. However, [DOM Level 3 Abstract Schemas and Load and Save] does provide a way to access them.


IDL Definition
interface Entity : Node {
  readonly attribute DOMString        publicId;
  readonly attribute DOMString        systemId;
  readonly attribute DOMString        notationName;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
           attribute DOMString        actualEncoding;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
           attribute DOMString        encoding;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
           attribute DOMString        version;
};

Attributes
actualEncoding of type DOMString, introduced in DOM Level 3
An attribute specifying the actual encoding of this entity, when it is an external parsed entity. This is null otherwise.
encoding of type DOMString, introduced in DOM Level 3
An attribute specifying, as part of the text declaration, the encoding of this entity, when it is an external parsed entity. This is null otherwise.
notationName of type DOMString, readonly
For unparsed entities, the name of the notation for the entity. For parsed entities, this is null.
publicId of type DOMString, readonly
The public identifier associated with the entity, if specified. If the public identifier was not specified, this is null.
This attribute represents the property [public identifier] defined by the Unparsed Entity Information Item in [XML Information set].
systemId of type DOMString, readonly
The system identifier associated with the entity, if specified. If the system identifier was not specified, this is null.
This attribute represents the property [system identifier] defined by the Unparsed Entity Information Item in [XML Information set].
version of type DOMString, introduced in DOM Level 3
An attribute specifying, as part of the text declaration, the version number of this entity, when it is an external parsed entity. This is null otherwise.
Interface EntityReference

EntityReference objects may be inserted into the structure model when an entity reference is in the source document, or when the user wishes to insert an entity reference. Note that character references and references to predefined entities are considered to be expanded by the HTML or XML processor so that characters are represented by their Unicode equivalent rather than by an entity reference. Moreover, the XML processor may completely expand references to entities while building the structure model, instead of providing EntityReference objects. If it does provide such objects, then for a given EntityReference node, it may be that there is no Entity node representing the referenced entity. If such an Entity exists, then the subtree of the EntityReference node is in general a copy of the Entity node subtree. However, this may not be true when an entity contains an unbound namespace prefix. In such a case, because the namespace prefix resolution depends on where the entity reference is, the descendants of the EntityReference node may be bound to different namespace URIs.

As for Entity nodes, EntityReference nodes and all their descendants are readonly.

Note: The properties [system identifier] and [public identifier] defined by the Unexpanded Entity Reference Information Item in [XML Information set] are accessible through the Entity interface. The property [all declarations processed] is not accessible throught the DOM API.


IDL Definition
interface EntityReference : Node {
};

Interface ProcessingInstruction

The ProcessingInstruction interface represents a "processing instruction", used in XML as a way to keep processor-specific information in the text of the document.

Note: The property [notation] defined in [XML Information set] is not accessible from DOM Level 3 Core.


IDL Definition
interface ProcessingInstruction : Node {
  readonly attribute DOMString        target;
           attribute DOMString        data;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting

};

Attributes
data of type DOMString
The content of this processing instruction. This is from the first non white space character after the target to the character immediately preceding the ?>.
This attribute represents the property [content] defined by the Processing Instruction Information Item in [XML Information set].
Exceptions on setting

DOMException

NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised when the node is readonly.

target of type DOMString, readonly
The target of this processing instruction. XML defines this as being the first token following the markup that begins the processing instruction.
This attribute represents the property [target] defined in [XML Information set].