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Section 4.2.10 says in part: Annotations cannot be individually addressed: they can only be accessed through wildcarding. Annotation components therefore do not have individually distinguishable canonical schema component paths or designators. I believe this is true for XSD 1.0, but in XSD 1.1 I thought the rationale for changing annotations from being sets to being sequences was precisely (or at least in part) to enable SCDs to use numeric positional predicates to distinguish them, so that one could write annotation::*[2] to pick up the second one. Looking at it from this angle, I wonder whether the right answer to the permanent question "which version of XSD are SCDs to support?" might be "both -- SCDs should be able to designate components in either version of XSD, and variations should be noted where appropriate. In 4.2.10, for example, the words just quoted might be preceded by "For XSD 1.0,", and another sentence or so might be added to say that for XSD 1.1, annotations are given in sequences, so that predicates may be used to distinguish them.
We discussed this issue on the call of 18 July 2008, and concluded that we will not try to fix the component model of 1.0 to address this, and that for 1.1 things actually do work. Editor to draft appropriate wording.
Fixed in Last Call draft http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-xmlschema-ref-20081117/