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Section 3.3.1 has "An element information item is ·valid· only if it satisfies the {type definition}." This is not correct. An element can be valid if it satisfies an xsi:type that's derived from the {type definition} by extension, even if the element doesn't satisfy the {type definition} itself.
A proposal to resolve this issue has been placed at http://www.w3.org/XML/Group/2004/06/xmlschema-1/structures.cleanup-1.200610.html (member-only link) for review and action by the WG.
The proposal mentioned in comment #1 has been approved by the WG; the revised text will be included in the next public working draft (and is now in the status-quo draft accessible to W3C members at http://www.w3.org/XML/Group/2004/06/xmlschema-1/structures.nsq.html).