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"alg" is a generic parameter applicable to all JWKs. For keys with a "kty" of "EC", the field "crv" is present, which indicates the parameters of the Elliptic Curve public key. It's possible to construct a JWK whose "alg" is in conflict with the "crv" parameter, for example: { kty: "EC", alg: "ES256", crv: "P-521", x: ..., y: ... } Such keys are fundamentally inconsistent. As currently specified, the "alg" field is ignored, and the key is imported with a namedCurve of "P-521".
https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/webcrypto-api/rev/d49793c63670