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In section 10.2.5 fn:namespace-uri-for-prefix we say: "If $prefix is the zero-length string or the empty sequence, it returns the namespace URI of the default (unnamed) namespace." In Bug #11590 we said that we should clarify the namespace URI that is returned for an element in no namespace. When this situation occurs in Section 10.2.4 fn:namespace-uri-from-QName, we say, "the zero-length xs:anyURI is returned." When it occurs in Section 14.3 fn:namespace-uri, we say, "the function returns the zero-length xs:anyURI value."
*** Bug 12554 has been marked as a duplicate of this bug. ***
The resolution of this bug is recorded under the related bug #11590 (raised against the test suite.) Andrew, can you do the honours and close it please?