Canvas and SVG Elements

The <svg> element is intended the 2D vector rendering. The <canvas> element gives access to the 2D Context API.

Technical comparison

Technical considerations between SVG and the 2D Context API
SVG	2D Context API
document-based	script-based
vectors	pixel operations
object model with hi-testing and events	low-level graphics API, no scene graph
performance hit with large numbers of shapes	fast rendering
accessible	must create accessible equivalent

Use case considerations between SVG and the 2D Context API
SVG	2D Context API
user interfaces	fast-paced games
scalable images	very complex images
interactive animations	highly dynamic visualizations
for designers	for developers