# Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) Version 2.0

## W3C Last Call Working Draft 11 April 21 May 2013

This version:
  http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-its20-20130411/ http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-its20-20130521/
Latest version:
  http://www.w3.org/TR/its20/
Previous version:
  http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-its20-20121206/ http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-its20-20130411/
Editors:
  Shaun McCane, Invited Expert
  Dave Lewis, TCD
  Christian Lieske, SAP AG
  Arle Lommel, DFKI
  Jirka Kosek, UEP
  Felix Sasaki, DFKI / W3C Fellow
  Yves Savourel, ENLASO

This document is also available in these non-normative formats: ODD/XML document , self-contained zipped archive , and XHTML Diff markup to previous publication 2012-12-06 2013-04-11 .

Copyright Â© 2013 W3C Â® ( MIT , ERCIM , Keio , Beihang ), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability , trademark and document use rules apply.

## Abstract

The technology described in this document - the Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) 2.0 - enhances the foundation to integrate automated processing of human language into core Web technologies. ITS 2.0 bears many commonalities with is predecessor, ITS 1.0 but provides additional concepts that are designed to foster the automated creation and processing of multilingual Web content. ITS 2.0 focuses on HTML, XML-based formats in general, and can leverage processing based on the XML Localization Interchange File Format (XLIFF), as well as the Natural Language Processing Interchange Format (NIF).

## Status of this Document

This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.

The technology described in this document - the Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) 2.0 - enhances the foundation to integrate automated processing of human language into core Web technologies. ITS 2.0 bears many commonalities with is predecessor, ITS 1.0 but provides additional concepts that are designed to foster the automated creation and processing of multilingual Web content. ITS 2.0 focuses on HTML, XML-based formats in general, and can leverage processing based on the XML Localization Interchange File Format (XLIFF), as well as the Natural Language Processing Interchange Format (NIF).

This document was published by the MultilingualWeb-LT Working Group as an updated working draft. a Last Call Working Draft. The Last Call period ends 11 June 2013. The publication reflects changes made since the previous Last Call publication 6 November 2012. December 2012 and the ordinary working draft 11 April 2013 . The Working Group expects to advance this Working Draft document to Recommendation status (see W3C document maturity levels ).

All last call issues in the normative sections (from Section 3: Notation 3: Notation and Terminology to Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories and Appendix A: References A: References to Appendix D: Schemas D: Schemas for ITS ) have been resolved, with four exceptions . resolved. The other, non-normative sections contain only explanatory material and will be updated in a later working draft. The Working Group encourages feedback until end 11 June 2013.

Substantive changes during the first last call period are: a new regular expression definition for allowed characters ,re-formulation of disambiguation data category to "text analysis" ,making directionality normative again ,removal of April 2013 on the unresolved issues ruby section ,aligning ITS 2.0 translate in HTML5 with the HTML5 definition of the attribute ,defining default behaviour for Elements within Text in HTML5 .

Since the ITS 2.0 test suite already has a high coverage for normative features of this specification, the Working Group expects to advance the specification directly to Proposed Recommendation status.

To give feedback send your comments to public-multilingualweb-lt-comments@w3.org . Use "Comment on ITS 2.0 specification WD" in the subject line of your email. The archives for this list are publicly available. See also issues discussed within the Working Group and the list of changes since the previous publication .

Publication as a Last Call Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.

This document was produced by a group operating under the 5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy . W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy .

## 1 Introduction

This section is informative.

ITS 2.0 is a technology to add metadata to Web content, for the benefit of localization, language technologies, and internationalization. The ITS 2.0 specification both identifies concepts (such as â€œTranslateâ€) that are important for internationalization and localization, and defines implementations of these concepts (termed â€œITS data categoriesâ€) as a set of elements and attributes called the Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) . The document provides implementations for HTML, serializations in NIF (NLP Interchange (NLP Interchange Format) , and provides definitions of ITS elements and attributes in the form of XML Schema [XML Schema] and RELAX NG [RELAX NG] .

This document aims to realize many of the ideas formulated in the ITS 2.0 Requirements document , in [ITS REQ] and [Localizable DTDs] .

Not all requirements listed there are addressed in this document. Those which are not addressed here are either covered in [XML i18n BP] (potentially in an as yet unwritten best practice document on multilingual Web content), or may be addressed in a future version of this specification.

### 1.1 Relation to ITS 1.0 and New Principles

#### 1.1.1 Relation to ITS 1.0

ITS 2.0 has the following relations to ITS 1.0 [ITS 1.0] :

- It adopts and maintains the following principles from ITS 1.0:

  - It adopts the use of data categories to define discrete units of functionality

  - It adopts the separation of data category definition from the mapping of the data category to a given content format

  - It adopts the conformance principle of ITS1.0 that an implementation only needs to implement one data category to claim conformance to ITS 2.0

- ITS 2.0 supports all ITS 1.0 data category definitions and adds new definitions, with the exceptions of Directionality and Ruby.

- ITS 2.0 adds a number of new data categories not found in ITS 1.0.

- While ITS 1.0 addressed only XML, ITS 2.0 specifies implementations of data categories in both XML and HTML.

#### 1.1.2 Ruby and ITS 2.0

ITS 1.0 provided the Ruby data category .ITS 2.0 does not provide ruby since at the time of writing, a stable model for ruby was not available. There are ongoing discussions about the ruby model in HTML5 .Once these discussions are settled, in a subsequent version of ITS, the ruby data category may be re-introduced.

#### 1.1.2 1.1.3 New Principles

ITS 2.0 also adds the following principles and features not found in ITS 1.0:

- ITS 2.0 data categories are intended to be format neutral, with support for XML, HTML, and NIF: a data category implementation only needs to support a single content format mapping in order to support a claim of ITS 2.0 conformance.

- ITS 2.0 provides algorithms to generate NIF out of HTML or XML with ITS 2.0 metadata.

- A global implementation of ITS 2.0 requires at least the XPath version 1.0 . Other versions of XPath or other query languages (e.g., CSS Selectors) can be expressed via a dedicated queryLanguage attribute.

The new data categories included in ITS 2.0 are:

- Domain

- Text Analysis

- Locale Filter

- Provenance

- External Resource

- Target Pointer

- Id Value

- Preserve Space

- Localization Quality Issue

- Localization Quality Rating

- MT Confidence

- Allowed Characters

- Storage Size

### 1.2 Motivation for ITS

Content or software that is authored in one language (the source language ) is often made available in additional languages or adapted with regard to other cultural aspects. This is done through a process called localization , where the original material is translated and adapted to the target audience.

In addition, document formats expressed by schemas may be used by people in different parts of the world, and these people may need special markup to support the local language or script. For example, people authoring in languages such as Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, or Urdu need special markup to specify directionality in mixed direction text.

From the viewpoints of feasibility, cost, and efficiency, it is important that the original material should be suitable for localization. This is achieved by appropriate design and development, and the corresponding process is referred to as internationalization. For a detailed explanation of the terms â€œlocalizationâ€ and â€œinternationalizationâ€, see [l10n i18n] .

[Ed. note: Note: This should refer to the best practice document as well, when ready.]

The increasing usage of XML as a medium for documentation-related content (e.g. DocBook > and DITA as formats for writing structured documentation, well suited to computer hardware and software manuals) and software-related content (e.g. the eXtensible User Interface Language [XUL] ) creates challenges and opportunities in the domain of XML internationalization and localization.

#### 1.2.1 Typical Problems

The following examples sketch one of the issues that currently hinder efficient XML-related localization: the lack of a standard, declarative mechanism that identifies which parts of an XML document need to be translated. Tools often cannot automatically perform this identification.

Example 1: Document 1: Document with partially translatable content

In this document it is difficult to distinguish between those `string` elements that are translatable and those that are not. Only the addition of an explicit flag could resolve the issue. explicit flag could resolve the issue.

    "color: #000096"><resources>

    "color: #000096"><section id="Homepage">

    "color: #000096"><arguments>

    "color: #000096"><string>page</string>

    "color: #000096"><string>childlist</string>

    "color: #000096"></arguments>

    "color: #000096"><variables>

    "color: #000096"><string>POLICY</string>

    "color: #000096"><string>Corporate Policy</string>

    "color: #000096"></variables>

    "color: #000096"><keyvalue_pairs>

    "color: #000096"><string>Page</string>

    "color: #000096"><string>ABC Corporation - Policy Repository</string>

    "color: #000096"><string>Footer_Last</string>

    "color: #000096"><string>Pages</string>

    "color: #000096"><string>bgColor</string>

    "color: #000096"><string>NavajoWhite</string>

    "color: #000096"><string>title</string>

    "color: #000096"><string>List of Available Policies</string>

    "color: #000096"></keyvalue_pairs>

    "color: #000096"></section>

    "color: #000096"></resources>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-motivation-its-1.xml ]

Example 2: Document 2: Document with partially translatable content

Even when metadata are available to identify non-translatable text, the conditions may be quite complex and not directly indicated with a simple flag. Here, for instance, only the text in the nodes matching the expression `//component[@type!='image']/data[@type='text']` is translatable.

    "color: #000096"><dialogue xml:lang="en-gb">

    "color: #000096"><rsrc id="123">

    "color: #000096"><component id="456" type="image">

    "color: #000096"><data type="text">images/cancel.gif</data>

    "color: #000096"><data type="position">12,20</data>

    "color: #000096"></component>

    "color: #000096"><component id="789" type="caption">

    "color: #000096"><data type="text">Cancel</data>

    "color: #000096"><data type="position">60,40</data>

    "color: #000096"></component>

    "color: #000096"><component id="792" type="string">

    "color: #000096"><data type="text">Number of files: </data>

    "color: #000096"></component>

    "color: #000096"></rsrc>

    "color: #000096"></dialogue>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-motivation-its-2.xml ]

### 1.3 Users and Usages of ITS

#### 1.3.1 Potential Users of ITS

The ITS specification aims to provide different types of users with information about what markup should be supported to enable worldwide use and effective internationalization and localization of content. The following paragraphs sketch these different types of users, and their usage of ITS. In order to support all of these users, the information about what markup should be supported to enable worldwide use and effective localization of content is provided in this specification in two ways:

- abstractly in the data category descriptions: Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories

- concretely in the ITS schemas: Appendix D: Schemas D: Schemas for ITS

##### 1.3.1.1 Schema developers starting a schema from the ground up

This type of user will find proposals for attribute and element names to be included in their new schema (also called "host vocabulary"). Using the attribute and element names proposed in the ITS specification may be helpful because it leads to easier recognition of the concepts represented by both schema users and processors. It is perfectly possible, however, for a schema developer to develop his own set of attribute and element names. The specification sets out, first and foremost, to ensure that the required markup is available, and that the behavior of that markup meets established needs.

##### 1.3.1.2 Schema developers working with an existing schema

This type of user will be working with schemas such as DocBook, DITA, or perhaps a proprietary schema. The ITS Working Group has sought input from experts developing widely used formats such as the ones mentioned.

Note:

The question "How to use ITS with existing popular markup schemes?" is covered in more details (including examples) in a separate document: [XML i18n BP] .

Developers working on existing schemas should check whether their schemas support the markup proposed in this specification, and, where appropriate, add the markup proposed here to their schema.

In some cases, an existing schema may already contain markup equivalent to that recommended in ITS. In this case it is not necessary to add duplicate markup since ITS provides mechanisms for associating ITS markup with markup in the host vocabulary which serves a similar purpose (see Section 5.6: Associating 5.6: Associating ITS Data Categories with Existing Markup ). The developer should, however, check that the behavior associated with the markup in their own schema is fully compatible with the expectations described in this specification.

##### 1.3.1.3 Vendors of content-related tools

This type of user includes companies which provide tools for authoring, translation or other flavors of content-related software solutions. It is important to ensure that such tools enable worldwide use and effective localization of content. For example, translation tools should prevent content marked up as not for translation from being changed or translated. It is hoped that the ITS specification will make the job of vendors easier by standardizing the format and processing expectations of certain relevant markup items, and allowing them to more effectively identify how content should be handled.

##### 1.3.1.4 Content producers

This type of user comprises authors, translators and other types of content author. The markup proposed in this specification may be used by them to mark up specific bits of content. Aside: The burden of inserting markup can be removed from content producers by relating the ITS information to relevant bits of content in a global manner (see global, rule-based approach ). This global work, however, may fall to information architects, rather than the content producers themselves.

Content producers often work with content management systems (CMS). In various CMS, some of the CMS fields only allow to store plain text. For these fields, the current ITS 2.0 data categories can only be applied globally and not with local attributes. This issue should be addressed in another way, apart from the ITS 2.0 standard. One way would be to allow HTML in these fields if possible, or using an extra field which allows HTML input and save the plain text of this extra field in the plain text field.

##### 1.3.1.5 Machine Translation Systems

This type of service is intended for a broad user community ranging from developers and integrators through translation companies and agencies, freelance translators and post-editors to ordinary translation consumers and other types of MT employment. Data categories are envisaged for supporting and guiding the different automated backend processes of this service type, thereby adding substantial value to the service results as well as possible subsequent services. These processes include basic tasks, like parsing constraints and markup, and compositional tasks, such as disambiguation. These tasks consume and generate valuable metadata from and for third party users, for example, provenance information and quality scoring, and add relevant information for follow-on tasks, processes and services, such as MT post-editing, MT training and MT terminological enhancement.

##### 1.3.1.6 Text Analytics

This type of service provides automatically generated metadata for improving localization, data integration or knowledge management workflows. This class of users comprises of developers and integrators of services that automate language technology tasks such as domain classification, named entity recognition and disambiguation, term extraction, language identification and others. Text analytics services generate data that contextualizes the raw content with more explicit information. This can be used to improve the output quality in machine translation systems, search result relevance in information retrieval systems, as well as management and integration of unstructured data in knowledge management systems.

##### 1.3.1.7 Localization Workflow Managers

These types of users are concerned with localization workflows in which content goes through certain steps: preparation for localization, start of the localization process by e.g. a conversion into a bitext (aligned parallel text) format like [XLIFF] , the actual localization by human translators or machine translation and other adaptations of content, and finally the integration of the localized content into the original format. That format is often based on XML or HTML; (Web) content management systems are widely used for content creation, and their integration with localization workflows is an important task for the workflow manager. For the integration of content creation and localization, metadata plays a crucial role. E.g. an ITS data category like translate can trigger the extraction of localizable text. " Metadata roundtripping ", that is the availibility of metadata both before and after the localization process is crucial for many tasks of the localization workflow manager. An example is metadata based quality control, with checks like " Have all pieces of content set to `translate="no"` been left unchanged? ". Other pieces of metadata are relevant for proper internationalization during the localization workflow, e.g. the availibility of Directionality markup for adequate visualization of bidirectional text.

#### 1.3.2 Ways to Use ITS

The ITS specification proposes several mechanisms for supporting worldwide use and effective internationalization and localization of content. We will sketch them below by looking at them from the perspectives of certain user types. For the purpose of illustration, we will demonstrate how ITS can indicate that certain parts of content should or should not be translated.

- A content author uses an attribute on a particular element to say that the text in the element should not be translated.

Example 3: Use 3: Use of ITS by content author

The `its:translate="no"` attributes indicate that the `path` and the directory. Then from there, run batch file and the `cmd` elements should not be translated.

    "color: #000096"><help xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><title>Building the Zebulon Toolkit</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>To re-compile all the modules of the Zebulon toolkit you need to go in the <path

    "color: #F5844C">its:translate="no">\Zebulon\Current Source\binary</path> directory. Then from there, run
          batch file <cmd its:translate="no">Build.bat</cmd>.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></help>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-ways-to-use-its-1.xml ]

- A content author or information architect uses markup at the top of the document to identify a particular type of element or context in which the content should not be translated.

Example 4: Use 4: Use of ITS by information architect

The `translateRule` element is used in the header of the document to indicate that none of the `path` or `cmd` elements should be translated. To re-compile all the modules of the Zebulon toolkit you need to go in the directory. Then from there, run batch file translated.

    "color: #000096"><help xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><title>Building the Zebulon Toolkit</title>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//path | //cmd" translate="no"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>To re-compile all the modules of the Zebulon toolkit you need to go in the

    "color: #000096"><path>\Zebulon\Current Source\binary</path> directory. Then from there, run batch file

    "color: #000096"><cmd>Build.bat</cmd>.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></help>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-ways-to-use-its-2.xml ]

- A processor may insert markup at the top of the document which links to ITS information outside of the document.

Example 5: Use 5: Use of ITS by processor

A `rules` element is inserted in the header of the document. It has a XLink To re-compile all the modules of the Zebulon toolkit you need to go in the directory. Then from there, run batch file `href` attribute used to link to an ITS external rule document.

    "color: #000096"><help xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><title>Building the Zebulon Toolkit</title>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"

    "color: #F5844C">xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="EX-ways-to-use-its-4.xml"/>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>To re-compile all the modules of the Zebulon toolkit you need to go in the

    "color: #000096"><path>\Zebulon\Current Source\binary</path> directory. Then from there, run batch file

    "color: #000096"><cmd>Build.bat</cmd>.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></help>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-ways-to-use-its-3.xml ]

Example 6: ITS 6: ITS rule file shared by different documents

The `rules` element contains several ITS rules that are common to different documents. One of them is a `translateRule` element that indicates that no `path` or `cmd` element should be translated.

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//path | //cmd" translate="no"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-ways-to-use-its-4.xml ]

- A schema developer integrates ITS markup declarations in his schema to allow users to indicate that specific parts of the content should not be translated.

[Ed. note: Following schema example has to updated once we have final XSD schema for ITS 2.0]
Example 7: An 7: An XSD schema with ITS declaration

The declarations for the `translate` attribute is added to a group of common attributes </xs:schema> group of common attributes `commonAtts` .This allows to use the `translate` attribute within the documents like in Example 3 .

    "color: #000096"><xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"

    "color: #F5844C">elementFormDefault="qualified">

    "color: #000096"><xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" schemaLocation="its.xsd"/>

    "color: #000096"><xs:attributeGroup name="commonAtts">

    "color: #000096"><xs:attributeGroup ref="its:att.local.with-ns.attribute.translate"/>

    "color: #000096"><xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:ID" use="optional"/>

    "color: #000096"></xs:attributeGroup>

    "color: #000096"><xs:element name="help">

    "color: #000096"><xs:complexType>

    "color: #000096"><xs:sequence>

    "color: #000096"><xs:element name="head">

    "color: #000096"><xs:complexType>

    "color: #000096"><xs:sequence>

    "color: #000096"><xs:element name="title" type="xs:string"/>

    "color: #000096"></xs:sequence>

    "color: #000096"><xs:attributeGroup ref="commonAtts"/>

    "color: #000096"></xs:complexType>

    "color: #000096"></xs:element>

    "color: #000096"><xs:element name="body">

    "color: #000096"><xs:complexType>

    "color: #000096"><xs:choice minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded">

    "color: #000096"><xs:element name="p">

    "color: #000096"><xs:complexType mixed="true">

    "color: #000096"><xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">

    "color: #000096"><xs:element ref="path"/>

    "color: #000096"><xs:element ref="cmd"/>

    "color: #000096"></xs:choice>

    "color: #000096"><xs:attributeGroup ref="commonAtts"/>

    "color: #000096"></xs:complexType>

    "color: #000096"></xs:element>

    "color: #000096"></xs:choice>

    "color: #000096"></xs:complexType>

    "color: #000096"></xs:element>

    "color: #000096"></xs:sequence>

    "color: #000096"><xs:attributeGroup ref="its:att.version.attribute.version"/>

    "color: #000096"></xs:complexType>

    "color: #000096"></xs:element>

    "color: #000096"><xs:element name="path">

    "color: #000096"><xs:complexType mixed="true">

    "color: #000096"><xs:attributeGroup ref="commonAtts"/>

    "color: #000096"></xs:complexType>

    "color: #000096"></xs:element>

    "color: #000096"><xs:element name="cmd">

    "color: #000096"><xs:complexType mixed="true">

    "color: #000096"><xs:attributeGroup ref="commonAtts"/>

    "color: #000096"></xs:complexType>

    "color: #000096"></xs:element>

    "color: #000096"></xs:schema>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-ways-to-use-its-5.xsd ]

The first two approaches above can be likened to the use of CSS in [XHTML 1.0] . Using a `style` attribute, an XHTML content author may assign a color to a particular paragraph. That author could also have used the `style` element at the top of the page to say that all paragraphs of a particular class or in a particular context would be colored red.

### 1.4 Usage in HTML

For applying ITS 2.0 adds support for usage in HTML. In data categories to HTML, ITS four aspects must be considered:

1. referencing global rules

2. specifities of inserting local selection is realized via dedicated, ITS 2.0 data category specific attributes . categories

   [Ed. note: Add example of

3. relationship between HTML with local attributes for illustration purposes] markup and data categories, and

4. HTML version.

In the following sections these aspects are briefly discussed.

#### 1.4.1 Referencing global rules

For To account for the so-called â€œ global approach â€ in HTML, this specification (see Section 6.2: Global rules ) defines a link type for referring to external files with global rules and an approach to have inline global rules in Section 6.2: Global the HTML `script` element. It is preferred to use external global rules . linked via the `link` element than to have inline global rules in the HTML document.

Example 8: Using 8: Using ITS global rules in HTML

The `link` element points to the rules file `EX-translateRule-html5-1.xml` The `rel` attribute identifies the ITS specific link relation the ITS specific link relation `its-rules` .

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    <html>

         element should not be translated.

      "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>Translate flag global rules example</title>

    "color: #000096"><link href=EX-translateRule-html5-1.xml rel=its-rules>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>This sentence should be translated, but code names like the <code>span</code> element should not be translated.

          Of course there are always exceptions: certain code values should be translated,
          e.g. to a value in your language like

    </html>

          e.g. to a value in your language like <code translate=yes>warning</code>.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-translate-html5-global-1.html ]

Example 9: ITS 9: ITS rules file linked from HTML

The rules file linked in Example 8 .

    <its:rules
    version
    =
    "2.0"
    xmlns:its
    =
    "http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"
    xmlns:h
    =
    "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
    >
    <its:translateRule
    translate
    =
    "no"
    selector
    =
    "//h:code"
    />
    </its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"

    "color: #F5844C">xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule translate="no" selector="//h:code"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-translateRule-html5-1.xml ]

#### 1.4.2 Specifities of inserting local ITS 2.0 data categories

In HTML, an ITS 2.0 local data category is realized with the specific prefix `its-*` .The general mapping of the XML based ITS 2.0 attributes to their HTML `its-*` counterparts is defined in Section 6.1: Mapping of Local Data Categories to HTML .An informative table in Appendix G: List of ITS 2.0 Global Elements and Local Attributes provides an overview of the mapping for all data categories.

#### 1.4.1 Support 1.4.3 Relation between HTML markup and ITS 2.0 data categories

There are four ITS 2.0 data categories, which have direct counterparts in HTML markup. For theses data categories, ITS 2.0 defines the following specific behaviour:

- The Language Information data category has the HTML `lang` attribute counterpart; in XHTML this is the `xml:lang` attribute. These attributes act as local markup for legacy the Language Information data category in HTML and take precedence over language information conveyed via a global `langRule` .

- The Id Value data category has the HTML or XHTML `id` attribute. This attribute acts as local markup for the Id Value data category in HTML and take precedence over id information conveyed via a global `idValueRule` .

- The Elements within Text data category has a set of HTML elements defined as phrasing content .In the absence of an Elements within Text local attribute or global rules selecting the element in question, these elements are always interpreted as `withinText="yes"` by default.

- The Translate data category has a direct counterpart in [HTML5] ,namely the HTML5 `translate` attribute. ITS 2.0 does not define its own behaviour for HTML5 `translate` ,but just refers to the HTML5 definition .

Example 10: The Language Information ,Id Value ,Elements within Text and Translate ITS 2.0 data categories used with HTML native markup.

The `html` element is interpreted to convey the Language Information value "en". The `p` element is interpreted to convey the Id Value of "p1". The `em` element is interpreted to be `withinText="yes"` .The `img` element is set to be translatable via an [HTML5] `translate` attribute. Here the `alt` attribute will also be translatable.

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    "color: #000096"><html lang=en>

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>HTML native markup expressing three ITS 2.0 data categories</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p id="p1" translate="yes">This is a <em>motherboard</em> and image:

    "color: #000096"><img src="http://example.com/myimg.png" alt="My image"/>.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-its-and-existing-HTML5-markup.html ]

There are also some HTML markup elements that have similar, but not always identical, roles and behaviour than certain ITS 2.0 data categories. For example, the HTML `dfn` element could be used to identify a term in the sense of the Terminology data category. However, this is not always the case and it depends on the intentions of the content author. To accomodate this situation, users of ITS 2.0 are encouraged to specifiy the association of existing HTML markup with a dedicated global rules file. For an example rules file see the XML I18N Best Practices document.

#### 1.4.4 Standoff Markup in HTML5

The Provenance and the Localization Quality Issue data categories allow for using standoff markup. In HTML such standoff markup is put into a `script` element. The constraints for Provenance standoff markup in HTML and Localization quality issue markup in HTML need to be taken into account. Examples of standoff markup in HTML for the two data categories are Example 65 and Example 80 .

#### 1.4.5 Version of HTML

ITS 2.0 does not define how to use ITS in HTML versions prior version 5. Users are encouraged to migrate their content to HTML5 or XHTML. While it is possible to use `its-*` attributes introduced for HTML5 [HTML5] in older versions of HTML (such as 3.2 or 4.01) and pages using these attributes will work without any problems, `its-*` attributes will be marked as invalid in validators.

### 1.5 ITS and XLIFF

ITS 2.0 has no normative dependency on [XLIFF] (XML Interchange File format). Nevertheless, important usage scenarios for ITS 2.0 are 1) XLIFF generation with e.g. HTML as an input file containing ITS 2.0 metadata, and 2) Direct representation of ITS 2.0 data categories within XLIFF files. See [MLW US IMPL] for more information on these and other usage scenarios for ITS 2.0. For both scenarios, a non-normative definition of how to represent ITS 2.0 data categories in XLIFF 1.2 or XLIFF 2.0 is being defined within the Internationalization Tag Set Interest Group .Readers of this specification are encouraged to evaluate whether that mapping fulfills their needs and to provide comments in the ITS IG mailing list (public archive) .

### 1.6 Out of Scope

The definition of what a localization process or localization parameters must address is outside the scope of this standard and it does not address all of the mechanisms or data formats (sometimes called localization project parameters) that may be needed to configure localization workflows or process specific formats. However, it does define standard data categories that may be used in defining localization workflows or processing specific formats.

Note:

â€œ XML localization project parameters â€ is a generic term to name the mechanisms and data formats that allow localization tools to be configured in order to process a specific XML format. Examples of XML localization project parameters are the Trados â€œDTD Settingsâ€ file, and the SDLX â€œAnalysisâ€ file.

### 1.6 1.7 Important Design Principles

Abstraction via data categories : ITS defines data categories as an abstract notion for information needed for the internationalization and localization of XML documents and HTML documents. This abstraction is helpful in realizing independence from any one particular implementation (e.g., as an element or attribute). (See Section 3.2: Data 3.2: Data category for a definition of the term data categories, Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories for the definition of the various ITS data categories, and subsections in Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories for the data category implementations.)

Powerful selection mechanism: For ITS markup that appears in an XML instance, the XML nodes to which the ITS-related information pertains must be clearly defined. Thus, ITS defines selection mechanisms to specify to what parts of an XML document an ITS data category and its values should be applied. Selection relies on the information which is given in the XML Information Set [XML Infoset] . ITS applications may implement inclusion mechanisms such as XInclude or DITA's [DITA 1.0] conref.

Content authors, for example, need a simple way to work with the Translate data category in order to express whether the content of an element or attribute should be translated or not. Localization managers, on the other hand, need an efficient way to manage translations of large document sets based on the same schema. These needs could by realized by a specification of defaults for the Translate data category along with exceptions to those defaults (e.g. all `p` elements should be translated, but not `p` elements inside of an `index` element).

To meet these requirements this specification introduces mechanisms that add ITS information to XML documents, see Section 5: Processing 5: Processing of ITS information . These mechanisms also provide a means for specifying ITS information for attributes (a task for which no standard means previously existed).

The ITS selection mechanisms allows you to provide information about content locally (specified at the XML or HTML element to which it pertains) or globally (specified in another part of the document). Global selection mechanisms can be in the same document, or in a separate file.

No dedicated extensibility : It may be useful or necessary to extend the set of information available for internationalization or localization purposes beyond what is provided by ITS. This specification does not define a dedicated extension mechanism, since ordinary XML mechanisms (e.g. XML Namespaces [XML Names] ) may be used.

Ease of integration :

- ITS follows the example from section 4 of [XLink 1.1] , by providing mostly global attributes for the implementation of ITS data categories. Avoiding elements for ITS purposes as much as possible ensures ease of integration into existing markup schemes, see section 3.14 in [ITS REQ] .

- ITS has no dependency on technologies which are still under development.

- ITS fits with existing work in the W3C architecture (e.g. use of [XPath 1.0] for the selection mechanism and use of IRI's [RFC 3987] as references to relevant external resources).

### 1.8 ITS 2.0 and Unicode Normalization

As a general guidance, implementations of ITS 2.0 should use a normalizing transcoder .Further information on the topic of Unicode normalization is provided by [Charmod Norm] .

## 2 Basic Concepts

This section is informative.

### 2.1 Selection

Information (e.g. "translate this") captured by ITS markup (e.g. `its:translate='yes'` ) always pertains to one or more XML or HTML nodes, primarily element and attribute nodes, as defined in [XPath 1.0] . In a sense, ITS markup â€œselectsâ€ the relevant node(s). Selection may be explicit or implicit. ITS distinguishes two approaches to selection: (1) local, and (2) using global rules.

The mechanisms defined for ITS selection resemble those defined in [CSS 2.1] . The local approach can be compared to the `style` attribute in HTML/XHTML, and the approach with global rules is similar to the `style` element in HTML/XHTML. ITS usually uses XPath for identifying nodes although CSS Selectors and other query languages can be used if supported by the application. Thus,

- the local approach puts ITS markup in the relevant element of the host vocabulary (e.g. the `author` element in DocBook)

- the rule-based, global approach puts the ITS markup in elements defined by ITS itself (namely the `rules` element)

ITS markup can be used with XML documents (e.g. a DocBook article), or schemas (e.g. an XML Schema document for a proprietary document format).

The following two examples sketch the distinction between the local and global approaches, using the `translate` as one example of ITS markup.

#### 2.1.1 Local Approach

The document in Example 10 11 shows how a content author may use the ITS `translate` attribute to indicate that all content inside the `author` element should be protected from translation. Translation tools that are aware of the meaning of this attribute can then screen the relevant content from the translation process. then screen the relevant content from the translation process.

Example 11: ITS markup on elements in an XML document (local approach)

    "color: #000096"><article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns /docbook"

    "color: #F5844C">xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"

    "color: #F5844C">its:version="2.0" version="5.0" xml:lang="en">

    "color: #000096"><info>

    "color: #000096"><title>An example article</title>

    "color: #000096"><author its:translate="no">

    "color: #000096"><personname>

    "color: #000096"><firstname>John</firstname>

    "color: #000096"><surname>Doe</surname>

    "color: #000096"></personname>

    "color: #000096"><affiliation>

    "color: #000096"><address><email>foo@example.com</email></address>

    "color: #000096"></affiliation>

    "color: #000096"></author>

    "color: #000096"></info>

    "color: #000096"><para>This is a short article.</para>

    "color: #000096"></article>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-basic-concepts-1.xml ]

For this example to work, the schema developer will need to add the `translate` attribute to the schema as a common attribute or on all the relevant element definitions. Note how there is an expectation in this case that inheritance plays a part in identifying which content does have to be translated and which does not. Tools that process this content for translation will need to implement the expected inheritance.

The local approach cannot be applied on a particular attribute. It can be applied for the content of the current element and all its inherited nodes as described in Section 8.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance and Overriding of Data Categories .

#### 2.1.2 Global Approach

The document in Example 11 12 shows a different approach to identifying non-translatable content, similar to that used with a `style` element in [XHTML 1.0] , but using an ITS-defined element called `rules` . It works as follows: A document can contain a `rules` element (placed where it does not impact the structure of the document, e.g., in a â€œheadâ€ section). It contains one or more ITS rule elements (for example `translateRule` ). Each of these specific elements contains a `selector` attribute. As its name suggests, this attribute selects the node or nodes to which a corresponding ITS information pertains. The values of ITS selector attributes are XPath absolute location paths (or CSS Selectors if queryLanguage is set to "css"). Information for the handling of namespaces in these path expressions is taken from namespace declarations as an abstract concept for a particular type of information for internationalization and localization of XML schemas and documents. [XML Names] at the current rule element.

Example 12: ITS global markup in an XML document (rule-based approach)

    "color: #000096"><myTopic xmlns="http://mynsuri.example.com" id="topic01" xml:lang="en-us">

    "color: #000096"><prolog>

    "color: #000096"><title>Using ITS</title>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//n:term" translate="no" xmlns:n="http://mynsuri.example.com"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"></prolog>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>ITS defines <term>data category</term> as an abstract concept for a particular type of
          information for internationalization and localization of XML schemas and documents.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></myTopic>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-basic-concepts-2.xml ]

For this approach to work, the schema developer needs to add the `rules` element and associated markup to the schema. In some cases global rules may be sufficient to allow the schema developer to avoid adding other ITS markup (such as an `translate` attribute) to the elements and attributes in the schema. However, it is likely that authors will want to use attributes on markup from time to time to override the general rule.

For specification of the Translate data category information, the contents of the `rules` element would normally be designed by an information architect familiar with the document format and familiar with, or working with someone familiar with, the needs of the localization group.

The global, rule-based approach has the following benefits:

- Content authors do not have to concern themselves with creating additional markup or verifying that the markup was applied correctly. ITS data categories are associated with sets of nodes (for example all `p` elements in an XML instance)

- Changes can be made in a single location, rather than by searching and modifying local markup throughout a document (or documents, if the `rules` element is stored as an external entity)

- ITS data categories can designate attribute values as well as elements.

- It is possible to associate ITS markup with existing markup (for example the `term` element in DITA)

The commonality in both examples above is the markup `translate='no'` . This piece of ITS markup can be interpreted as follows:

- it pertains to the Translate data category

- the attribute `translate` holds a value of "no"

The ITS `selector` attribute allows:

- ITS data category attributes to appear in global rules (even outside of an XML document or schema)

- ITS data categories attributes to pertain to sets of XML nodes (for example all `p` elements in an XML document)

- ITS markup to pertain to attributes

- ITS markup to associate with existing markup (for example the `term` element in DITA)

### 2.2 Overriding and Inheritance

The power of the ITS selection mechanisms comes at a price: rules related to overriding/precedence , and inheritance , have to be established.

The document in Example 12 13 shows how inheritance and overriding work for the Translate data category. By default elements are translatable. Here, the `translateRule` element declared in the header overrides the default for the `head` element inside `text` and for all its children. Because the `title` element is actually translatable, the global rule needs to be overridden by a local `its:translate="yes"` . Note that the global rule is processed first, regardless of its position inside the document. In the main body of the document, the default applies, and here it is `its:translate="no"` that is used to set â€œfaux pasâ€ as non-translatable. to start a dissertation on the origin of modern novel without mentioning the Epic of Gilgamesh â€œfaux pasâ€ as non-translatable.

Example 13: Overriding and Inheritance

    "color: #000096"><text xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><revision>Sep-10-2006 v5</revision>

    "color: #000096"><author>Ealasaidh McIan</author>

    "color: #000096"><contact>ealasaidh@hogw.ac.uk</contact>

    "color: #000096"><title its:translate="yes">The Origins of Modern Novel</title>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule translate="no" selector="/text/head"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><div xml:id="intro">

    "color: #000096"><head>Introduction</head>

    "color: #000096"><p>It would certainly be quite a <span its:translate="no">faux pas</span> to start a
            dissertation on the origin of modern novel without mentioning the <tl>Epic of
            Gilgamesh</tl>...</p>

    "color: #000096"></div>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></text>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-basic-concepts-3.xml ]

### 2.3 Adding Information or Pointing to Existing Information

For some data categories, special attributes add or point to information about the selected nodes. For example, the Localization Note data category can add information to selected nodes (using a `locNote` element), or point to existing information elsewhere in the document (using a `locNotePointer` attribute).

The data category overview table , in Section 8.1: Position, 8.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance and Overriding of Data Categories , provides an overview of what data categories allow to point to existing information or to add information.

The functionalities of adding information and pointing to existing information are mutually exclusive . That is to say, attributes for pointing and adding the same information must not appear at the same rule element.

## 3 Notation and Terminology

This section is normative.

### 3.1 Notation

The keywords â€œMUSTâ€, â€œMUST NOTâ€, â€œREQUIREDâ€, â€œSHALLâ€, â€œSHALL NOTâ€, â€œSHOULDâ€, â€œSHOULD NOTâ€, â€œRECOMMENDEDâ€, â€œMAYâ€, and â€œOPTIONALâ€ in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119] .

The namespace URI that MUST be used by implementations of this specification is:

    http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its

The namespace prefix used in this specification for XML implementations of ITS for the above URI is "its". It is recommended that XML implementations of this specification use this prefix, unless there is existing dedicated markup in use for a given data category. In HTML there is no namespace prefix: "its-" is used to indicate ITS 2.0 attributes in HTML documents. See Section 6.1: Mapping 6.1: Mapping of Local Data Categories to HTML for details.

In addition, the following namespaces are used in this document:

- `http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema` for the XML Schema namespace, here used with the prefix â€œxsâ€

- `http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink` for the XLink namespace, here used with the prefix â€œxlinkâ€

- `http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml` for the HTML namespace, here used with the prefix â€œhâ€

### 3.2 Data category

[ Definition : ITS defines data category as an abstract concept for a particular type of information for internationalization and localization of XML schemas and documents.] The concept of a data category is independent of its implementation in an XML and HTML environment (e.g. using an element or attribute).

For each data category, ITS distinguishes between the following:

- the prose description, see Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories

- schema language independent formalization, see the "implementation" subsections in Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories

- schema language specific implementations, see Appendix D: Schemas D: Schemas for ITS

Example 13: A 14: A data category and its implementation

The Translate data category conveys information as to whether a piece of content should be translated or not.

The simplest formalization of this prose description on a schema language independent level is a `translate` attribute with two possible values: "yes" and "no". An implementation on a schema language specific level would be the declaration of the `translate` attribute in, for example, an XML Schema document or an RELAX NG document. A different implementation would be a `translateRule` element that allows for specifying global rules about the Translate data category.

### 3.3 Selection

[ Definition : selection encompasses mechanisms to specify to what parts of an XML or HTML document an ITS data category and its values should be applied to.] Selection is discussed in detail in Section 5: Processing 5: Processing of ITS information . Selection can be applied globally, see Section 5.2.1: Global, 5.2.1: Global, Rule-based Selection , and locally, see Section 5.2.2: Local 5.2.2: Local Selection in an XML Document . As for global selection, ITS information can be added to the selected nodes, or it can point to existing information which is related to selected nodes.

Note:

The selection of the ITS data categories applies to textual values contained within element or attribute nodes. In some cases these nodes form pointers to other resources; a well-known example is the `src` attribute on the `img` element in HTML. The ITS Translate data category applies to the text of the pointer itself, not the object to which it points. Thus in the following example, the translation information specified via the `translateRule` element applies to the filename "instructions.jpg", and is not an instruction to open the graphic and change the words therein. graphic and change the words therein.

Example 15: Selecting the text of a pointer to an external object

    <text>
    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0"

    "color: #F5844C">xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule translate="yes" selector="//p/img/@src"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

      ...
      As you can see in

      "color: #000096"><p xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">As you can see in

    "color: #000096"><img src="instructions.jpg"/>, the truth is not always out there.</p>

    "color: #000096"></text>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-notation-terminology-1.xml ]

### 3.4 ITS Local Attributes

[ Definition : ITS Local Attributes are all attributes defined in Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories as a local markup.]

### 3.5 Rule Elements

[ Definition : Rule Elements are all elements defined in Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories as elements for global rules.]

### 3.6 Usage of Internationalized Resource Identifiers in ITS

All attributes that have the type `anyURI` in the normative RELAX NG schema in Appendix D: Schemas D: Schemas for ITS MUST allow the usage of Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs, [RFC 3987] or its successor) to ease the adoption of ITS in international application scenarios.

### 3.7 The Term HTML

This specification uses the term `HTML` to refer to HTML5 or its successor in HTML syntax [HTML5] .

### 3.8 The Term CSS Selectors

This specification uses the term `CSS Selectors` in the sense of `Selectors` as specifies in [Selectors Level 3] to prevent confusion with the generic use of the word "selector". [Selectors Level 3] .

## 4 Conformance

This section is normative.

The usage of the term conformance clause in this section is in compliance with [QAFRAMEWORK] .

This specification defines three types of conformance: conformance of 1) ITS markup declarations , conformance of 2) processing expectations for ITS Markup and conformance of 3) processing expectations for ITS Markup in HTML . Also special conformance class is defined for using ITS markup in HTML5 documents, HTML5+ITS, which serves as an applicable specification in the sense specified in the Extensibility section of [HTML5] . These conformance types and classes complement each other. An implementation of this specification MAY use them separately or together.

### 4.1 Conformance Type 1: ITS Markup Declarations

Description: ITS markup declarations encompass all declarations that are part of the Internationalization Tag Set. They do not concern the usage of the markup in XML documents. Such markup is subject to the conformance clauses in Section 4.2: Conformance 4.2: Conformance Type 2: The Processing Expectations for ITS Markup .

Definitions related to this conformance type: ITS markup declarations are defined in various subsections in in a schema language independent manner.

Who uses this conformance type: Schema designers integrating ITS markup declarations into a schema. All conformance clauses for this conformance type concern the position of ITS markup declarations in that schema, and their status as mandatory or optional.

Conformance clauses:

- 1-1: At least one of the following MUST be in the schema:

  - `rules` element

  - one of the local ITS attributes

  - `span` element

- 1-2: If the `rules` element is used, it MUST be part of the content model of at least one element declared in the schema. It SHOULD be in a content model for meta information, if this is available in that schema (e.g. the `head` element in [XHTML 1.0] ).

- 1-4: If the `span` element is used, it SHOULD be declared as an inline element.

Full implementations of this conformance type will implement all markup declarations for ITS. Statements related to this conformance type MUST list all markup declarations they implement.

Examples: Examples of the usage of ITS markup declarations in various existing schemas are given in a separate document [XML i18n BP] .

### 4.2 Conformance Type 2: The Processing Expectations for ITS Markup

Description: Processors need to compute the ITS information that pertains to a node in an XML document. The ITS processing expectations define how the computation has to be carried out. Correct computation involves support for selection mechanism , defaults / inheritance / overriding characteristics , and precedence . The markup MAY be valid against a schema which conforms to the clauses in Section 4.1: Conformance 4.1: Conformance Type 1: ITS Markup Declarations .

Definitions related to this conformance type: The processing expectations for ITS markup make use of selection mechanisms defined in Section 5: Processing 5: Processing of ITS information . The individual data categories defined in Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories have defaults / inheritance / overriding characteristics , and allow for using ITS markup in various positions ( global and local ).

Who uses this conformance type: Applications that need to process the nodes captured by a data category for internationalization or localization. Examples of this type of application are: ITS markup-aware editors, or translation tools that make use of ITS markup to filter translatable text as an input to the localization process.

Note:

Application-specific processing (that is processing that goes beyond the computation of ITS information for a node) such as automated filtering of translatable content based on the Translate data category is not covered by the conformance clauses below.

Conformance clauses:

- 2-1: A processor MUST implement at least one data category . For each implemented data category , the following MUST be taken into account:

  - 2-1-1: processing of at least one selection mechanism ( global or local ).

  - 2-1-2: the default selections for the data category .

  - 2-1-3: the precedence definitions for selections defined in Section 5.5: Precedence 5.5: Precedence between Selections , for the type of selections it processes.

- 2-2: If an application claims to process ITS markup for the global selection mechanism, it MUST process an XLink `href` attribute found on a `rules` elements.

- 2-3: If an application claims to process ITS markup implementing the conformance clauses 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3, it MUST process that markup with XML documents.

- 2-4: After processing ITS information on the basis of conformance clauses 2-1 and 2-2 , an application MAY convert an XML document to NIF, using the algorithm described in Section 5.7: Conversion 5.7: Conversion to NIF .

- 2-5: Non-ITS elements and attributes found in ITS elements MAY be ignored.

Note:

The conformance clause 2-4 essentially means that the conversion to NIF is an optional feature of ITS 2.0, and that the conversion is independent of whether ITS information has been made available via the global or local selection mechanisms, see conformance clause 2-1-1 .

Statements related to this conformance type MUST list all data categories they implement, and for each data category which type of selection they support, whether they support processing of XML. If the implementation provides the conversion to NIF (see conformance clause 2-4 ), this MUST be stated.

Note:

The above conformance clauses are directly reflected in the ITS 2.0 test suite . All tests specify which data category is processed (clause 2-1); they are relevant for (clause 2-1-1) global or local selection, or both; they require the processing of defaults and precedence of selections (clauses 2-1-2 and 2-1-3); for each data category there are tests with linked rules (2-2); and all types of tests are given for XML (clause 2-3). In addition, there are test cases for conversion to NIF (clause 2-4). Implementors are encouraged to organize their documentation in a similar way, so that users of ITS 2.0 easily can understand the processing capabilities available.

### 4.3 Conformance Type 3: Processing Expectations for ITS Markup in HTML

Description: Processors need to compute the ITS information that pertains to a node in a HTML document. The ITS processing expectations define how the computation has to be carried out. Correct computation involves support for selection mechanism , defaults / inheritance / overriding characteristics , and precedence .

Definitions related to this conformance type: The processing expectations for ITS markup make use of selection mechanisms defined in Section 5: Processing 5: Processing of ITS information . The individual data categories defined in Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories have defaults / inheritance / overriding characteristics , and allow for using ITS markup in various positions ( local , external global and inline global ).

Who uses this conformance type: Applications that need to process the nodes captured by a data category for internationalization or localization. Examples of this type of application are: ITS markup-aware editors, or translation tools that make use of ITS markup to filter translatable text as an input to the localization process.

Note:

Application-specific processing (that is processing that goes beyond the computation of ITS information for a node) such as automated filtering of translatable content based on the Translate data category is not covered by the conformance clauses below.

Conformance clauses:

- 3-1: A processor MUST implement at least one data category . For each implemented data category , the following MUST be taken into account:

  - 3-1-1: processing of at least one selection mechanism ( global or local ).

  - 3-1-2: the default selections for the data category .

  - 3-1-3: the precedence definitions for selections defined in Section 6.4: Precedence 6.4: Precedence between Selections , for the type of selections it processes.

- 3-2: If an application claims to process ITS markup for the global selection mechanism, it MUST process a `href` attribute found on a `link` elements which has a `rel` attribute with the value `its-rules` .

- 3-3: If an application claims to process ITS markup implementing the conformance clauses 3-1, 3-2 3-1 and 3-3, 3-2, it MUST process that markup within HTML documents.

Statements related to this conformance type MUST list all data categories they implement, and for each data category which type of selection they support.

### 4.4 Conformance Class for HTML5+ITS documents

Conforming HTML5+ITS documents are those that comply with all the conformance criteria for documents as defined in [HTML5] with the following exception:

- Global attributes which can be used on all HTML elements are extended by attributes for local data categories as defined in Section 6.1: Mapping 6.1: Mapping of Local Data Categories to HTML .

## 5 Processing of ITS information

This section is normative.

Note:

Additional definitions about processing of HTML are given in Section 6: Using 6: Using ITS Markup in HTML .

### 5.1 Indicating the Version of ITS

The version of the ITS schema defined in this specification is "2.0". The version is indicated by the ITS `version` attribute. This attribute is mandatory for the `rules` element, where it MUST be in no namespace.

If there is no `rules` element in an XML document, a prefixed ITS `version` attribute (e.g. `its:version` ) MUST be provided on the element where the ITS markup is used, or on one of its ancestors.

If there is no `rules` element and there are elements with standoff ITS markup in an XML document, an ITS `version` attribute MUST be provided on element with standoff ITS markup or a prefixed ITS `version` attribute (e.g. `its:version` ) MUST be provided on one of its ancestors.

There MUST NOT be two different versions of ITS in the same document.

External, linked rules can have different versions than internal rules.

### 5.2 Locations of Data Categories

ITS data categories can appear in two places:

- Global rules : the selection is realized within a `rules` element. It contains rule elements for each data category. Each rule element has a `selector` attribute and possibly other attributes. The `selector` attribute contains an absolute selector as defined in Section 5.3: Query 5.3: Query Language of Selectors .

- Locally in a document : the selection is realized using ITS local attributes, which are attached to an element node, or the `span` element. There is no additional `selector` attribute. The default selection for each data category defines whether the selection covers attributes and child elements. See Section 8.1: Position, 8.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance and Overriding of Data Categories .

The two locations are described in detail below.

#### 5.2.1 Global, Rule-based Selection

Global, rule-based selection is implemented using the `rules` element. It contains zero or more rule elements . Each rule element has a mandatory `selector` attribute. This attribute and all other possible attributes on rule elements are in the empty namespace and used without a prefix.

If there is more than one `rules` element in an XML document, the rules from each section are to be processed at the same precedence level. The `rules` sections are to be read in document order, and the ITS rules with them processed sequentially. The versions of these `rules` elements MUST NOT be different.

Depending on the data category and its usage, there are additional attributes for adding information to the selected nodes, or for pointing to existing information in the document. For example, the Localization Note data category can be used for adding notes to selected nodes, or for pointing to existing notes in the document. For the former purpose, a `locNote` element can be used. For the latter purpose, a `locNotePointer` attribute can be used.

The data category overview table , in Section 8.1: Position, 8.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance and Overriding of Data Categories , provides an overview of what data categories allow to point to existing information or to add information.

The functionalities of adding information and pointing to existing information are mutually exclusive . That is: markup for pointing and adding the same information MUST NOT appear in the same rule element.

Global rules can appear in the XML document they will be applied to, or in a separate XML document. The precedence of their processing depends on these variations. See also Section 5.5: Precedence 5.5: Precedence between Selections .

#### 5.2.2 Local Selection in an XML Document

Local selection in XML documents is realized with ITS local attributes or the `span` element. `span` serves just as a carrier for the local ITS attributes.

The data category determines what is being selected. The necessary data category specific defaults are described in Section 8.1: Position, 8.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance and Overriding of Data Categories .

Example 15: Defaults 16: Defaults for various data categories

By default the content of all elements in a document is translatable. The attribute `its:translate="no"` in the `head` element means that the content of this element, including child elements, should not be translated. The attribute `its:translate="yes"` in the `title` element means that the content of this element, should be translated (overriding the `its:translate="no"` in `head` ). Attribute values of the selected elements or their children are not affected by local `translate` attributes. By default they are not translatable.

The default directionality of a document is left-to-right. The `its:dir="rtl"` in the `quote` element means that the directionality of the content of this element, including child elements and attributes, is right-to-left. Note that `xml:lang` indicates only the language, not the directionality. means language, not the directionality.

    "color: #000096"><text xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0" xml:lang="en">

    "color: #000096"><head its:translate="no">

    "color: #000096"><author>Sven Corneliusson</author>

    "color: #000096"><date>2006-09-26T17:34:04Z</date>

    "color: #000096"><title its:translate="yes" role="header">Bidirectional Text</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><par>In Arabic, the title <quote xml:lang="ar" its:dir="rtl">Ù†Ø´Ø§Ø· Ø§Ù„ØªØ¯ÙˆÙŠÙ„ØŒ W3C</quote> means

    "color: #000096"><quote>Internationalization Activity, W3C</quote>.</par>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></text>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-selection-local-1.xml ]

Note:

The `dir` and `translate` attributes are not listed in the ITS attributes to be used in HTML. The reason is that these two attributes are available in HTML natively, so there is no need to provide them as `its-` attributes. The definition of the two attributes in HTML is compatibly, that is it provides the same values and interpretation, as the definition for the two data categories Translate and Directionality .

### 5.3 Query Language of Selectors

#### 5.3.1 Choosing Query Language

Rule elements have attributes which contain absolute and relative selectors. Interpretation of these selectors depends on the actual query language. The query language is set by `queryLanguage` attribute on `rules` element. If `queryLanguge` is not specified XPath 1.0 is used as a default query language.

#### 5.3.2 XPath 1.0

XPath 1.0 is identified by `xpath` value in `queryLanguage` attribute.

##### 5.3.2.1 Absolute selector

The absolute selector MUST be an XPath expression which starts with " `/` ". That is, it must be an AbsoluteLocationPath or union of AbsoluteLocationPath s as described in XPath 1.0 . This ensures that the selection is not relative to a specific location. The resulting nodes MUST be either element or attribute nodes.

Context for evaluation of the XPath expression is as follows:

- Context node is set to Root Node .

- Both context position and context size are 1.

- All variables defined by `param` elements are bind.

- All functions defined in the XPath Core Function Library are available. It is an error for an expression to include a call to any other function.

- The set of namespace declarations are those in scope on the element which has the attribute in which the expression occurs. This includes the implicit declaration of the prefix `xml` required by the XML Namespaces Recommendation ; the default namespace (as declared by `xmlns` ) is not part of this set.

Example 16: XPath 17: XPath expressions with namespaces

The `term` element from the TEI is in a namespace `http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0` .

    "color: silver"><!-- Definitions for TEI -->

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0"  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//tei:term" term="yes" xmlns:tei="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-selection-global-1.xml ]

Example 17: XPath 18: XPath expressions without namespaces

The `term` element from DocBook V4.5 is in no namespace.

    "color: silver"><!-- Definitions for DocBook -->

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//term" term="yes"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    <!--
    Definitions
    for
    DocBook
    -->
    <its:rules
    version
    =
    "2.0"
    xmlns:its
    =
    "http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"
    >
    <its:termRule
    selector
    =
    "//term"
    term
    =
    "yes"
    />
    </its:rules>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-selection-global-2.xml ]

##### 5.3.2.2 Relative selector

The relative selector MUST use a RelativeLocationPath or an AbsoluteLocationPath as described in XPath 1.0 . The XPath expression is evaluated relative to the nodes selected by the selector attribute.

The following attributes point to existing information: `allowedCharactersPointer` , `taClassRefPointer` , `taIdentPointer` , `taIdentRefPointer` , `taSourcePointer` , `domainPointer` , `externalResourceRefPointer` , `langPointer` , `locNotePointer` , `locNoteRefPointer` , `locQualityIssuesRefPointer` , `provenanceRecordsRefPointer` , `storageEncodingPointer` , `storageSizePointer` , `targetPointer` , `termInfoPointer` , `termInfoRefPointer` .

Context for evaluation of the XPath expression is same as for absolute selector with the following changes:

- Nodes selected by the expression in the `selector` attribute form the current node list.

- Context node comes from the current node list.

- The context position comes from the position of the current node in the current node list; the first position is 1.

- The context size comes from the size of the current node list.

#### 5.3.3 CSS Selectors

Note:

The term `CSS Selectors` is used throughout the specification in the sense of `Selectors` as specified in [Selectors Level 3] to prevent confusion with the generic use of the word "selector". See The term CSS Selector .

Note:

The working group will not provide a CSS Selectors based implementation; nevertheless there are several existing libraries, which can translate CSS Selectors to XPath, so that XPath selectors based implementations can be used.

Note:

CSS selectors have no ability to point to attributes.

CSS Selectors are identified by `css` value in `queryLanguage` attribute.

##### 5.3.3.1 Absolute selector

Absolute selector MUST be interpreted as selector as defined in [Selectors Level 3] . Both simple selectors and groups of selectors can be used.

##### 5.3.3.2 Relative selector

Relative selector MUST be interpreted as selector as defined in [Selectors Level 3] . Selector is not evaluated against the complete document tree but only against subtrees rooted at nodes selected by selector in the `selector` attribute.

#### 5.3.4 Additional query languages

ITS processors MAY support additional query languages. For each additional query language the processor MUST define:

- identifier of query language used in `queryLanguage` ;

- rules for evaluating absolute selector to collection of nodes;

- rules for evaluating relative selector to collection of nodes.

Because future versions of this specification are likely to define additional query languages, the following query language identifiers are reserved: `xpath` , `css` , `xpath2` , `xpath3` , `xquery` , `xquery3` , `xslt2` , `xslt3` .

#### 5.3.5 Variables in selectors

A `param` element (or several ones) can be placed as the first child element(s) of the `rules` element to define the default values of variables used in the various selectors used in the rules.

Implementation MUST support the `param` element for all query languages it supports and which at the same time define how variables are bind for evaluation of selector expression. Implementations SHOULD also provide means for changing the default values of the `param` elements. Such means are implementation-specific.

The `param` element has a required name attribute. The value of the name attribute is a QName , see [XML Names] . The content of the element is a string used as default value for the corresponding variable.

Example 18: Using 19: Using the `param` element to define the default value of a variable in a `selector` attribute.

The `param` element defines the default value for the `$LCID` variable. In this case, only the `msg` element with the attribute `lcid` set to "0x049" is seen as translatable.

    "color: #000096"><doc its:version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:param name="LCID">0x0409</its:param>

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="/doc" translate="no"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//msg[@lcid=$LCID]" translate="yes"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><msg lcid="0x0409" num="1">Create a folder</msg>

    "color: #000096"><msg lcid="0x0411" num="1">ãƒ•ã‚©ãƒ«ãƒ€ãƒ¼ã‚’ä½œæˆã™ã‚‹</msg>

    "color: #000096"><msg lcid="0x0407" num="1">Erstellen Sie einen Ordner</msg>

    "color: #000096"><msg lcid="0x040c" num="1">CrÃ©er un dossier</msg>

    </doc>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-param-in-global-rules-1.xml ]

Note:

In XSLT-based applications, it may make sense to map ITS parameters directly to XSLT parameters. To avoid naming conflicts one can use a prefix with the parameter name's value to distinguish between the ITS parameters and the XSLT parameters.

### 5.4 Link to External Rules

One way to associate a document with a set of external ITS rules is to use the optional XLink [XLink 1.1] `href` attribute in the `rules` element. The referenced document must be a valid XML document containing at most one `rules` element. That `rules` element can be the root element or anywhere within the document tree (for example, the document could be an XML Schema).

The rules contained in the referenced document MUST be processed as if they were at the top of the `rules` element with the XLink `href` attribute.

Example 20: External file EX-link-external-rules-1.xml with global rules:

The example demonstrates how metadata can be added to ITS rules.

    "color: #000096"><myFormatInfo>

    "color: #000096"><desc>ITS rules used by the Open University</desc>

    "color: #000096"><hostVoc>http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0</hostVoc>

    "color: #000096"><rulesId>98ECED99DF63D511B1250008C784EFB1</rulesId>

    "color: #000096"><rulesVersion>v 1.81 2006/03/28 07:43:21</rulesVersion>

      ...

      "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//header" translate="no"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//term" translate="no"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//term" term="yes"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:withinTextRule withinText="yes" selector="//term | //b"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"></myFormatInfo>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-link-external-rules-1.xml ]

Example 20: Document 21: Document with a link to EX-link-external-rules-1.xml

    <myDoc>
    <header>
    <its:rules
    version
    =
    "2.0"
    xmlns:its
    =
    "http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"
    xmlns:xlink
    =
    "http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xlink:href
    =
    "EX-link-external-rules-1.xml"
    >
    <its:translateRule
    selector
    =
    "//term"
    translate
    =
    "yes"
    />
    </its:rules>
    <author>
    Theo
    Brumble
    </author>
    <lastUpdate>
    Apr-01-2006
    </lastUpdate>
    </header>
    <body>
    <p>
    A
    <term>
    Palouse
    horse
    </term>
    has
    a
    spotted
    coat.
    </p>
    </body>
    </myDoc>

    "color: #000096"><myDoc>

    "color: #000096"><header>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"

    "color: #F5844C">xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="EX-link-external-rules-1.xml">

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//term" translate="yes"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><author>Theo Brumble</author>

    "color: #000096"><lastUpdate>Apr-01-2006</lastUpdate>

    "color: #000096"></header>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>A <term>Palouse horse</term> has a spotted coat.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></myDoc>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-link-external-rules-2.xml ]

The result of processing the two documents above is the same as processing the following document. following document.

Example 22: Document with identical rules as in the case of included rules

    "color: #000096"><myDoc>

    "color: #000096"><header>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//header" translate="no"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//term" translate="no"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//term" term="yes"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:withinTextRule withinText="yes" selector="//term | //b"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//term" translate="yes"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><author>Theo Brumble</author>

    "color: #000096"><lastUpdate>Apr-01-2006</lastUpdate>

    "color: #000096"></header>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>A <term>Palouse horse</term> has a spotted coat.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></myDoc>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-link-external-rules-3.xml ]

Example 22: External 23: External rules file with the `rules` element as the root element

Like Example 19 20 , these rules can be applied e.g. to Example 20 21 . The only difference is that in Example 22 23 , the `rules` element is the root element of the external file.

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//header" translate="no"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//term" translate="no"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//term" term="yes"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:withinTextRule withinText="yes" selector="//term | //b"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-link-external-rules-4.xml ]

Applications processing global ITS markup MUST recognize the XLink `href` attribute in the `rules` element; they MUST load the corresponding referenced document and process its rules element before processing the content of the `rules` element where the original XLink `href` attribute is.

External rules may also have links to other external rules (see Example 20 21 ). The linking mechanism is recursive in a depth-first approach, and subsequently after the processing the rules MUST be read top-down (see Example 21 22 ).

### 5.5 Precedence between Selections

The following precedence order is defined for selections of ITS information in various positions (the first item in the list has the highest precedence):

1. Selection via explicit (that is, not inherited) local ITS markup in documents ( ITS local attributes on a specific element)

2. Global selections in documents (using a `rules` element)

   Inside each `rules` element the precedence order is:

   1. Any rule inside the rules element

   2. Any rule linked via the XLink `href` attribute

   Note:

   ITS does not define precedence related to rules defined or linked based on non-ITS mechanisms (such as processing instructions for linking rules).

3. Selection via inherited values. This applies only to element nodes. The inheritance rules are laid out in a dedicated datacategory overview table , see column " Inheritance for element nodes ". Selection via inheritance takes precedence over default values, see below item.

4. Selections via defaults for data categories, see Section 8.1: Position, 8.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance and Overriding of Data Categories

In case of conflicts between global selections via multiple rules elements, the last rule has higher precedence.

Note:

The precedence order fulfills the same purpose as the built-in template rules of [XSLT 1.0] . Override semantics are always complete, that is all information provided via lower precedence is overriden by the higher precedence. E.g. defaults are overridden by inherited values, these are overriden by nodes selected via global rules, which are in turn overridden by local markup.

Example 23: Conflicts 24: Conflicts between selections of ITS information which are resolved using the precedence order

The two elements `title` and `author` of this document should be treated as separate content when inside a `prolog` element, but as part of the content of their parent element otherwise. In order to make this distinction two `withinTextRule` elements are used:

The first rule specifies that `title` and `author` in general should be treated as an element within text. This overrides the default.

The second rule indicates that when `title` or `author` are found in a `prolog` element their content should be treated separately. This is normally the default, but the rule is needed to override the first rule. is one of the best introductions to the vast topic of designing user interfaces. This is normally the default, but the rule is needed to override the first rule.

    <text>
    "color: #000096"><prolog>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:withinTextRule withinText="yes" selector="//title|//author"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:withinTextRule withinText="no" selector="//prolog/title|//prolog/author"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><title>Designing User Interfaces</title>

    "color: #000096"><author>Janice Prakash</author>

    "color: #000096"><keywords>user interface, ui, software interface</keywords>

    "color: #000096"></prolog>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>The book <title>Of Mice and Screens</title> by <author>Aldus Brandywine</author> is one of
          the best introductions to the vast topic of designing user interfaces.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></text>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-selection-precedence-1.xml ]

### 5.6 Associating ITS Data Categories with Existing Markup

Some markup schemes provide markup which can be used to express ITS data categories. ITS data categories can be associated with such existing markup, using the global selection mechanism described in Section 5.2.1: Global, 5.2.1: Global, Rule-based Selection .

Associating existing markup with ITS data categories can be done only if the processing expectations of the host markup are the same as, or greater than, those of ITS. For example, the [DITA 1.0] format can use its translate attribute to apply to â€œtranscludedâ€ content, going beyond the ITS 2.0 local selection mechanism, but not contradicting it.

Example 24: Association 25: Association of the ITS data categories Translate and Terminology with DITA 1.0 markup

In this example, there is an existing `translate` attribute in DITA, and it is associated with the ITS semantics using the its:rules section. Similarly, the DITA as an abstract concept for a particular type of DITA `dt` and `term` elements are associated with the ITS Terminology data category.

    "color: #000096"><topic id="myTopic">

    "color: #000096"><title>The ITS Topic</title>

    "color: #000096"><prolog>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//*[@translate='no']" translate="no"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//*[@translate='yes']" translate="yes"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//term | //dt" term="yes"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"></prolog>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><dl>

    "color: #000096"><dlentry id="tDataCat">

    "color: #000096"><dt>Data category</dt>

    "color: #000096"><dd>ITS defines <term>data category</term> as an abstract concept for a particular type of

              information related to internationalization and localization of XML schemas and
              documents.

              documents.</dd>

    "color: #000096"></dlentry>

    "color: #000096"></dl>

    "color: #000096"><p>For the implementation of ITS, apply the rules in the order:</p>

    "color: #000096"><ul>

    "color: #000096"><li>Defaults</li>

    "color: #000096"><li>Rules in external files</li>

    "color: #000096"><li>Rules in the document</li>

    "color: #000096"><li>Local attributes</li>

    "color: #000096"></ul>

    "color: #000096"><p><ph translate="no" xml:lang="fr">Et voilÃ  !</ph>.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></topic>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-associating-its-with-existing-markup-1.xml ]

Global rules can be associated with a given XML document using different means:

- By using an `rules` element in the document itself:

  - with the rules directly inside the document, as shown in Example 24 25

  - with a link to an external rules file using the XLink `href` attribute, as shown in Example 19 20

- By associating the rules and the document through a tool-specific mechanism. For example, for a command-line tool: providing the paths of both the XML document to process and its corresponding external rules file.

### 5.7 Conversion to NIF

This section defines an algorithm to convert XML or HTML documents (or their DOM representations) that contain ITS metadata to the RDF-based format based on [NIF] . The conversion results in RDF triples.

Note:

The algorithm is intended to extract the text from the XML/HTML/DOM for an NLP tool. It can produce a lot of " phantom " predicates from excessive whitespace, which 1) increases the size of the intermediate mapping and 2) extracts this whitespace as text, and therefore might decrease NLP performance. It is strongly recommended to normalize whitespace in the input XML/HTML/DOM in order to minimize such phantom predicates. A normalized example is given below. Since the whitespace normalization algorithm itself is format dependent, for example, it differs for HTML compared to general XML, no normative algorithm for whitespace normalization is given as part of this specification. translate = "no" this specification.

> Dublin </span> in <b translate = "no" its-within-text = "yes" Note: > Ireland </b> ! </h2>

The output of the algorithm shown below uses the ITS RDF ontology [ITS RDF] and its namespace
http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its/rdf# </body>
This ontology is not a normative part of the ITS 2.0 specification and is being discussed in the ITS Interest Group .

</html> Example 26: Example (see source code ) of an HTML document with whitespace character normalization as preparation for the conversion to NIF

    "color: #000096"><html><body><h2 translate="yes">Welcome to <span

    "color: #F5844C">its-ta-ident-ref="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dublin" its-within-text="yes"

    "color: #F5844C">translate="no">Dublin</span> in <b translate="no" its-within-text="yes">Ireland</b>!</h2></body></html>

The conversion algorithm to generate NIF consists of seven steps.

- STEP 1: Get an ordered list of all text nodes of the document.

- STEP 2: Generate an XPath expression for each non-empty text node of all leaf elements and memorize them.

- STEP 3: Get the text for each node and make a tuple with the XPath expressions (X,T). Since the text nodes have a certain order we now have a list of ordered tuples ((x0,t0), (x1,t1), ..., (xn,tn)).

- STEP 4 (optional): Serialize as XML or as RDF. The list with the XPath-to-text mapping can also be kept in memory. Part of a serialization example is given below.@prefix itsrdf: <http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its/rdf#> . serialization example is given below. Note that in the example consists both of an RDF part and and XML part (the `mappings` element).

    @prefix itsrdf: <http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its/rdf#> .

    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#xpath(x0)>
        itsrdf:xpath2nif <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=b0,e0>

        nif:convertedFrom <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=b0,e0>

    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#xpath(x1)>
        itsrdf:xpath2nif <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=b1,e1>

        nif:convertedFrom <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=b1,e1>

    # ...
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#xpath(xn)>
        itsrdf:xpath2nif <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=bn,en>

        nif:convertedFrom <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=bn,en>

    <mappings>
      <mapping x="xpath(x0)" b="b0" e="e0" />
      <mapping x="xpath(x1)" b="b1" e="e1" />
      <!-- ... -->
      <mapping x="xpath(xn)" b="bn" e="en" />
    </mappings>

where

    b0
    =
    0
    e0
    =
    b0
    +
    (Number
    of
    characters
    of
    t0)
    b1
    =
    e0
    +1
    e1
    =
    b1
    +
    (Number
    of
    characters
    of
    t1)

    b0 = 0
    e0 = b0 + (Number of characters of t0)
    b1 = e0 +1
    e1 = b1 + (Number of characters of t1)

    ...
    bn
    =
    e(n-1)
    +1
    en
    =
    bn
    +
    (Number
    of
    characters
    of
    tn)

    bn = e(n-1) +1
    en = bn + (Number of characters of tn)

Example (continued)

    @prefix
    itsrdf:
    <http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its/rdf#>
    .
    #
    "Welcome
    to
    "
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/text()[1])>
    itsrdf:nif
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=0,11>
    .
    #
    "Dublin"
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/span[1]/text()[1])>
    itsrdf:nif
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=11,17>
    .
    #
    "
    in
    "
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/text()[2])>
    itsrdf:nif
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=17,21>
    .
    #
    "Ireland"
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/b[1]/text()[1])>
    itsrdf:nif
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=21,28>
    .
    #
    "!"
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/text()[3])>
    itsrdf:nif
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=28,29>
    .
    #
    "Welcome
    to
    Dublin
    Ireland!"
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/text())>
    itsrdf:nif
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=0,29>
    .

    @prefix itsrdf: <http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its/rdf#> .
    # "Welcome to "
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/text()[1])>
        itsrdf:nif <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=0,11> .
    # "Dublin"
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/span[1]/text()[1])>
        itsrdf:nif <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=11,17> .
    # " in "
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/text()[2])>
        itsrdf:nif <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=17,21> .
    # "Ireland"
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/b[1]/text()[1])>
        itsrdf:nif <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=21,28> .
    # "!"
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/text()[3])>
        itsrdf:nif <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=28,29> .
    # "Welcome to Dublin Ireland!"
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/text())>
        itsrdf:nif <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=0,29> .

    <mappings>
    <mapping
    x="xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/text()[1])"
    b="0"
    e="11"
    />
    <mapping
    x="xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/span[1]/text()[1])"
    b="11"
    e="17"
    />
    <mapping
    x="xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/text()[2])"
    b="17"
    e="21"
    />
    <mapping
    x="xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/b[1]/text()[1])"
    b="21"
    e="28"
    />
    <mapping
    x="xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/text()[3])"
    b="28"
    e="29"
    />
    <mapping
    x="xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1])"
    b="0"
    e="29"
    />

      <mapping x="xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/text()[1])" b="0" e="11" />
      <mapping x="xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/span[1]/text()[1])" b="11" e="17" />
      <mapping x="xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/text()[2])" b="17" e="21" />
      <mapping x="xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/b[1]/text()[1])" b="21" e="28" />
      <mapping x="xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1]/text()[3])" b="28" e="29" />
      <mapping x="xpath(/html/body[1]/h2[1])" b="0" e="29" />

    </mappings>

- STEP 5: Create a context URI and attach the whole concatenated text of the document as reference.@prefix itsrdf: <http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its/rdf#> . whole concatenated text of the document as reference.

- STEP 6: Attach any ITS metadata annotations from the XML/HTML/DOM input to the respective NIF URIs.

- STEP 7: Omit all URIs that do not carry annotations (they will just bloat the data).

    @prefix itsrdf: <http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its/rdf#> .

    @prefix nif: <http://persistence.uni-leipzig.org/nlp2rdf/ontologies/nif-core#>
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=0,29>
        rdf:type             nif:Context ;
        rdf:type             nif:RFC5147String ;
    # concatenate the whole text
        nif:isString         "$(t0+t1+t2+...+tn)" ;
        itsrdf:translate     "yes";
        nif:occursIn      <http://example.com/exampledoc.html> .

        nif:sourceUrl      <http://example.com/exampledoc.html> .

    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=11,17>
        rdf:type              nif:RFC5147String;

        rdf:type              nif:String;

        rdf:type              nif:RFC5147String ;
        itsrdf:translate     "no";
        itsrdf:taIdentRef  <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dublin> ;
        nif:referenceContext <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=0,29> .
    <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=21,28>
        rdf:type              nif:RFC5147String;

        rdf:type              nif:String;

        rdf:type              nif:RFC5147String ;
        itsrdf:translate     "no";
        nif:referenceContext <http://example.com/exampledoc.html#char=0,29> .

A complete sample output in RDF/XML format after step 7, given the input document Example 25 26 , is available at examples/nif/EX-nif-conversion-output.xml .

Note:

The conversion to NIF is a possible basis for a natural language processing (NLP) application that creates, for example, named entity annotations. A non-normative algorithm to integrate these annotations into the original input document is given in Appendix F: Conversion F: Conversion NIF2ITS . This algorithm is non-normative because many decisions depend on the actually employed NLP application.

### 5.8 ITS Tools Annotation

In some cases, it may be important for instances of data categories to be associated with information about the processor that generated them. For example, the score of the MT Confidence data category (provided via the `mtConfidence` attribute) is meaningful only when the consumer of the information also knows what MT engine produced it, because the score provides the relative confidence of translations from the same MT engine but does not provide a score that can be reliably compared between MT engines. The same is true for confidence provided for the Text Analysis data category, providing confidence information via the `taConfidence` attribute, or the Terminology data category, providing confidence information via the `termConfidence` attribute.

ITS 2.0 provides a mechanism to associate such processor information with the use of individual data categories in a document, independently from data category annotations themselves.

The attribute `annotatorsRef` provides a way to associate all the annotations of a given data category within the element with information about the processor that generated those data category annotations.

Note:

- Three cases of providing tool information can be expected:

  1. information about tools used for creating or modifying the textual content;

  2. information about tools that do 1), but also create ITS annotations, see Appendix G: List G: List of ITS 2.0 Global Elements and Local Attributes ;

  3. information about tools that donâ€™t modify or create content, but just create ITS annotations.

  `annotatorsRef` is only meant to be used when actual ITS annotation is involved, that is for 2) and 3). To express tool information related only to the creation or modification of textual content and independent of ITS data categories, that is case 1), one should use the tool or `toolRef` attribute provided by the Provenance data category.

- An example of case 2) is an MT engine that modifies content and creates ITS MT Confidence annotations. Here the situation may occur that several tools are involved in creating MT Confidence annotations: the MT engine and the tool inserting the markup. The annotatorsRef attribute should identify the tool most useful in further processes, in this case the MT engine.

The value of `annotatorsRef` is a space-separated list of references where each reference is composed of two parts: a data category identifier and an IRI. These two parts are separated by a character `|` VERTICAL LINE (U+007C).

- The data category identifier MUST be one of the identifiers specified in the data category overview table .

- The IRI indicates information about the processor used to generate the data category annotation. No single means is specified for how this IRI should be used to indicate processor information. Possible mechanisms are: to encode information directly in the IRI, e.g. as parameters; to reference an external resource that provides such information, e.g. an XML file or an RDF declaration; or to reference another part of the document that provides such information.

In HTML documents, the mechanism is implemented with the `its-annotators-ref` attribute.

The attribute applies to the content of the element where it is declared (including its children elements) and to the attributes of that element.

On any given node, the information provided by this mechanism is a space-separated list of the accumulated references found in the `annotatorsRef` attributes declared in the enclosing elements and sorted by data category identifiers. For each data category, the IRI part is the one of the inner-most declaration.

Example 26: Accumulation 27: Accumulation and Overriding of the `annotatorsRef` Values

In this example, the text shows the computed tools reference information for the given node. Note that the references are ordered alphabetically and that the IRI values are always the ones of the inner-most declaration. values are always the ones of the inner-most declaration.

    "color: #000096"><doc its:version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"

    "color: #F5844C">its:annotatorsRef="mt-confidence|MT1"

      >doc node: "mt-confidence|MT1"

      "color: #000096"><group its:annotatorsRef="terminology|ABC"

        >group node: "mt-confidence|MT1 terminology|ABC"

          >

          >

      <!-- To make this example real life usable, in the document we would have

        "color: #000096"><p its:annotatorsRef="text-analysis|Tool3"
          >This p node: "text-analysis|Tool3 mt-confidence|MT1 terminology|ABC"</p>

    "color: #000096"><p its:annotatorsRef="mt-confidence|MT123"
          >This p node: "mt-confidence|MT123 terminology|ABC"</p>

    "color: #000096"></group>

    "color: silver"><!-- To make this example real life usable, in the document we would have

        annotations of the three data categories text-analysis, mt-confidence and terminology -->

       >

      "color: #000096"><p its:annotatorsRef="text-analysis|XYZ"
       >This p node: "text-analysis|XYZ mt-confidence|MT1"</p>

    </doc>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-its-tool-annotation-1.xml ]

Example 27: Example 28: Example of ITS Tools Annotation

The `annotatorsRef` attribute is used in this XML document to indicate that information about the processor that generated the `mtConfidence` values for the first two `p` elements are found in element with `id="T1"` in the external document tools.xml, while that information for the third `p` element is found in the element with `id="T2"` in the same document. In addition, `annotatorsRef` is used to identify a Web resource with information about the QA tool used to generate the Text translated with tool T2 with information about the QA tool used to generate the Localization Quality Issue annotation in the document.

    "color: #000096"><doc its:version="2.0"

    "color: #F5844C">its:annotatorsRef="mt-confidence|file:///tools.xml#T1 localization-quality-issue|http://www.qalsp-ex.com/qatools/transcheckv1.3"

    "color: #F5844C">xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><p its:mtConfidence="0.78">Text translated with tool T1</p>

    "color: #000096"><p its:mtConfidence="0.55" its:locQualityIssueType="typographical"

    "color: #F5844C">its:locQualityIssueComment="Sentence without capitalization"

    "color: #F5844C">its:locQualityIssueSeverity="50">text also translated with tool T1</p>

    "color: #000096"><p its:mtConfidence="0.34" its:annotatorsRef="mt-confidence|file:///tools.xml#T2"> Text translated
            with tool T2</p>

    </doc>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-its-tool-annotation-2.xml ]

Example 28: Example 29: Example of ITS Tool Annotation

The `its-annotators-ref` attributes are used in this HTML document to indicate that the MT Confidence annotation on the first two `span` elements come from one MT (French to English) engine, while the annotation on the third comes from another (Italian to English) engine. Both `its-annotators-ref` attributes refer to a Web resource for information about the engine generating the MT Confidence annotation. Sentences about capital cities annotation.

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    "color: #000096"><html lang=en>

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>Sentences about capital cities

                    machine translated into english with mtConfidence defined
                    locally.

                    locally.</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body its-annotators-ref="mt-confidence|http://www.exmt-prov.com/2012/11/9/fr-t-en">

    "color: #000096"><p>

    "color: #000096"><span its-mt-confidence=0.8982>Dublin is the capital of Ireland.</span>

    "color: #000096"><span its-mt-confidence=0.8536>The capital of the Czech Republic is Prague.</span>

    "color: #000096"><span its-mt-confidence=0.7009

    "color: #F5844C">its-annotators-ref="mt-confidence|http://www.exmt-prov.com/2012/11/9/it-t-en">The capital Italia is Roma.</span>

    "color: #000096"></p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-its-tool-annotation-html5-1.html ]

## 6 Using ITS Markup in HTML

This section is normative.

Note:

Please note that the term `HTML` refers to HTML5 or its successor in HTML syntax [HTML5] .

### 6.1 Mapping of Local Data Categories to HTML

All data categories defined in Section 8: Description 8: Description of Data Categories and having local implementation might be used in HTML with the exception of Translate , Directionality and Language Information data categories.

Note:

The above mentioned data categories are excluded because HTML has native markup for them.

In HTML data categories are implemented as attributes. Name of the HTML attribute is derived from the name of the attribute defined in the local implementation by using the following rules:

1. Attribute name is prefixed with `its-`

2. Each uppercase letter in the attribute name is replaced by `-` (U+002D) followed by a lowercase variant of the letter.

Example 51 52 demonstrates the Elements Within Text data category with the local XML attribute `withinText` . Example 52 53 demonstrates the counterpart in HTML, that is the local attribute `its-within-text` .

Values of attributes which corresponds to data categories with a predefined set of values MUST be matched ASCII-case-insensitively.

Note:

Case of attribute names is also irrelevant given the nature of HTML syntax. So in HTML terminology data category can be stored as `its-term` , `ITS-TERM` , `its-Term` etc. All those attributes are treated as equivalent and will get normalized upon DOM construction.

Values of attributes which corresponds to data categories which use XML Schema double data type MUST be also valid floating-point numbers as defined in [HTML5] .

### 6.2 Global rules

Various aspects for global rules in general, external global rules or inline global rules need to be taken into account. An example of an HTML5 document using global rules is Example 8 . The corresponding rules file is Example 9 .

Note:

By default XPath 1.0 will be used for selection in global rules. If users prefer easier selection mechanism, they can switch query language to CSS selectors by using the `queryLanguage` attribute, see Section 5.3.1: Choosing 5.3.1: Choosing Query Language .

Note:

HTML5 parsing algorithm automatically puts all HTML elements into XHTML namespace ( `http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml` ). Selectors used in global rules must take this into account.

Link to external global rules is specified in `href` attribute of `link` element, with the link relation `its-rules` .

Note:

Using XPath in global rules linked from HTML documents does not create an additional burden to implementers. Parsing HTML content produces a DOM tree that can be directly queried using XPath, functionality supported by all major browsers.

Inline global rules MUST be specified inside `script` which has `type` attribute with the value `application/its+xml` . The `script` element itself SHOULD be child of `head` element. Comments MUST NOT be used inside global rules. Each `script` element MUST NOT contain more than one `rules` element.

Note:

It is preferred to use external global rules linked using the `link` element than to have global rules embedded in the document.

### 6.3 Standoff Markup in HTML

The constraints for Provenance standoff markup in HTML and Localization quality issues markup in HTML MUST be followed.

### 6.4 Precedence between Selections

The following precedence order is defined for selections of ITS information in various positions of HTML document (the first item in the list has the highest precedence):

1. Implicit local selection in documents ( ITS local attributes on a specific element)

2. Global selections in documents (using mechanism of external global rules or inline global rules ), to be processed in a document order, see Section 5.2.1: Global, 5.2.1: Global, Rule-based Selection for details.

   Note:

   ITS does not define precedence related to rules defined or linked based on non-ITS mechanisms (such as processing instructions for linking rules). Selection via inheritance takes precedence over default values, see below item.

3. Selection via inherited values. This applies only to element nodes. The inheritance rules are laid out in a dedicated datacategory overview table , see column " Inheritance for element nodes ". Selection via inheritance takes precedence over default values, see below item.

4. Selections via defaults for data categories, see Section 8.1: Position, 8.1: Position, Defaults, Inheritance and Overriding of Data Categories .

In case of conflicts between global selections via multiple rules elements, the last rule has higher precedence.

The forehand mentioned Example 8 demonstrates the precedence: the `code` element with the `translate` attribute set to yes has precedence over the global rule setting all `code` elements as untranslatable.

## 7 Using ITS Markup in XHTML

This section is normative.

XHTML documents aimed at public consumption by Web browsers, including HTML5 documents in XHTML synatx, SHOULD use the syntax described in Section 6: Using 6: Using ITS Markup in HTML in order to adhere to DOM Consistency HTML Design Principle prefixed attributes inside the content, like its:locNote. HTML Design Principle .

Example 30: Using ITS 2.0 markup in XHTML

This examples illustrates the use of ITS 2.0 local markup in XHTML.

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

    "color: #000096"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><title>XHTML and ITS2.0</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><h1>XHTML and ITS2.0</h1>

    "color: #000096"><p>Don't use <span its-loc-note="Internationalization Tag Set">ITS</span> prefixed
                attributes inside the content, like its:locNote.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-xhtml-markup-1.html ]

Note:

Please note that this section defines how to use ITS in XHTML content which is directly served to Web browsers. Such XHTML is very often sent with a wrong media type and parsed as HTML not as XML in Web browsers. In such case it is more robust and safer to use HTML-like syntax for ITS metadata.

However when XHTML is not used as a delivery but rather as an exchange or storage format all XML features can be used in XHTML and it's advised to use XML syntax for ITS metadata.

## 8 Description of Data Categories

This section is normative.

### 8.1 Position, Defaults, Inheritance and Overriding of Data Categories

The following table summarizes for each data category which selection, default value, and inheritance and overriding behavior applies. It also provides data category identifiers used in Section 5.8: ITS 5.8: ITS Tools Annotation .

- Default values apply if both local and global selection are absent. The default value for the Translate data category for example mandates that elements are translatable, and attributes are not translatable if there is no `translateRule` element and no `translate` attribute available.

- Inheritance describes whether ITS information is applicable to child elements of nodes and attributes related to these nodes or their child notes. The inheritance for the Translate data category for example mandates that all child elements of nodes are translatable whereas all attributes related to these the nodes or their child notes are not translatable.

- For ITS data categories with inheritance, the information conveyed by the data category can be overridden. For example, a local `translate` attribute overrides the Translate information conveyed by a global `translateRule` .

Note:

An ITS application is free to decide what pieces of content it uses. For example:

- Terminology information is added to a `term` element. The information pertains only to the content of the element, since there is no inheritance for Terminology . Nevertheless an ITS application can make use of the complete element, e.g. including attribute nodes etc.

- Using Id value , a unique identifier is provided for a `p` element. An application can make use of the complete `p` element, including child nodes and attributes nodes. The application is also free to make use just of the string value of `p` . Nevertheless the id provided via ID value pertains only to the `p` element. It cannot be used to identify nested elements or attributes.

- Using target pointer , selected `source` element have the ITS information that their translation is available in a `target` element; see Example 68 69 . This information does not inherit to child elements of `target pointer` . E.g., the translation of a `span` element nested in `source` is not available in a specific `target` element. Nevertheless, an application is free to use the complete content of `source` , including `span` , and e.g. present it to a translator.

Data category ( `identifier` ) | Local Usage | Global, rule-based selection | Global adding of information | Global pointing to existing information | Default Values | Inheritance for elements nodes | Examples
Translate ( `translate` ) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | For XML: `translate="yes"` for elements, and `translate="no"` for attributes attributes. For [HTML5] :see HTLM5 Translate Handling . | For XML: Textual content of element, including content of child elements, but excluding attributes attributes. For [HTML5] :see HTLM5 Translate Handling . | local , global
Localization Note ( `localization-note` ) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | None | Textual content of element, including content of child elements, but excluding attributes | local , global
Terminology ( `terminology` ) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | `term="no"` | None | local , global
Directionality ( `directionality` ) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | `dir="ltr"` | Textual content of element, including attributes and child elements | local , global
Language Information ( `language-information` ) | No | Yes | No | Yes | None | Textual content of element, including attributes and child elements | global
Elements Within Text ( `elements-within-text` ) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | For XML content: `withinText="no"` . For HTML5 phrasing content :`withinText="yes"` . | None | local , global
Domain ( `domain` ) | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | None | Textual content of element, including attributes and child elements | global
Text Analysis ( `text-analysis` ) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | None | None | local , global
Locale Filter ( `locale-filter` ) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | `localeFilterList="*"` , `localeFilterType="include"` | Textual content of element, including attributes and child elements | local , global
Provenance ( `provenance` ) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | None | Textual content of element, including child elements and attributes | local , global
External Resource ( `external-resource` ) | No | Yes | No | Yes | None | None | global
Target Pointer ( `target-pointer` ) | No | Yes | No | Yes | None | None | global
Id Value ( `id-value` ) | No | Yes | No | Yes | None | None | global
Preserve Space ( `preserve-space` ) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | `default` | Textual content of element, including attributes and child elements | local , global
Localization Quality Issue ( `localization-quality-issue` ) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | None | Textual content of element, including child elements, but excluding attributes | local , global
Localization Quality Rating ( `localization-quality-rating` ) | Yes | Yes No | Yes No | Yes No | None | Textual content of element, including child elements, but excluding attributes | local
MT Confidence ( `mt-confidence` ) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | None | Textual content of element, including child elements, but excluding attributes | local , global
Allowed Characters ( `allowed-characters` ) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | None | Textual content of element, including child elements, but excluding attributes | local , global
Storage Size ( `storage-size` ) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | None | None | local , global

Example 31: Defaults, inheritance and overriding behavior of data categories

In this example, the content of all the `data` elements is translatable and none of the attributes are translatable, because the default for the Translate data category in elements is "yes" and in attributes is "no", and neither of their values are overridden at all. The first `translateRule` is overridden by the local `its:translate="no"` attribute. The content of `revision` ,`profile` ,`reviser` and `locNote` elements are not translatable. This is because the default is overridden by the same `its:translate="no"` that these elements inherit from the local ITS markup in the `prolog` element. The exception is the `field` element where the second `translateRule` takes precedence over the inherited value. The last `translateRule` indicates that the content of `type` is not translatable because the global rule takes precedence over the default value.

The localization note for the two first `data` elements is the text defined globally with the `locNoteRule` element. This note is overridden for the last `data` element by the local `locNote` attribute.

    "color: #000096"><Res xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><prolog its:translate="no">

    "color: #000096"><revision>Sep-07-2006</revision>

    "color: #000096"><profile>

    "color: #000096"><reviser>John Doe</reviser>

    "color: #000096"><field>Computing Engineering</field>

    "color: #000096"></profile>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//prolog" translate="yes"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="/Res/prolog/profile/field" translate="yes"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//msg/type" translate="no"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:locNoteRule locNoteType="description" selector="//msg/data">

    "color: #000096"><its:locNote>The variable {0} is the name of the host.</its:locNote>

    "color: #000096"></its:locNoteRule>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"></prolog>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><msg id="HostNotFound">

    "color: #000096"><type>Error</type>

    "color: #000096"><data>Host {0} cannot be found.</data>

    "color: #000096"></msg>

    "color: #000096"><msg id="HostDisconnected">

    "color: #000096"><type>Error</type>

    "color: #000096"><data>The connection with {0} has been lost.</data>

    "color: #000096"></msg>

    "color: #000096"><msg id="FileNotFound">

    "color: #000096"><type>Error</type>

    "color: #000096"><data its:locNote="{0} is a filename">{0} not found.</data>

    "color: #000096"></msg>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    </Res>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-datacat-behavior-1.xml ]

Note:

The data categories differ with respect to defaults. This is due to existing standards and practices. It is common practice for example that information about translation refers only to textual content of an element. Thus, the default selection for the Translate data category is the textual content.

### 8.2 Translate

#### 8.2.1 Definition

The Translate data category expresses information about whether the content of an element or attribute should be translated or not. The values of this data category are "yes" (translatable) or "no" (not translatable).

#### 8.2.2 Implementation

The Translate data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on an individual element. Handling of inheritance and interaction between elements and attributes is different for XML content versus [HTML5] content.

For XML: for elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements, but excluding attributes. The default is that elements are translatable and attributes are not.

The interpretation of the `translate` attribute is given in HTML5 .

Note:

As of writing, the default in [HTML5] is that elements are translatable, and that translatable attributes inherit from the respective elements. There is pre-defined list of translatable attributes, for example `alt` or `title` .

GLOBAL: The `translateRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- A required `translate` attribute with the value "yes" or "no".

Example 31: The 32: The Translate data category expressed globally

The `translateRule` element specifies that the elements `code` must not be translated. must not be translated.

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule translate="no" selector="//code"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-translate-selector-1.xml ]

LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the Translate data category:

- A `translate` attribute with the value "yes" or "no".

In [HTML5] the native [HTML5] `translate` attribute MUST be used to express the Translate data category.

Note:

It is not possible to override the Translate data category settings of attributes using local markup. This limitation is consistent with the advised practice of not using translatable attributes. If attributes need to be translatable (e.g., an HTML `alt` attribute), then this must be declared globally.

Example 32: The 33: The Translate data category expressed locally

The local `its:translate="no"` specifies that the content of > `panelmsg` must not be translated.

    "color: #000096"><messages its:version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><msg num="123">Click Resume Button on Status Display or <panelmsg its:translate="no"
          >CONTINUE</panelmsg> Button on printer panel</msg>

    "color: #000096"></messages>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-translate-selector-2.xml ]

Example 33: The 34: The Translate data category expressed locally in HTML

The local `translate="no"` attribute specifies that the content of `span` must not be translated.

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    <html>

         is
          making the World Wide Web worldwide!

      "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>Translate flag test: Default</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>The <span translate=no>World Wide Web Consortium</span> is
          making the World Wide Web worldwide!</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-translate-html5-local-1.html ]

### 8.3 Localization Note

#### 8.3.1 Definition

The Localization Note data category is used to communicate notes to localizers about a particular item of content.

This data category can be used for several purposes, including, but not limited to:

- Tell the translator how to translate parts of the content

- Expand on the meaning or contextual usage of a specific element, such as what a variable refers to or how a string will be used in the user interface

- Clarify ambiguity and show relationships between items sufficiently to allow correct translation (e.g., in many languages it is impossible to translate the word" enabled " in isolation without knowing the gender, number and case of the thing it refers to.)

- Indicate why a piece of text is emphasized (important, sarcastic, etc.)

Two types of informative notes are needed:

- An alert contains information that the translator must read before translating a piece of text. Example: an instruction to the translator to leave parts of the text in the source language.

- A description provides useful background information that the translator will refer to only if they wish. Example: a clarification of ambiguity in the source text.

Editing tools may offer an easy way to create this type of information. Translation tools can be made to recognize the difference between these two types of localization notes, and present the information to translators in different ways.

#### 8.3.2 Implementation

The Localization Note data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on an individual element. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements, but excluding attributes.

GLOBAL: The `locNoteRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- A required `locNoteType` attribute with the value "description" or "alert".

- Exactly one of the following:

  - A `locNote` element that contains the note itself and allows for local ITS markup .

  - A `locNotePointer` attribute that contains a relative selector pointing to a node that holds the localization note.

  - A `locNoteRef` attribute that contains an IRI referring to the location of the localization note.

  - A `locNoteRefPointer` attribute that contains a relative selector pointing to a node that holds the IRI referring to the location of the localization note.

Example 34: The 35: The `locNote` element

The `locNoteRule` element associates the content of the `locNote` element with the message with the identifier 'DisableInfo' and flags it as important. This would also work if the rule was in an external file, allowing to provide notes without modifying the source document. The variable {0} has three possible values: 'printer', 'stacker' and 'stapler options'. </myRes> provide notes without modifying the source document.

    "color: #000096"><myRes>

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0" its:translate="no">

    "color: #000096"><its:locNoteRule locNoteType="alert" selector="//msg[@id='DisableInfo']">

    "color: #000096"><its:locNote>The variable {0} has three possible values: 'printer', 'stacker' and 'stapler
              options'.</its:locNote>

    "color: #000096"></its:locNoteRule>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><msg id="DisableInfo">The {0} has been disabled.</msg>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></myRes>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locNote-element-1.xml ]

Example 35: The 36: The `locNotePointer` attribute

The `locNotePointer` attribute is a relative selector </Res> selector pointing to a node that holds the note.

    <Res>
    "color: #000096"><prolog>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//msg/notes" translate="no"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:locNoteRule locNoteType="description" selector="//msg/data" locNotePointer="../notes"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"></prolog>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><msg id="FileNotFound">

    "color: #000096"><notes>Indicates that the resource file {0} could not be loaded.</notes>

    "color: #000096"><data>Cannot find the file {0}.</data>

    "color: #000096"></msg>

    "color: #000096"><msg id="DivByZero">

    "color: #000096"><notes>A division by 0 was going to be computed.</notes>

    "color: #000096"><data>Invalid parameter.</data>

    "color: #000096"></msg>

    "color: #000096"></body>
    </Res>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locNotePointer-attribute-1.xml ]

Example 36: The 37: The `locNoteRef` attribute

The `locNoteRule` element specifies that the message with the identifier 'NotFound' has a corresponding explanation note in an external file. The IRI for the exact location of the note is stored in the `locNoteRef` attribute. </myRes> attribute.

    "color: #000096"><myRes>

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:locNoteRule locNoteType="description" selector="//msg[@id='NotFound']"

    "color: #F5844C">locNoteRef="ErrorsInfo.html#NotFound"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><msg id="NotFound">Cannot find {0} on {1}.</msg>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></myRes>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locNoteRef-attribute-1.xml ]

Example 37: The 38: The `locNoteRefPointer` attribute

The `locNoteRefPointer` attribute contains a relative selector pointing to a node that holds the IRI referring to the location of the note. </dataFile> location of the note.

    "color: #000096"><dataFile>

    "color: #000096"><prolog>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:locNoteRule locNoteType="description" selector="//data"

    "color: #F5844C">locNoteRefPointer="../@noteFile"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"></prolog>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><string id="FileNotFound" noteFile="Comments.html#FileNotFound">

    "color: #000096"><data>Cannot find the file {0}.</data>

    "color: #000096"></string>

    "color: #000096"><string id="DivByZero" noteFile="Comments.html#DivByZero">

    "color: #000096"><data>Invalid parameter.</data>

    "color: #000096"></string>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></dataFile>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locNoteRefPointer-attribute-1.xml ]

LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the Localization Note data category:

- One of the following:

  - A `locNote` attribute that contains the note itself.

  - A `locNoteRef` attribute that contains an IRI referring to the location of the localization note.

- An optional `locNoteType` attribute with the value "description" or "alert". If the `locNoteType` attribute is not present, the type of localization note will be assumed to be "description".

Example 38: The 39: The Localization Note data category expressed locally </msgList> expressed locally

    "color: #000096"><msgList xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" xml:space="preserve" its:version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><data name="LISTFILTERS_VARIANT" its:locNote="Keep the leading space!" its:locNoteType="alert">

    "color: #000096"><value> Variant {0} = {1} ({2})</value>

    "color: #000096"></data>

    "color: #000096"><data its:locNote="%1\$s is the original text's date in the format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM always in GMT">

    "color: #000096"><value>Translated from English content dated <span id="version-info">%1\$s</span> GMT.</value>

    "color: #000096"></data>

    "color: #000096"></msgList>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locNote-selector-2.xml ]

Example 39: The 40: The Localization Note data category expressed locally in HTML </html> expressed locally in HTML

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    "color: #000096"><html lang=en>

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>LocNote test: Default</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>This is a <span its-loc-note="Check with terminology engineer" its-loc-note-type=alert>motherboard</span>.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-locNote-html5-local-1.html ]

Note:

It is generally recommended to avoid using attributes to store text, however, in this specific case, the need to provide the notes without interfering with the structure of the host document is outweighing the drawbacks of using an attribute.

### 8.4 Terminology

#### 8.4.1 Definition

The Terminology data category is used to mark terms and optionally associate them with information, such as definitions. This helps to increase consistency across different parts of the documentation. It is also helpful for translation.

Note:

Existing terminology standards such as [ISO 30042] and its derived formats are about coding terminology data, while the ITS Terminology data category simply allows to identify terms in XML documents and optionally to point to corresponding information.

#### 8.4.2 Implementation

The Terminology data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on an individual element. There is no inheritance. The default is that neither elements nor attributes are terms.

GLOBAL: The `termRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- A required `term` attribute with the value "yes" or "no".

- None or exactly one of the following:

  - A `termInfoPointer` attribute that contains a relative selector pointing to a node that holds the terminology information.

  - A `termInfoRef` attribute that contains an IRI referring to the resource providing information about the term.

  - A `termInfoRefPointer` attribute that contains a relative selector pointing to a node that holds the IRI referring to the location of the terminology information. as the relationship, expressed through discourse structure, between the implied author or some other addresser, and the fiction. </text> IRI referring to the location of the terminology information.

Example 41: Usage of the `termInfoPointer` attribute

    <text>
      "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//term" term="yes" termInfoPointer="id(@def)"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><p>We may define <term def="TDPV">discoursal point of view</term> as

    "color: #000096"><gloss xml:id="TDPV">the relationship, expressed through discourse structure, between the
        implied author or some other addresser, and the fiction.</gloss></p>

    "color: #000096"></text>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-terms-selector-1.xml ]

Example 41: Usage 42: Usage of the `termInfoRef` attribute

    <text>
    <its:rules
    version
    =
    "2.0"
    xmlns:its
    =
    "http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"
    >
    <its:termRule
    selector
    =
    "//term[1]"
    term
    =
    "yes"
    termInfoRef
    =
    "#TDPV"
    />
    </its:rules>
    <p>
    We
    may
    define
    <term>
    discoursal
    point
    of
    view
    </term>
    as
    <gloss
    xml:id
    =
    "TDPV"
    >
    the
    relationship,
    expressed
    through
    discourse
    structure,
    between
    the
    implied
    author
    or
    some
    other
    addresser,
    and
    the
    fiction.
    </gloss>
    </p>
    </text>

    <text>
      "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//term[1]" term="yes"

    "color: #F5844C">termInfoRef="#TDPV"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><p>We may define <term>discoursal point of view</term>
    as <gloss xml:id="TDPV">the relationship, expressed through discourse
    structure, between the implied author or some other addresser,
    and the fiction.</gloss></p>

    "color: #000096"></text>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-terms-selector-2.xml ]

Example 42: Usage 43: Usage of the `termInfoRefPointer` attribute

    <text>
    <its:rules
    version
    =
    "2.0"
    xmlns:its
    =
    "http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"
    >
    <its:termRule
    selector
    =
    "//term"
    term
    =
    "yes"
    termInfoRefPointer
    =
    "@target"
    />
    </its:rules>
    <p>
    We
    may
    define
    <term
    target
    =
    "#TDPV"
    >
    discoursal
    point
    of
    view
    </term>
    as
    <gloss
    xml:id
    =
    "TDPV"
    >
    the
    relationship,
    expressed
    through
    discourse
    structure,
    between
    the
    implied
    author
    or
    some
    other
    addresser,
    and
    the
    fiction.
    </gloss>
    </p>
    </text>

    <text>
      "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0"  xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:termRule selector="//term" term="yes"

    "color: #F5844C">termInfoRefPointer="@target"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><p>We may define <term target="#TDPV">discoursal point of view</term>
    as <gloss xml:id="TDPV">the relationship, expressed through discourse
    structure, between the implied author or some other addresser,
    and the fiction.</gloss></p>

    "color: #000096"></text>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-terms-selector-3.xml ]

LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the Terminology data category:

- A `term` attribute with the value "yes" or "no".

- An optional `termInfoRef` attribute that contains an IRI referring to the resource providing information about the term.

- An optional `termConfidence` attribute with the value of a rational number in the interval 0 to 1 (inclusive). The value follows the XML Schema double data type with the constraining facets minInclusive set to 0 and maxInclusive set to 1. `termConfidence` represents the confidence of the agents producing the annotation that the values of the annotated unit is a term and, where provided, termInfoRef , are accurate. or not. 1 represents the highest level of confidence. `termConfidence` does not provide confidence information related to `termInfoRef` .

Any node selected by the terminology data category with the `termConfidence` attribute specified MUST be contained in an element with the `annotatorsRef` (or in HTML `its-annotators-ref` ) attribute specified for the Terminology data category. See Section 5.8: ITS 5.8: ITS Tools Annotation for more information.

Example 43: The 44: The Terminology data category expressed locally, including term information reference and confidence score. locally, including term information reference and confidence score.

    "color: #000096"><book its:version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:annotatorsRef="terminology|http://example.com/term-tool">

    "color: #000096"><head>...</head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

        ...
        And he said: you need a new

        "color: #000096"><p>And he said: you need a new

    "color: #000096"><quote its:term="yes"

    "color: #F5844C">its:termInfoRef="http://www.directron.com/motherboards1.html" its:termConfidence="0.5">motherboard</quote></p>

        ...

     "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></book>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-terms-selector-4.xml ]

Example 44: The 45: The Terminology data category expressed locally in HTML </html> in HTML

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    "color: #000096"><html lang=en>

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>Terminology test: default</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>We need a new <span its-term=yes>motherboard</span>

    "color: #000096"></p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-term-html5-local-1.html ]

### 8.5 Directionality

Note:

At the time of writing, enhancements are being discussed in the context of HTML5 that are expected to change the approach to marking up Directionality , in particular to support content whose directionality needs to be isolated from that of surrounding content. However, these enhancements are not finalized yet. This section therefore reflects directionality markup in [HTML 4.01] ; enhancements in HTML5 will be reflected in a future revision.

#### 8.5.1 Definition

The Directionality data category allows the user to specify the base writing direction of blocks, embeddings and overrides for the Unicode bidirectional algorithm. It has four values: "ltr", "rtl", "lro" and "rlo".

Note:

ITS defines only the values of the Directionality data category and their inheritance. The behavior of text labeled in this way may vary, according to the implementation. Implementers are encouraged, however, to model the behavior on that described in the CSS 2.1 specification or its successor. In such a case, the effect of the data category's values would correspond to the following CSS rules:

- Data category value: "ltr" (left-to-right text)

  CSS rule: `*[dir="ltr"] { unicode-bidi: embed; direction: ltr}`

- Data category value: "rtl" (right-to-left text)

  CSS rule: `*[dir="rtl"] { unicode-bidi: embed; direction: rtl}`

- Data category value: "lro" (left-to-right override)

  CSS rule: `*[dir="lro"] { unicode-bidi: bidi-override; direction: ltr}`

- Data category value: "rlo" (right-to-left override)

  CSS rule: `*[dir="rlo"] { unicode-bidi: bidi-override; direction: rtl}`

More information about how to use this data category is provided by [Bidi Article] .

#### 8.5.2 Implementation

The Directionality data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on an individual element. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements and attributes. The default is that both elements and attributes have the directionality of left-to-right.

GLOBAL: The `dirRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- A required `dir` attribute with the value "ltr", "rtl", "lro" or "rlo".

Example 45: Document 46: Document which needs global rules for directionality

In this document the right-to-left directionality is marked using a ×¤×¢×™×œ×•×ª ×”×‘×™× ××•×, W3C means "Internationalization Activity, W3C", and the order of characters is ×¤×¢×™×œ×•×ª ×”×‘×™× ××•×, W3C `direction` attribute with a value "rtlText".

    "color: #000096"><text xml:lang="en">

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><par>In Hebrew, the title <quote xml:lang="he" direction="rtlText">×¤×¢×™×œ×•×ª
          ×”×‘×™× ××•×, W3C</quote> means "Internationalization Activity, W3C",
          and the order of characters is <bdo direction='rtlText'>×¤×¢×™×œ×•×ª
              ×”×‘×™× ××•×, W3C</bdo>.</par>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></text>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-dir-selector-1.xml ]

Example 46: The 47: The Directionality data category expressed with global rules

The `dirRule` element indicates that all elements with an attribute `direction="rtlText"` have right-to-left content, except that bdo elements with that attribute have right-to-left override content. elements with that attribute have right-to-left override content.

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:dirRule dir="rtl" selector="//*[@direction='rtlText']"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:dirRule dir="rlo" selector="//bdo[@direction='rtlText']"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-dir-selector-2.xml ]

LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the Directionality data category:

- A `dir` attribute with the value "ltr", "rtl", "lro" or "rlo".

Note:

[HTML 4.01] does not have the "lro" and "rlo" values for its `dir` attribute, so these values are not used for HTML documents. HTML uses an inline `bdo` element instead.

Example 47: The 48: The Directionality data category expressed locally

On the first `quote` element, the `its:dir="rtl"` attribute indicates a right-to-left content. Ù†Ø´Ø§Ø· Ø§Ù„ØªØ¯ÙˆÙŠÙ„ØŒ W3C indicates a right-to-left content.

    "color: #000096"><text xml:lang="en" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><par>In Arabic, the title <quote xml:lang="ar" its:dir="rtl">Ù†Ø´Ø§Ø· Ø§Ù„ØªØ¯ÙˆÙŠÙ„ØŒ
            W3C</quote> means "Internationalization Activity, W3C".</par>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></text>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-dir-selector-3.xml ]

Example 48: The 49: The Directionality data category expressed locally in HTML means "Internationalization Activity, W3C". </html> locally in HTML

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    "color: #000096"><html lang=en>

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>Dir test: Default</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>In Arabic, the title <q dir=rtl lang=ar>Ù†Ø´Ø§Ø· Ø§Ù„ØªØ¯ÙˆÙŠÙ„ØŒ W3C</q>
          means "Internationalization Activity, W3C".</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-dir-html5-local-1.html ]

### 8.6 Language Information

#### 8.6.1 Definition

The element `langRule` is used to express the language of a given piece of content. The `langPointer` attribute points to the markup which expresses the language of the text selected by the selector attribute. This markup MUST use values that conform to [BCP47] . The recommended way to specify language identification is to use `xml:lang` in XML, and `lang` in HTML. The `langRule` element is intended only as a fall-back mechanism for documents where language is identified with another construct.

Example 49: Pointing 50: Pointing to language information via `langRule`

The following `langRule` element expresses that the content of all `p` elements (including attribute values and textual content of child elements) are in the language indicated by `mylangattribute` , which is attached to the `p` elements, and expresses language using values conformant to conformant to [BCP47] .

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:langRule selector="//p" langPointer="@mylangattribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-lang-definition-1.xml ]

Note:

The Language Information data category only provides for rules to be expressed at a global level. Locally users are able to use `xml:lang` (which is defined by XML), or `lang` in HTML, or an attribute specific to the format in question (as in Example 49 50 ).

In XML `xml:lang` is the preferable means of language identification. To ease the usage of `xml:lang` , a declaration for this attribute is part of the non-normative XML DTD and XML Schema document for ITS markup declarations. There is no declaration of `xml:lang` in the non-normative RELAX NG document for ITS, since in RELAX NG it is not necessary to declare attributes from the XML namespace.

Applying the Language Information data category to `xml:lang` attributes using global rules is not necessary, since `xml:lang` is the standard way to specify language information in [XML 1.0] .

In HTML `lang` is the mandated means of language identification.

#### 8.6.2 Implementation

The Language Information data category can be expressed only with global rules. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements and attributes. There is no default.

GLOBAL: The `langRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- A required `langPointer` attribute that contains a relative selector pointing to a node that contains language information. If the attribute `xml:lang` is present or `lang` in HTML for the selected node, the value of the `xml:lang` attribute or `lang` in HTML MUST take precedence over the `langPointer` value.

### 8.7 Elements Within Text

#### 8.7.1 Definition

The Elements Within Text data category reveals if and how an element affects the way text content behaves from a linguistic viewpoint. This information is for example relevant to provide basic text segmentation hints for tools such as translation memory systems. The values associated with this data category are:

- "yes" : The element and its content are part of the flow of its parent element. For example the element `strong` in [XHTML 1.0] :

  `<strong>Appaloosa horses</strong> have spotted coats.`

- "nested" : The element is part of the flow of its parent element, its content is an independent flow. For example the element `fn` in [DITA 1.0] :

  `Palouse horses<fn>A Palouse horse is the same as an Appaloosa.</fn> have spotted coats.`

- "no" : The element splits the text flow of its parent element and its content is an independent text flow. For example the element `p` when inside the element `li` in DITA or XHTML:

  `<li>Palouse horses: <p>They have spotted coats.</p> <p>They have been bred by the Nez Perce.</p> </li>`

#### 8.7.2 Implementation

The Elements Within Text data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on an individual element. There is no inheritance. The default is that elements are not within text. For HTML5 phrasing content the default is `withinText="yes"` .

GLOBAL: The `withinTextRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- A required `withinText` attribute with the value "yes", "no" or "nested". "no" or "nested".

Example 51: Specifying elements within text with a `withinTextRule` element

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:withinTextRule withinText="yes" selector="//b | //em | //i"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-within-text-implementation-1.xml ]

LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the Elements Within Text data category:

- A `withinText` attribute with the values "yes", "no" or "nested".

Example 51: The 52: The Elements Within Text data category expressed locally </text> expressed locally

    "color: #000096"><text xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><par>Text with <bold its:withinText="yes">bold</bold>.</par>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></text>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-within-text-local-1.xml ]

Example 52: The 53: The Elements Within Text data category expressed locally in HTML expressed locally in HTML

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    <html>

    </html>

      "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>Within text test: Default</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>Text with <span its-within-text='yes'>bold</span>.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-within-text-local-html5-1.html ]

### 8.8 Domain

#### 8.8.1 Definition

The Domain data category is used to identify the topic or subject of a given content. Such information allows to make more relevant lingusitic choices during various processes.

Examples of usage include:

- Allowing machine translation systems to select the most appropriate engine and rules to translate the content.

- Providing a general indication of what terminology collection should be used by a translator.

This data category addresses various challenges:

- Often domain-related information already exist in the document (e.g. keywords in the HTML `meta` element). The Domain data category provides a mechanism to point to this information.

- There are many flat or structured lists of domain related values, keywords, key phrases, classification codes, ontologies, etc. The Domain data category does not propose its own given list. Instead it provides a mapping mechanism to associate the values in the document with the values used by the consumer tool.

#### 8.8.2 Implementation

The Domain data category can be expressed only with global rules. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements and attributes. There is no default.

The information provided by this data category is a comma-separated list of one or more values which is obtained by applying the following algorithm:

- STEP 1: Set the initial value of the resulting string as an empty string.

- STEP 2: Get the list of nodes resulting of the evaluation of the `domainPointer` attribute.

- STEP 3: For each node:

  - STEP 3-1: If the node value contains a COMMA (U+002C):

    - STEP 3-1-1: Split the node value into separate strings using the COMMA (U+002C) as separator.

    - STEP 3-1-2: For each string:

      - STEP 3-1-2-1: Trim the leading and trailing white spaces of the string.

      - STEP 3-1-2-2: If the first character of the value is an APOSTROPHE (U+0027) or a QUOTATION MARK (U+0022): Remove it.

      - STEP 3-1-2-3: If the last character of the value is an APOSTROPHE (U+0027) or a QUOTATION MARK (U+0022): Remove it.

      - STEP 3-1-2-4: If the value is empty: Go to STEP 3-1-2.

      - STEP 3-1-2-5: Check the `domainMapping` attribute to see if there is a mapping set for the string:

        - STEP 3-1-2-5-1. If a mapping is found: Add the corresponding value to the result string.

        - STEP 3-1-2-5-2. Else (if no mapping is found): Add the string to the result string.

  - STEP 3-2: Else (if the node value does not contain a COMMA (U+002C)):

    - STEP 3-2-1: Trim the leading and trailing white spaces of the string.

    - STEP 3-2-2: If the first character of the value is an APOSTROPHE (U+0027) or a QUOTATION MARK (U+0022): Remove it.

    - STEP 3-2-3: If the last character of the value is an APOSTROPHE (U+0027) or a QUOTATION MARK (U+0022): Remove it.

    - STEP 3-2-4: If the value is empty: Go to STEP 3.

    - STEP 3-2-5: Check if there is a mapping for the string:

      - STEP 3-2-5-1: If a mapping is found: Add the corresponding value to the result string.

      - STEP 3-2-5-2: Else (if no mapping is found): Add the string (in its original cases) to the result string.

- STEP 4: Remove duplicated values from the resulting string.

- STEP 5: Return the resulting string.

GLOBAL: The `domainRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- A required `domainPointer` attribute that contains a relative selector pointing to a node that contains the domain information.

- An optional `domainMapping` attribute that contains a comma separated list of mappings between values in the content and consumer tool specific values. The left part of the pair corresponds to the source content and is unique within the mapping and case-sensitive. The right part of the mapping belongs to the consumer tool. Several left parts can map to a single right part. The values in the left or the right part of the mapping may contain spaces; in that case they MUST be delimited by quotation marks, that is pairs of APOSTROPHE (U+0027) or QUOTATION MARK (U+0022).

Note:

Although the `domainMapping` attribute it is optional, its usage is recommended. Many commercial machine translation systems use their own domain definitions; the `domainMapping` attribute will foster interoperability between these definitions and metadata items like `keywords` or `dcterms.subject` in Web pages or other types of content.

Values used in the `domainMapping` attribute are arbitrary strings. In some consumer systems or existing content, the domain may be identified via an IRI like `http://example.com/domains/automotive` . The `domainMapping` allows for using IRIs too. For the mapping, they are regarded as ordinary string values.

Note:

Although the focus of ITS 2.0, and some of the usage scenarios addressed in ITS 2.0 High-level Usage Scenarios ) is on â€œsingle engineâ€ environments, ITS 2.0 - for example in the context of the Domain data category - can accommodate "workflow/multi engine" scenarios.

Example:

- A scenario involves Machine Translation (MT) engines A and B. The domain labels used by engine A follow the naming scheme A_123, the one for engine B follow the naming scheme B_456.

- A `domainMapping` like the following is in place: domainMapping="'sports law' Legal, 'property law' Legal"

- Engine A maps 'Legal' to A_4711, Engine B maps 'Legal' to B_42.

Thus, ITS does not encode a process or workflow (like "Use MT engine A with domain A_4711, and use MT engine B with domain A_42"). Rather, it encodes information that can be used in workflows.

Example 53: The 54: The `domainRule` element

The `domainRule` element expresses that the content of the HTML `body` element is in the domain expressed by the HTML `meta` element with the `name` attribute, value `keywords` . The </its:rules> `domainPointer` attribute points to that `meta` element.

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"

    "color: #F5844C">xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

    "color: #000096"><its:domainRule selector="/h:html/h:body"

    "color: #F5844C">domainPointer="/h:html/h:head/h:meta[@name='keywords']/@content"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-domain-1.xml ]

Example 54: The 55: The `domainRule` element

The `domainRule` element expresses that the content of the HTML `body` element is in the domain expressed by associated values. The `domainPointer` attribute points to the values in the source content. In this case it points to the `meta` elements with the `name` attribute set to "keywords" or to "dcterms.subject". These elements hold the values in their `content` attributes. The `domainMapping` attribute contains the comma separated list of mappings. In the example, "automotive" is available in the source content, and "auto" is used within the consumer tool, e.g. a machine translation system. system.

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"

    "color: #F5844C">xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

    "color: #000096"><its:domainRule selector="/h:html/h:body"

    "color: #F5844C">domainPointer="/h:html/h:head/h:meta[@name='dcterms.subject' or @name='keywords']/@content"

    "color: #F5844C">domainMapping="automotive auto, medical medicine, 'criminal law' law, 'property law' law"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-domain-2.xml ]

Note:

In HTML, one possible way how to express domain information is a `meta` element with the `name` attribute set to "keywords", see standard metadata names in HTML . Alternatively, following the process for other metadata names the extension value of "dcterms.subject" can be used. The usage of both "keywords" and "dcterms.subject" is shown in example Example 54 55 .

In the area of machine translation (e.g. machine translation systems or systems harvesting content for machine translation training), there is no agreed upon set of value sets for domain. Nevertheless it is recommended to use a small set of values both in source content and within consumer tools, to foster interoperability. If larger value sets are needed (e.g. detailed terms in the law or medical domain), mappings to the smaller value set needed for interoperability should be provided. An example would be a `domainMapping` attribute for generalizing the law domain: `domainMapping="'criminal law' law, 'property law' law, 'contract law' law"` .

It is possible to have more than one domain associated with a piece of content. For example, if the consumer tool is a statistical machine translation engine, it could include corpora from all domains available in the source content in training the machine translation engine.

The consumer machine translation engine might choose to ignore the domain and take a one size fits all approach, or may be selective in which domains to use, based on the range of content marked with domain. For example, if the content has hundreds of sentences marked with domain "automotive" and "medical", but only a couple of sentences marked with additional domains "criminal law" and "property law", the consumer tool may opt to include its domains "auto" and "medicine", but not "law", since the extra training resources do not justify the improvement in the output.

### 8.9 Text Analysis

#### 8.9.1 Definition

The Text Analysis data category is used to annotate content with lexical or conceptual information for the purpose of contextual disambiguation. This information can be provided by so-called text analysis software agents such as named entity recognizers, lexical concept disambiguators, etc., and is represented by either string valued or IRI references to possible resource descriptions. Example: A named entity recognizer provides the information that the string "Dublin" in a certain context denotes a town in Ireland.

While text analysis can be done by humans, this data category is targeted more at software agents.

The information can be used for several purposes, including, but not limited to:

- Informing a human agent such as a translator that a certain fragment of textual content (so-called text analysis target) is may follow specific translation rules. Examples: proper names, brands, or officially regulated expressions.

- Informing a software agent such as a content management system about the conceptual type of a textual entity to enable special processing. Examples: places, personal names, product names, or geographic names, chemical compounds, protein names, are situated in a specific index.

The data category provides three pieces of annotation: confidence, entity type or concept class, entity identifier or concept identifier as specified in the following table.

Information | Description | Value | Example | Comments
Text analysis confidence | The confidence of the agent (that produced the annotation)in its own computation | The XML Schema double data type with the constraining facets minInclusive set to 0 and maxInclusive set to 1 | 0.5647346 | The confidence value applies to two pieces of information (see following rows in this table). This is opposed to termConfidence which is part of the Terminology data category. termConfidence represents the confidence in just a single piece of information: the decision whether something is a term or not (term). termConfidence does not relate to the confidence about additional information about the term that can be encoded with `termInfoRef` .
Entity type / concept class | The type of entity, or concept class of the text analysis target | IRI | http://nerd.eurecom.fr/ontology#Location |
Entity / concept identifier | A unique identifier for the text analysis target | Mode 1: Identifier (string value) of the collection source + identifier of the concept in that collection | "Wordnet3.0" to identify the collection resource; "301467919" to identify a synset in Wordnet3.0 | Mode 1 and mode 2 are mutually exclusive. They MUST NOT be used at the same time for the same text analysis target/node.
Mode 2: Identifier ( IRI) of the text analysis target | http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dublin

Note:

The use case for Text Analysis is distinct from that for the Terminology data category. Text Analysis informs human agents or software agents in cases where either explicit terminology information is not (yet) available, or would not be appropriate, e.g. conceptual information for general vocabulary.

Text Analysis support is achieved by associating a fragment of text with an external resource that can be interpreted by a language review agent. The agent may for example use the web resource to disambiguate the meaning or lexical choice of the fragment, and thereby contributing to its correct translation. The web resource may as well provide information on appropriate synonyms and example usage. This is for example the case if the web resource is WordNet [WordNet] . In the case of a concept class , the external resource may provide a formalized conceptual definition arranged in a hierarchical framework of related concepts. In the case of a named entity, the external resource may provide a full-fledged description of the associated real world entity.

Extended example: The word 'City' in the fragment 'I am going to the City' may be enhanced by one of the following:

- one of WordNet's synsets that can be represented by 'city'

- an ontological concept of 'City' that could represent a subclass of 'Populated Place' as a concept

- the central area of a particular city - as interpreted as an entity instance (e.g. 'City of London')

Note:

A given document fragment can only be annotated once. When support for multiple annotations is necessary e.g. when all three of the annotations in the extended example above need to be accommodated - NIF 2.0, TEI Stand-off Markup , or other so-called stand-off annotation mechanisms should be considered.

Some external resources such as DBpedia also provide information for some ontological concepts and named entity definitions in multiple languages, and this facilitates translation even more because a possible link traversal would allow a direct access to foreign language labels for named entities.

#### 8.9.2 Implementation

The Text Analysis data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on an individual element. There is no inheritance.

Note:

This specification defines a normative way to represent text analysis information in XML and HTML locally .However, text analysis information can also be represented in other formats, e.g. JSON .The Internationalization Tag Set Interest Group maintains a description of such alternative serializations .Readers of this specification are encouraged to evaluate whether that description fulfills their needs and to provide comments in the ITS IG mailing list (public archive) .

GLOBAL: The `textAnalysisRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute that contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- At least one of the following:

  - A `taClassRefPointer` attribute that contains a relative selector pointing to a node that holds an IRI which implements the entity type / concept class information.

  - Exactly one of the following:

    - When using identification mode 1 : A `taSourcePointer` attribute that contains a relative selector to a node that holds the identifier of the collection source ; and a `taIdentPointer` attribute that contains a relative selector to a node that holds the identifier of the concept in the collection .

    - When using identification mode 2 : A `taIdentRefPointer` attribute that contains a relative selector pointing to a node that holds an IRI that holds the identifier of the text analysis target .

For an example, see Example 57 58 .

LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the Text Analysis data category:

- An optional `taConfidence` attribute that implements the text analysis confidence .

- At least one of the following:

  - A `taClassRef` attribute that holds an IRI, which implements the Entity type / concept class information.

  - Exactly one of the following:

    - When using identification mode 1 : A `taSource` attribute that holds the identifier of the collection source , and a `taIdent` attribute that holds the identifier of the concept in the collection .

    - When using identification mode 2 : A `taIdentRef` attribute that holds the identifier of the text analysis target .

Any node selected by the Text Analysis data category with the `taConfidence` attribute specified MUST be contained in an element with the `annotatorsRef` (or in HTML `its-annotators-ref` ) attribute specified for the Text Analysis data category. For more information, see Section 5.8: ITS 5.8: ITS Tools Annotation .

Example 55: 56: Local mixed usage of Usage of `taClassRef` , and `taIdentRef` in HTML. is the > </html>

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    "color: #000096"><html lang="en" its-annotators-ref="text-analysis|http://enrycher.ijs.si">

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset="utf-8" />

    "color: #000096"><title>Text analysis: Local Test</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p><span

    "color: #F5844C">its-ta-confidence="0.7"

    "color: #F5844C">its-ta-class-ref="http://nerd.eurecom.fr/ontology#Location"

    "color: #F5844C">its-ta-ident-ref="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dublin">Dublin</span>
          is the <span

    "color: #F5844C">its-ta-source="Wordnet3.0"

    "color: #F5844C">its-ta-ident="301467919"

    "color: #F5844C">its-ta-confidence="0.5"
              >capital</span> of Ireland.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-text-analysis-html5-local-1.html ]

Note:

For expressing Entity type / concept class information, implementers are encouraged to use an existing repository of entity types such as the Named Entity Recognition and Disambiguation [NERD] ontology. Of course this requires that the repository satisfies the constraints imposed by the text analysis data category (e.g. use of IRIs).

Various target types can be expressed via Entity type / concept class : : types of entities, types of lexical concepts, or ontology concepts. While a relationship between these types may exist, this specification does not prescribe a way of automatically inferring a one target type from another.

Note:

Text Analysis is primarily intended for textual content. Nevertheless, the data category can also be used in multi-media contexts. Example: objects on an image could be annotated with DBpedia IRIs.

When serializing the Text Analysis data category markup in HTML, one way to serialize the markup is RDFa Lite or Microdata. This serialization is due to the existing search and crawling infrastructure that is able to consume these formats. For other usage scenarios, e.g. add text annotation to feed into a subsequent terminology process, using ITS Text Analysis data category markup natively is preferred. In this way, the markup easily can be stripped out again later.

Example 56: 57: Local mixed usage of `taClassRefPointer` , and `taIdentRefPointer` , in HTML+RDFa Lite.

See Example 57 58 for the companion document with the mapping data. is the capital of Ireland. </html>

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    "color: #000096"><html lang=en>

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><link href=EX-text-analysis-html5-rdfa.xml rel=its-rules>

    "color: #000096"><title>Entity: Local Test</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p><span property="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name"

    "color: #F5844C">about="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dublin"

    "color: #F5844C">typeof="http:/nerd.eurecom.fr/ontology#Location">Dublin</span> is
          the capital of Ireland.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-text-analysis-html5-rdfa.html ]

Example 57: 58: Companion document, having the mapping data for Example 56 57 .

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:textAnalysisRule selector="//*[@typeof and @about]"

    "color: #F5844C">taClassRefPointer="@typeof" taIdentRefPointer="@about"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-text-analysis-html5-rdfa.xml ]

### 8.10 Locale Filter

#### 8.10.1 Definition

The Locale Filter data category specifies that a node is only applicable to certain locales.

This data category can be used for several purposes, including, but not limited to:

- Include a legal notice only in locales for certain regions.

- Drop editorial notes from all localized output.

The Locale Filter data category associates with each selected node a filter type and a list of extended language ranges conforming to [BCP47] .

The list is comma-separated and can include the wildcard extended language range "*". The list can also be empty. Whitespace surrounding language ranges is ignored.

The type can take the values "include" or "exclude".

- A single wildcard "*" with a type "include" indicates that the selected content applies to all locales.

- A single wildcard "*" with a type "exclude" indicates that the selected content applies to no locale.

- An empty string with a type "include" indicates that the selected content applies to no locale.

- An empty string with a type "exclude" indicates that the selected content applies to all locales.

- Otherwise, with a type "include", the selected content applies to the locales for which the language tag has a match in the list when using the Extended Filtering algorithm defined in [BCP47] .

- If, instead, the type is "exclude", the selected content applies to the locales for which the language tag does not have a match in the list when using the Extended Filtering algorithm defined in [BCP47] .

#### 8.10.2 Implementation

The Locale Filter data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on an individual element. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements and attributes. The default is that the language range is "*" and the type is "include".

GLOBAL: The `localeFilterRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- A required `localeFilterList` attribute with a comma-separated list of extended language ranges, or an empty string value.

- An optional `localeFilterType` attribute with a value "include" or "exclude".

Example 58: The 59: The Locale Filter data category expressed globally

This document contain three `localeFilterRule` elements: The first one specifies that the elements `legalnotice` with a `role` set to "Canada" apply only to the Canadian locales. The second one specifies that the elements `legalnotice` with a `role` set to "nonCanada" apply to all locales that are not Canadian. And the third one specifies that none of the specifies that none of the `remark` elements apply to any locale.

    "color: #000096"><book xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><info>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:localeFilterRule selector="//legalnotice[@role='Canada']"

    "color: #F5844C">localeFilterList="*-CA"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:localeFilterRule selector="//legalnotice[@role='nonCanada']"

    "color: #F5844C">localeFilterList="*-CA" localeFilterType="exclude"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:localeFilterRule selector="//remark"

    "color: #F5844C">localeFilterList=""/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><legalnotice role="Canada">

    "color: #000096"><para>This notice is only for Canadian locales.</para>

    "color: #000096"></legalnotice>

    "color: #000096"><legalnotice role="nonCanada">

    "color: #000096"><para>This notice is for locales that are non-Canadian locales.</para>

    "color: #000096"></legalnotice>

    "color: #000096"><remark>Note: This section will be written later.</remark>

    "color: #000096"></info>

    "color: #000096"></book>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locale-filter-selector-1.xml ]

LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the Locale Filter data category:

- A `localeFilterList` attribute with a comma-separated list of extended language ranges, or an empty string value.

- An optional `localeFilterType` attribute with a value "include" or "exclude".

Example 59: The 60: The Locale Filter data category expressed locally in HTML

In this example the Locale Filter data category is used to select different sections depending on whether the locale is a Canadian one or not. one or not.

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    <html>

     "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>Locale filter</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><div its-locale-filter-list="*-ca">

    "color: #000096"><p>Text for Canadian locales.</p>

    "color: #000096"></div>

    "color: #000096"><div its-locale-filter-list="*-ca" its-locale-filter-type="exclude">

    "color: #000096"><p>Text for non-Canadian locales.</p>

    "color: #000096"></div>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-locale-filter-local-html5-1.html ]

Example 60: The 61: The Locale Filter data category expressed locally in XML locally in XML

    "color: #000096"><book xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><info>

    "color: #000096"><legalnotice its:localeFilterList="en-CA, fr-CA">

    "color: #000096"><para>This legal notice is only for English and French Canadian locales.</para>

    "color: #000096"></legalnotice>

    "color: #000096"></info>

    "color: #000096"></book>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locale-filter-attribute-1.xml ]

### 8.11 Provenance

#### 8.11.1 Definition

The Provenance data category is used to communicate the identity of agents that have been involved in the translation of the content or the revision of the translated content. This allows translation and translation revision consumers, such as post-editors, translation quality reviewers or localization workflow managers, to assess how the performance of these agents may impact the quality of the translation. Translation and translation revision agents can be identified as a person, a piece of software or an organization that has been involved in providing a translation that resulted in the selected content.

This data category offers three types of information. First, it allows to identify translation agents. Second, it allows to identify revision agents. Third, if provenance information is needed that includes temporal or sequence information about translation processes (e.g. multiple revision cycles) or requires agents that support a wider range of activities, the data category offers a mechanism to refer to external provenance information.

Note:

The specification does not define the format of external provenance information, but it is recommended that an open provenance or change logging format be used, e.g. the W3C provenance data model [PROV-DM] .

Translation or translation revision tools, such as machine translation engines or computer assisted translation tools, may offer an easy way to create this information. Translation tools can then present this information to post-editors or translation workflow managers. Web applications may to present such information to consumers of translated documents.

The data category defines seven pieces of information:

Information | Description | Value
Human provenance information | Identification of a human translation agent | A string or an IRI (only for the `Ref` attributes)
Organisational provenance information | Identification of an organization acting as a translation agent | A string or an IRI (only for the `Ref` attributes)
Tool related provenance information | Identification of a software tool that was used in translating the selected content | A string or an IRI (only for the `Ref` attributes)
Human revision provenance information | Identification of a human translation revision agent | A string or an IRI (only for the `Ref` attributes)
Organisational revision provenance information | Identification of an organization acting as a translation revision agent | A string or an IRI (only for the `Ref` attributes)
Tool related revision provenance information | Identification of a software tool that was used in revising the translation of the selected content | A string or an IRI (only for the `Ref` attributes)
Reference to external provenance information | A reference to external provenance information | A space (U+0020) separated list of IRIs

Note:

The tool related provenance and tool related revision provenance pieces of information are not meant to express information about tools used for creating ITS annotations themselves. For this purpose, ITS 2.0 provides a separate mechanism. See Section 5.8: ITS 5.8: ITS Tools Annotation for details, especially the note on annotatorsRef usage scenarios .

#### 8.11.2 Implementation

The Provenance data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on individual elements. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements and attributes.

GLOBAL: The `provRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- A `provenanceRecordsRefPointer` attribute that contains a relative selector pointing to a node containing a list of provenance records . These are related to the content selected via the `selector` attribute.

Example 61: The 62: The Provenance data category used globally with standoff provenance records.

This example expresses provenance information in a standoff manner using `provenanceRecords` elements. The `provRule` element specifies that for any element with a `ref` attribute, that `ref` attribute holds a reference to an associated `provenanceRecords` element where the provenance information is listed. The `legalnotice` element has been revised two times. Hence, the related `provenanceRecords` element contains two This text was translated directly by a person. </text> contains two `provenanceRecord` child elements.

    "color: #000096"><text xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"

    "color: #F5844C">xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><dc:creator>John Doe</dc:creator>

    "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecords xml:id="pr1">

    "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecord

    "color: #F5844C">toolRef="http://www.onlinemtex.com/2012/7/25/wsdl/"

    "color: #F5844C">org="acme-CAT-v2.3"

    "color: #F5844C">revToolRef="http://www.mycat.com/v1.0/download"

    "color: #F5844C">revOrg="acme-CAT-v2.3"

    "color: #F5844C">provRef="http://www.examplelsp.com/excontent987/production/prov/e6354"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:provenanceRecords>

    "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecords xml:id="pr2">

    "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecord

    "color: #F5844C">person="John Doe"

    "color: #F5844C">orgRef="http://www.legaltrans-ex.com/"

    "color: #F5844C">revPerson="Tommy Atkins"

    "color: #F5844C">revOrgRef="http://www.vistatec.com/"

    "color: #F5844C">provRef="http://www.vistatec.com/job-12-7-15-X31/reviewed/prov/re8573469"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecord

    "color: #F5844C">revPerson="John Smith"

    "color: #F5844C">revOrgRef="http://john-smith.qa.example.com"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:provenanceRecords>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:provRule selector="//*[@ref]" provenanceRecordsRefPointer="@ref"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><title>Translation Revision Provenance Agent: Global Test in XML</title>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><par ref="#pr1"> This paragraph was translated from the machine.</par>

    "color: #000096"><legalnotice postediting-by="http://www.vistatec.com/" ref="#pr2">This text was
          translated directly by a person.</legalnotice>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></text>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-provenance-global-1.xml ]

LOCAL: Using the inline markup to represent the data category locally is limited to a single occurrence for a given content (e.g. one cannot have different `toolRef` attributes applied to the same span of text because the inner-most one would override the others). A local standoff markup is provided to allow such cases.

The following local markup is available for the Provenance data category:

- Either (inline markup): at least one of the following attributes:

  - A `person` or `personRef` attribute that implement the human provenance information .

  - An `org` or `orgRef` attribute that implement the organisational provenance information .

  - A `tool` or `toolRef` attribute that implement the tool related provenance information .

  - A `revPerson` or `revPersonRef` attribute that implement the human revision provenance information .

  - A `revOrg` or `revOrgRef` attribute that implement the organisational revision provenance information .

  - A `revTool` or `revToolRef` attribute that implement the tool related revision provenance information .

  - A `provRef` attribute that implements the reference to external provenance descriptions .

- Or (standoff markup):

  - A `provenanceRecordsRef` attribute. Its value is a IRI pointing to the `provenanceRecords` element containing the list of provenance records related to this content.

  - An element `provenanceRecords` which contains:

    - One or more elements `provenanceRecord` , each of which contains at least one of the following attributes:

      - A `person` or `personRef` attribute that implement the human provenance information .

      - An `org` or `orgRef` attribute that implement the organisational provenance information .

      - A `tool` or `toolRef` attribute that implement the tool related provenance information .

      - A `revPerson` or `revPersonRef` attribute that implement the human revision provenance information .

      - A `revOrg` or `revOrgRef` attribute that implement the organisational revision provenance information .

      - A `revTool` or `revToolRef` attribute that implement the tool related revision provenance information .

      - A `provRef` attribute that implements the reference to external provenance descriptions .

  Note:

  The order of `provenanceRecord` elements within a `provenanceRecords` element should reflect the order with which they were added to the document, with the most recently added one listed first.

  When the attributes `person` , `personRef` , `org` , `orgRef` , `tool` , `toolRef` , `revPerson` , `revPersonRef` , `revOrg` , `revOrgRef` , `revTool` , `revToolRef` and `provRef` are used in a standoff manner, the information they carry pertains to the content of the element that refers to the standoff annotation, not to the content of the element `provenanceRecord` where they are declared.

  In HTML the standoff markup MUST either be stored inside a `script` element. It element in the same HTML document, or can be linked from any `provenanceRecordsRef` to an external XML or HTML file with the standoff inside. If standoff is inside a `script` element, that element MUST have a `type` attribute with the value `application/its+xml` . Its `id` attribute MUST be set to the same value as the `xml:id` attribute of the `provenanceRecords` element it contains.

Example 62: Annotating 63: Annotating provenance information in XML with local inline markup

The provenance related attributes at the `par` and `legalnotice` elements are used to associate the provenance information directly with the content of these elements. > > </text> directly with the content of these elements.

    "color: #000096"><text xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"

    "color: #F5844C">xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><title>Translation Revision Provenance Agent: Local Test in XML</title>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><par its:toolRef="http://www.onlinemtex.com/2012/7/25/wsdl/"

    "color: #F5844C">its:org="acme-CAT-v2.3"

    "color: #F5844C">its:revToolRef="http://www.mycat.com/v1.0/download"

    "color: #F5844C">its:revOrg="acme-CAT-v2.3"

    "color: #F5844C">its:provRef="http://www.example.lsp1.com/prov/e6354 http://www.example.lsp2.com/prov/e7738"
          >This paragraph was translated from the machine.</par>

    "color: #000096"><legalnotice its:person="John Doe"

    "color: #F5844C">its:orgRef="http://www.legaltrans-ex.com/"

    "color: #F5844C">its:provRef="http://www.examplelsp.com/excontent987/legal/prov/e6354"

    "color: #F5844C">its:revPerson="Tommy Atkins"

    "color: #F5844C">its:revOrgRef="http://www.vistatec.com/"
          >This text was translated directly by a person.</legalnotice>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></text>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-provenance-local-1.xml ]

Example 63: Annotating 64: Annotating provenance information in HTML with local inline markup

In this example several spans of content are associated with provenance information. > > </html> information.

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    "color: #000096"><html lang=en>

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>Provenance Agent: Local Test in HTML5</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p its-tool-ref="http://www.onlinemtex.com/2012/7/25/wsdl/"

    "color: #F5844C">its-org="acme-CAT-v2.3"

    "color: #F5844C">its-prov-ref="http://www.examplelsp.com/excontent987/production/prov/e6354"

    "color: #F5844C">its-rev-org="acme-CAT-v2.3"
          >This paragraph was translated from the machine.</p>

    "color: #000096"><p class="legal-notice"

    "color: #F5844C">its-person="John Doe"

    "color: #F5844C">its-org-ref="http://www.legaltrans-ex.com/"

    "color: #F5844C">its-prov-ref="http://www.examplelsp.com/excontent987/legal/prov/e6354"

    "color: #F5844C">its-rev-person="Tommy Atkins" its-rev-org-ref="http://www.vistatec.com/"
         >This text was translated directly by a person.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-provenance-html5-local-1.html ]

Example 64: Annotating 65: Annotating provenance information in HTML with local standoff markup

The following example shows a document using local standoff markup to encode provenance information. The `p` elements delimit the content to markup. They hold `its-provenance-records-ref` attributes that point to the standoff information inside the standoff information inside the `script` elements.

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    <html>

    </html>

      "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>Test</title>

    "color: #000096"><script id=pr1 type=application/its+xml>

    "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecords xml:id="pr1" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecord

    "color: #F5844C">toolRef="http://www.onlinemtex.com/2012/7/25/wsdl/"

    "color: #F5844C">org="acme-CAT-v2.3"

    "color: #F5844C">provRef="http://www.examplelsp.com/excontent987/production/prov/e6354"

    "color: #F5844C">revToolRef="http://www.mycat.com/v1.0/download"

    "color: #F5844C">revOrg="acme-CAT-v2.3" />

    "color: #000096"></its:provenanceRecords>

    "color: #000096"></script>

    "color: #000096"><script id=pr2 type=aplication/its+xml>

    "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecords xml:id="pr2" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecord

    "color: #F5844C">person="John Doe"

    "color: #F5844C">orgRef="http://www.legaltrans-ex.com/"

    "color: #F5844C">provRef="http://www.examplelsp.com/excontent987/legal/prov/e6354"

    "color: #F5844C">revPerson="Tommy Atkins"

    "color: #F5844C">revOrgRef="http://www.vistatec.com/" />

    "color: #000096"><its:provenanceRecord

    "color: #F5844C">revPerson="John Smith"

    "color: #F5844C">revOrgRef="http://john-smith.qa.example.com" />

    "color: #000096"></its:provenanceRecords>

    "color: #000096"></script>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p its-provenance-records-ref="#pr1">This paragraph was translated from the machine.</p>

    "color: #000096"><p its-provenance-records-ref="#pr2">This text was translated directly by a person.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-provenance-html5-local-2.html ]

### 8.12 External Resource

#### 8.12.1 Definition

The External Resource data category indicates that a node represents or references potentially translatable data in a resource outside the document. Examples of such resources are external images and audio or video files.

#### 8.12.2 Implementation

The External Resource data category can be expressed only with global rules. There is no inheritance. There is no default.

GLOBAL: The `externalResourceRefRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- A required `externalResourceRefPointer` attribute that contains a relative selector pointing to a node that provides the IRI of the external resource.

Example 65: The 66: The `externalResourceRefRule` element

The `externalResourceRefRule` element expresses that the `imagedata` , `audiodata` and `videodata` elements contain references to external resources. These references are expressed via a `fileref` attribute. The `externalResourceRefPointer` attribute points to that attribute. This video illustrates the proper way to assemble an inverting time distortion device. It is imperative that the primary and secondary temporal attribute points to that attribute.

    "color: #000096"><doc xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"

    "color: #F5844C">xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:externalResourceRefRule

    "color: #F5844C">selector="//db:imagedata | //db:audiodata |  //db:videodata"

    "color: #F5844C">externalResourceRefPointer="@fileref"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><db:mediaobject>

    "color: #000096"><db:videoobject>

    "color: #000096"><db:videodata fileref="movie.avi"/>

    "color: #000096"></db:videoobject>

    "color: #000096"><db:imageobject>

    "color: #000096"><db:imagedata fileref="movie-frame.gif"/>

    "color: #000096"></db:imageobject>

    "color: #000096"><db:textobject>

    "color: #000096"><db:para>This video illustrates the proper way to assemble an inverting
            time distortion device. </db:para>

    "color: #000096"><db:warning>

    "color: #000096"><db:para> It is imperative that the primary and secondary temporal

              couplings not be mounted in the wrong order. Temporal catastrophe is
              the likely result. The future you destroy may be your own.

              the likely result. The future you destroy may be your own. </db:para>

    "color: #000096"></db:warning>

    "color: #000096"></db:textobject>

    "color: #000096"></db:mediaobject>

    </doc>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-externalresource-1.xml ]

Example 66: Two 67: Two `externalResourceRefRule` elements used for external resources associated with HTML `video` elements

The two `externalResourceRefRule` elements select the `src` and the `poster` attributes at HTML `video` elements. These attributes identify different external resources, and at the same time contain the references to these resources. For this reason, the `externalResourceRefPointer` attributes point to the value of `src` and `poster` respectively. The underlying HTML document is given in document is given in Example 68 .

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"

    "color: #F5844C">xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

    "color: #000096"><its:externalResourceRefRule selector="//html:video/@src"

    "color: #F5844C">externalResourceRefPointer="."/>

    "color: #000096"><its:externalResourceRefRule selector="//html:video/@poster"

    "color: #F5844C">externalResourceRefPointer="."/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-externalresource-2.xml ]

Example 67: An 68: An HTML document that can be used for Example 66 67 .

    <!DOCTYPE
    html>
    <html
    lang
    =
    en
    >
    <head>
    <meta
    charset
    =
    utf-8
    >
    <title>
    Video
    element
    example
    </title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <video
    height
    =
    360
    poster
    =
    video-image.png
    src
    =
    http://www.example.com/video/v2.mp
    width
    =
    640
    >
    <p>
    If
    your
    browser
    doesn't
    support
    the
    <code>
    video
    </code>
    element,
    you
    can
    <a
    href
    =
    http://www.example.com/video/v2.mp
    >
    download
    the
    video
    </a>
    instead.
    </p>
    </video>
    </body>
    </html>

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    "color: #000096"><html lang=en>

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>Video element example</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><video

    "color: #F5844C">height=360

    "color: #F5844C">poster=video-image.png

    "color: #F5844C">src=http://www.example.com/video/v2.mp

    "color: #F5844C">width=640>

    "color: #000096"><p>If your browser doesn't support the <code>video</code> element, you can <a href=http://www.example.com/video/v2.mp>download the video</a> instead.</p>

    "color: #000096"></video>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-externalresource-html5-1.html ]

### 8.13 Target Pointer

#### 8.13.1 Definition

Some formats, such as those designed for localization or for multilingual resources, hold the same content in different languages inside a single document. The Target Pointer data category is used to associate the node of a given source content (i.e. the content to be translated) and the node of its corresponding target content (i.e. the source content translated into a given target language).

This specification makes no provision regarding the presence of the target nodes or their content: A target node may or may not exist and it may or may not have content.

This data category can be used for several purposes, including but not limited to:

- Extract the source content to translate and put back the translation at its proper location.

- Compare source and target content for quality verification.

- Re-use existing translations when localizing the new version of an existing document.

- Access aligned bi-lingual content to build memories, or to train machine translation engines.

Note:

In general, it is recommended to avoid developing formats where the same content is stored in different languages in the same document, unless for very specific use cases. See the best practices â€œ Working with multilingual documents â€ from [XML i18n BP] for further guidance.

#### 8.13.2 Implementation

The Target Pointer data category can be expressed only with global rules. There is no inheritance. There is no default.

GLOBAL: The `targetPointerRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- A required `targetPointer` attribute. It contains a relative selector that points to the node for the target content corresponding to the selected source node.

Note:

The source node and the target node may be of different types, but the target node must be able to contain the same content of the source node (e.g. an attribute node cannot be the target node of a source node that is an element with children).

Example 68: Defining 69: Defining the target location of a source content with the </file> `targetPointerRule` element

    <file>
    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="/file" translate="no"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule selector="//source" translate="yes"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:targetPointerRule selector="//source" targetPointer="../target"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><entry id="one">

    "color: #000096"><source>Remember last folder</source>

    "color: #000096"><target/>

    "color: #000096"></entry>

    "color: #000096"><entry id="two">

    "color: #000096"><source>Custom file filter:</source>

    "color: #000096"><target/>

    "color: #000096"></entry>

    "color: #000096"></file>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-target-pointer-global-1.xml ]

### 8.14 Id Value

#### 8.14.1 Definition

The Id Value data category indicates a value that can be used as unique identifier for a given part of the content.

The recommended way to specify a unique identifier is to use `xml:id` [XML ID] or `id` in HTML (See the best practice â€œ Defining markup for unique identifiers â€ from [XML i18n BP] ). The `idValueRule` element is intended only as a fall-back mechanism for documents where unique identifiers are available with another construct.

Providing a unique identifier that is maintained in the original document can be useful for several purposes, for example:

- Allow automated alignment between different versions of the source document, or between source and translated documents.

- Improve the confidence in leveraged translation for exact matches.

- Provide back-tracking information between displayed text and source material when testing or debugging.

Note:

- The Id Value data category only provides for rules to be expressed at a global level. Locally, users are able to use `xml:id` (which is defined by XML) or `id` in HTML, or an attribute specific to the format in question (as in Example 71 72 ).

- Applying the Id Value data category to `xml:id` (in XML) or `id` (in HTML) attributes in global rules is not necessary, since these attributes are the recommended way to specify an identifier.

#### 8.14.2 Implementation

The id Value data category can be expressed only with global rules. There is no inheritance. There is no default.

GLOBAL: The `idValueRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- A required `idValue` attribute. It contains an XPath expression which constructs a string corresponding to the identifier of the node to which this rule applies. The identifier MUST be unique at least within the document. If the attribute `xml:id` is present or `id` in HTML for the selected node, the value of the `xml:id` attribute or `id` in HTML MUST take precedence over the `idValue` value.

Example 69: Pointing 70: Pointing to an ID value with the `idValueRule` element

The `idValueRule` element indicates that the unique identifier for each `<text>` element is the value of the attribute `name` of its parent element. </resources> its parent element.

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?>

    "color: #000096"><resources>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule translate="no" selector="/resources"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:translateRule translate="yes" selector="//text"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:idValueRule selector="//text" idValue="../@name"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><entry name="btn.OK">

    "color: #000096"><text>OK</text>

    "color: #000096"><pos>1, 1</pos>

    "color: #000096"><trig>sendOK</trig>

    "color: #000096"></entry>

    "color: #000096"><entry name="btn.CANCEL">

    "color: #000096"><text>Cancel</text>

    "color: #000096"><pos>2, 1</pos>

    "color: #000096"><trig>cancelAll</trig>

    "color: #000096"></entry>

    "color: #000096"></resources>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-idvalue-element-1.xml ]

Example 70: Constructing 71: Constructing ID values using the `idValueRule` element.

The `idValue` attribute allows to build composite values based on different attributes, element or event hard-coded text. Any of the String functions offered by XPath can be used. In the document below, the two elements `<text>` and `<desc>` are translatable, but they have only one corresponding identifier, the `name` attribute in their parent element.

To make sure the identifier is unique for both the content of `<text>` and the content of `<desc>` , the XPath expression `concat(../@name, '_t')` gives the identifier "settingsMissing_t" for the content of `<text>` and the expression `concat(../@name, '_d')` gives the identifier "settingsMissing_d" for the content of the content of `<desc>` .

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?>

    <doc>

        The module cannot find the default settings file. You need to
          re-initialize the system.

    </doc>

      "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:idValueRule selector="//text" idValue="concat(../@name, '_t')"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:idValueRule selector="//desc" idValue="concat(../@name, '_d')"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><msg name="settingsMissing">

    "color: #000096"><text>Can't find settings file.</text>

    "color: #000096"><desc>The module cannot find the default settings file. You need to
          re-initialize the system.</desc>

    "color: #000096"></msg>
    </doc>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-idvalue-element-2.xml ]

Example 71: Using 72: Using `xml:id` and `idValueRule`

When an `xml:id` attribute is present for a node selected by an `idValueRule` element, the value of `xml:id` takes precedence over the value defined by the `idValueRule` element. In the example below, the unique ID to use is â€œbtnAgainâ€ for the first `<res>` element, and â€œretryTipâ€ for the second â€œretryTipâ€ for the second `<res>` element.

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?>

    <file>

      click this to re-run the process with the current
        settings.
    </file>

      "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:idValueRule selector="//res" idValue="@name"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><res name="retryBtn" xml:id="btnAgain">Try Again</res>

    "color: #000096"><res name="retryTip">click this to re-run the process with the current
        settings.</res>

    "color: #000096"></file>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-idvalue-attribute-1.xml ]

### 8.15 Preserve Space

#### 8.15.1 Definition

The Preserve Space data category indicates how whitespace should be handled in content. The possible values for this data category are "default" and "preserve" and carry the same meaning as the corresponding values of the xml:space attribute. The default value is "default". The Preserve Space data category does not apply to HTML documents in HTML syntax.

#### 8.15.2 Implementation

The Preserve Space data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally using the `xml:space` attribute. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements and attributes.

Note:

The Preserve Space data category is not applicable to HTML documents in HTML synatx because `xml:space` (and by extension Preserve Space ) has no effect in documents parsed as text/html. However, the data category can be used in HTML in XHTML synatx .

GLOBAL: The `preserveSpaceRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- A required `space` attribute with the value "default" or "preserve".

Example 72: The 73: The Preserve Space data category expressed globally

The `preserveSpaceRule` element specifies that whitespace in all verse elements must be treated literally. elements must be treated literally.

    <book>
    "color: #000096"><info>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:preserveSpaceRule selector="//verse" space="preserve"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"></info>

    "color: #000096"><verse>

    â€™Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
     Did gyre and gimble in the wabe;
    All mimsy were the borogoves,
     And the mome raths outgrabe.

     "color: #000096"></verse>

    "color: #000096"></book>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-preservespace-global-1.xml ]

LOCAL: The `xml:space` attribute, as defined in section 2.10 of [XML 1.0] , maps exactly to the Preserve Space data category.

Example 73: The 74: The Preserve Space data category expressed locally

The standard `xml:space` attribute specifies that the whitespace in the verse element must be treated literally. verse element must be treated literally.

    <book>
    "color: #000096"><verse xml:space="preserve">

    'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
     Did gyre and gimble in the wabe;
    All mimsy were the borogoves,
     And the mome raths outgrabe.
    "color: #000096"></verse>

    "color: #000096"></book>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-preservespace-local-1.xml ]

### 8.16 Localization Quality Issue

#### 8.16.1 Definition

The Localization Quality Issue data category is used to express information related to localization quality assessment tasks. Such tasks can be conducted on the translation of some source text into a target language or on the source text itself where its quality may impact on the localization process.

This data category can be used in a number of ways, including the following example scenarios:

- An automatic quality checking tool flags a number of potential quality issues in an XML or HTML file and marks them up using ITS 2.0 markup. Other tools in the workflow then examine this markup and decide whether the file needs to be reviewed manually or passed on for further processing without a manual review stage.

- A quality assessment process identifies a number of issues and adds the ITS markup to a rendered HTML preview of an XML file along with CSS styling that highlights these issues. The resulting HTML file is then sent back to the translator to assist his or her revision efforts.

- A human reviewer working with a web-based tool adds quality markup, including comments and suggestions, to a localized text as part of the review process. A subsequent process examines this markup to ensure that changes were made.

Note:

What issues should be considered in quality assessment tasks depends on the nature of the project and tools used. For more information on setting translation project specifications and determining quality expectations, implementers are encouraged to consult [ISO/TS 11669:2002] . Details about translation specifications are available at [Structured Specifications] . While these documents do not directly address the definition of quality metrics, they provide useful guidance for implementers interested in determining which localization quality issue values should be used for specific scenarios.

The data category defines five pieces of information:

Information | Description | Value | Notes
Type | A set of broad types of issues into which tool-specific issues can be categorized. | One of the values defined in list of type values . | ITS 2.0-compliant tools that use these types MUST map their internal values to these types. If the type of the issue is set to `uncategorized` , a comment MUST be specified as well.
Comment | A human-readable description of the quality issue. | Text |
Severity | A decimal value representing the severity of the issue, as defined by the model generating the metadata. | A rational number in the interval 0 to 100 (inclusive). The value follows the XML Schema double data type with the constraining facets minInclusive set to 0 and maxInclusive set to 100. The higher values represent greater severity. | It is up to tools to map the values of this to their own system to this scale. If needed, the original value can be passed along using a custom namespace for XML, or a `data-` attribute for HTML.
Profile Reference | A reference to a document describing the quality assessment model used for the issue. | An IRI pointing to the reference document. | The use of resolvable IRI is strongly recommended as it provides a way for human evaluators to learn more about the quality issues in use.
Enabled | A flag indicating whether the issue is enabled or not. | A value `yes` or `no` , with the default value being `yes` . | This flag is used to activate or deactivate issues. There is no prescribed behavior associated with activated or deactivated issues. One example of usage is a tool that allows the user to deactivate false positives so they are not displayed again each time the document is re-checked.

#### 8.16.2 Implementation

The Localization Quality Issue data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on individual elements. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements, but excluding attributes.

GLOBAL: The `locQualityIssueRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- Either (in parallel to local inline markup )

  - At least one of the following attributes:

    - A `locQualityIssueType` attribute that implements the type information .

    - A `locQualityIssueComment` attribute that implements the comment information .

  - An optional `locQualityIssueSeverity` attribute that implements the severity information .

  - An optional `locQualityIssueProfileRef` attribute that implements the profile reference information .

  - An optional `locQualityIssueEnabled` attribute that implements the enabled information .

- Or (standoff markup) exactly one of the following:

  - A `locQualityIssuesRef` attribute. Its value is an IRI pointing to the `locQualityIssues` element containing the list of issues related to this content.

  - A `locQualityIssuesRefPointer` attribute that contains a relative selector pointing to a node with the exact same semantics as `locQualityIssuesRef` .

Note:

The attribute `locQualityIssuesRefPointer` does not apply to HTML as local markup is provided for direct annotation in HTML.

Example 74: Annotating 75: Annotating an issue in XML with `locQualityIssueRule` element

The `locQualityIssueRule` element associates the issue information with the value of the value of the `text` attribute.

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?>

    <doc>

    </doc>

      "color: #000096"><header>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssueRule selector="//image[@id='i1']/@text"

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueType="typographical"

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueComment="Sentence without capitalization"

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueSeverity="50"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"></header>

    "color: #000096"><para>Click the button <image id="i1" src="button.png"

    "color: #F5844C">text="start button"/>.</para>
    </doc>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locQualityIssue-global-1.xml ]

Example 75: Annotating 76: Annotating an issue in XML with local standoff markup and a global rule

The following example shows a document using local standoff markup to encode several issues. But because, in this case, the `mrk` element does not allow attributes from another namespace we cannot use `locQualityIssuesRef` directly. Instead, a global rule is used to map the function of `locQualityIssuesRef` to a non-ITS construct, here the `ref` attribute of any `mrk` elements that has its attribute `type` set to "x-itslq". </doc> set to "x-itslq".

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?>

    "color: #000096"><doc xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><file>

    "color: #000096"><header>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssueRule selector="//mrk[@type='x-itslq']"

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssuesRefPointer="@ref"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"></header>

    "color: #000096"><unit id="1">

    "color: #000096"><segment>

    "color: #000096"><source>This is the content</source>

    "color: #000096"><target><mrk type="x-itslq" ref="#lq1">c'es</mrk> le contenu</target>

    "color: #000096"></segment>

    "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssues xml:id="lq1">

    "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssue locQualityIssueType="misspelling"

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueComment="'c'es' is unknown. Could be 'c'est'"

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueSeverity="50"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssue locQualityIssueType="typographical"

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueComment="Sentence without capitalization"

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueSeverity="30"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:locQualityIssues>

    "color: #000096"></unit>

    "color: #000096"></file>
    </doc>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locQualityIssue-global-2.xml ]

LOCAL: Using the inline markup to represent the data category locally is limited to a single occurrence for a given content (e.g. one cannot have different `locQualityIssueType` attributes applied to the same span of text because the inner-most one would override the others). A local standoff markup is provided to allow such cases.

The following local markup is available for the Localization Quality Issue data category:

- Either (inline markup):

  - At least one of the following attributes:

    - A `locQualityIssueType` attribute that implements the type information .

    - A `locQualityIssueComment` attribute that implements the comment information .

  - An optional `locQualityIssueSeverity` attribute that implements the severity information .

  - An optional `locQualityIssueProfileRef` attribute that implements the profile reference information .

  - An optional `locQualityIssueEnabled` attribute that implements the enabled information .

- Or (standoff markup):

  - A `locQualityIssuesRef` attribute. Its value is an IRI pointing to the `locQualityIssues` element containing the list of issues related to this content.

  - An element `locQualityIssues` with a `xml:id` attribute set to the identifier specified in the `locQualityIssuesRef` attribute. The `locQualityIssues` element contains:

    - One or more elements `locQualityIssue` , each of which contains:

      - At least one of the following attributes:

        - A `locQualityIssueType` attribute that implements the type information .

        - A `locQualityIssueComment` attribute that implements the comment information .

      - An optional `locQualityIssueSeverity` attribute that implements the severity information .

      - An optional `locQualityIssueProfileRef` attribute that implements the profile reference information .

      - An optional `locQualityIssueEnabled` attribute that implements the enabled information .

  Note:

  The order of `locQualityIssue` elements within a `locQualityIssues` element should reflect the order with which they were added to the document, with the most recently added one listed first.

  When the attributes `locQualityIssueType` , `locQualityIssueComment` , `locQualityIssueSeverity` , `locQualityIssueProfileRef` and `locQualityIssueEnabled` are used in a standoff manner, the information they carry pertains to the content of the element that refers to the standoff annotation, not to the content of the element `locQualityIssue` where they are declared.

  In HTML the standoff markup MUST either be stored inside a `script` element. It element in the same HTML document, or can be linked from any `locQualityIssuesRef` to an external XML or HTML file with the standoff inside. If standoff is inside a `script` element, that element MUST have a `type` attribute with the value `application/its+xml` . Its `id` attribute MUST be set to the same value as the `xml:id` attribute of the `locQualityIssues` element it contains.

Example 76: Annotating 77: Annotating an issue in XML with local inline markup

The attributes `locQualityIssueType` , `locQualityIssueComment` and `locQualityIssueSeverity` are used to associate the issue information directly with a selected span of content. </doc> directly with a selected span of content.

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?>

    "color: #000096"><doc xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><para><span its:locQualityIssueType="typographical"

    "color: #F5844C">its:locQualityIssueComment="Sentence without capitalization"

    "color: #F5844C">its:locQualityIssueSeverity="50">this</span> is an example</para>
    </doc>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locQualityIssue-local-1.xml ]

Example 77: Annotating 78: Annotating an issue in HTML with local inline markup

In this example several spans of content are associated with a quality issue.

    <!DOCTYPE
    html>
    <html
    lang
    =
    en
    >
    <head>
    <meta
    charset
    =
    utf-8
    >
    <title>
    Telharmonium
    1897
    </title>
    <style
    type
    =
    text/css
    >
    [its-loc-quality-issue-type]{
    background-color:yellow;
    margin:2px;
    }
    [its-loc-quality-issue-severity
    =
    "100"]{
    border:
    2px
    solid
    red;
    }
    </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>
    Telharmonium
    (1897)
    </h1>
    <p>
    <span
    data-mytool-qacode
    =
    named_entity_not_found
    its-loc-quality-issue-comment
    =
    "Should
    be
    Thomas
    Cahill."
    its-loc-quality-issue-profile-ref
    =
    http://example.org/qaMovel/v1
    its-loc-quality-issue-severity
    =
    100
    its-loc-quality-issue-type
    =
    inconsistent-entities
    >
    Christian
    Bale
    </span>
    (1867â€“1934)
    conceived
    of
    an
    instrument
    that
    could
    transmit
    its
    sound
    from
    a
    power
    plant
    for
    hundreds
    of
    miles
    to
    listeners
    over
    telegraph
    wiring.
    Beginning
    in
    1889
    the
    sound
    quality
    of
    regular
    telephone
    concerts
    was
    very
    poor
    on
    account
    of
    the
    buzzing
    generated
    by
    carbon-granule
    microphones.
    As
    a
    result
    Cahill
    decided
    to
    set
    a
    new
    standard
    in
    perfection
    of
    sound
    <span
    its-loc-quality-issue-comment
    =
    "should
    be
    'quality'"
    its-loc-quality-issue-profile-ref
    =
    grammar
    its-loc-quality-issue-severity
    =
    50
    its-loc-quality-issue-type
    =
    spelling
    >
    qulaity
    </span>
    with
    his
    instrument,
    a
    standard
    that
    would
    not
    only
    satisfy
    listeners
    but
    that
    would
    overcome
    all
    the
    flaws
    of
    traditional
    instruments.
    </p>
    </body>
    </html>

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    "color: #000096"><html lang=en>

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>Telharmonium 1897</title>

    "color: #000096"><style type=text/css>
             [its-loc-quality-issue-type]{
               background-color:yellow;
               margin:2px;
             }
             [its-loc-quality-issue-severity = "100"]{
               border: 2px solid red;
             }

    "color: #000096"></style>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><h1>Telharmonium (1897)</h1>

    "color: #000096"><p>

    "color: #000096"><span

    "color: #F5844C">data-mytool-qacode=named_entity_not_found

    "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-issue-comment="Should be Thomas Cahill."

    "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-issue-profile-ref=http://example.org/qaMovel/v1

    "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-issue-severity=100

    "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-issue-type=inconsistent-entities>Christian Bale</span>(1867â€“1934) conceived of an instrument that could transmit its sound
          from a power plant for hundreds of miles to listeners over telegraph wiring. Beginning in
          1889 the sound quality of regular telephone concerts was very poor on account of the buzzing
          generated by carbon-granule microphones. As a result Cahill decided to set a new standard in
          perfection of sound <span

    "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-issue-comment="should be 'quality'"

    "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-issue-profile-ref=grammar

    "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-issue-severity=50

    "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-issue-type=spelling>qulaity</span> with his instrument, a standard that would not only satisfy listeners but that
          would overcome all the flaws of traditional instruments.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-locQualityIssue-html5-local-1.html ]

Example 78: Annotating 79: Annotating an issue in XML with local standoff markup

The following example shows a document using local standoff markup to encode several issues. The `mrk` element delimits the content to markup and holds a `locQualityIssuesRef` attribute that points to the </xliff> `locQualityIssues` element where the issues are listed.

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?>

    "color: #000096"><xliff version="1.2" xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2"

    "color: #F5844C">xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><file original="example.doc" source-language="en" datatype="plaintext">

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><trans-unit id="1">

    "color: #000096"><source xml:lang="en">This is the content</source>

    "color: #000096"><target xml:lang="fr"><mrk mtype="x-itslq"

    "color: #F5844C">its:locQualityIssuesRef="#lq1">c'es</mrk> le contenu</target>

    "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssues xml:id="lq1">

    "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssue locQualityIssueType="misspelling"

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueComment="'c'es' is unknown. Could be 'c'est'"

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueSeverity="50"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssue locQualityIssueType="typographical"

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueComment="Sentence without capitalization"

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueSeverity="30"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:locQualityIssues>

    "color: #000096"></trans-unit>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></file>

    "color: #000096"></xliff>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locQualityIssue-local-2.xml ]

Example 79: Annotating 80: Annotating an issue in HTML with local standoff markup

The following example shows a document using local standoff markup to encode several issues. The `span` element delimits the content to markup and holds a `loc-quality-issues-ref` attribute that points to a special `span` element where the issues are listed within a set of other special special `span` elements.

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    <html>

    </html>

      "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>Test</title>

    "color: #000096"><script src=qaissues.js type=text/javascript></script>

    "color: #000096"><script type=application/its+xml id=lq1>

    "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssues xml:id="lq1" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssue

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueType="misspelling"

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueComment="'c'es' is unknown. Could be 'c'est'"

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueSeverity="50"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:locQualityIssue

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueType="typographical"

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueComment="Sentence without capitalization"

    "color: #F5844C">locQualityIssueSeverity="30"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:locQualityIssues>

    "color: #000096"></script>

    "color: #000096"><style type=text/css>.qaissue { background-color: yellow; } </style>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body onload=addqaissueattrs()>

    "color: #000096"><p>

    "color: #000096"><span its-loc-quality-issues-ref=#lq1>c'es</span> le contenu</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-locQualityIssue-html5-local-2.html ]

### 8.17 Localization Quality Rating

#### 8.17.1 Definition

The Localization Quality Rating data category is used to express an overall measurement of the localization quality of a document or an item in a document.

This data category allows to specify a quality score or a voting result for a given item or document, as well as to indicate what constitutes a passing score or vote. It also allows to point to a profile describing the quality assessment model used for the scoring or the voting.

#### 8.17.2 Implementation

The Localization Quality Rating data category is only expressed locally on individual elements. The data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements, but excluding attributes.

LOCAL: The following local markup is available for the Localization Quality Rating data category:

- Exactly one of the following:

  - A `locQualityRatingScore` attribute. Its value is a rational number in the interval 0 to 100 (inclusive). The value follows the XML Schema double data type with the constraining facets minInclusive set to 0 and maxInclusive set to 100. The higher values represent better quality.

  - A `locQualityRatingVote` attribute. Its value is a signed integer with higher values indicating a better vote.

- If `locQualityRatingScore` is used:

  - an optional `locQualityRatingScoreThreshold` attribute indicating the lowest score that constitutes a passing score in the profile used. Its value is a rational number in the interval 0 to 100 (inclusive). The value follows the XML Schema double data type with the constraining facets minInclusive set to 0 and maxInclusive set to 100.

- If `locQualityRatingVote` is used:

  - an optional `locQualityRatingVoteThreshold` attribute indicating the lowest value that constitutes a passing vote in the profile used. Its value is a signed integer.

- An optional `locQualityRatingProfileRef` attribute. Its value is an IRI pointing to the reference document describing the quality assessment model used for the scoring.

Example 80: The 81: The Localization Quality Rating data category expressed locally in XML

The `locQualityRatingScore` , `locQualityRatingThreshold` and `locQualityRatingProfileRef` are used to score the quality of the document. Hij kwam vrij laat te huis, en toen hij voorzichtig het raam insprong, document.

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?>

    "color: #000096"><doc xml:lang='nl'

    "color: #F5844C">xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0"

    "color: #F5844C">its:locQualityRatingScore="100"

    "color: #F5844C">its:locQualityRatingScoreThreshold="95"

    "color: #F5844C">its:locQualityRatingProfileRef="http://example.org/qaModel/v13">

    "color: #000096"><title>De lotgevallen van Tom Sawyer</title>

    "color: #000096"><para>Hij kwam vrij laat te huis, en toen hij voorzichtig het raam insprong,

       viel hij in eene hinderlaag, in de persoon van zijne tante, bij wie, toen zij
       den staat zag, waarin zijne kleederen verkeerden, het besluit om zijn vrijen
       Zaterdag in een gevangenschap met dwangarbeid te veranderen, onherroepelijk
       vaststond.
    </doc>

       vaststond.</para>
    </doc>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-locQualityRating-local-1.xml ]

Example 81: The 82: The Localization Quality Rating data category expressed locally in HTML

The `its-loc-quality-rating-score` , `its-loc-quality-rating-score-threshold` and `its-loc-quality-rating-profile-ref` are used to score the quality of the document. document.

    "color: #000096"><html lang=fr

    "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-rating-profile-ref=http://example.org/qaModel/v13

    "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-rating-score=90

    "color: #F5844C">its-loc-quality-rating-score-threshold=80

      >

      C'est l'histoire de la grande guerre que Rikki-Tikki-Tavi a combattu tout seul,

     "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>Rikki-tikki-tavi</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>C'est l'histoire de la grande guerre que Rikki-Tikki-Tavi a combattu tout seul,

       Ã  travers les salles de bain du grand bungalow au cantonnement Segowlee. Darzee,
       le tailbird, l'a aidÃ©, et Chuchundra, le rat musquÃ©, qui ne sort jamais jusqu'au
       milieu du plancher, mais se glisse toujours contre la paroi, lui donnait des
       conseils, mais Rikki-Tikki-Tavi fait le vÃ©ritable combat.

    </html>

       conseils, mais Rikki-Tikki-Tavi fait le vÃ©ritable combat.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-locQualityRating-html5-local.html ]

### 8.18 MT Confidence

#### 8.18.1 Definition

The MT Confidence data category is used to communicate the self-reported confidence score from a machine translation engine of the accuracy of a translation it has provided. It is not intended to provide a score that is comparable between machine translation engines and platforms. This data category does NOT aim to establish any sort of correlation between the self-reported confidence score and either human evaluation of MT usefulness, or post-editing cognitive effort. For harmonizationâ€™s sake, MT Confidence is provided as a rational number in the interval 0 to 1 (inclusive).

Note:

Implementers are expected to interpret the floating point number and present it to human and other consumers in a convenient form, such as percentage (0-100%) with up to 2 decimal digits, font or background color coding, etc.

This data category can be used for several purposes, including, but not limited to:

- Automated prioritising of raw machine translated text for further processing based on empirically set thresholds.

- Providing readers, translators, post-editors, reviewers and proof-readers of machine translated text with self-reported relative accuracy prediction.

MT confidence scores can be displayed e.g. on websites machine translated on the fly, by simple web-based translation editors or on Computer Aided Translation (CAT) tools.

#### 8.18.2 Implementation

The MT Confidence category can be expressed with global rules or locally on individual elements. For elements, the data category information is inherited by the textual content of the element, including child elements, but excluding attributes.

Any node selected by the MT Confidence data category MUST be contained in an element with the `annotatorsRef` (or in HTML, `its-annotators-ref` ) attribute specified for the MT Confidence data category. For more information, see Section 5.8: ITS 5.8: ITS Tools Annotation .

GLOBAL: The `mtConfidenceRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- A required `mtConfidence` attribute with a value that represents the translation confidence score as a rational number in the interval 0 to 1 (inclusive). The value follows the XML Schema double data type with the constraining facets minInclusive set to 0 and maxInclusive set to 1.

Example 82: Global 83: Global usage of `mtConfidenceRule` in a HTML document to specify the confidence scores for the translation into English of the `title` attributes of two Machine translated title attributes of img elements give MT confidence scores using global rules </html> attributes of two `img` elements.

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    "color: #000096"><html lang=en>

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><link href=EX-mtconfidence-global-html5-1-external-rules.xml rel=its-rules>

    "color: #000096"><title>Machine translated title attributes of img elements give MT
               confidence scores using global rules</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body its-annotators-ref="mt-confidence|file:///tools.xml#T1">

    "color: #000096"><p>

    "color: #000096"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Trinity_College.jpg"

    "color: #F5844C">title="Front gate of Trinity College Dublin"/>

    "color: #000096"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Molly_alone.jpg"

    "color: #F5844C">title="A tart with a cart"/>

    "color: #000096"></p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-mtConfidence-global-html5-1.html ]

Where the external ITS rules file is as shown:

Example 83: XML 84: XML file with external rules references from an HTML file.

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0"

    "color: #F5844C">xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

    "color: #000096"><its:mtConfidenceRule mtConfidence="0.785" selector="//h:img[@title='Front gate of Trinity College Dublin']/@title"/>

    "color: #000096"><its:mtConfidenceRule mtConfidence="0.805" selector="//h:img[@title='A tart with a cart']/@title"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    <?xml
    version="1.0"
    encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <its:rules
    xmlns:its
    =
    "http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its"
    version
    =
    "2.0"
    xmlns:h
    =
    "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
    >
    <its:mtConfidenceRule
    mtConfidence
    =
    "0.785"
    selector
    =
    "//h:img[@title='Front
    gate
    of
    Trinity
    College
    Dublin']/@title"
    />
    <its:mtConfidenceRule
    mtConfidence
    =
    "0.805"
    selector
    =
    "//h:img[@title='A
    tart
    with
    a
    cart']/@title"
    />
    </its:rules>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-mtconfidence-global-html5-1-external-rules.xml ]

LOCAL: the following local markup is available for the MT Confidence data category:

- A `mtConfidence` attribute with a value that represents the translation confidence score as a rational number in the interval 0 to 1 (inclusive). The value follows the XML Schema double data type with the constraining facets minInclusive set to 0 and maxInclusive set to 1.

Example 84: The 85: The MT Confidence data category expressed locally for the content of a span in an XML document. Dublin is the capital city of Ireland. </text> locally for the content of a span in an XML document.

    "color: #000096"><text xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0" its:annotatorsRef="mt-confidence|file:///tools.xml#T1">

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>

    "color: #000096"><span its:mtConfidence="0.8982">Dublin is the capital city of
            Ireland.</span>

    "color: #000096"></p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></text>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-mtConfidence-local-1.xml ]

Example 85: The 86: The MT Confidence data category expressed locally for the content of two separate spans in a HTML document. Sentences about Dublin and Prague machine translated from Czech with mtConfidence locally. </html> locally for the content of two separate spans in a HTML document.

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    "color: #000096"><html lang=en >

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>Sentences about Dublin and Prague
             machine translated from Czech with mtConfidence locally.</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body its-annotators-ref="mt-confidence|file:///tools.xml#T1">

    "color: #000096"><p>

    "color: #000096"><span its-mt-confidence=0.8982>Dublin is the capital of Ireland.</span>

    "color: #000096"><span its-mt-confidence=0.8536 >The capital of the Czech Republic is Prague.</span>

    "color: #000096"></p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-mtConfidence-html5-local-1.html ]

### 8.19 Allowed Characters

#### 8.19.1 Definition

The Allowed Characters data category is used to specify what the characters that are allowed permitted in a given piece of content.

This data category can be used for various purposes, including the following examples:

- Limiting the characters that may be used in the UI of a game due to font restrictions.

- Preventing illegal characters from being entered as text content that represents file or directory names.

- Controlling what characters can be used when translating examples of a login name in content.

Note:

The Allowed Characters data category is not intended to disallow HTML markup. The purpose is to restrict the content to various characters only, e.g., when the content is to be used for URL or filename generation. In most Content Management Systems, content is divided into several fields, some of which may be restricted to plain text, while in other fields HTML fragments may be allowed. Enforcing such restrictions is outside the scope of this data category. For further information see Section 1.3.1.4: Content 1.3.1.4: Content producers .

The set of characters that are allowed is specified using a regular expression. That is, each character in the selected content MUST be included in the set specified by the regular expression.

The regular expression is a the character class construct as `charClass` defined in the section Character Classes of XML Schema [XML Schema Part 2] , with the assumption that the as follows:

- `[1] charClass ::= singleCharEsc | charClassExpr | wildcardEsc`

- `[2] singleCharEsc ::= '\' [nrt\|.?*+(){}#x2D#x5B#x5D#x5E]`

- `[3] charClassExpr ::= '[' charGroup ']'`

- `[4] charGroup ::= posCharGroup | negCharGroup`

- `[5] posCharGroup ::= ( charRange | singleCharEsc )+`

- `[6] charRange ::= seRange | xmlCharIncDash`

- `[7] seRange ::= charOrEsc '-' charOrEsc`

- `[8] charOrEsc ::= xmlChar | singleCharEsc`

- `[9] xmlChar ::= [^\#x2D#x5B#x5D]`

- `[10] xmlCharIncDash ::= [^\#x5B#x5D]`

- `[11] negCharGroup ::= '^' posCharGroup`

- `[12] wildcardEsc ::= '.'`

The `.` metacharacter matches also CARRIAGE RETURN (U+000D) and LINE FEED (U+000F). That is with the dot-all option is set.

This construct is a sub-set of the Character Classes construct of XML Schema [XML Schema Part 2] and is compatible with most other regular expression engines.

Note:

Users may want to use a regular expression to make sure that they follow above definition. Sample regular expressions to verify the regular expression in allowed characters are provided: for XML and for Java .

Example of expressions (shown as XML source):

- `"[abc]"` : allows the characters 'a', 'b' and 'c'.

- `"[a-c]"` : allows the characters 'a', 'b' and 'c'.

- `"[a-zA-Z]"` : allows the characters from 'a' to 'z' and from 'A' to 'Z'.

- `"[^abc]"` : allows any characters except 'a', 'b', and 'c'.

- `"[^&#x0061;-c]"` : allows any characters except 'a', 'b', and 'c'.

- `"\w" : allows any character except the set of "punctuation", "separator" and "other" characters. "[&#x20;-&#x1ffff;-[&lt;>:&quot;\\/|\?*]]" "[^&lt;>:&quot;\\/|\?*]"` : allows only the characters valid for Windows file names.

- `"."` : allows any character.

- `""` : allows no character.

  "[a-&#x00ff;-[\s]]" : allows all characters between U+0061 and U+00FF except the characters SPACE (U+0020), TABULATION (U+0009), CARRIAGE RETURN (U+000D) and LINE FEED (U+000F).

#### 8.19.2 Implementation

The Allowed Characters data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on individual elements. For elements, the data category information inherits to the textual content of the element, including child elements, but excluding attributes.

GLOBAL: The `allowedCharactersRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- Exactly one of the following:

  - An `allowedCharacters` attribute that contains the regular expression indicating the allowed characters.

  - An `allowedCharactersPointer` attribute that contains a relative selector pointing to a node with the exact same semantics as `allowedCharacters` .

Example 86: The 87: The Allowed Characters data category expressed globally in XML

The `allowedCharactersRule` element states that the translated content of elements `content` must not contain the characters `*` and Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam `+` .

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?>

    "color: #000096"><myRes xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:allowedCharactersRule allowedCharacters="[^*+]" selector="//content"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><content>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam

          nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed
          diam voluptua.

    </myRes>

          diam voluptua.</content>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></myRes>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-allowedCharacters-global-1.xml ]

Example 87: Mapping 88: Mapping the Allowed Characters data category in XML

The attribute `allowedCharactersPointer` is used to map the data category to the non-ITS attribute `set` in this document. The attribute has the same semantics as </res> same semantics as `allowedCharacters` .

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?>

    "color: #000096"><res xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:allowedCharactersRule selector="//record" allowedCharactersPointer="@set"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><record id="a1" set="[ &#xFF01;â€“&#xFF5E;]">ï¼¦ï¼µï¼¬ï¼¬ ï¼·ï¼©ï¼¤ï¼´ï¼¨ ï¼¯ï¼®ï¼¬ï¼¹</record>
    </res>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-allowedCharacters-global-2.xml ]

LOCAL: the following local markup is available for the Allowed Characters data category:

- A `allowedCharacters` attribute that contains the regular expression indicating the allowed characters.

Example 88: The 89: The Allowed Characters data category expressed locally in XML

The local `allowedCharacters` attribute specifies that the translated content of element `panelmsg` must contain only Unicode characters between U+0020 and U+00FE. > </messages> between U+0020 and U+00FE.

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?>

    "color: #000096"><messages xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><msg num="123">Click the <panelmsg its:allowedCharacters="[&#x0020;-&#x00FE;]"
          >CONTINUE</panelmsg> Button on the printer panel</msg>

    "color: #000096"></messages>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-allowedCharacters-local-1.xml ]

Example 89: The 90: The Allowed Characters data category expressed locally in HTML

The local `its-allowed-characters` attribute specifies that the translated content of element `code` must not contain the characters other than 'a' to 'z' in any case and the characters underscore and minus. Login names can only use letters from A to Z (upper or lowercase) to 'z' in any case and the characters underscore and minus.

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    "color: #000096"><html lang=en>

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>Example</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>Login names can only use letters from A to Z (upper or lowercase)

        and the character underscore (_) and minus (-).
        For example:

    </html>

        For example: <code its-allowed-characters=[a-zA-Z_\-]>Huck_Finn</code>.</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-allowedCharacters-html5-local-1.html ]

### 8.20 Storage Size

#### 8.20.1 Definition

The Storage Size data category is used to specify the maximum storage size of a given content.

This data category can be used for various purposes, including the following examples:

- Verify during translation if a string fits into a fixed-size database field.

- Control the size of a string that is stored in a fixed-size memory buffer at run-time.

The storage size is always expressed in bytes and excludes any leading Byte-Order-Markers. It is provided along with the character set encoding and the line break type which will be used when the content is stored. If the encoding form does not use the byte as its unit (e.g. UTF-16 uses 16-bit code units) the storage size MUST still be given in byte (e.g. for UTF-16: 2 bytes per 16-bit code unit).

An application verifying the storage size for a given content is expected to perform the following steps:

- All the LINE FEED (U+000A) characters of the content to verify are replaced by the character or characters specified by the line break type.

- The resulting string is converted to an array of bytes using a character set encoder for the specified encoding. If a character cannot be represented with the specified encoding, an error is generated.

- If the leading bytes represent a Byte-Order-Mark, they are stripped from that array.

- The length of the resulting array is compared to the storage size provided. The content is too long if the length is greater than the storage size.

Note:

Storage size is not related to the display length of a text, and therefore should not be used to constrain a certain display length.

#### 8.20.2 Implementation

The Storage Size data category can be expressed with global rules, or locally on individual elements. There is no inheritance. The default value of the character set encoding is "UTF-8", and the default value for the line break is "lf" (LINE FEED (U+000A)).

GLOBAL: The `storageSizeRule` element contains the following:

- A required `selector` attribute. It contains an absolute selector which selects the nodes to which this rule applies.

- Exactly one of the following:

  - A `storageSize` attribute. It contains the maximum number of bytes the text of the selected node is allowed in storage.

  - A `storageSizePointer` attribute that contains a relative selector pointing to a node with the exact same semantics as `storageSize` .

- None or exactly one of the following:

  - A `storageEncoding` attribute. It contains the name of the character set encoding used to calculate the number of bytes of the selected text. The name MUST be one of the names or aliases listed in the IANA Character Sets registry [IANA Character Sets] . The default value is the string "UTF-8".

  - A `storageEncodingPointer` attribute that contains a relative selector pointing to a node with the exact same semantics as `storageEncoding` .

- An optional `lineBreakType` attribute. It indicates what type of line breaks the storage uses. The possible values are: "cr" for CARRIAGE RETURN (U+000D), "lf" for LINE FEED (U+000A), or "crlf" for CARRIAGE RETURN (U+000D) followed by LINE FEED (U+000A). The default value is "lf".

Example 90: The 91: The Storage Size data category expressed globally in XML

The `storageSizeRule` element is used to specify that, when encoded in ISO-8859-1, the content of the `country` element must not be more than 25 bytes. The name "Papouasie-Nouvelle-GuinÃ©e" is 25 character long and fits because all characters in ISO-8859-1 are encoded as a single byte. all characters in ISO-8859-1 are encoded as a single byte.

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?>

    <db>

    </db>

      "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:storageSizeRule selector="//country" storageSize="25"

    "color: #F5844C">storageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><data>

    "color: #000096"><country id="123">Papouasie-Nouvelle-GuinÃ©e</country>

    "color: #000096"><country id="139">RÃ©publique Dominicaine</country>

    "color: #000096"></data>
    </db>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-storageSize-global-1.xml ]

Example 91: Mapping 92: Mapping the Storage Size data category in XML

The `storageSizePointer` attribute is used to map the non-ITS attribute `max` to the same functionality as `storageSize` . There is no character encoding specified, so the default UTF-8 is assumed. Note that, while the name "Papouasie-Nouvelle-GuinÃ©e" is 25 character long, the character 'Ã©' is encoded into two bytes in UTF-8. Therefore this name is one byte too long to fit in its storage destination. </fields> storage destination.

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?>

    "color: #000096"><fields>

    "color: #000096"><its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><its:storageSizeRule selector="//field" storageSizePointer="@max"/>

    "color: #000096"></its:rules>

    "color: #000096"><field type="country" id="123" max="25">Papouasie-Nouvelle-GuinÃ©e</field>

    "color: #000096"><field type="country" id="139" max="25">RÃ©publique Dominicaine</field>

    "color: #000096"></fields>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-storageSize-global-2.xml ]

LOCAL: the following local markup is available for the Storage Size data category:

- A `storageSize` attribute. It contains the maximum number of bytes the text of the selected node is allowed in storage.

- An optional `storageEncoding` attribute. It contains the name of the character set encoding used to calculate the number of bytes of the selected text. The name MUST be one of the names or aliases listed in the IANA Character Sets registry [IANA Character Sets] . The default value is the string "UTF-8".

- An optional `lineBreakType` attribute. It indicates what type of line breaks the storage uses. The possible values are: "cr" for CARRIAGE RETURN (U+000D), "lf" for LINE FEED (U+000A), or "crlf" for CARRIAGE RETURN (U+000D) followed by LINE FEED (U+000A). The default value is "lf".

Example 92: The 93: The Storage Size data category expressed locally in XML

The `storageSize` attribute allows to specify different maximum storage sizes throughout the document. Note that the string `CONTINUE` does not fit the specified restriction of 8 bytes. The minimal number of bytes to store such a string in UTF-16 is 16. </messages> restriction of 8 bytes. The minimal number of bytes to store such a string in UTF-16 is 16.

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0"?>

    "color: #000096"><messages xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" its:version="2.0">

    "color: #000096"><var num="panelA1_Continue" its:storageSize="8" its:storageEncoding="UTF-16">CONTINUE</var>

    "color: #000096"><var num="panelA1_Stop" its:storageSize="8" its:storageEncoding="UTF-16">STOP</var>

    "color: #000096"><var num="panelB5_Cancel" its:storageSize="12" its:storageEncoding="UTF-16">CANCEL</var>

    "color: #000096"></messages>

[Source file: examples/xml/EX-storageSize-local-1.xml ]

Example 93: The 94: The Storage Size data category expressed locally in HTML

The `its-storage-size` is used here to specify the maximum number of bytes the two editable strings can have in UTF-8. </html> the two editable strings can have in UTF-8.

    "color: blue"><!DOCTYPE html>

    "color: #000096"><html lang=en>

    "color: #000096"><head>

    "color: #000096"><meta charset=utf-8>

    "color: #000096"><title>Example</title>

    "color: #000096"></head>

    "color: #000096"><body>

    "color: #000096"><p>String to translate:</p>

    "color: #000096"><p contenteditable=true id=123 its-storage-size=25>Papua New-Guinea</p>

    "color: #000096"><p contenteditable=true id=139 its-storage-size=25>Dominican Republic</p>

    "color: #000096"></body>

    "color: #000096"></html>

[Source file: examples/html5/EX-storageSize-html5-local-1.html ]

## A References

This section is normative.

BCP47
  Addison Phillips, Mark Davis. Tags for Identifying Languages , September 2009. Available at http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt .
HTML 4.01
  Dave Raggett et al. HTML 4.01 . W3C Recommendation 24 December 1999. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/ . The latest version of HTML 4.01 is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/html401.
HTML5
  Robin Berjon et al. HTML5 . W3C Candidate Recommendation 17 December 2012. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224 http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-html5-20121217/ . The latest version of HTML5 is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/.
IANA Character Sets
  Character Sets Available at http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets .
NIF
  Hellmann, S. (ed.). NIF 2.0 Core Ontology Version 1.0 , version April 2013. Available at http://persistence.uni-leipzig.org/nlp2rdf/ontologies/nif-core under CC-BY 2.0 license.
QAFRAMEWORK
  Karl Dubost, Lynne Rosental, Dominique HazaÃ«l-Massieux, Lofton Henderson. QA Framework: Specification Guidelines . W3C Recommendation 17 August 2005. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-qaframe-spec-20050817/ . The latest version of QAFRAMEWORK is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/qaframe-spec/.
RELAX NG
  Information technology -- Document Schema Definition Language (DSDL) -- Part 2: Regular-grammar-based validation -- RELAX NG . International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ISO/IEC 19757-2:2003.
RFC 2119
  S. Bradner. Key Words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels . IETF RFC 2119, March 1997. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt .
RFC 3987
  Martin DÃ¼rst, Michel Suignard. Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs) . RFC 3987, January 2005. See http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt .
Selectors Level 3
  Tantek Ã‡elik, Elika J. Etemad, Daniel Glazman, Ian Hickson, Peter Linss, John Williams Selectors Level 3 . W3C Recommendation 29 September 2011. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/ . The latest version of Selectors Level 3 is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/.
Unicode
  The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.2.0 , , ISBN 978-1-936213-07-8, as updated from time to time by the publication of new versions. (See http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions for the latest version and additional information on versions of the standard and of the Unicode Character Database).
XLink 1.1
  Steve DeRose, Eve Maler, David Orchard, Norman Walsh. XML Linking Language 1.1 . W3C Recommendation 6 May 2010. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/REC-xlink11-20100506/ . The latest version of XLink 1.1 is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/xlink11/.
XML 1.0
  Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C.M. Sperberg-McQueen, et al., editors. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition) , W3C Recommendation 26 November 2008. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126// . The latest version of XML 1.0 is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/.
XML Infoset
  John Cowan, Richard Tobin. XML Information Set (Second Edition) . W3C Recommendation 4 February 2004. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-infoset-20040204/ . The latest version of XML Infoset is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-infoset/.
XML Names
  Tim Bray, Dave Hollander, Andrew Layman, Richard Tobin. Namespaces in XML (Second Edition) . W3C Recommendation 16 August 2006. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-names-20060816/ . The latest version of XML Names is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/.
XML Schema
  Henry S. Thompson, David Beech, Murray Maloney, Noah Mendelsohn. XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition . W3C Recommendation 28 October 2004. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-1-20041028/ . The latest version of XML Schema is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/.
XML Schema Part 2
  Paul V. Biron, Ashok Malhotra. XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition . W3C Recommendation 28 October 2004. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/ . The latest version of XML Schema is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
XML ID
  Jonathan Marsh, Daniel Veillard, Norman Walsh. xml:id Version 1.0 . W3C Recommendation 9 September 2005. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-xml-id-20050909/ . The latest version of xml:id Version 1.0 is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-id/.
XPath 1.0
  James Clark. XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0 . W3C Recommendation 16 November 1999. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116/ . The latest version of XPath 1.0 is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/ .

## B Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) MIME Type

This section is normative.

This section defines a MIME type for Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) documents. It covers both ITS 1.0 and ITS 2.0.

Type name: application

Subtype name: its+xml

Required parameters: none

Optional parameters: charset

This parameter has identical semantics to the charset parameter of the "application/xml" media type as specified in IETF RFC 3023.

Encoding considerations: Identical to those of "application/xml" as described in IETF RFC 3023, section 3.2, as applied to an ITS document.

Security considerations: An ITS 1.0 or ITS 2.0 document may cause arbitrary URIs or IRIs to be dereferenced, via the @xlink:href attribute at the its:rules element. Therefore, the security issues of [RFC3987] Section 8 should be considered. In addition, the contents of resources identified by file: URIs can in some cases be accessed, processed and returned as results. An implementation of ITS global rules requires the support of XPath 1.0 or its successor. Hence, processing of global rules might encompass dereferencing of URIs or IRIs during computation of XPath expressions. Arbitrary recursion is possible, as is arbitrarily large memory usage, and implementations may place limits on CPU and memory usage, as well as restricting access to system-defined functions. ITS 1.0 and ITS 2.0 permit extensions. Hence it is possible that application/its+xml may describe content that has security implications beyond those described here.

Interoperability considerations: There are no known interoperability issues.

Published specification: http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/REC-its-20070403/ and http://www.w3.org/TR/its20/ .

Any XML document containing ITS 1.0 "its:rules" elements http://www.w3.org/TR/its/#selection-global can be labeled with `application/its+xml` . http://www.w3.org/TR/its/EX-link-external-rules-2.xml Provides an example of a document linking to a file with ITS 1.0 and ITS 2.0 "rules". The link target is at http://www.w3.org/TR/its/EX-link-external-rules-1.xml . There is no need that the link target has "its:rules" as a root element. The processing semantics is that rules are gathered in document order.

Applications that use this media type: This new media type is being registered to allow for deployment of ITS 1.0 and ITS 2.0 on the World Wide Web., e.g. by localization tools.

Additional information:

- Magic number(s): none

- File extension(s): .its

- Macintosh file type code(s): TEXT

Person & email address to contact for further information: World Wide Web Consortium <web-human at w3.org>

Intended usage: COMMON

Restrictions on usage: none

Author / Change controller: The Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) 1.0 and 2.0 specifications are a work product of the World Wide Web Consortium's Internationalization Tag Set Working Group. The W3C has change control over this specification.

## C Values for the Localization Quality Issue Type

This section is normative.

The `locQualityIssueType` attribute provides a basic level of interoperability between different localization quality assurance systems. It offers a list of high-level quality issue types common in automatic and human localization quality assessment. Tools can map their internal types to these types in order to exchange information about the kinds of issues they identify and take appropriate action even if another tool does not know the specific issues identified by the generating tool.

The values listed in the following table are allowed for `locQualityIssueType` . The values a tool implementing the data category produces for the attribute must match one of the values provided in this table and must be semantically accurate. If a tool can map its internal values to these types it must do so and must use the value `other` , which is reserved strictly for values that cannot be mapped to these values.

Note:

The ITS Interest Group maintains an informative mappings of tools to localization quality issue types. The ITS IG Wiki provides information on how to update that list . The purpose of these mappings is to document how tool internal information relates to the ITS 2.0 quality types. To foster interoperability, implementers are strongly encouraged not to rely on these mappings and to implement the ITS 2.0 quality types natively.

Value | Description | Example | Scope | Notes
`terminology` | An incorrect term or a term from the wrong domain was used or terms are used inconsistently. | The localization had â€œPen Driveâ€ when corporate terminology specified that â€œUSB Stickâ€ was to be used. The localization text inconsistently used "Start" and "Begin". A text renders the Hungarian term recsegÅ‘Ã©k as â€œbuzzer bridgeâ€ in English to translate (a literal translation), but the term used in English should be â€œwedge block,â€ as specified in a terminology list supplied to the translator. | S or T | This value must not be used for simple typographical errors or word choice not related to defined terminologies. For example, a mistyping of â€œpinâ€ as â€œpenâ€ or the use of â€œimplyâ€ instead of â€œinferâ€ (mistaking two commonly confused words) would not count as terminology issues and should be categorized as either spelling errors or mistranslations, depending on the nature of the issue. Terminology refers only to cases where incorrect choices about terms (either formal or commonly defined in a domain) are involved.
`mistranslation` | The content of the target mistranslates the content of the source. | The English source reads "An ape succeeded in grasping a banana lying outside its cage with the help of a stick" but the Italian translation reads "l'ape riuscÃ¬ a prendere la banana posta tuori dall sua gabbia aiutandosi con un bastone" ("A bee succeeded...") | T | Issues related to translation of specific terms related to the domain or task-specific language should be categorized as `terminology` issues.
`omission` | Necessary text has been omitted from the localization or source. | One or more segments found in the source that should have been translated are missing in the target. | S or T | This value should not be used for missing whitespace or formatting codes, but instead should be reserved for linguistic content.
`untranslated` | Content that should have been translated was left untranslated. | The source segment reads "The Professor said to Smith that he would hear from his lawyer" but the Hungarian localization reads "A professzor azt mondta Smithnek, hogy he would hear from his lawyer." | T | `omission` takes precedence over `untranslated` . Omissions are distinct in that they address cases where text is not present, while `untranslated` addresses cases where text has been carried from the source untranslated.
`addition` | The translated text contains inappropriate additions. | The translated text contains a note from the translator to himself to look up a term; the note should have been deleted but was not. | T |
`duplication` | Content has been duplicated improperly. | A section of the target text was inadvertently copied twice in a copy and paste operation. | T |
`inconsistency` | The text is inconsistent with itself or is translated inconsistency inconsistently (NB: not for use with terminology inconsistency). | The text states that an event happened in 1912 in one location but in another states that it happened in 1812. The translated text uses different wording for multiple instances of a single regulatory notice that occurs in multiple locations in a series of manuals. | S or T |
`grammar` | The text contains a grammatical error (including errors of syntax and morphology). | The text reads "The guidelines says that users should use a static grounding strap." | S or T |
`legal` | The text is legally problematic (e.g., it is specific to the wrong legal system). | The localized text is intended for use in Thailand but includes U.S. regulatory notices. A text translated into German contains comparative advertising claims that are not allowed by German law. | S or T |
`register` | The text is written in the wrong linguistic register of uses slang or other language variants inappropriate to the text. | A financial text in U.S. English refers to dollars as "bucks". | S or T |
`locale-specific-content` | The localization contains content that does not apply to the locale for which it was prepared. | A text translated for the Japanese market contains call center numbers in Texas and refers to special offers available only in the U.S. | S or T | Legally inappropriate material should be classified as `legal` .
`locale-violation` | Text violates norms for the intended locale. | A text localized into German has dates in YYYY-MM-DD format instead of in DD.MM.YYYY. A text for the Irish market uses American-style foot and inch measurements instead of centimeters. A text intended for a U.S.-based audience uses U.K. spellings such as â€œcentreâ€ and â€œcolour.â€ | S or T | This value should be used for spelling errors only if they relate specifically to locale expectations (e.g., a text consitently uses British instead of U.S. spellings for a text intended for the U.S.). If these errors are not systematic (e.g., a text uses U.S. spellings but has a single instance of â€œcentreâ€), they should instead be counted as spelling errors.
`style` | The text contains stylistic errors. | Company style guidelines dictates that all individuals be referred to as Mr. or Ms. with a family name, but the text refers to â€œJack Smithâ€. | S or T |
`characters` | The text contains characters that are garbled or incorrect or that are not used in the language in which the content appears. | A text should have a 'â€¢' but instead has a 'Â¥' sign. A text translated into German omits the umlauts over 'Ã¼', 'Ã¶', and 'Ã¤'. | S or T |
`misspelling` | The text contains a misspelling. | A German text misspells the word "Zustellung" as "ZustellÃ¼ng". | S or T |
`typographical` | The text has typographical errors such as omitted/incorrect punctuation, incorrect capitalization, etc. | An English text has the following sentence: "The man whom, we saw, was in the Military and carried it's insignias". | S or T |
`formatting` | The text is formatted incorrectly. | Warnings in the text are supposed to be set in italic face, but instead appear in bold face. Margins of the text are narrower than specified. | S or T |
`inconsistent-entities` | The source and target text contain different named entities (dates, times, place names, individual names, etc.) | The name "Thaddeus Cahill" appears in an English source but is rendered as "TamaÅ¡ Cahill" in the Czech version. The date "February 9, 2007" appears in the source but the translated text has "2. September 2007". | S or T |
`numbers` | Numbers are inconsistent between source and target. | A source text states that an object is 120 cm long, but the target text says it is 129 cm. long. | S or T | Some tools may correct for differences in units of measurement to reduce false positives.
`markup` | There is an issue related to markup or a mismatch in markup between source and target. | The source segment has five markup tags but the target has only two. An opening tag in the text is missing a closing tag. | S or T |
`pattern-problem` | The text fails to match a pattern that defines allowable content (or matches one that defines non-allowable content). | The tool disallows the regular expression pattern ['"â€â€™][\.,] but the translated text contains "A leading â€œexpertâ€, a political hack, claimed otherwise." | S or T |
`whitespace` | There is a mismatch in whitespace between source and target content or the text violates specific rules related to the use of whitespace. | A source segment starts with six space characters but the corresponding target segment has two non-breaking spaces at the start. The text uses a run of 12 space characters instead of a tab character to align numbers in a table. Two space characters appear after a period even though only a single period should be used. | S or T |
`internationalization` | There is an issue related to the internationalization of content. | A line of programming code has embedded language-specific strings. A user interface element leaves no room for text expansion. A form allows only for U.S.-style postal addresses and expects five digit U.S. ZIP codes. | S or T | There are many kinds of internationalization issues. This value is therefore very heterogeneous in what it can refer to.
`length` | There is a significant difference in source and target length. | The translation of a segment is five times as long as the source. | S or T | What constitutes a "significant" difference in length is determined by the model referred to in the `locQualityIssueProfileRef` .
`non-conformance` | The content is deemed to have a level of conformance to a reference corpus. The `non-conformance` type reflects the degree to which the text conforms to a reference corpus given an algorithm which combines several classes of error type to produce an aggregate rating. Higher values reflect poorer conformance. | The sentence "The harbour connected which to printer is busy or configared not properly." would have poor conformance. | S or T | In a system which uses classification techniques the poor conformance is a function of the combined incorrect terminology, wrong spelling and bad grammar.
`uncategorized` | The issue either has not been categorized or cannot be categorized. | A new version of a tool returns information on an issue that has not been previously checked and that is not yet classified. A text is defective in ways that defy categorization, such as the appearance of nonsense garbled text of unknown origin (e.g., a translation shows an unintelligible result and/or appears unrelated to the source material). | S or T | This value has the following uses: A tool can use it to pass through quality data from another tool in cases where the issues from the other tool are not classified (for example, a localization quality assurance tool interfaces with a third-party grammar checker). A toolâ€™s issues are not yet assigned to values, and, until an updated assignment is made, they may be listed as `uncategorized` . In this case it is recommended that issues be assigned to appropriate values as soon as possible since `uncategorized` does not foster interoperability. `uncategorized` can be used where a portion of text is defective in a way that defies assignment to a value in either the originating system or in any other ITS localization quality markup to indicate that it is uncategorizable.
`other` | Any issue that cannot be assigned to any values listed above. |  | S or T | This value allows for the inclusion of any issues not included in the previously listed values. This value must not be used for any tool- or model-specific issues that can be mapped to the values listed above. In addition, this value is not synonymous with `uncategorized` in that `uncategorized` issues may be assigned to another precise value, while other issues cannot. If a system has an "miscellaneous" or "other" value, it must be mapped to this value even if the specific instance of the issue might be mapped to another value.

## D Schemas for ITS

This section is normative.

The following schemas define ITS elements and attributes and can be used as building blocks when you want to integrate ITS markup into your own XML vocabulary. You can see examples of such integration in Best Practices for XML Internationalization .

Foreign elements can be used only inside rules. Foreign attributes can be used on any element defined in ITS.

The following four schemas are provided:

1. NVDL document : The following [NVDL] document allows validation of ITS markup which has been added to a host vocabulary. Only ITS elements and attributes are checked. Elements and attributes of host language are ignored during validation against this NVDL document/schema. </rules> during validation against this NVDL document/schema.

Example 95: NVDL schema for ITS

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

    "color: #000096"><rules xmlns="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/nvdl/ns/structure/1.0">

    "color: #000096"><namespace ns="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">

    "color: #000096"><validate schema="its20-elements.rng"/>

    "color: #000096"></namespace>

    "color: #000096"><namespace ns="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" match="attributes">

    "color: #000096"><validate schema="its20-attributes.rng"/>

    "color: #000096"></namespace>

    "color: #000096"><anyNamespace>

    "color: #000096"><allow/>

    "color: #000096"></anyNamespace>

    "color: #000096"></rules>

[Source file: schemas/its20.nvdl ]

2. RELAX NG schema for elements and attributes : The NVDL schema depends on the following two schemas: RELAX NG schema for ITS elements, and RELAX NG schema for all ITS local attributes. ITS local attributes.

Example 96: RELAX NG schema for ITS elements

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

    "color: #000096"><grammar xmlns="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0">

    "color: #000096"><include href="its20.rng"/>

    "color: #000096"><start>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-rules"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-span"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-standoff"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></start>

    "color: #000096"></grammar>

[Source file: schemas/its20-elements.rng ]

( RELAX NG compact syntax version of schema schema )

Example 97: RELAX NG schema for all ITS local attributes

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

    "color: #000096"><grammar xmlns="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0">

    "color: #000096"><include href="its20.rng"/>

    "color: #000096"><start>

    "color: #000096"><group>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-local.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.version"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></group>

    "color: #000096"></start>

    "color: #000096"></grammar>

[Source file: schemas/its20-attributes.rng ]

( RELAX NG compact syntax version of schema )

3. Base RELAX NG schema for ITS : All ITS elements and attributes referenced by previous two schemas are defined in the base RELAX NG schema for ITS. Used in the case of simple ruby markup to specify characters that can denote the beginning and end of ruby text when user agents do not have other ways to present ruby text distinctively from the base text. Typically contains parenthesis. by previous two schemas are defined in the base RELAX NG schema for ITS.

Example 98: Base RELAX NG schema for ITS

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

    "color: #000096"><grammar ns="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" xmlns:a="http://relaxng.org/ns/compatibility/annotations/1.0" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" xmlns="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0" datatypeLibrary="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-datatypes">

    "color: #000096"><include href="its20-types.rng"/>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.translate">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:translate">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-translate.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.translate.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="translate">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-translate.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.dir">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:dir">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-dir.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.dir.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="dir">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-dir.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locNote">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:locNote">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNote.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locNote.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="locNote">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNote.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locNoteType">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:locNoteType">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNoteType.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locNoteType.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="locNoteType">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNoteType.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locNoteRef">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:locNoteRef">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNoteRef.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locNoteRef.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="locNoteRef">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNoteRef.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.termInfoRef">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:termInfoRef">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-termInfoRef.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.termInfoRef.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="termInfoRef">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-termInfoRef.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.term">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:term">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-term.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.term.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="term">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-term.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.termConfidence">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:termConfidence">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-termConfidence.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.termConfidence.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="termConfidence">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-termConfidence.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.withinText">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:withinText">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-withinText.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.withinText.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="withinText">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-withinText.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.domainMapping">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:domainMapping">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-domainMapping.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.domainMapping.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="domainMapping">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-domainMapping.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taConfidence">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:taConfidence">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taConfidence.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taConfidence.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="taConfidence">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taConfidence.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taClassRef">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:taClassRef">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taClassRef.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taClassRef.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="taClassRef">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taClassRef.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taIdent">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:taIdent">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taIdent.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taIdent.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="taIdent">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taIdent.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taIdentRef">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:taIdentRef">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taIdentRef.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taIdentRef.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="taIdentRef">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taIdentRef.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taSource">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:taSource">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taSource.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

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    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.org">

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    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.toolRef">

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    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revPerson">

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    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revPerson.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="revPerson">

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    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revPersonRef">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:revPersonRef">

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    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revPersonRef.nons">

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    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revOrg">

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    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revOrg.nons">

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    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.revToolRef">

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    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.provenanceRecordsRef">

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    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.provenanceRecordsRef.nons">

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    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssuesRef">

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    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssuesRef.nons">

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    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueType">

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    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueType.nons">

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    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueComment">

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    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueComment.nons">

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    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueSeverity">

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    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssueSeverity.type"/>

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    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueSeverity.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="locQualityIssueSeverity">

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    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueProfileRef">

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    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueProfileRef.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="locQualityIssueProfileRef">

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    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueEnabled">

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    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueEnabled.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="locQualityIssueEnabled">

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    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingScore">

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    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingScore.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="locQualityRatingScore">

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    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingVote">

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    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingVote.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="locQualityRatingVote">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityRatingVote.type"/>

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    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingScoreThreshold">

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    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingScoreThreshold.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="locQualityRatingScoreThreshold">

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    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingVoteThreshold">

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    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityRatingVoteThreshold.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingVoteThreshold.nons">

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    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityRatingVoteThreshold.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingProfileRef">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:locQualityRatingProfileRef">

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    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingProfileRef.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="locQualityRatingProfileRef">

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    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.mtConfidence">

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    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.mtConfidence.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="mtConfidence">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-mtConfidence.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.allowedCharacters">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:allowedCharacters">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-allowedCharacters.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.allowedCharacters.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="allowedCharacters">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-allowedCharacters.type"/>

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    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.storageSize">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:storageSize">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-storageSize.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.storageSize.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="storageSize">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-storageSize.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.storageEncoding">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:storageEncoding">

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    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.storageEncoding.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="storageEncoding">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-storageEncoding.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.lineBreakType">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:lineBreakType">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-lineBreakType.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.lineBreakType.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="lineBreakType">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-lineBreakType.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.annotatorsRef">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:annotatorsRef">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-annotatorsRef.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.annotatorsRef.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="annotatorsRef">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-annotatorsRef.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.version">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:version">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Version of ITS</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-version.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.version.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="version">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Version of ITS</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-version.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.queryLanguage">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="its:queryLanguage">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-queryLanguage.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.queryLanguage.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="queryLanguage">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-queryLanguage.type"/>

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    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.xlink.href">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="xlink:href">

    "color: #000096"><data type="anyURI"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.xlink.type">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="xlink:type">

    "color: #000096"><value>simple</value>

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    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.selector">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="selector">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-absolute-selector.type"/>

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    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-foreign-attribute">

    "color: #000096"><attribute>

    "color: #000096"><anyName>

    "color: #000096"><except>

    "color: #000096"><nsName ns=""/>

    "color: #000096"></except>

    "color: #000096"></anyName>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-foreign-no-xml-id-attribute">

    "color: #000096"><attribute>

    "color: #000096"><anyName>

    "color: #000096"><except>

    "color: #000096"><nsName ns=""/>

    "color: #000096"><name>xml:id</name>

    "color: #000096"></except>

    "color: #000096"></anyName>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-foreign-no-xlink-attribute">

    "color: #000096"><attribute>

    "color: #000096"><anyName>

    "color: #000096"><except>

    "color: #000096"><nsName ns=""/>

    "color: #000096"><nsName ns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/>

    "color: #000096"></except>

    "color: #000096"></anyName>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-any-attribute">

    "color: #000096"><attribute>

    "color: #000096"><anyName/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-any-element">

    "color: #000096"><element>

    "color: #000096"><anyName/>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-any-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><text/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-any-element"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-foreign-element">

    "color: #000096"><element>

    "color: #000096"><anyName>

    "color: #000096"><except>

    "color: #000096"><nsName/>

    "color: #000096"></except>

    "color: #000096"></anyName>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-any-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><text/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-element"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

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    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-rules.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-rules.content">

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    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-translateRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNoteRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-termRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-dirRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-langRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-withinTextRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-domainRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-textAnalysisRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-localeFilterRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-provRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssueRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-mtConfidenceRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-externalResourceRefRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-targetPointerRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-idValueRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-preserveSpaceRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-allowedCharactersRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-storageSizeRule"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-element"/>

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    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

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    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.xlink.href"/>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.xlink.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.queryLanguage.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-no-xlink-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-param">

    "color: #000096"><element name="param">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Declaration of variable used in selectors</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-param.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-param.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-param.content">

    "color: #000096"><text/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-param.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="name">

    "color: #000096"><data type="string"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-local.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><interleave>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.translate"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.dir"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locNote"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locNoteRef"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locNoteType"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.term"/>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.termInfoRef"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.termConfidence"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.withinText"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><interleave>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taConfidence"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><interleave>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taClassRef"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><group>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taSource"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taIdent"/>

    "color: #000096"></group>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taIdentRef"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></interleave>

    "color: #000096"></interleave>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.localeFilterList"/>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.localeFilterType"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><interleave>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.person"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.personRef"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.org"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.orgRef"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.tool"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.toolRef"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revPerson"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revPersonRef"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revOrg"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revOrgRef"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revTool"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revToolRef"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.provRef"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></interleave>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.provenanceRecordsRef"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssuesRef"/>

    "color: #000096"><interleave>

    "color: #000096"><interleave>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueType"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueComment"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></interleave>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueSeverity"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueProfileRef"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueEnabled"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></interleave>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><group>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingScore"/>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingScoreThreshold"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></group>

    "color: #000096"><group>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingVote"/>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingVoteThreshold"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></group>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingProfileRef"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.mtConfidence"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.allowedCharacters"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.storageSize"/>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.storageEncoding"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.lineBreakType"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.annotatorsRef"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></interleave>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-local.nons.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><interleave>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.translate.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.dir.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locNote.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locNoteRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locNoteType.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.term.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.termInfoRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.termConfidence.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.withinText.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><interleave>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taConfidence.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><interleave>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taClassRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><group>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taSource.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taIdent.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></group>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taIdentRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></interleave>

    "color: #000096"></interleave>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.localeFilterList.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.localeFilterType.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><interleave>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.person.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.personRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.org.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.orgRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.tool.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.toolRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revPerson.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revPersonRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revOrg.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revOrgRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revTool.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revToolRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.provRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></interleave>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.provenanceRecordsRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssuesRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><interleave>

    "color: #000096"><interleave>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueType.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueComment.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></interleave>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueSeverity.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueProfileRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueEnabled.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></interleave>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><group>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingScore.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingScoreThreshold.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></group>

    "color: #000096"><group>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingVote.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingVoteThreshold.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></group>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityRatingProfileRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.mtConfidence.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.allowedCharacters.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.storageSize.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.storageEncoding.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.lineBreakType.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.annotatorsRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></interleave>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-span">

    "color: #000096"><element name="span">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Inline element to contain ITS information</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-span.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-span.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-span.content">

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><text/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-span"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-span.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><interleave>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-local.nons.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></interleave>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-translateRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="translateRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Translate data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-translateRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-translateRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-translateRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-translateRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.translate.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-locNoteRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="locNoteRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Localization Note data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locNoteType.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNote"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locNotePointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locNoteRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locNoteRefPointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locNotePointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="locNotePointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locNoteRefPointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="locNoteRefPointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-locNote">

    "color: #000096"><element name="locNote">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Localization note</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNote.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locNote.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-locNote.content">

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><text/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-span"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-locNote.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-local.nons.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-termRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="termRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Terminology data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-termRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-termRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-termRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-termRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.term.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.termInfoPointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.termInfoRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.termInfoRefPointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.termInfoPointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="termInfoPointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.termInfoRefPointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="termInfoRefPointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-dirRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="dirRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Directionality data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-dirRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-dirRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-dirRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-dirRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.dir.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-langRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="langRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Language Information data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-langRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-langRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-langRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-langRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.langPointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.langPointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="langPointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-withinTextRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="withinTextRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Elements Within Text data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-withinTextRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-withinTextRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-withinTextRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-withinTextRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.withinText.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-domainRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="domainRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Domain data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-domainRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-domainRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-domainRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-domainRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.domainPointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.domainMapping.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.domainPointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="domainPointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-textAnalysisRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="textAnalysisRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Disambiguation data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-textAnalysisRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-textAnalysisRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-textAnalysisRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-textAnalysisRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taClassRefPointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><group>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taSourcePointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taIdentPointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></group>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.taIdentRefPointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taClassRefPointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="taClassRefPointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taClassRefPointer.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taIdentPointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="taIdentPointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taIdentPointer.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taSourcePointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="taSourcePointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taSourcePointer.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.taIdentRefPointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="taIdentRefPointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-taIdentRefPointer.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-localeFilterRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="localeFilterRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the LocaleFilter data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-localeFilterRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-localeFilterRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-localeFilterRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-localeFilterRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.localeFilterList.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.localeFilterType.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-provRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="provRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Provenance data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-provRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-provRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-provRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-provRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.provenanceRecordsRefPointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.provenanceRecordsRefPointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="provenanceRecordsRefPointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-externalResourceRefRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="externalResourceRefRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the External Resource data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-externalResourceRefRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-externalResourceRefRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-externalResourceRefRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-externalResourceRefRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.externalResourceRefPointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.externalResourceRefPointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="externalResourceRefPointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-targetPointerRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="targetPointerRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Target Pointer data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-targetPointerRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-targetPointerRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-targetPointerRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-targetPointerRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.targetPointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.targetPointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="targetPointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-idValueRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="idValueRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Id Value data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-idValueRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-idValueRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-idValueRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-idValueRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.idValue.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.idValue.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="idValue">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-xpath-expression.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-preserveSpaceRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="preserveSpaceRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Preserve Space data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-preserveSpaceRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-preserveSpaceRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-preserveSpaceRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-preserveSpaceRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.space.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.space.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="space">

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><value>default</value>

    "color: #000096"><value>preserve</value>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-locQualityIssueRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="locQualityIssueRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Localization Quality Issue data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssueRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssueRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-locQualityIssueRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-locQualityIssueRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssuesRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssuesRefPointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"><group>

    "color: #000096"><oneOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueType.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueComment.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></oneOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueSeverity.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueProfileRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueEnabled.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"></group>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.locQualityIssuesRefPointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="locQualityIssuesRefPointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-mtConfidenceRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="mtConfidenceRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the MT Confidence data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-mtConfidenceRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-mtConfidenceRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-mtConfidenceRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-mtConfidenceRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.mtConfidence.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-allowedCharactersRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="allowedCharactersRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Allowed Characters data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-allowedCharactersRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-allowedCharactersRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-allowedCharactersRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-allowedCharactersRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.allowedCharacters.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.allowedCharactersPointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.allowedCharactersPointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="allowedCharactersPointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-storageSizeRule">

    "color: #000096"><element name="storageSizeRule">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Rule about the Allowed Characters data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-storageSizeRule.content"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-storageSizeRule.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-storageSizeRule.content">

    "color: #000096"><empty/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-storageSizeRule.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.selector"/>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.storageSize.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.storageSizePointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.storageEncoding.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.storageEncodingPointer.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.lineBreakType.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.storageSizePointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="storageSizePointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-attribute.storageEncodingPointer.nons">

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="storageEncodingPointer">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-standoff">

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-provenanceRecords"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssues"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-provenanceRecords">

    "color: #000096"><element name="its:provenanceRecords">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Standoff markup for Provenance data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><oneOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-provenanceRecord"/>

    "color: #000096"></oneOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="xml:id">

    "color: #000096"><data type="ID"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.version.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-no-xml-id-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-provenanceRecord">

    "color: #000096"><element name="its:provenanceRecord">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Provenance record used in Provenance standoff markup</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-provenanceRecord.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-provenanceRecord.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><interleave>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.person.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.personRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.org.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.orgRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.tool.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.toolRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revPerson.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revPersonRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revOrg.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revOrgRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revTool.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.revToolRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.provRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></interleave>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-locQualityIssues">

    "color: #000096"><element name="its:locQualityIssues">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Standoff markup for Localization Quality Issue data category</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><oneOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssue"/>

    "color: #000096"></oneOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><attribute name="xml:id">

    "color: #000096"><data type="ID"/>

    "color: #000096"></attribute>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.version.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-no-xml-id-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-locQualityIssue">

    "color: #000096"><element name="its:locQualityIssue">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Issue recorded in Localization Quality standoff markup</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-locQualityIssue.attributes"/>

    "color: #000096"></element>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-locQualityIssue.attributes">

    "color: #000096"><interleave>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueType.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueComment.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueSeverity.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueProfileRef.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><optional>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-attribute.locQualityIssueEnabled.nons"/>

    "color: #000096"></optional>

    "color: #000096"><zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-foreign-attribute"/>

    "color: #000096"></zeroOrMore>

    "color: #000096"></interleave>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"></grammar>

[Source file: schemas/its20.rng ]

( RELAX NG compact syntax version of schema )

4. Data type definitions : All datatypes used in the base RELAX NG schema are defined the following schema. A comma separated list of mappings between values in the content defined the following schema.

Example 99: RELAX NG schema with datatypes for ITS

    "color: maroon"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

    "color: #000096"><grammar xmlns:a="http://relaxng.org/ns/compatibility/annotations/1.0" xmlns="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0" datatypeLibrary="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-datatypes">

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-version.type">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Version of ITS</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><data type="string">

    "color: #000096"><param name="pattern">[0-9]+\.[0-9]+</param>

    "color: #000096"></data>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-queryLanguage.type">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The query language to be used for processing the rules</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><value>xpath</value>

    "color: #000096"><value>css</value>

    "color: #000096"><text/>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-absolute-selector.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary="">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Absolute selector</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"></data>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-relative-selector.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary="">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Relative selector</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"></data>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-xpath-expression.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary=""/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-confidence.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="double">

    "color: #000096"><param name="minInclusive">0</param>

    "color: #000096"><param name="maxInclusive">1</param>

    "color: #000096"></data>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-translate.type">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The Translate data category information to be attached to the current node</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><value>yes</value>

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The nodes need to be translated</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><value>no</value>

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The nodes must not be translated</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-locNote.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary=""/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-locNoteType.type">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The type of localization note</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><value>alert</value>

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Localization note is an alert</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><value>description</value>

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Localization note is a description</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-locNoteRef.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="anyURI"/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-termInfoRef.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="anyURI"/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-term.type">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Indicates a term locally</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><value>yes</value>

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The value 'yes' means that this is a term</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><value>no</value>

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The value 'no' means that this is not a term</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-termConfidence.type">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-confidence.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-dir.type">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The text direction for the context</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><value>ltr</value>

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Left-to-right text</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><value>rtl</value>

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Right-to-left text</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><value>lro</value>

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Left-to-right override</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><value>rlo</value>

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>Right-to-left override</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-withinText.type">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>States whether current context is regarded as "within text"</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><value>yes</value>

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The element and its content are part of the flow of its parent element</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><value>no</value>

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The element splits the text flow of its parent element and its content is an independent text flow</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><value>nested</value>

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>The element is part of the flow of its parent element, its content is an independent flow</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-domainMapping.type">

    "color: #000096"><a:documentation>A comma separated list of mappings between values in the content

    and workflow specific values. The values may contain spaces; in
    that case they MUST be delimited by quotation marks.

    that case they MUST be delimited by quotation marks.</a:documentation>

    "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary=""/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-taConfidence.type">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-confidence.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-taClassPointer.type">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-taClassRefPointer.type">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-taClassRef.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="anyURI"/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-taIdentRef.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="anyURI"/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-taIdent.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary=""/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-taSource.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary=""/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-taIdentPointer.type">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-taIdentRefPointer.type">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-taSourcePointer.type">

    "color: #000096"><ref name="its-relative-selector.type"/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-localeFilterList.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary=""/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-localeFilterType.type">

    "color: #000096"><choice>

    "color: #000096"><value>include</value>

    "color: #000096"><value>exclude</value>

    "color: #000096"></choice>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-provenanceRecordsRef.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="anyURI"/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-person.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary=""/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-personRef.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="anyURI"/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-org.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary=""/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-orgRef.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="anyURI"/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-tool.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary=""/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-toolRef.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="anyURI"/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-revPerson.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary=""/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-revPersonRef.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="anyURI"/>

    "color: #000096"></define>

    "color: #000096"><define name="its-revOrg.type">

    "color: #000096"><data type="string" datatypeLibrary=""/>

    "color: #000096"></define>