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Thus, XForms accommodates form component reuse, fosters strong data type validation, eliminates unnecessary round-trips to the server, offers device independence and reduces the need for scripting.
XForms 1.1 refines the XML processing platform introduced by [XForms 1.0] by adding several new submission capabilities, action handlers, utility functions, user interface improvements, and helpful datatypes as well as a more powerful action processing facility, including conditional, iterated and background execution, the ability to manipulate data arbitrarily and to access event context information.
This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.
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The Forms Working Group seeks public feedback on this First Public Working Draft. Please send your comments to www-forms-editor@w3.org (public archive). If possible, please offer specific changes to the text that would address your concern. You may also wish to check the Wiki Version of this document and see if the relevant text has already been updated.
Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
This document was produced by a group operating under the 5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy. W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy.
Forms are an important part of the Web, and they continue to be the primary means for enabling interactive Web applications. Web applications and electronic commerce solutions have sparked the demand for better Web forms with richer interactions. XForms is the response to this demand, and provides a new platform-independent markup language for online interaction between a person (through an XForms Processor) and another, usually remote, agent. XForms are the successor to HTML forms, and benefit from the lessons learned from HTML forms.
Further background information on XForms can be found at http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Forms.
This specification has been written with various types of readers in mind—in particular XForms authors and XForms implementors. We hope the specification will provide authors with the tools they need to write efficient, attractive and accessible documents without overexposing them to the XForms implementation details. Implementors, however, should find all they need to build conforming XForms Processors. The specification begins with a general presentation of XForms before specifying the technical details of the various XForms components.
The specification has been written with various modes of presentation in mind. In case of a discrepancy, the online electronic version is considered the authoritative version of the document.
With regard to implementing behaviors defined for XForms content herein, this document uses the terms must, must not, required, shall, shall not, recommended, should, should not, may, and optional in accord with [RFC 2119]. Generally, the elements, attributes, functions and behaviors of XForms content defined in this specification are required to implement unless explicitly specified otherwise. The term author-optional, when applied to a content item such as an element, attribute, or function parameter, indicates to form authors that they may omit the content item and obtain the default behavior. The term author-optional is orthogonal to the conformance status (required, recommended, or optional) of the content item.
The specification is organized into the following chapters:
Throughout this document, the following namespace prefixes and corresponding namespace identifiers are used:
xforms: The XForms namespace, e.g.http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms
(see Namespace for XForms)
html: An XHTML namespace, e.g.http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml
(see [XHTML 1.0])
xs: The XML Schema namespacehttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
(see [XML Schema part 1])
xsd: The XML Schema namespacehttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
(see [XML Schema part 2])
xsi: The XML Schema for instances namespacehttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance
(see [XML Schema part 1])
ev: The XML Events namespacehttp://www.w3.org/2001/xml-events
(see [XML Events])
my: Any user defined namespace
This is only a convention; any namespace prefix may be used in practice.
The following typographical conventions are used to present technical material in this document.
Official terms are defined in the following manner: [Definition: You can find most terms in chapter Glossary Of Terms]. Links to terms may be specially highlighted where necessary.
The XML representations of various elements within XForms are presented using the syntax for Abstract Modules in XHTML Modularization [XHTML Modularization].
Examples are set off typographically:
Example Item
References to external documents appear as follows: [Sample Reference] with links to the references section of this document.
The following typesetting convention is used for additional commentary:
Note:
A gentle explanation to readers.
Editorial note: Editorial Note Name | |
Editorial commentary, not intended for final publication. |
Issue (sample-implementation-issue):
Issue-Name
A specific issue for which input from implementors is requested, for example as part of the Candidate Recommendation phase.
Resolution:
None recorded.
This informative section provides an overview of the new features and changed behaviors available in XForms 1.1.
The model
element now must support a version
attribute to help authors bridge the transition between XForms 1.0 to XForms 1.1.
The instance
element now has a resource
attribute that allows instance data to be obtained from a URI only if the instance does not already contain data. By contrast, the src
attribute overrides the inline content in an instance
. The resource
attribute is more useful in systems that must support save and reload of XForms-based documents.
The submission
element offers many new features that allow significantly improved data communications capabilities for XForms, including:
The submission
element now has a resource
attribute and resource
child element that allow the instance data to dynamically control the submission URI. As a result, the action
attribute is deprecated, though still supported in XForms 1.1.
In XForms 1.0, submissions were already more capable than AJAX, based on the ability to automatically update a form with results from HTTP and HTTPS services, including RSS feeds. In XForms 1.1, the method
attribute now supports delete
as well as any other QName. The method
child element also allows the method to be dynamically controlled by instance data. Submission headers can now be added, and even dynamically controlled by instance data, using the header
child element. These features complete the capabilities needed for ATOM and RESTful services. XForms 1.1 also offers special submission header behavior through the mediatype
attribute to allow communications with SOAP 1.1 and 1.2 web services.
The submission
element now supports attributes relevant
and validate
, which allow form authors to turn off instance data relevance pruning and validity checking. This allows submission
to be used to save and reload unfinished data on a server or the local file system.
The submission
element now supports the targetref
attribute, which allows partial instance replacement by identifying a node to be replaced with the submission result. The replace
attribute also now supports a text
setting, which allows the content of the target node, rather than the target node itself, to be replaced with a non-XML (text) submission result.
The submission
element now also supports the xforms-submit-serialize
event, which allows the form author to provide a custom serialization, such as plain text or the full XForms document, as the submission data. The serialization
attribute also provides increased control over the submission data serialization, including the setting none
, which allows submission
to be used for simple URI activation.
The xforms-submit-done
and xforms-submit-error
events now have event context information available that provide more information about both successful and failed submissions, such as the response headers of successful submissions and the reason code for failed submissions.
Finally, over a dozen new examples have been added to illustrate submission
usage.
XForms 1.1 now offers email
and card-number
datatypes so form authors can easily validate email address and credit card number input values.
To further simplify authoring, XForms 1.1 now also provides its own definitions of the XML Schema datatypes, except the XForms versions permit the empty string. Allowing empty string means that input like an age or a birthdate can be collected without being required input for validity (an empty string is not in the lexical space of XML schema datatypes like xsd:positiveInteger
and xsd:date
). If an input is required, the form author can still use the XForms versions of the datatypes in combination with the required
model item property. The XForms datatypes also aid authoring by allowing type definitions to omit namespace qualification, e.g. type="date"
rather than type="xsd:date"
, if the default namespace of the model is set to XForms.
The readonly
model item property was defined to be an inviolate property of the data model. This means it cannot be violated by anything outside of the model item property system, including not just form controls but also XForms actions and instance data access from the DOM interface.
XForms 1.1 now contains many new functions that can be used in calculate
and other XPath expressions to enable numerous features, including:
local-date()
, local-dateTime()
, days-to-date()
, seconds-to-dateTime()
, and adjust-dateTime-to-timezone()
current()
, choose()
and context()
digest()
, hmac()
, and random()
power()
, is-card-number()
, and compare()
id()
function
event()
The specification now provides a better classification of binding expression types as well as a more rigorous definition for dynamic dependencies. These definitions ensure that XPath expressions in form controls and actions which use the index()
are automatically re-evaluated when appropriate.
Due to the addition of the choose()
function, the if()
function is still supported but deprecated as futureproofing against the conflict with the if
keyword in XPath 2.0.
The behavioral description common to all form controls has been improved to indicate default layout styling and rendering requirements for required data.
The output
form control has been improved to render non-text mediatypes, particularly images, obtained from instance data.
An example was added to show the use of a DOMActivate
handler on an input
to automatically initiate a submission once a user enters and commits input, such as a search query.
The processing model and implementation requirements on selection controls were elaborated upon to ensure consistency of behavior between selection data expressed as textual lists versus element lists.
The ability to create wizard-like interfaces with dynamically available form controls has been improved. Details are in the description of improvements to actions.
The specification provides more rigorous definitions and classifications of form controls, which have been applied throughout the specification to ensure proper support of varied features related to form controls, such as events, applicability of model item properties, and focusability.
The XForms repeat has been made more powerful and flexible. The specification now provides rigorous definitions and processing model descriptions for repeated content, including creation, destruction, IDREF resolution and event flow between repeated content and the containing content (which may itself be repeated). The repeat
is now capable of operating over any nodeset, not just an homogeneous collection. A formal processing model for repeat index handling has been defined.
The insert
and delete
actions have been converted from specialized actions associated with repeat
to generalized data insertion and deletion operations. An entire appendix of 15 examples was added to illustrate this additional capability in detail.
All XForms actions, as well as sets of actions, can be executed conditionally or iteratively. Combined with the generalized insert
and delete
, this means that the information processing power of XForms 1.1 is Turing-complete.
The dispatch
action now allows the event name and target to be specified by instance data. A new attribute, delay
, has also been added to allow an event to be scheduled for dispatch at a later time. Since the event handler for the event can schedule same event for later dispatch, it is possible in XForms 1.1 to create background daemon tasks.
The setfocus
and toggle
have been improved to help with creating wizard interfaces and handling dynamically available content. The control to focus and the case to select can now be specified by instance data. These actions have also been improved relative to the recalculation processing model. They now perform deferred updates before their regular processing to ensure the user interface is automatically refreshed.
As part of the improvement to repeat index management, the setindex
action now behaves more like setvalue
, which means it now sets the flags for automatic recalculation, revalidation and user interface refresh. As well, this action now also performs deferred updates before its regular processing to ensure the user interface is up to date.
Finally, the setvalue
action has been improved due to the addition of the context()
function. Now it is possible to express the value
attribute in terms of the same context node used to evaluate the single node binding. This improves the ability to use setvalue
inside of a repeat
to set values of instance nodes that are outside of the repeat nodeset based on values that are within the repeat nodeset.
XForms has been designed on the basis of several years' experience with HTML forms. HTML forms have formed the backbone of the e-commerce revolution, and having shown their worth, have also indicated numerous ways they could be improved.
The primary difference when comparing XForms with HTML forms, apart from XForms being in XML, is the separation of the data being collected from the markup of the controls collecting the individual values. By doing this, it not only makes XForms more tractable by making it clear what is being submitted where, it also eases reuse of forms, since the underlying essential part of a Form is no longer irretrievably bound to the page it is used in.
A second major difference is that XForms, while designed to be integrated into XHTML, is no longer restricted only to be a part of that language, but may be integrated into any suitable markup language.
XForms has striven to improve authoring, reuse, internationalization, accessibility, usability, and device independence. Here is a summary of the primary benefits of using XForms:
In the XForms approach, forms are comprised of a section that describes what the form does, called the XForms Model, and another section that describes how the form is to be presented.
Consider a simple electronic commerce form that might be rendered as follows:
It is clear that we are collecting a value that represents whether cash or a credit card is being used, and if a credit card, its number and expiration date.
This can be represented in the XForms model
element, which in XHTML would typically be contained within the head
section:
<xforms:model> <xforms:instance> <ecommerce xmlns=""> <method/> <number/> <expiry/> </ecommerce> </xforms:instance> <xforms:submission action="http://example.com/submit" method="post" id="submit" includenamespaceprefixes=""/> </xforms:model>
This simply says that we are collecting three pieces of information (note that we have as yet not said anything about their types), and that they will be submitted using the URL in the action
attribute.
XForms defines a device-neutral, platform-independent set of form controls suitable for general-purpose use. The controls are bound to the XForms Model via the XForms binding mechanism, in this simple case using the ref
attribute on the controls. In XHTML, this markup would typically appear within the body
section (note that we have intentionally defaulted the XForms namespace prefix here):
<select1 ref="method"> <label>Select Payment Method:</label> <item> <label>Cash</label> <value>cash</value> </item> <item> <label>Credit</label> <value>cc</value> </item> </select1> <input ref="number"> <label>Credit Card Number:</label> </input> <input ref="expiry"> <label>Expiration Date:</label> </input> <submit submission="submit"> <label>Submit</label> </submit>
Notice the following features of this design:
form
element, as in HTML. (See Multiple Forms per Document for details on how to author multiple forms per document)
The fact that you can bind form controls to the model like this simplifies integrating XForms into other host languages, since any form control markup may be used to bind to the model.
The XForms Processor can directly submit the data collected as XML. In the example, the submitted data would look like this:
<ecommerce> <method>cc</method> <number>1235467789012345</number> <expiry>2001-08</expiry> </ecommerce>
XForms processing keeps track of the state of the partially filled form through this instance data. Initial values for the instance data may be provided or left empty as in the example. Element instance
essentially holds a skeleton XML document that gets updated as the user fills out the form. It gives the author full control on the structure of the submitted XML data, including namespace information. When the form is submitted, the instance data is serialized as an XML document. Here is an alternative version of the earlier example:
<xforms:model> <xforms:instance> <payment method="cc" xmlns="http://commerce.example.com/payment"> <number/> <expiry/> </payment> </xforms:instance> <xforms:submission action="http://example.com/submit" method="post" includenamespaceprefixes="#default"/> </xforms:model>
In this case the submitted data would look like this:
<payment method="cc" xmlns="http://commerce.example.com/payment"> <number>1235467789012345</number> <expiry>2001-08</expiry> </payment>
This design has features worth calling out:
number
and expiry
serve as place-holders in the XML structure, and will be filled in with form data provided by the user.
"cc"
) for the form control is provided through the instance data, in this case an attribute method
. In the submitted XML, this initial value will be replaced by the user input, if the user changes the form control displaying that data.
To connect this instance data with form controls, the ref
attributes on the form controls need to be changed to point to the proper part of the instance data, using binding expressions:
ref
... xmlns:my="http://commerce.example.com/payment" ... <xforms:select1 ref="@method">...</xforms:select1> ... <xforms:input ref="my:number">...</xforms:input> ... <xforms:input ref="/my:payment/my:expiry">...</xforms:input>
Binding expressions are based on XPath [XPath 1.0], including the use of the @
character to refer to attributes, as seen here. Note that for illustrative purposes, the first two expressions make use of the XPath context node, which defaults to the top-level element (here my:payment
). The third expression shows an absolute path.
XForms allows data to be checked for validity as the form is being filled. In the absence of specific information about the types of values being collected, all values are returned as strings, but it is possible to assign types to values in the instance data. In this example, number
should accept digits only, and should have between 14 and 18 digits and expiry
should accept only valid month/date combinations.
Furthermore, the credit card information form controls for number
and expiry
are only relevant if the "cc"
option is chosen for method
, but are required in that case.
By specifying an additional component, model item properties, authors can include rich declarative validation information in forms. Such information can be taken from XML Schemas as well as XForms-specific additions, such as relevant
. Such properties appear on bind
elements, while Schema constraints are expressed in an XML Schema fragment, either inline or external. For example:
... xmlns:my="http://commerce.example.com/payment"... <xforms:model> ... <xforms:bind nodeset="/my:payment/my:number" relevant="/my:payment/@method = 'cc'" required="true()" type="my:ccnumber"/> <xforms:bind nodeset="/my:payment/my:expiry" relevant="/my:payment/@method = 'cc'" required="true()" type="xsd:gYearMonth"/> <xs:schema ...> ... <xs:simpleType name="ccnumber"> <xs:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xs:pattern value="\d{14,18}"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> ... </xs:schema> </xforms:model>
Note:
In the above example, the relevant
expression uses absolute XPath notation (beginning with /
) because the evaluation context nodes for computed expressions are determined by the binding expression (see Evaluation Context), and so any relative node path in the first bind
relevant
above would be relative to /my:payment/my:number
XForms processing places no limits on the number of individual forms that can be placed in a single containing document. When a single document contains multiple forms, each form needs a separate model
element, each with an id
attribute so that they can be referenced from elsewhere in the containing document.
In addition, form controls should specify which model
element contains the instance data to which they bind. This is accomplished through a model
attribute that is part of the binding attributes. If no model
attribute is specified on the binding element, the nearest ancestor binding element's model
attribute is used, and failing that, the first XForms Model in document order is used. This technique is called 'scoped resolution', and is used frequently in XForms.
The next example adds an opinion poll to our electronic commerce form.
poll
model<xforms:model> <xforms:instance> ...payment instance data... </xforms:instance> <xforms:submission action="http://example.com/submit" method="post"/> </xforms:model> <xforms:model id="poll"> <xforms:instance> <helpful/> </xforms:instance> <xforms:submission id="pollsubmit" .../> </xforms:model>
Additionally, the following markup would appear in the body section of the document:
poll
model<xforms:select1 ref="/helpful" model="poll"> <xforms:label>How useful is this page to you?</xforms:label> <xforms:item> <xforms:label>Not at all helpful</xforms:label> <xforms:value>0</xforms:value> </xforms:item> <xforms:item> <xforms:label>Barely helpful</xforms:label> <xforms:value>1</xforms:value> </xforms:item> <xforms:item> <xforms:label>Somewhat helpful</xforms:label> <xforms:value>2</xforms:value> </xforms:item> <xforms:item> <xforms:label>Very helpful</xforms:label> <xforms:value>3</xforms:value> </xforms:item> </xforms:select1> <xforms:submit submission="pollsubmit"> <xforms:label>Submit</xforms:label> </xforms:submit>
The main difference here is the use of model="poll"
, which identifies the instance. Note that submit
refers to the submission
element by ID and does not require binding attributes.
More XForms examples can be found in Complete XForms Examples.
XForms is an application of XML [XML 1.0] and has been designed for use within other XML vocabularies—in particular within a future version of XHTML [XHTML 1.0]. XForms always requires such a host language. This chapter discusses the structure of XForms that allow XForms to be used with other document types.
The namespace URI for XForms is http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms
. The XForms schema has the target namespace specified and as such is compatible with the XForms 1.0 definition.
<switch xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms"> <case id="in" selected="true"> <input ref="yourname"> <label>Please tell me your name</label> <toggle ev:event="DOMActivate" case="out"/> </input> </case> <case id="out" selected="false"> <html:p>Hello <output ref="yourname" /> <trigger id="editButton"> <label>Edit</label> <toggle ev:event="DOMActivate" case="in"/> </trigger> </html:p> </case> </switch>
The above example is unchanged from the specification in XForms 1.0 (in the example, the prefixes html and ev are defined by an ancestor of the switch
element).
The Common Attribute Collection applies to every element in the XForms namespace.
id
attribute of type xsd:ID
assigns an identity to the containing element.
Note:
Elements can be identified using any attribute of type ID (such as xml:id
), not just the id
attribute defined above.
Note:
The XML Events attributes are foreign attributes and therefore are allowed on any XForms element that includes the Common attributes. This specification lists both Common and Events attributes on XForms actions for reading convenience, i.e. since authors are most likely to place Events attributes on the actual event handler elements.
The host language may permit a Linking Attributes Collection to be applied to XForms elements as an alternate means of obtaining content related to the element. An example is the src
attribute from [XHTML 1.0]. The schedule by which link traversal occurs is defined by the host language. If the link traversal fails, the host language may dispatch xforms-link-exception to the model
associated with the in-scope evaluation context node of the element that bears the Linking Attributes Collection for the failed link.
Note:
Section The instance Element defines attribute src
for the instance
element.
The following attributes can be used to define a binding between an XForms element such as a form control or an action and an instance data node defined by an XPath expression.
bind
attribute is present.
ID
of an XForms Model to be associated with this binding element. This attribute has no meaning for the current binding element when a bind
attribute is present. Rules for determining the context XForms Model are located at Evaluation Context.
bind
element.
In this specification, when an XForms element is declared to have a Single-Node Binding, then the author must specify the Single-Node Binding unless the element explicitly states that it is author-optional.
In some cases, an XForms element may allow a Single-Node Binding, but one or more attributes in the Single-Node Binding attribute group are inappropriate for that XForms element. In such cases, the exact attributes are listed for the XForms element, but those attributes still express a Single-Node Binding if they appear in the element. For example, the submission
element forbids the model
attribute because the model is defined to be the one containing the submission
, so the attributes ref
and bind
are listed for submission
rather than referring to the Single-Node Binding attribute group, but if a ref
or bind
attribute is used on a submission
, it does express a Single-Node Binding.
When the Single-Node Binding is required, one of ref
or bind
is required. When bind
is used, the node is determined by the referenced bind
. See References to Elements within a bind Element for details on selecting an identified bind
that is iterated by one or more containing bind
elements. When ref
is used, the node is determined by evaluating the XPath expression with the evaluation context described in Section Evaluation Context.
First-node rule: When a Single-Node Binding attribute selects a node-set of size > 1, the first node in the node-set, based on document order, is used.
It is an exception (The xforms-binding-exception Event) if the XForms Processor encounters a model
attribute IDREF
value that refers to an ID
not on a model
element, or a bind
attribute IDREF
value that refers to an ID
not on a bind
element.
The following attributes define a binding between an XForms element such as a form control or an action and a node-set defined by the XPath expression.
bind
attribute is present.
ID
of an XForms Model to be associated with this binding element. This attribute has no meaning for the current binding element when a bind
attribute is present. Rules for determining the context XForms Model are located at Evaluation Context.
bind
element.
In this specification, when an XForms element is declared to have a Node-Set Binding, then the author must specify the Node-Set Binding unless the element explicitly states that it is author-optional.
In some cases, an XForms element may allow a Node-Set Binding, but one or more attributes in the Node-Set Binding attribute group are inappropriate for that XForms element. In such cases, the exact attributes are listed for the XForms element, but those attributes still express a Node-Set Binding if they appear in the element. For example, the bind
element only allows the nodeset
attribute. The model
and bind
attributes are not allowed on a bind
element, but if the nodeset
attribute appears on a bind
element, it does express a Node-Set Binding.
When the Node-Set Binding is required, one of nodeset
or bind
is required. When bind
is used, the node-set is determined by the referenced bind
. See References to Elements within a bind Element for details on selecting an identified bind
that is iterated by one or more containing bind
elements. When nodeset
is used, the node-set is determined by evaluating the XPath expression with the evaluation context described in Section Evaluation Context.
It is an exception (The xforms-binding-exception Event) if the XForms Processor encounters a model
attribute IDREF
value that refers to an ID
not on a model
element, or a bind
attribute IDREF
value that refers to an ID
not on a bind
element.
This collection contains one attribute for each model item property, with an attribute name exactly matching the name of the model item property, as defined in Model Item Property Definitions.
The XForms Core Module defines the major structural elements of XForms, intended for inclusion in a containing document. The elements and attributes included in this module are:
Element | Attributes | Minimal Content Model |
---|---|---|
Common, functions (QNameList), schema (list of xsd:anyURI), version (xforms:versionList) |
(instance|xs:schema| submission|bind|Action)* | |
Common, src (xsd:anyURI), resource (xsd:anyURI) | (ANY) | |
submission |
Common | |
Common, Model Item Properties, nodeset (model-binding-expression) | (bind)* |
Elements defined in the XForms Actions module, when that module is included, are also allowed in the content model of model
and submission
, as shown above.
Within the containing document, these structural elements are typically not rendered.
The XForms Processor must ignore any foreign-namespaced attributes that are unrecognized.
Note that the presence of foreign namespaced elements is subject to the definition of the containing or compound document profile.
This element represents a form definition and is used as a container for elements that define the XForms Model. No restriction is placed on how many model
elements may exist within a containing document.
Common Attributes: Common
Special Attributes:
xsd:anyURI
links to XML Schema documents outside this model
element. The XForms Processor must process all Schemas listed in this attribute. Within each XForms Model, there is a limit of one Schema per namespace declaration, including inline and linked Schemas.
schema
list may include URI fragments referring to elements located outside the current model elsewhere in the containing document; e.g. "#myschema"
. xs:schema
elements located inside the current model need not be listed."1.0"
and "1.0 1.1"
. If one or more versions are indicated by this attribute on the default model
, then an XForms Processor must support at least one of the listed language versions of XForms. Otherwise, the XForms Processor must terminate processing after dispatching the event xforms-version-exception to the default model
. If the XForms Processor supports more than one language version indicated by the version setting on the default model
or if the version setting on the default model
is empty string (whether specified or by default), then the XForms Processor may execute the XForms content using any language conformance level available to it. If any non-default model
has a version setting that is incompatible with the language version selected by the XForms Processor, then the XForms Processor must terminate processing after dispatching the event xforms-version-exception to the default model
.
Examples:
model
, with the XForms namespace defaulted:<model id="Person" schema="MySchema.xsd"> <instance resource="http://example.com/cgi-bin/get-instance" /> ... </model>
<model> <message level="modal" ev:event="xforms-version-exception"> <output value="event('errorinformation')"/> </message> ... </model> ... <model id="m2" version="1.1"> ... </model>
Since the version
attribute is not specified on the model
, the XForms Processor may choose any language conformance level, which may be incompatible with the version setting of the second model
. Therefore, the message action occurs during initialization of the second model
due to its version incompatibility with the default model
.
<model version="1.0 1.1"> ... </model> ... <model id="m2"> ... </model>
Since the version
attribute is not specified on the second model
, it is compatible with any choice made based on the version setting on the default model.
This author-optional element contains or references initial instance data.
Common Attributes: Common
Special Attributes:
If the src
attribute is given, then it takes precedence over inline content and the resource
attribute, and the XML data for the instance is obtained from the link. If the src
attribute is omitted, then the data for the instance is obtained from inline content if it is given or the resource
attribute otherwise. If both the resource
attribute and inline content are provided, the inline content takes precedence.
If the initial instance data is given by a link (from src
or resource
), then the instance data is formed by creating an XPath data model of the linked resource. If the link cannot be traversed, then processing halts after dispatching an xforms-link-exception with a resource-uri
of the link that failed.
If the initial instance data is given by inline content, then instance data is obtained by first creating a detached copy of the inline content (including namespaces inherited from the enveloping ancestors), then creating an XPath data model over the detached copy. The detached copy must consist of content that would be well-formed XML if it existed in a separate document. Note that this restricts the element content of instance
to a single child element.
If creation of the XPath data model for the instance data fails due to an XML error, then processing halts after dispatching an xforms-link-exception with a resource-uri
indicating either the URI for an external instance, a fragment identifier URI reference (including the leading # mark) for an identified internal instance, or empty string for an unidentified internal instance. This exception could happen, for example, if the content had no top-level element or more than one top-level element, neither of which is permitted by the grammar of XML.
Note:
All data relevant to the XPath data model must be preserved during processing and as input to submission serialization, including processing instructions, comment nodes and all whitespace.
Note:
XForms authors who need additional control over the serialization of namespace nodes can use the includenamespaceprefixes
attribute on the submission
element.
Details about the submission
element and its processing are described in The XForms Submission Module.
Element bind
selects a node-set from the instance data with either a model binding expression in the nodeset
attribute or the default of the in-scope evaluation context node. Other attributes on element bind
encode model item properties to be applied to each node in the node-set. When bind
has an attribute of type xsd:ID
, the bind
then associates that identifier with the selected node-set.
Common Attributes: Common, Model Item Properties (author-optional)
Special Attributes:
bind
operates. If the attribute is omitted, the default is the in-scope evaluation context node.
See Model Item Properties for details on model item properties.
See Evaluation Context for details on how the evaluation context is determined for each attribute of the bind
element.
There are many different ways a host language might include XForms. One approach uses only well-formed processing, disregarding validation. Another case uses strict validation, for example XHTML 1.0, in which only predefined elements are allowed. Another common approach is to allow unregulated content in a few select places. A host language that chooses this option can use the Extension module.
Element | Attributes | Minimal Content Model |
---|---|---|
ANY |
Author-optional element extension
is a container for application-specific extension elements from any namespace other than the XForms namespace. This specification does not define the processing of this element.
Common Attributes: Common
For example, RDF metadata could be attached to an individual form control as follows:
<input ref="dataset/user/email" id="email-input"> <label>Enter your email address</label> <extension> <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="#email-input"> <my:addressBook>personal</my:addressBook> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> </extension> </input>
This chapter defines the XForms Processing Model declaratively by enumerating the various states attained by an XForms Processor and the possible state transitions that exist in each of these states. The chapter enumerates the pre-conditions and post-conditions that must be satisfied in each of these states. XForms Processors may be implemented in any manner, so long as the end results are identical to that described in this chapter.
State transitions are in general initiated by sending events to parts of the XForms tree. The XForms Processing Model consists of events in the following categories:
XForms processing is defined in terms of events, event handlers, and event responses. XForms uses the events system defined in [DOM2 Events][XML Events], with an event capture phase, arrival of the event at its Target, and finally the event bubbling phase.
Event name | Cancelable? | Bubbles? | Target element |
---|---|---|---|
xforms-model-construct | No | Yes | model
|
xforms-model-construct-done | No | Yes | model
|
xforms-ready | No | Yes | model
|
xforms-model-destruct | No | Yes | model
|
xforms-rebuild | Yes | Yes | model
|
xforms-recalculate | Yes | Yes | model
|
xforms-revalidate | Yes | Yes | model
|
xforms-refresh | Yes | Yes | model
|
xforms-reset | Yes | Yes | model
|
xforms-previous | Yes | No | |
xforms-next | Yes | No | |
xforms-focus | Yes | No |
Core Form Controls| |
xforms-help | Yes | Yes | |
xforms-hint | Yes | Yes | |
xforms-submit | Yes | Yes | submission
|
xforms-submit-serialize | No | Yes | submission
|
xforms-insert | No | Yes | instance
|
xforms-delete | No | Yes | instance
|
xforms-value-changed | No | Yes | |
xforms-valid | No | Yes |
Core Form Controls| |
xforms-invalid | No | Yes |
Core Form Controls| |
xforms-readonly | No | Yes |
Core Form Controls| |
xforms-readwrite | No | Yes |
Core Form Controls| |
xforms-required | No | Yes |
Core Form Controls| |
xforms-optional | No | Yes |
Core Form Controls| |
xforms-enabled | No | Yes |
Core Form Controls| |
xforms-disabled | No | Yes |
Core Form Controls| |
DOMActivate | Yes | Yes | |
DOMFocusIn | No | Yes |
Core Form Controls| |
DOMFocusOut | No | Yes |
Core Form Controls| |
xforms-select | No | Yes | item or case
|
xforms-deselect | No | Yes | item or case
|
xforms-in-range | No | Yes | |
xforms-out-of-range | No | Yes | |
xforms-scroll-first | No | Yes | repeat
|
xforms-scroll-last | No | Yes | repeat
|
xforms-submit-done | No | Yes | submission
|
xforms-binding-exception | No | Yes | any element that can contain a binding expression |
xforms-compute-exception | No | Yes | model
|
xforms-version-exception | No | Yes | The default model
|
xforms-link-exception | No | Yes | model
|
xforms-output-error | No | Yes | output
|
xforms-submit-error | No | Yes | submission
|
This section defines the various stages of the initialization phase. The processor begins initialization by dispatching an event xforms-model-construct
to each XForms Model in the containing document. How the XForms Processor itself is requested to initialize is implementation dependent.
Dispatched to each XForms model by the XForms processor.
Target: model
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following:
instance
element, an XPath data model [XPath Expressions in XForms] is constructed from it as described in Section The instance Element. If there are no instance
elements, the data model is not constructed in this phase, but during user interface construction (The xforms-model-construct-done Event).
xforms-rebuild
, xforms-recalculate
, and xforms-revalidate
in sequence on this model
element without dispatching events to invoke the behaviors. The notification event markings for these operations are discarded, and the xforms-refresh
behavior is not performed since the user interface has not yet been initialized.
After all XForms Models have been initialized, an xforms-model-construct-done
event is dispatched to each model
element.
Dispatched after the completion of xforms-model-construct
processing.
Target: model
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event happens once, no matter how many XForms Models are present in the containing document, and results in the following, for each form control:
Processing can proceed in one of two different ways depending on whether an instance
in a model
exists when the first form control is processed.
If the instance
referenced on the form control existed when the first form control was processed:
relevant
model item property resolved to false
.
If the instance
referenced on the form control did not exist when the first form control for the same instance
was processed:
instance
a default instance
is created by following the rules described below.
instanceData
element is created.
name
. If the name
is not a valid QName, processing halts with an exception (The xforms-binding-exception Event).
instance
which was automatically created the following processing is performed:
name
. If the name
is not a valid QName, processing halts with an exception (The xforms-binding-exception Event).
The above steps comprise the default processing of xforms-model-construct-done
.
After all form controls have been initialized and all xforms-model-construct-done
events have been processed, an xforms-ready
event is dispatched to each model
element.
Dispatched as part of xforms-model-construct-done
processing.
Target: model
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
Dispatched by the processor to advise of imminent shutdown of the XForms Processor, which can occur from user action, or from the load
XForms Action, or as a result of form submission.
Target: model
Bubbles: No
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
Dispatched in response to: a request to rebuild the internal data structures that track computational dependencies within a particular XForms Model.
Target: model
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: Yes
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following:
All model item properties are initialized by processing all bind
elements in document order. For each bind
:
nodeset
is attached to the bind, it is evaluated to select an XPath node-set. Otherwise, if the bind
does not have a nodeset
attribute, then the selected XPath node-set consists of the in-scope evaluation context.
bind
element (for details on the model item properties, see Model Item Properties). If a node already contains a model item property of the same name due to the processing of prior bind
elements, then XForms processing for the containing document halts with an exception (The xforms-binding-exception Event).
bind
elements are recursively processed as described in the three points of this list.
After initial processing of the bind
elements, the computational dependency data structures are rebuilt, and then the change list L is set to contain references to all instance nodes that have an associated computational expression so that a full recalculation is performed the next time the behavior of xforms-recalculate
is invoked.
Dispatched in response to: a request to recalculate all calculations associated with a particular XForms Model.
Target: model
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: Yes
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following:
The values of all instance data items match their associated 'calculate' constraints, if any. All model item properties that can contain computed expressions are resolved. In addition to contributing further node value changes that will cause xforms-value-changed notifications in xforms-refresh, the model item properties that change are marked to help xforms-refresh to determine the notification events to dispatch.
An XPath expression is bound either to the value or to a model item property (e.g., required
, relevant
) of one or more instance nodes. The combination of an XPath expression with a single instance node's value or model item property is considered as a single computational unit, a compute, for the purposes of recalculation.
When it is time to recalculate a model item property, the XPath expression is evaluated. The evaluation context is determined from the model binding expression that applied the model item property, as defined for computed expressions in Evaluation Context. The XPath expression may reference or refer to another instance node, in which case the value of the instance node is referenced. Each referenced instance node has as dependents those computes which directly refer to the instance node. References to the current node's value in calculate
expressions are explicitly ignored, i.e., if an expression associated with a compute refers to the instance node associated with the compute, then the instance node does not take itself as a dependent. A compute is computationally dependent on an instance node (whose value may or may not be computed) if there is a path of dependents leading from the instance node through zero or more other instance nodes to the compute. A compute is part of a circular dependency if it is computationally dependent on itself.
Note:
Referring to a node's value in a calculate
on the node, as in the following example, may have effects that vary by implementation: <bind nodeset="x" calculate=".+1"/>
. Model item properties other than calculate
, such as required
or readonly
are well-defined in the presence of self-references.
Note:
An example of a calculate formula that contains a self-reference (i.e. that refers to the node it calculates) appears in Section The readonly Property. The example enforces a default value for a node and, as mentioned above, does not create a circular dependency. An example of a circular dependency is <bind nodeset="A|B" calculate="../A + ../B"/>
. In this example, node A
depends in part on B
, and node B
depends in part on A
.
When a recalculation event begins, there will be a list L of one or more instance nodes whose values may have been changed, e.g., by user input being propagated to the instance or by a setvalue
action.
Recalculation Sequence Algorithm describes one possible method for achieving the required recalculation behavior.
Dispatched in response to: a request to revalidate a particular XForms Model.
Target: model
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: Yes
Context Info: None
An instance node is valid if and only if the following conditions hold:
xsi:type
)
Note:
xsi:type
attributes on instance data elements are processed even in the absence of external or inline schema.
Note:
The applicable XML schema definitions are determined as defined in Section The model Element.
The default action for this event results in the following:
All instance data nodes in all instance
elements in the model
are checked for validity according to the above definition. If the validity of a node changes, then either the xforms-valid event must be marked for dispatch if the node changes from invalid to valid or the xforms-invalid event must be marked for dispatch if the node changes from valid to invalid. Marking one of these events for dispatch unmarks the other.
Note:
Since the event sequence for xforms-model-construct
excludes xforms-refresh
and discards event notification marks, form controls bound to invalid nodes do not receive an initial xforms-invalid
event.
Dispatched in response to: a request to update all form controls associated with a particular XForms Model.
Target: model
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: Yes
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following:
xforms-recalculate
(The xforms-recalculate Event), and the setvalue
action (The setvalue Element). If the value of an instance data node was changed, then the node must be marked for dispatching the xforms-value-changed event.
required
, readonly
and relevant
).
This process includes sending the notification events to the form controls. For each form control, each notification event for which the form control is a legitimate target and that is marked for dispatching on the bound node must be dispatched (xforms-value-changed, xforms-valid, xforms-invalid, xforms-optional, xforms-required, xforms-readwrite, xforms-readonly, and xforms-enabled, xforms-disabled). The notification events xforms-out-of-range or xforms-in-range must also be dispatched as appropriate. This specification does not specify an ordering for the events.
Dispatched in response to: a user request to reset the model.
Target: model
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: Yes
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following:
The instance data is reset to the tree structure and values it had immediately after having processed the xforms-ready
event. Then, the events xforms-rebuild
, xforms-recalculate
, xforms-revalidate
and xforms-refresh
are dispatched to the model
element in sequence.
Dispatched in response to: user request to navigate to the next or previous Core Form Control.
Target: Core Form Controls
Bubbles: No
Cancelable: Yes
Context Info: None
The default action for these events results in the following: Navigation according to the default navigation order. For example, on a keyboard interface, "tab" might generate an xforms-next
event, while "shift+tab" might generate an xforms-previous
event.
Navigation is determined on a containing document-wide basis. The host language is responsible for defining overall navigation order. The following describes a possible technique based on a navindex
attribute, using individual form controls as a navigation unit: The <group
>, <repeat
>, and <switch
> structures serve as container navigation units that, instead of providing a single navigation point, create a local navigation context for child form controls (and possibly other substructures). The navigation sequence is determined as follows:
navindex
specified and assign a positive value to it are navigated first.
navindex
value. Values need not be sequential nor must they begin with any particular value. Form controls that have identical navindex
values are to be navigated in document order.
group
>, <repeat
>, and <switch
>) establish a local navigation sequence. All form controls within a local sequence are navigated, in increasing order of the navindex
value, before any outside the local sequence are navigated. Form controls that have identical navindex
values are navigated in document order.
navindex
or supply a value of "0" are navigated next. These form controls are navigated in document order.
relevant
are assigned a relative order in the overall sequence but do not participate as navigable controls.
Dispatched in response to: set focus to a form control.
Target: Core Form Control|group
|switch
|repeat
Bubbles: No
Cancelable: Yes
Context Info: None
The default action for these events results in the following:
Focus is given to the target form control if the form control is able to accept focus. Changing the focus to a form control within a repeat object may cause one or more repeat index values to be changed as described in Section User Interface Interaction. Setting focus to a repeat
container form control sets the focus to the repeat object associated with the repeat index. Setting the focus to a group
or switch
container form control set the focus to the first form control in the container that is able to accept focus. Any form control is able to accept the focus if it is relevant.
Note:
This event is implicitly invoked to implement XForms accessibility features such as accesskey
and when the user changes the focus.
Dispatched in response to: a user request for help or hint information.
Target: Core Form Control
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: Yes
Context Info: None
The default action for these events results in the following: If the form control has help/hint elements supplied, these are used to construct a message that is displayed to the user. Otherwise, user agents may provide default help or hint messages, but are not required to.
Dispatched in response to: Successful insertion of one or more nodes by an XForms insert
action.
Target: instance
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info:
Property | Type | Value |
---|---|---|
inserted-nodes | node-set | The instance data node or nodes inserted. |
origin-nodes | node-set | The instance data nodes referenced by the insert action's origin attribute if present, or the empty nodeset if not present.
|
insert-location-node | node-set | The insert location node as defined by the insert action.
|
position | string | The insert position, before or after .
|
Default Action: None; notification event only.
Note:
Notification events are those with no default processing defined. Although this event is dispatched by insert
processing as a notification, repeat
processing associates behavior with the capture phase of this event.
Dispatched in response to: Successful deletion of one or more nodes by an XForms delete
action.
Target: instance
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info:
Property | Type | Value |
---|---|---|
deleted-nodes | node-set | The instance data node or nodes deleted. Note that these nodes are no longer referenced by their parents. |
delete-location | number | The delete location as defined by the delete action, or NaN if there is no delete location.
|
Default Action: None; notification event only.
Note:
Notification events are those with no default processing defined. Although this event is dispatched by delete
processing as a notification, repeat
processing associates behavior with the capture phase of this event.
Dispatched in response to: a change to an instance data node bound to a core form control.
Target: Core Form Controls
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
This event is dispatched during The xforms-refresh Event if the bound instance data node has been marked for dispatching this event due to a change.
Note:
For incremental processing, this specification does not define how often XForms Processors fire these events. Implementations are expected to optimize processing (for instance not flashing the entire screen for each character entered, etc.).
Note:
The change to the instance data associated with this event happens before the event is dispatched.
Dispatched in response to: an instance data node either changing and being or becoming valid.
Target: Core Form Controls|group
|switch
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
This event is dispatched during The xforms-refresh Event if the bound instance data node has been marked for dispatching this event in The xforms-revalidate Event.
Dispatched in response to: an instance data node either changing and being or becoming invalid (not valid).
Target: Core Form Controls|group
|switch
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
This event is dispatched during The xforms-refresh Event if the bound instance data node has been marked for dispatching this event in The xforms-revalidate Event.
Dispatched in response to: an instance data node either changing and being or becoming readonly.
Target: Core Form Controls|group
|switch
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
This event is dispatched during The xforms-refresh Event if the bound instance data node has been marked for dispatching this event in The xforms-recalculate Event or The xforms-refresh Event.
Dispatched in response to: an instance data node either changing and being or becoming read-write.
Target: Core Form Controls|group
|switch
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
This event is dispatched during The xforms-refresh Event if the bound instance data node has been marked for dispatching this event in The xforms-recalculate Event or The xforms-refresh Event.
Dispatched in response to: an instance data node either changing and being or becoming required.
Target: Core Form Controls|group
|switch
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
This event is dispatched during The xforms-refresh Event if the bound instance data node has been marked for dispatching this event in The xforms-recalculate Event or The xforms-refresh Event.
Dispatched in response to: an instance data node either changing and being or becoming optional.
Target: Core Form Controls|group
|switch
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
This event is dispatched during The xforms-refresh Event if the bound instance data node has been marked for dispatching this event in The xforms-recalculate Event or The xforms-refresh Event.
Dispatched in response to: an instance data node either changing and being or becoming enabled.
Target: Core Form Controls|group
|switch
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
This event is dispatched during The xforms-refresh Event if the bound instance data node has been marked for dispatching this event in The xforms-recalculate Event or The xforms-refresh Event.
Dispatched in response to: an instance data node either changing and being or becoming disabled.
Target: Core Form Controls|group
|switch
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
This event is dispatched during The xforms-refresh Event if the bound instance data node has been marked for dispatching this event in The xforms-recalculate Event or The xforms-refresh Event.
Dispatched in response to: the "default action request" for a core form control, for instance pressing a button or hitting enter.
Target: Core Form Controls
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: Yes
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
Dispatched in response to: a form control receiving focus.
Target: Core Form Controls|group
|switch
|repeat
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
Dispatched in response to: a form control losing focus.
Target: Core Form Controls|group
|switch
|repeat
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
Dispatched in response to: an item
in a select
, select1
, or a case
in a switch
becoming selected or deselected.
Target: item
or case
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
Dispatched in response to: the value of an instance data node has changed such that the value can now be represented by the form control.
Target: Core Form Controls
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
This event is dispatched whenever the value of an instance data node that was not possible to represent given the constraints specified on a form control has changed such that the value can now be represented by the form control.
Dispatched in response to: the value of an instance data node has changed such that the value can not be represented by the form control.
Target: Core Form Controls
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
This event is dispatched whenever the value of an instance data node can not be represented given the constraints specified on a form control.
Dispatched in response to: a setindex action attempting to set an index outside the range of a repeat
.
Target: repeat
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
The default action for this event results in the following: None; notification event only.
Error indications happen as a result of unusual conditions in the XForms Processor. Some of these are "fatal" errors, which halt processing, and bear the suffix "exception". Others are simply for notification, and bear the suffix "error". For all events in this section, it is permissible for the XForms Processor to perform some kind of default handling, for example logging error messages to a file.
Dispatched as an indication of: an illegal binding expression, or a model
attribute that fails to point to the ID of a model
element, or a bind
attribute that fails to point to the ID of a bind
element, or a submission
attribute that fails to point to the ID of a submission
element, or an instance
attribute on the submission
element that fails to point to an instance
element in the same model
element as the submission
.
Target: any element that can contain a binding expression
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None
Default Action: Fatal error (halts processing).
Dispatched as an indication of: an error occurring during XPath evaluation for a model item property (see Model Item Properties).
Target: model
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info:
Property | Type | Value |
---|---|---|
error-message | string | An implementation-specific string that should contain the expression being processed when the exception was detected. |
Default Action: Fatal error (halts processing).
Dispatched as an indication of failure of the version checks defined in the description of the version
attribute in Section The model Element.
Target: the default model
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info:
Property | Type | Value |
---|---|---|
error-information | string | An implementation-specific error string |
Default Action: Fatal error (halts processing).
Note:
This exception occurs early in processing. XForms processors are not expected to product XForms user interface elements nor even execute XForms action handlers (such as a message
action) in response to this event. This exception is dispatched for the benefit of implementation-specific processing code that may be monitoring the behavior of an XForms processor.
Dispatched as an indication of: a failure to traverse or process the result of a link in a situation critical to form processing, such as schema or instance initialization.
Target: model
associated with the in-scope evaluation context node of the element performing the link
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info:
Property | Type | Value |
---|---|---|
resource-uri | string | The URI associated with the failed link (xsd:anyURI) |
Default Action: Fatal error (halts processing).
Note:
This exception occurs early in processing. XForms processors are not expected to produce XForms user interface elements nor even execute XForms action handlers (such as a message
action) in response to this event. This exception is dispatched for the benefit of implementation-specific processing code that may be monitoring the behavior of an XForms processor.
Dispatched by the processor immediately after the failure of an output
to render or update the rendition of content.
Target: output
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info: None.
Default Action: None; notification event only.
Note:
The output
element content can include XForms actions, so an output
element can contain an event handler for the xforms-output-error
event. See Section The output Element.
The previous sections describe processing associated with individual events. This section gives the overall sequence of related events that must occur in several common situations. In the following lists, events that may be fired more than once are prefixed with [n].
input
, secret
, textarea
, range
, or upload
Controlsincremental="true"
setting, the event sequence described at Sequence: Value Change may be initiated at implementation dependent intervals.
incremental="true"
setting, no events are required to be dispatched, and thus no order is defined.
output
dispatches xforms-output-error
if it unable to process the output data (such as corrupt image data when the output mediatype indicates it is image data). This event may occur each time the output
is given new data (such as a change of data in the bound data node or a change of the bound data node).
incremental="true"
setting (which is the default for the select
or select1
elements), the event sequence is described at Sequence: Selection Without Value Change, which may be followed immediately by the sequence described at Sequence: Value Change.
select
or select1
form control has the incremental="false"
setting, the event sequence is described at Sequence: Selection Without Value Change.
item
deselected by the change, if any)
item
selected by the change, if any)
The element of a document for which an IDREF must be resolved is called the source element, and the element bearing the matching ID, if there is one, is called the target element. Due to the run-time expansion of repeated content in XForms, it is possible that there will be more than one occurrence of both the source and target elements. This section describes how XForms IDREF resolution works to accommodate such repetition of the originating document's content.
Each run-time occurrence of the source element is called a source object, and each run-time occurrence of the target element is called a target object. It is the source object that performs the IDREF resolution, and the result of the search is either null or a target object.
Whether or not repeated content is involved, a null search result for an IDREF resolution is handled differently depending on the source object. If there is a null search result for the target object and the source object is an XForms action such as dispatch
, send
, setfocus
, setindex
or toggle
, then the action is terminated with no effect. Similarly, a submit
form control does not dispatch xforms-submit
if its submission
attribute does not indicate an existing submission
element. Likewise, when an XPath function associated with the source object performs the IDREF search and a null result is obtained, the function returns an empty result such as NaN
for the index()
function or empty nodeset for the instance()
function. However, an xforms-binding-exception
occurs if there is a null search result for the target object indicated by attributes bind
, model
and instance
.
If the target element is not repeated, then the search for the target object is trivial since there is only one associated with the target element that bears the matching ID. This is true regardless of whether or not the source object is repeated. However, if the target element is repeated, then additional information must be used to help select a target object from among those associated with the identified target element.
When the target element that is identified by the IDREF of a source object has one or more repeat
elements as ancestors, then the set of ancestor repeats are partitioned into two subsets, those in common with the source element and those that are not in common. Any ancestor repeat
elements of the target element not in common with the source element are descendants of the repeat
elements that the source and target element have in common, if any.
For the repeat
elements that are in common, the desired target object exists in the same set of run-time objects that contains the source object. Then, for each ancestor repeat
of the target element that is not in common with the source element, the current index of the repeat
determines the set of run-time objects that contains the desired target object.
When a source object expresses a Single Node Binding or Node Set Binding with a bind
attribute, the IDREF of the bind
attribute is resolved to a target bind object whose associated nodeset is used by the Single Node Binding or Node Set Binding. However, if the target bind
element has one or more bind
element ancestors, then the identified bind
may be a target element that is associated with more than one target bind object.
If a target bind
element is outermost, or if all of its ancestor bind
elements have nodeset
attributes that select only one node, then the target bind
only has one associated bind object, so this is the desired target bind object whose nodeset is used in the Single Node Binding or Node Set Binding. Otherwise, the in-scope evaluation context node of the source object containing the bind
attribute is used to help select the appropriate target bind object from among those associated with the target bind
element.
From among the bind objects associated with the target bind
element, if there exists a bind object created with the same in-scope evaluation context node as the source object, then that bind object is the desired target bind object. Otherwise, the IDREF resolution produced a null search result.
For each model
element, the XForms Processor maintains the state in an internal structure called instance data that conforms to the XPath Data Model [XPath 1.0]. XForms Processors that implement DOM must provide DOM access to this instance data via the interface defined below.
Note:
Instance data always has a single root element, and thus corresponds to a DOM Document.
The IDL for this interface follows:
#include "dom.idl" pragma prefix "w3c.org" module xforms { interface XFormsModelElement : dom::Element { dom::Document getInstanceDocument(in dom::DOMString instanceID) raises(dom::DOMException); void rebuild(); void recalculate(); void revalidate(); void refresh(); }; };
If the instance-id
parameter is the empty string, then the document element of the default instance is returned. Otherwise, this method returns a DOM Document that corresponds to the instance data associated with the instance
element containing an ID
matching the instance-id
parameter. If there is no matching instance data, a DOMException
is thrown.
The implementation of the DOM interface for the instance document must not permit direct mutations of readonly instance nodes. Specifically, the implementation must not allow insertion of a node whose parent is readonly, direct deletion of a readonly node, nor setting the content of a readonly node. A node that is not readonly can be deleted, including all descendants, even if it has readonly descendants.
This method signals the XForms Processor to rebuild any internal data structures used to track computational dependencies within this XForms Model. This method takes no parameters and raises no exceptions.
This method signals the XForms Processor to perform a full recalculation of this XForms Model. This method takes no parameters and raises no exceptions.
For this version of the XForms specification, the feature string for the [DOM2 Core] DOMImplementation
interface hasFeature
method call is "org.w3c.xforms.dom"
and the version string is "1.0"
.
This chapter defines the datatypes used in defining an XForms Model.
XForms supports all XML Schema 1.0 datatypes except for xsd:duration
, xsd:ENTITY
, xsd:ENTITIES
, and xsd:NOTATION
. Concepts value space, lexical space and constraining facets are as specified in [XML Schema part 2]. XForms Processors must treat these datatypes as in-scope without requiring the inclusion of an XML Schema.
Note:
The built-in datatype xsd:duration
is not supported, except as an abstract datatype. Instead, either xforms:dayTimeDuration
or xforms:yearMonthDuration
should be used.
XForms defines the following types in the XForms namespace. These datatypes can be used in the type
model item property without a namespace prefix when the default namespace is the XForms namespace. All of these datatypes allow empty content. XForms Processors must treat these datatypes as in-scope without requiring the inclusion of an XML Schema.
Many default XML schema types report empty content as invalid, which conflicts with the use of the required
model item property. The following XForms datatypes are defined as having a lexical space consisting of either the empty string or the lexical space of the corresponding XML schema datatype. Although some XML schema datatypes do allow empty string content, they have also been added to the available XForms datatypes for form authoring consistency.
Built-in primitive types (in the XForms namespace):
dateTime
time
date
gYearMonth
gYear
gMonthDay
gDay
gMonth
string
boolean
base64Binary
hexBinary
float
decimal
double
anyURI
QName
Built-in derived types (in the XForms namespace):
normalizedString
token
language
Name
NCName
ID
IDREF
IDREFS
NMTOKEN
NMTOKENS
integer
nonPositiveInteger
negativeInteger
long
int
short
byte
nonNegativeInteger
unsignedLong
unsignedInt
unsignedShort
unsignedByte
positiveInteger
This datatype serves as a base for the listItems datatype. The lexical space for listItem permits one or more characters valid for xsd:string, except white space characters.
XForms includes form controls that produce simpleType list content. This is facilitated by defining a derived-by-list
datatype. The lexical space for listItems is defined by list-derivation from listItem.
Note:
In most cases, it is better to use markup to distinguish items in a list. See The itemset Element.
XForms includes a totally ordered duration datatype that can represent a duration of days, hours, minutes, and fractional seconds. The value space for this datatype is the set of fractional second values. This datatype is derived from xsd:duration
.
The dayTimeDuration datatype is made available by the XForms processor based on the following lexical space definition:
<xs:simpleType name="dayTimeDuration"> <xs:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xs:pattern value="([\-]?P([0-9]+D(T([0-9]+(H([0-9]+(M([0-9]+(\.[0-9]*)?S |\.[0-9]+S)?|(\.[0-9]*)?S)|(\.[0-9]*)?S)?|M([0-9]+ (\.[0-9]*)?S|\.[0-9]+S)?|(\.[0-9]*)?S)|\.[0-9]+S))? |T([0-9]+(H([0-9]+(M([0-9]+(\.[0-9]*)?S|\.[0-9]+S)? |(\.[0-9]*)?S)|(\.[0-9]*)?S)?|M([0-9]+(\.[0-9]*)?S|\.[0-9]+S)? |(\.[0-9]*)?S)|\.[0-9]+S)))?"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType>
XForms includes a totally ordered duration datatype that can represent a duration of a whole number of months and years. The value space for this datatype is the set of integer month values. This datatype is derived from xsd:duration
.
The yearMonthDuration datatype is made available by the XForms processor based on the following lexical space definition:
<xs:simpleType name="yearMonthDuration"> <xs:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xs:pattern value="([\-]?P[0-9]+(Y([0-9]+M)?|M))?"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType>
This datatype represents an email address, as defined by [RFC 2822]. Internationalized email addresses are not restricted by XForms beyond the definition in the RFC. For simplicity, some extremely uncommon features of the RFC syntax are not allowed, such as "Obsolete Addressing" from section 4.4, square-bracketed "domain-literal"s, and insignificant whitespace and comments.
Examples of valid xforms:email addresses
editors@example.com
~my_mail+{nospam}$?@sub-domain.example.info
Examples of invalid xforms:email addresses
editors@(this is a comment)example.info
editors{at}example{dot}info
mailto:editors@example.com
Note:
The string mailto:editors@example.com
is a valid xsd:anyURI but not a valid xforms:email because the colon separator for the URI scheme is not allowed before the '@' symbol. A valid xforms:email address does not include a mailto:
URI scheme.
Note:
It is outside the scope of XForms to determine whether a given email address actually corresponds to an active mailbox.
The email datatype is made available by the XForms processor based on the following lexical space definition:
<xs:simpleType name="email"> <xs:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xs:pattern value="([A-Za-z0-9!#-'\*\+\-/=\?\^_`\{-~]+(\.[A-Za-z0-9!#-'\*\+\-/=\?\^_`\{-~]+)*@[A-Za-z0-9!#-'\*\+\-/=\?\^_`\{-~ ]+(\.[A-Za-z0-9!#-'\*\+\-/=\?\^_`\{-~]+)*)?"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType>
This type defines the basic lexical properties of a datatype that can be used to represent various ID, debit and credit card numbers.. The lexical space of the xforms:card-number datatype is a pattern restriction on xsd:string
: it must be zero or more digits (0 - 9).
Note:
The display representation of this datatype by form controls is not required to match the lexical space of the bound instance data. User agents should apply appropriate conventions to the display and input of values, including separator characters.
<xs:simpleType name="card-number"> <xs:annotation> <xs:documentation> This type defines the basic lexical properties for a datatype that can be used to represent various ID numbers such as for debit and credit cards. This type does not apply the Luhn checksum algorithm. </xs:documentation> </xs:annotation> <xs:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xs:pattern value="[0-9]*"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType>
The standard defines the structure of the number as well as how to apply the Luhn formula to ensure a correct check digit. This type only specifies the format of the number. The complementary XPath function is-card-number()
should be used to validate that the ID number conforms to the specification.
<model xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms"> <instance> <payment method="cc" xmlns="http://commerce.example.com/payment"> <number>4111111111111111</number> <expiry/> </payment> </instance> <bind nodeset="number" type="card-number" constraint="is-card-number(.)"/> </model>
This example specifies that the element number
is of the type card-number
and that to be valid the is-card-number()
function must evaluate to true indicating that check digit is valid.
This chapter defines infoset contributions that can be bound to instance data nodes with element bind
(see The bind Element). The combination of these contributions to an instance data node is called a model item. Taken together, these contributions are called model item properties, and are defined in the following section. In contrast, the term Schema constraint refers only to XML Schema constraints from the facets of a given datatype.
Model item properties can be distinguished along various axes.
Computed expressions vs. fixed properties:
Inheritance rules:
Some model item properties define inheritance rules, in which case the XForms Processor needs to keep track of two separate values: 1) the local value, which is applied from an attribute of element bind
, and 2) the inherited value, which is determined by combining the evaluated local value with the evaluated values from ancestor nodes in the instance data.
Note:
The sample recalculation algorithm defined in Recalculation Sequence Algorithm is defined to operate only on the local values of a model item property. It assumes that an implementation propagates the combined values to a node's descendants.
Assigning local values:
Local values are assigned by processing all bind elements in an XForms Model in document order. It is an error to attempt to set a model item property twice on the same node (see The xforms-rebuild Event for details)..
The following sections list the model item properties available as part of all model items. For each, the following information is provided:
Description
Computed Expression (yes or no)
Legal Values
Default Value
Inheritance Rules
Description: The type
model item property can be applied to both elements and attributes. The type
model item property is not applied to instance nodes that contain child elements. The type
model item property associates a datatype (as defined in [XML Schema part 2]) with the string-value (as defined in [XPath 1.0]) of an instance node. The datatype being associated can be obtained from a simpleType definition or a simpleContent definition from a complexType. If the datatype cannot be obtained as just described, then the Default Value of xsd:string
is used. This model item property does not prevent form controls and XForms actions from setting invalid values into data nodes.
Computed Expression: No.
Legal Values: Any xsd:QName
representing a datatype definition in an XML Schema. The namespace context from the parent bind
of the type
attribute is used to resolve the namespace qualification of the value.
Default Value: xsd:string
.
Inheritance Rules: does not inherit.
This model item property contributes to the overall validity assessment of a node; the effect of validity state on bound form controls is described in Section Implementation Requirements Common to All Form Controls.
Note:
In XML Schema, an element can be made nillable. Although this means it can have empty content, nillable is defined by [XML Schema part 1] to be a property of an element, not a type. Therefore, the nillable property from XML Schema cannot be applied to instance nodes using the type
model item property.
<model xmlns:my="http://example.org"> <xs:schema targetNamespace="http://example.org" xmlns:my="http://example.org"> <xs:simpleType name="Currency"> <xs:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xs:enumeration value="USD"/> <xs:enumeration value="EUR"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> <xs:complexType name="Price"> <xs:simpleContent> <xs:extension base="xsd:double"> <xs:attribute name="currency" type="my:Currency" use="optional" default="USD"/> </xs:extension> </xs:simpleContent> </xs:complexType> </xs:schema> <instance> <data xmlns="http://example.org"> <aString>Hello, world!</aString> <simpleType> <price>100.00</price> <price>abc</price> <price currency="EUR">100.00</price> <price currency="EUR">abc</price> </simpleType> <complexType> <price>100.00</price> <price>abc</price> <price currency="abc">100.00</price> <price currency="EUR">abc</price> </complexType> </data> </instance> <bind nodeset="my:aString" type="xsd:string"/> <bind nodeset="my:simpleType/my:price" type="xsd:double"/> <bind nodeset="my:complexType/my:price" type="my:Price"/> <bind nodeset="my:complexType/my:price[3]/@currency" type="my:Currency"/> <bind nodeset="/my:data" type="xsd:string"/> </model>
The first bind expresses the default datatype of xsd:string.
The second and third binds place type model item properties on each of the four price
element children of the elements simpleType
and complexType
. Both binds associate the datatype xsd:double
with the nodes. In both cases, the first and third nodes are considered valid according to the type model item property because their content matches the xsd:double
datatype constraint. For both binds, the second and fourth price
nodes are not valid due to their content.
The fourth bind places a type model item property on the currency
attribute of the third price
element. According to this association, the currency
attribute node is not valid because its content does not match the enumeration given for my:Currency
. Note that the containing element price
is valid according to its type model item property.
The fifth bind attempts to associate a datatype with the data
element. The association is ignored since the data
element contains child elements.
Description: describes whether the node content is restricted from changing.
Computed Expression: Yes.
Legal Values: Any expression that is convertible to XPath boolean
with boolean()
.
Default Value: false()
, unless a calculate
is specified for the value property, then true()
.
Inheritance Rules: If any ancestor node evaluates to true
, this value is treated as true
. Otherwise, the local value is used.
Note:
This is the equivalent of taking the logical OR of the evaluated readonly
property on the local and every ancestor node.
When true
, this model item property indicates that the XForms Processor must not allow any direct changes to the content of the bound instance data node from constructs other than the model item property system (i.e. other than a calculate
). Instance mutations performed by submission
, form controls, DOM interface access, and XForms actions must not insert or copy a new node into a parent node that is readonly, delete or replace a node whose parent is readonly, nor change the value or content of a readonly node. A node that is readonly but whose parent is not readonly can be entirely deleted or replaced by a submission even though doing so indirectly results in deletion or replacement of readonly descendant nodes.
In addition to restricting value changes, the readonly
model item property provides information to the XForms user interface about how bound form controls should be rendered. Form controls bound to instance data with the readonly
model item property that evaluates to true
should indicate that entering or changing the value is not allowed. This specification does not define any effect of the readonly
model item property on visibility, focus, or navigation order.
<instance> <my:person-name> <my:first-name>Roland</my:first-name> <my:last-name/> </my:person-name> </instance> <bind nodeset="/my:person-name/my:first-name" readonly="true()"/>
Here, we have associated a readonly
property with an element.
The following example illustrates the ability to override the default readonly
setting on calculated nodes.
<model> <instance> <my:data></my:data> </instance> <bind nodeset="/my:data" readonly="false()" calculate="choose(.='', 'default', .)"/> <model> <input ref="/my:data"> ...
The calculate on my:data
is executed on any recalculate that follows a rebuild, including the form initialization, so the user initially sees the word 'default'. The user may make any change to my:data
with the input
, and the calculation will be executed again as a result. Therefore, if the user enters an empty value, then the calculate will change my:data
back to 'default'.
Description: describes whether a value is required before the instance data is submitted.
Computed Expression: Yes.
Legal Values: Any expression that is convertible to XPath boolean
with boolean()
.
Default Value: false()
.
Inheritance Rules: does not inherit.
A form may require certain values, and this requirement may be dynamic. When evaluating to true
, this model item property indicates that a non-empty instance data node is required before a submission of instance data can occur. Non-empty is defined as: The value of the bound instance data node must be convertible to an XPath string
with a length greater than zero.
Note:
The XML Schema feature represented by nillable
and xsi:nil
is unrelated to the XForms required
model item property. An element may have the xsi:nil
attribute set to true
to indicate that its empty content is schema valid, but if the required
model item property for that element node is true
, then the element violates the required
constraint because a required node must be non-empty as defined above.
Except as noted below, the required
model item property does not provide a hint to the XForms user interface regarding visibility, focus, or navigation order. XForms authors are strongly encouraged to make sure that form controls that accept required
data are visible. An XForms Processor must provide an indication that a form control is required, and may provide immediate feedback, including limiting navigation. This model item property does not prevent form controls and XForms actions from setting empty strings into data nodes.
<instance> <my:person-name> <my:first-name>Roland</my:first-name> <my:last-name /> </my:person-name> </instance> <bind nodeset="/my:person-name/my:last-name" required="true()"/>
Here, we have associated a required
property with element my:last-name
to indicate that a value must be supplied.
Note:
XML Schema has a similarly named concept with use
="required|optional|prohibited"
. This is different than the XForms Model item property, in two ways: 1) use
applies only to attributes, while XForms required
applies to any node. 2) use
is concerned with whether the entire attribute must be specified (without regard to value), while required
determines whether a value is required of the node before submission.
Description: indicates whether the model item is currently relevant. Instance data nodes with this property evaluating to false
are unavailable in the user interface and can be removed from submission serialization.
Computed Expression: Yes.
Legal Values: Any expression that is convertible to XPath boolean
with boolean()
.
Default Value: true()
.
Inheritance Rules: If any ancestor node evaluates to XPath false
, this value is treated as false
. Otherwise, the local value is used.
Note:
This is the equivalent of taking the logical AND of the evaluated relevant
property on the local and every ancestor node.
Many forms have data entry sections that depend on other conditions. For example, a form might ask whether the respondent owns a car. It is only appropriate to ask for further information about their car if they have indicated that they own one.
Through single node UI bindings, the relevant
model item property provides information to the XForms user interface regarding visibility, focus, and navigation order. In general, when true
, associated form controls should be made available for user interaction. When false
, associated form controls (and any children) and group and switch elements (including content) must be made unavailable, removed from the navigation order, and not allowed focus. Typically, non-relevant user interface content is not presented, or it may be styled as disabled. Elements other than form controls may also use a single node binding that selects a non-relevant node, but such elements are not made unavailable or non-operable due to the single node binding because it is not a UI binding expression. For example, actions such as The setvalue Element and The message Element or the The submission Element remain operable if their single node bindings select a non-relevant node. However, some such elements may indirectly be affected by the relevant
model item property. For example, it is possible for non-relevant nodes to be excluded from the data of a submission. Similarly, non-relevance indirectly affects the running of actions because a non-relevant form control disables event handlers that listen for events targeted at the form control element.
Note:
A core form control, group or switch must express a single node binding in order to be associated with an instance node. Due to the definition of repeat object, the relevant
model item property of the node in the associated repeat item affects the availability of the repeat object.
<instance> <my:order> <my:item> <my:amount /> <my:discount>100</my:discount> </my:item> </my:order> </instance> <bind nodeset="my:item/my:discount" readonly="true()" relevant="../my:amount > 1000"/>
Here, we have associated a relevant
property with element my:discount
to indicate a discount is relevant when the order amount is greater than 1000.
Description: supplies an expression used to calculate a string value for the associated instance data node.
Computed Expression: Yes.
Legal Values: Any XPath expression.
Default Value: none.
Inheritance Rules: does not inherit.
An XForms Model may include model items whose string values are computed from other values. For example, the sum over line items for quantity times unit price, or the amount of tax to be paid on an order. The formula for such a computed value can be expressed with a calculate
property, whose XPath expression is evaluated, converted to a string with the XPath string()
function, and stored as the value content of the calculated data node. Chapter Processing Model contains details of when and how the calculation is performed.
<instance> <my:order> <my:item> <my:amount /> <my:discount /> </my:item> </my:order> </instance> <bind nodeset="my:item/my:discount" calculate="../my:amount * 0.1" relevant="../my:amount > 1000"/>
Here, we have associated a relevant
property with element my:discount
to indicate a discount of 10% is relevant when the order amount is greater than 1000.
Description: specifies a predicate that needs to be satisfied for the associated instance data node to be considered valid.
Computed Expression: Yes.
Legal Values: Any expression that is convertible to XPath boolean
with boolean()
.
Default Value: true()
.
Inheritance Rules: does not inherit.
When evaluating to XPath false
, the associated model item is not valid; the converse is not necessarily true. This model item property does not prevent form controls and XForms actions from setting invalid values into data nodes. Chapter Processing Model contains details of when and how the constraint is calculated as well as when validation is performed. This model item property contributes to the overall validity assessment of a node; the effect of validity state on bound form controls is described in Section Implementation Requirements Common to All Form Controls.
<instance> <my:range> <my:from /> <my:to /> </my:range> </instance> <bind nodeset="my:to" constraint=". > ../my:from" />
Here, a constraint
property associated with element my:to
indicates that its value must be greater than that of element my:from
.
Note:
Specifying minimum and maximum occurrences for nodes in the instance data can be achieved by using the count()
function within a constraint
property.
Description: Attaches a P3P data element to an instance data node, indicating the specific kind of data collected there.
Computed Expression: No.
Legal Values: xsd:string
.
Default Value: none
Inheritance Rules: does not inherit.
This model item property holds a description of the kind of data collected by the associated instance data node, based on the P3P datatype system [P3P 1.0]. This information may be used to enhance the form-fill experience, for example by supplying previously-known data.
<instance> <my:person-name> <my:first-name /> <my:last-name /> </my:person-name> </instance> <bind type="my:nonEmptyString" nodeset="my:first-name" p3ptype="user.name.given"/>
Here, we have attached both XML Schema and P3P type information to element first-name
via element bind
.
Chapter Datatypes described how XForms uses the XML Schema datatype system to constrain the value space of data values collected by an XForms Model. Such datatype constraints can be provided via an XML Schema. Alternatively, this section lists various mechanisms for attaching type constraints to instance data. Attributes xsi:schemaLocation
and xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation
are ignored for purposes for locating a Schema.
The XForms Processing Model applies XML Schema facets as part of the validation process. At the simplest level, it is necessary to associate a set of facets (through an XML Schema datatype) with a model item. This has the effect of restricting the allowable values of the associated instance data node to valid representations of the lexical space of the datatype.
The set of facets associated with a model item must be determined by the following list, as if it were processed in the given order. When multiple datatype restrictions apply to the same model item, the combination of all given restrictions must apply. Note that it is possible to produce a combination of restrictions that is impossible to satisfy; authors are encouraged to avoid this practice.
xsi:type
)
type
constraint associated with the instance data node using XForms binding.
type="xsd:string"
(default to string rule).
The following declares a datatype based on xsd:string
with an additional constraining facet.
<xs:simpleType name="nonEmptyString"> <xs:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xs:minLength value="1"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType>
This new datatype would then be associated with one or more model items through one of the methods outlined here.
<my:first-name xsi:type="my:nonEmptyString"/>
This defines element first-name
to be of type my:nonEmptyString
.
<instance> <my:first-name /> </instance> <bind type="my:nonEmptyString" nodeset="/my:first-name"/>
Here, we have attached type information to element first-name
via element bind
. Thus the XForms author can extend external schemas without having the ability to change them.
XForms uses XPath to address instance data nodes in binding expressions, to express constraints, and to specify calculations. XPath expressions in XForms are based on [XPath 1.0]. A future version of XForms is expected to enable use of [XPath 2.0]. At the time of evaluation, an XPath expression must be syntactically correct. In addition, the namespaces the expression references must be in scope and the functions and variables it references must be defined. If any of these conditions is not satisfied, an exception (The xforms-compute-exception Event) is raised, except for binding expressions, which produce a different exception (The xforms-binding-exception Event).
XPath datatypes are used only in binding expressions and computed expressions. XForms uses XPath datatypes boolean
, string
, number
, and node-set
. Additionally, the type object
is used to denote a parameter or return value that can be any one of the four XPath datatypes. A future version of XForms is expected to use XPath 2.0, which includes support for XML Schema datatypes.
Within XForms, the default model is the first model
in document order. The default instance of any model
is the first child instance
in document order within that model
. XPath expressions appearing in various XForms attributes are used to reference instance data. Every XPath expression requires an evaluation context consisting of a node, position, size, variable bindings, function set, and namespace context. For all evaluation contexts in XForms,
A binding element is any element that is explicitly allowed to have a binding expression attribute, and a bound element is any element that explicitly declares a binding expression attribute. A binding expression attribute contains an XPath expression that references zero or more nodes of instance data. Every XPath expression requires an evaluation context. The in-scope evaluation context of a binding element provides an evaluation context for the binding expression attribute. The following rules are used in determining the node, position and size of the in-scope evaluation context:
model
, then the context node for the outermost binding element is the top-level document element node of the default instance of the containing model
element. Otherwise, the context node for outermost binding elements is the top-level document element node of the default instance in the default model. For outermost binding elements, the context size and position are 1.
model
attribute that refers to a model
other than the one containing the context node, then the context node of the in-scope evaluation context is changed to be the top-level document element node of the default instance of the referenced model
, and the context position and size are changed to 1.
The in-scope evaluation context of an element that is not a binding element is the same as if the element were a binding element. For example, the in-scope evaluation context for the setindex
action element is required to provide the context for evaluating the index
attribute, so it is determined as if the element could contain a binding expression attribute.
XPath expressions also appear in model item property attributes of the bind
element to define computed expressions. If the bind
element does not express a Node Set binding, then the in-scope evaluation context for model item property attributes of the bind
is equal to the in-scope evaluation context for the bind
. Otherwise, the bind
has a Node Set binding, and computed expressions for each model item property attribute are generated for each node. For each computed expression generated, the evaluation context node, position and size are determined by the same method as dynamic in-scope evaluation context rule above, except the computed expression is used in lieu of a binding expression attribute such that the bind
element is the nearest ancestor binding element.
XPath expressions also appear in the special attributes of several other XForms elements, such as the value
attribute on setvalue
and output
, the at
attribute of insert
and delete
, or the index
attribute of setindex
. Generally, if the containing element does not express a Single Node Binding or Node Set Binding, then the special attribute is evaluated using the in-scope evaluation context. Special attributes may be evaluated using the in-scope evaluation context even if the containing element expresses a Single Node Binding or Node Set Binding. However, for some special attributes, the evaluation context node, position and size are based on the result of the Single Node Binding or Node set Binding. Each special attribute that contains an XPath expression describes how its evaluation context node, position and size are determined.
In the following example, the group
has a binding expression of level2/level3
. According to the rules above, this outermost element node would have a context node of /level1
, which is the document element node of the instance data. The select1
form control then inherits a context node from the parent group.
<level1> <level2> <level3 attr="xyz"/> </level2> </level1>
<group ref="level2/level3"> <select1 ref="@attr" ... > <label>...</label> </select1> </group>
This section describes how the in-scope evaluation context of an element is determined, not whether the in-scope evaluation will be used. The Single-Node Binding or Node Set Binding of a non-outermost binding element is not evaluated if the in-scope evaluation context does not contain a context node. This can occur if the Single-Node Binding or Node Set Binding of the nearest ancestor bound element produces an empty nodeset. Also, if the Single-Node Binding or Node Set Binding of an element is expressed with the bind
attribute, then the resulting node or nodeset is obtained from the referenced bind
element. The nodeset
attribute of a bind
element is evaluated using the in-scope evaluation of the bind
element, not the in-scope evaluation context of an element that references it with a bind
attribute.
An XPath expression references a node of instance data if the node is selected during the evaluation of the expression. A node is selected by matching an XPath NodeTest or by being returned by a function call. For examples, a node can match a name test, a wildcard test, a node type test, or it can be returned by or used as a parameter to a function, or it can appear in a filter expression (where all of the prior examples recursively apply). Once selected, a node is considered to be referenced even if a filter expression subsequently excludes the node from further participation in the expression evaluation. The reference list of an XPath expression is the set of instance nodes that it references.
Given the following default instance:
<xforms:instance> <data xmlns=""> <a attr="X"> <b attr="Y"> <c/> </b> <d/> </a> <a attr="Z"> <b attr="Z"> <c/> </b> <d/> </a> </data> </xforms:instance>
and the following XPath expression:
a[@attr='X']/b[@attr='X']/c
Both nodes named a
are referenced since both are matched by a NameTest. The attr
attribute in each element a
is referenced during the evaluation of the filter expression. The filter expression rejects the second element a
, but that element is still considered to have been referenced because it was selected for further processing during the expression evaluation.
The element named b
in the first element a
is referenced, but element b
in the second a
is not referenced because the expression evaluation did not proceed beyond the filter expression that rejected the second a
element.
While performing the NameTest for element b
, observe that an XPath expression evaluator may visit all the children of the first element a
in order to perform the NodeTest. However, a node is not referenced if it is only visited but fails the NodeTest. In this case, the NodeTest is a NameTest for b
, which the element d
fails. Therefore, d
is not referenced.
The filter expression test on b
rejects the only element b
that has been selected so far because the attribute value of attr
does not match the equality test. Still, b
and its attribute attr
have been referenced by this expression.
Element c
is not considered to be referenced by this expression given this data. Although a NameTest for c
appears in the expression, the evaluation of the expression did not proceed to perform the NameTest due to the rejection of b
by the filter expression.
Finally, note that an XPath expression can reference many nodes even if its final result is an empty nodeset.
Note:
Defining a reference in terms of matching a NodeTest was a deliberate design decision that creates more references than necessary in order to make the computation system more responsive to certain types of changes without needing a rebuild operation. When a leaf node is filtered from an expression by a predicate, the leaf node is still considered to be referenced so that if the condition changes such that the leaf node would be included in the result value of the expression, then the expression will be recalculated without needing a rebuild. However, once a node is rejected from an expression, further location steps are not evaluated relative to the rejected node, so references for that location step are only created based on its execution relative to accepted nodes. For example, if the above expression were in a calculate
, and if the attribute of either b
element changes to the value X
, the expression would be recalculated but it still does not record a reference to any c
elements until the references are obtained in the next rebuild operation. Moreover, the excess references created by the definition may cause some recalculation constructs to cease operation due to circular references that would not be created with a stricter definition of a reference. A future version of XForms may use a stricter version of referencing for recalculation and a less strict definition of referencing for the purpose of detecting and performing automatic rebuild operations.
The referencing of a repeat index by the index()
function is handled as a special case. Implementations must behave as if each occurrence of a repeat
is associated with an implicitly managed instance data node containing the repeat index. If a repeat
identified as R1
contains a repeat
identified as R2
, then a repeat index instance node is managed for each occurrence of R2
that is generated by R1
. An invocation of the function index()
in an XPath expression is considered to reference the repeat index instance node corresponding to the repeat index value that it returns.
If an XPath expression references an instance node, then the expression result is dependent on the instance node. A dependency list for an instance node is the list of XPath expressions of a given category that are dependent upon the instance node. For example, in Section The xforms-recalculate Event, the dependency list of computed expressions for each instance node helps establish the recalculation order for the computed expressions when the values of instance data nodes are changed.
The references of an XPath expression may be altered by insertion of instance nodes since the new nodes may be referenced by the XPath expression if it is re-evaluated. Similarly, the references of an XPath expression may be altered by deletion of instance nodes that are being referenced by the XPath expression. An XPath expression is dynamically dependent on an instance node if its reference list is altered by inserting, deleting or changing the value of the instance node. An instance node is a dynamic dependency for an XPath expression if the expression is dynamically dependent on the instance node. If an XPath expression contains a dynamic dependency and the XForms processor is maintaining dependency lists for the category of the XPath expression, then changing the dynamic dependency implies a change to the dependency lists of instance nodes referenced by the XPath expression.
The computational dependency data structure described in Section The xforms-recalculate Event essentially stores the dependency lists of instance nodes corresponding to all the references made by computed expressions (see Appendix Recalculation Sequence Algorithm for details). The computational dependency data structure is not reconstructed in response to a dynamic dependency change. Instead, the form author may request a rebuild of the computational dependency data structures using the rebuild
action. Additionally, the insert
and delete
actions set a rebuild flag so that computational dependency data structures will be rebuild at the end of an action sequence.
Due to the rebuild flag setting on insert
and delete
, a form author can use many kinds of dynamic dependencies in model binding expressions and computed expressions without ever explicitly invoking the rebuild
action. This includes the use of functions such as position()
, last()
, and count()
on element and attribute nodes because the return values of the functions in these cases is fixed except when an insert
or delete
occurs. By comparison, functions such as id()
, instance()
, and index()
can establish dynamic dependencies that can necessitate invoking a rebuild
if they are used in model binding expressions or computed expressions because the results of the functions are affected by changing the values of instance nodes, not by inserting or deleting nodes.
There are several different categories of XPath expressions used in XForms, and they are processed at different times depending on the category. A binding expression is an XPath expression used to bind a model item property to one or more instance nodes, or to bind a form control to instance data, or to specify the node or node set for operation by an action. The evaluation schedule for binding expressions differs based on whether the binding expression is a model binding expression, UI binding expression, or a binding expression for an XForms action. XPath expressions are also used in various other attributes of XForms binds, actions, form controls, and submission
s, and their descendant elements. These expressions follow one of the three schedules associated with binding expressions as described below.
A model binding expression is a kind of binding expression that can be used to declare model item properties, and is used in the Node-Set binding of the bind
element. A computed expression is an XPath expression used to determine the value of a model item property based on instance data. Several of the attributes of bind
are computed expressions, including calculate
, readonly
, relevant
, and required
.
Dynamic dependencies in model binding expressions and computed expressions will require manual rebuilding of dependencies.
Note:
If the index()
function is being invoked from a model binding expression or computed expression, it will be necessary to invoke rebuild
manually. If the repeat index change occurs due to an implicit behavior such as a change to the focused form control, then the rebuild (along with recalculate, revalidate and refresh) can be invoked from a handler for DOMFocusIn
attached to the repeat
or each repeat object.
Binding expressions on XForms actions and XPath expressions appearing in other attributes of XForms actions are evaluated at the time the XForms action is performed. In some cases, XForms actions have child elements that allow the values of some of their attributes to be determined based on instance data. In these cases, the value
attribute of the child element is evaluated at the time the corresponding attribute is needed in the processing model of the containing XForms action.
Similarly, XPath expressions used in the attributes of submission
and its child elements (other than XForms actions) are evaluated as needed within the submission processing model.
Form authors can use dynamic dependencies in the XPath expressions of XForms Actions and Submissions without invoking any special data structure reconstruction actions because implementations must behave as if these expressions are evaluated as needed.
A UI Binding Expression is a Single Node Binding or Node Set Binding in a form control. A UI expression is a UI Binding Expression or an XPath expression appearing in a descendant element of a form control, except for XPath expressions in the categories described above (such as XForms action expressions). These include the Single Node Bindings and Node Set Bindings of the additional elements that contribute to the behavior of a form control (including label
, help
, hint
and alert
, filename
and mediatype
) and the selection helper elements (itemset
, label
, value
and copy
). This also includes the value
attribute on output
and value
elements.
Form authors can use dynamic dependencies in UI Expressions without invoking any special data structure reconstruction actions because the state of the user interface at the end of processing xforms-refresh is required to reflect the instance data as if all UI Expressions had been re-evaluated.
Note:
Implementations may record UI Expression dependency lists on instance nodes to help streamline detection of the need to re-evaluate a UI Expression at the beginning of processing for xforms-refresh. Such implementations may determine that a UI Expression is stale (needs re-evaluation) when a node on which it depends has been changed. An implementation may also indicate that all UI Expressions are stale if a node of instance data is inserted, deleted or replaced, or the implementation may streamline detection of which UI Expressions may be affected by the insertion, deletion or replacement of an instance data node.
The XForms binding mechanism allows other XML vocabularies to make single node bindings between custom user interface controls and XForms instance data. As an example, XForms binding attribute bind
might be used within XHTML 1.x user interface controls as shown below. See Single-Node Binding Attributes.
<html:input type="text" name="..." xforms:bind="fn"/>
Consider the following document with the one-and-only XForms model:
<xforms:model id="orders"> <xforms:instance xmlns=""> <orderForm> <shipTo> <firstName>John</firstName> </shipTo> </orderForm> </xforms:instance> <xforms:bind nodeset="/orderForm/shipTo/firstName" id="fn" /> </xforms:model>
The following examples show three ways of binding user interface control xforms:input
to instance element firstName
declared in the model shown above.
ref
<xforms:input ref="/orderForm/shipTo/firstName">...
bind
<xforms:input bind="fn">...
<xforms:input model="orders" ref="/orderForm/shipTo/firstName">...
The XForms Function Library includes the entire [XPath 1.0] Core Function Library, including operations on node-sets, strings, numbers, and booleans.
The following sections define additional required functions for use within XForms : Boolean Functions, Number Functions, String Functions, Date and Time Functions, Node-set Functions , and Object Functions.
The function library provided by an XForms processor may also contain other extension functions as described in Extension Functions.
If an error occurs in an XPath function, then an The xforms-compute-exception Event or The xforms-binding-exception Event occurs..
boolean boolean-from-string(string)
Function boolean-from-string
returns true
if the required parameter string
is "true" or "1", or false
if parameter string
is "false", or "0". This is useful when referencing a Schema xsd:boolean
datatype in an XPath expression. If the parameter string matches none of the above strings, according to a case-insensitive comparison, the return value is false
.
boolean is-card-number(string?)
If the string parameter conforms to the pattern restriction of the card-number datatype, then this function applies the Luhn
algorithm described in [Luhn Patent] and returns true if the number satisfies the formula. Otherwise, false is returned. If the parameter is omitted, it defaults to the string-value of the current context node.
Examples (see also xforms:card-number):
is-card-number(.)
returns true
if and only if the context node contains a string that contains of zero or more digits and satisfies the formula.
is-card-number('4111111111111111')
returns true
. Other examples of string constants that will return true
are : 5431111111111111
, 341111111111111
and 6011601160116611
.
is-card-number('123')
returns false
.
number avg(node-set)
Function avg
returns the arithmetic average of the result of converting the string-values of each node in the argument node-set to a number. The sum is computed with sum()
, and divided with div
by the value computed with count()
. If the parameter is an empty node-set, or if any of the nodes evaluate to NaN
, the return value is NaN
.
number min(node-set)
Function min
returns the minimum value of the result of converting the string-values of each node in argument node-set
to a number. "Minimum" is determined with the <
operator. If the parameter is an empty node-set, or if any of the nodes evaluate to NaN
, the return value is NaN
.
number max(node-set)
Function max
returns the maximum value of the result of converting the string-values of each node in argument node-set
to a number. "Maximum" is determined with the <
operator. If the parameter is an empty node-set, or if any of the nodes evaluate to NaN
, the return value is NaN
.
number count-non-empty(node-set)
Function count-non-empty
returns the number of non-empty nodes in argument node-set
. A node is considered non-empty if it is convertible into a string with a greater-than zero length.
number index(string)
Function index
takes a string argument that is the IDREF
of a repeat
and returns the current 1-based position of the repeat index for the identified repeat
—see The repeat Element for details on repeat
and its associated repeat index. If the specified argument does not identify a repeat
, the function returns NaN
.
Note:
The IDREF obtained from the function parameter may not uniquely identify the desired repeat
if the repeat
element bearing the matching ID resides in a repeating construct such as element repeat
. The general method described in Resolving ID References in XForms is used to determine the desired run-time repeat object.
<xforms:trigger> <xforms:label>Add to Shopping Cart</xforms:label> <xforms:insert ev:event="DOMActivate" position="after" nodeset="items/item" at="index('cartUI')"/> </xforms:trigger>
number power(number, number)
Raises the first argument to the power of the second argument, returning the result. If the calculation does not result in a real number, then NaN
is returned.
Examples:
power(2, 3)
returns 8
power(-1, 0.5)
returns NaN
.
if (prin>0 and dur>0 and rate>0, prin*rate/(1-power(1+rate, -dur)), 0)
returns a compounded interest payment value given a non-zero principal (prin
), duration (dur
) and periodic interest rate (rate
).
number random(boolean?)
This function generates and returns a uniformly distributed random or pseudorandom number in the range from 0.0 up to but excluding 1.0. This function accepts an author-optional boolean parameter that is false
by default. If true
, the random number generator for this function is first seeded with a source of randomness before generating the return value. A typical implementation may seed the random number generator with the current system time in milliseconds when random(true)
is invoked, and it may apply a linear congruential formula to generate return values on successive invocations of the function.
Example:
random()
could return 0.14159265358979
number compare(string, string)
This function returns -1, 0, or 1, depending on whether the value of the first argument is respectively less than, equal to, or greater than the value of second argument based on lexicographic comparison using Unicode code point values [Unicode Collation Algorithm].
Example:
compare('apple', 'orange')
returns -1
string if(boolean, string, string)
Function if
evaluates the first parameter as boolean, returning the second parameter when true
, otherwise the third parameter.
Note:
This function is deprecated because a future version of XForms is expected to be based on [XPath 2.0], which contains an if
construct that is incompatible with this function.Form authors and design tools are encouraged to use the function choose()
from Section The choose() Function instead of this function.
string property(string)
This function accepts a string identifying a property name. If the property name is not recognized, empty string is returned. The property definitions for this function are as follows:
Property | Return Value |
---|---|
version
| 1.1
|
conformance-level
| full , basic or a string beginning with full or basic
|
Any other NCName |
Reserved. Their use results in an exception (see The XForms Function Library for the exception type) |
An implementation-specific property value, such as a locale or timezone for the user agent. If the implementation does not support the property, then empty string is returned. |
Examples:
property('version')
returns 1.1
property('conformance-level')
may return full
string digest(string, string, string?)
This function accepts a string of data, a string indicating a cryptographic hashing algorithm, and an author-optional string indicating an encoding method. The data string is serialized as UTF-8, the hash value is then computed using the indicated hash algorithm, and the hash value is then encoded by the indicated method, and the result is returned by the function. The following table presents the keywords for the second string parameter and the corresponding hash algorithms:
Keywords | Hash Algorithm | Status |
---|---|---|
MD5
|
The MD5 hash algorithm defined in [MD5] | |
SHA-1
|
The SHA-1 hash algorithm defined in [SHA2] | |
SHA-256
|
The SHA-256 hash algorithm defined in [SHA2] | |
SHA-384
|
The SHA-384 hash algorithm defined in [SHA2] | |
SHA-512
|
The SHA-512 hash algorithm defined in [SHA2] | |
Any other NCName |
Reserved. Their use results in an exception (see The XForms Function Library for the exception type) | |
An implementation-specific hash algorithm is used. If the implementation does not support the indicated hash algorithm, then an exception occurs (see The XForms Function Library for the exception type). |
This recommendation defines the values hex
and base64
for the third string parameter that indicates the encoding method. If the parameter is missing, then the default is base64
. The hex
and base64
encoding methods of this function correspond to the encodings defined in [XML Schema part 2] for the datatypes hexBinary
and base64Binary
, respectively. For the hexadecimal encoding, the digits 'a' through 'f' are encoded with lower case letters. Any other string value given for the encoding method results in an exception (see The XForms Function Library for the exception type).
digest('abc', 'SHA-1', 'hex')
returns a9993e364706816aba3e25717850c26c9cd0d89d
.
digest('abc', 'MD5', 'hex')
returns 900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72
.
digest('abc', 'SHA-256', 'hex')
returns ba7816bf8f01cfea414140de5dae2223b00361a396177a9cb410ff61f20015ad
string hmac(string, string, string, string?)
This function accepts a string for a key or shared secret, a string of data, a string indicating a cryptographic hashing algorithm, and an author-optional string indicating an encoding method. The key and data strings are serialized as UTF-8, and they are subjected to the HMAC algorithm defined in [HMAC] and parameterized by the the hash algorithm indicated by the third parameter. The result is encoded with the method indicated by the fourth parameter, and the result is returned by the function.
The following table presents the keywords for the third string parameter and the corresponding hash algorithms:
Keywords | Hash Algorithm | Status |
---|---|---|
MD5
|
The MD5 hash algorithm defined in [MD5] | |
SHA-1
|
The SHA-1 hash algorithm defined in [SHA2] | |
SHA-256
|
The SHA-256 hash algorithm defined in [SHA2] | |
SHA-384
|
The SHA-384 hash algorithm defined in [SHA2] | |
SHA-512
|
The SHA-512 hash algorithm defined in [SHA2] | |
Any other NCName |
Reserved. Their use results in an exception (see The XForms Function Library for the exception type) | |
An implementation-specific hash algorithm is used. If the implementation does not support the indicated hash algorithm, then an exception occurs (see The XForms Function Library for the exception type). |
This recommendation defines the values hex
and base64
for the fourth string parameter that indicates the encoding method. If the parameter is missing, then the default is base64
. The hex
and base64
encoding methods of this function correspond to the encodings defined in [XML Schema part 2] for the datatypes hexBinary
and base64Binary
, respectively. For the hexadecimal encoding, the digits 'a' through 'f' are encoded with lower case letters. Any other string value given for the encoding method results in an exception (see The XForms Function Library for the exception type).
hmac('Jefe', 'what do ya want for nothing?', 'SHA-1', 'hex')
returns effcdf6ae5eb2fa2d27416d5f184df9c259a7c79
hmac('Jefe', 'what do ya want for nothing?', 'MD5', 'hex')
returns 750c783e6ab0b503eaa86e310a5db738
hmac('Jefe', 'what do ya want for nothing?', 'SHA-256', 'hex')
returns 5bdcc146bf60754e6a042426089575c75a003f089d2739839dec58b964ec3843
Note:
The following XML Schema datatypes do not have specific functions for manipulation within XForms expressions: xsd:time
, xsd:gYearMonth
, xsd:gYear
, xsd:gMonthDay
, xsd:gDay
, xsd:gMonth
. Extension functions (Extension Functions) may be used to perform needed operations on these datatypes.
string local-date()
This function returns a lexical xsd:date
obtained as if by the following rules: the result of now()
is converted to a local date based on the user agent time zone information. If no time zone information is available, then the date portion of the result of now()
is returned.
Example:
local-date()
could return 2006-10-13-07:00
substring(local-date(), 1, 10)
could return 2006-10-13
days-to-date(days-from-date(local-date()) + 31)
returns a date that is 31 days from today. For example, if local-date()
returns 2006-10-13-07:00
, then the result is 2006-11-13
.
string local-dateTime()
This function returns a lexical xsd:dateTime
obtained as if by the following rules: the result of now()
is converted to a local dateTime based on the user agent time zone information. If no time zone information is available, then the result of now()
is returned.
Example:
local-dateTime()
could return 2006-10-13T16:04:17-07:00
adjust-dateTime-to-timezone(seconds-to-dateTime(seconds-from-dateTime(local-dateTime()) + 7200))
Adds two hours (7200 seconds) to the local date and time, returning the result in the local time zone. For example, if local-dateTime()
returns 2007-10-02T14:26:43-07:00
, then the above expression returns 2007-10-02T16:26:43-07:00
string now()
The now
function returns the current UTC date and time as a string value in the canonical XML Schema xsd:dateTime
format. If time zone information is available, it is used to convert the date and time to UTC. If no time zone information is available, then the date and time are assumed to be in UTC.
Note:
Attaching a calculation of "now()
" to an instance data node would not result in a stream of continuous recalculations of the XForms Model.
now()
returns 2006-10-14T01:04:17Z
if local-dateTime()
returns 2006-10-13T18:04:17-07:00
seconds-to-dateTime(seconds-from-dateTime(now()) + 7200)
Computes two hours from now, returning the result in UTC time. For example, if now()
returns 2007-10-02T21:26:43Z
, then the above expression returns 2007-10-02T23:26:43Z
number days-from-date(string)
This function returns a whole number of days, according to the following rules:
If the string parameter represents a legal lexical xsd:date
or xsd:dateTime
, the return value is equal to the number of days difference between the specified date or dateTime (normalized to UTC) and 1970-01-01
. Hour, minute, and second components are ignored after normalization. Any other input parameter causes a return value of NaN
.
Note:
If an xsd:date
is given as the parameter, the timezone is ignored if provided because there is no way to normalize to the date in the UTC timezone without both the time and timezone.
Examples:
days-from-date("2002-01-01")
returns 11688
days-from-date("2002-01-01-07:00")
returns 11688
days-from-date("1969-12-31")
returns -1
string days-to-date(number)
This function returns a string containing a lexical xsd:date
that corresponds to the number of days passed as the parameter according to the following rules:
The number parameter is rounded to the nearest whole number, and the result is interpreted as the difference between the desired date and 1970-01-01
. An input parameter value of NaN
results in output of the empty string.
Examples:
days-to-date(11688)
returns 2002-01-01
days-to-date(-1)
returns 1969-12-31
number seconds-from-dateTime(string)
This function returns a possibly fractional number of seconds, according to the following rules:
If the string parameter represents a legal lexical xsd:dateTime
, the return value is equal to the number of seconds difference between the specified dateTime (normalized to UTC) and 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
. If no time zone is specified, UTC is used. Any other input string parameter causes a return value of NaN
. This function does not support leap seconds.
Example:
seconds-from-dateTime('1970-01-01T00:00:00Z')
returns 0
seconds-from-dateTime('1970-01-01T00:00:00-08:00')
returns 28800
string seconds-to-dateTime(number)
This function returns a string containing a lexical xsd:dateTime
that corresponds to the number of seconds passed as the parameter according to the following rules:
The number parameter is rounded to the nearest whole number, and the result is interpreted as the difference between the desired UTC dateTime and 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
. An input parameter value of NaN
results in output of the empty string. This function does not support leap seconds.
Examples:
seconds-to-dateTime(0)
returns 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
seconds-from-dateTime(28800)
returns 1970-01-01T08:00:00Z
seconds-to-dateTime(seconds-from-dateTime(now()) + 7200)
Computes two hours from now, returning the result in UTC time. For example, if now()
returns 2007-10-02T21:26:43Z
, then the above expression returns 2007-10-02T23:26:43Z
adjust-dateTime-to-timezone(seconds-to-dateTime(seconds-from-dateTime(now()) + 7200))
Computes two hours from now, returning the result in the local time zone. For example, if now()
returns 2007-10-02T21:26:43Z
and the local date and time is 2007-10-02T14:26:43-07:00
, then the above expression returns 2007-10-02T16:26:43-07:00
string adjust-dateTime-to-timezone(string)
This function adjusts a legal lexical xsd:dateTime
received as the string parameter to the local time zone of the implementation, and returns the result. If the string argument contains no time zone, then the result is the string argument with the local time zone as the time zone component. If the implementation does not have access to time zone information, UTC is used. The result is empty string if the string argument is the empty sequence or not a legal lexical xsd:dateTime
.
Examples:
adjust-dateTime-to-timezone('2007-10-07T02:22:00')
returns 2007-10-07T02:22:00-07:00
in the Pacific time zone since daylight savings time applies.
adjust-dateTime-to-timezone('2007-10-02T21:26:43Z')
returns 2007-10-02T14:26:43-07:00
in the Pacific time zone since daylight savings time applies.
adjust-dateTime-to-timezone(seconds-to-dateTime(seconds-from-dateTime(now()) + 7200))
Computes two hours from now, returning the result in the local time zone. For example, if now()
returns 2007-10-02T21:26:43Z
and the local date and time is 2007-10-02T14:26:43-07:00
, then the above expression returns 2007-10-02T16:26:43-07:00
number seconds(string)
This function returns a possibly fractional number of seconds, according to the following rules:
If the string parameter represents a legal lexical xsd:duration
, the return value is equal to the number specified in the seconds component plus 60 * the number specified in the minutes component, plus 60 * 60 * the number specified in the hours component, plus 60 * 60 * 24 * the number specified in the days component. The sign of the result will match the sign of the duration. Year and month components, if present, are ignored. Any other input parameter causes a return value of NaN
.
Note:
Even though this function is defined based on a lexical xsd:duration
, it is intended for use only with derived-from-xsd:duration
datatypes, specifically xforms:dayTimeDuration
.
Examples:
seconds("P3DT10H30M1.5S")
returns 297001.5
(3 days, 10 hours, 30 minutes, and 1.5 seconds)
seconds("P1Y2M")
returns 0
because the year and month parts of the duration are ignored and the remaining portions are unspecified and default to 0
seconds("3")
returns NaN
because the parameter is not a lexically valid duration
number months(string)
This function returns a whole number of months, according to the following rules:
If the string parameter represents a legal lexical xsd:duration
, the return value is equal to the number specified in the months component plus 12 * the number specified in the years component. The sign of the result will match the sign of the duration. Day, hour, minute, and second components, if present, are ignored. Any other input parameter causes a return value of NaN
.
Note:
Even though this function is defined based on a lexical xsd:duration
, it is intended for use only with derived-from-xsd:duration
datatypes, specifically xforms:yearMonthDuration
.
Examples:
Examples:
months("P1Y2M")
returns 14
(1 year and 2 months)
months("-P19M")
returns -19
because the duration is negative and expresses 0 years and 19 months
node-set instance(string?)
An XForms Model can contain more than one instance. This function allows access to instance data, within the same XForms Model, but outside the instance data containing the context node.
If the argument is omitted or is equal to the empty string, then the root element node (also called the document element node) is returned for the default instance in the model that contains the current context node.
Otherwise, the argument is converted to a string as if by a call to the string
function. This string is treated as an IDREF, which is matched against instance
elements in the containing document. If a match is located, and the matching instance data is associated with the same XForms Model as the current context node, this function returns a node-set containing just the root element node (also called the document element node) of the referenced instance data. In all other cases, an empty node-set is returned.
Example:
For instance data corresponding to this XML:
<xforms:instance xmlns="" id="orderform"> <orderForm> <shipTo> <firstName>John</firstName> </shipTo> </orderForm> </xforms:instance>
The following expression selects the firstName
node. Note that the instance
function returns an element node, effectively replacing the leftmost location step from the path:
ref="instance('orderform')/shipTo/firstName"
node-set current()
Returns the [context node] used to initialize the evaluation of the containing XPath expression.
Examples:
For the following instance data:
<xforms:instance xmlns=""> <converter> <amount>100</amount> <currency>jpy</currency> <convertedAmount></convertedAmount> </converter> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance xmlns="" id="convTable"> <convTable date="20040212" currency="cdn"> <rate currency="eur">0.59376</rate> <rate currency="mxn">8.37597</rate> <rate currency="jpy">80.23451</rate> <rate currency="usd">0.76138</rate> </convTable> </xforms:instance>
and the following value calculation bind:
<bind nodeset="convertedAmount" calculate="../amount * instance('convTable')/rate|@currency=current()/../currency]"/>
the content value of /converter/convertedAmount
is the product of /converter/amount
and the conversion table rate given by the rate
element whose currency
attribute value matches the content of /converter/currency
.
For the following instance data:
<xforms:instance xmlns="" id="i1"> <months> <mon>01</mon> <mon>02</mon> <mon>03</mon> </months> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance xmlns="" id="i2"> <months> <month code="01">Jan</month> <month code="02">Feb</month> <month code="03">Mar</month> </months> </xforms:instance>
and the following repeat structure:
<repeat nodeset="mon"> <output value="instance('i2')/month[@code = current()]/> </repeat>
the output should contain Jan Feb Mar
.
node-set id(object, node-set?)
The object
parameter provides one or more IDREFs. This may be in the form of a string containing a space-separated list of IDREFs or a node-set, each node of which contains an IDREF. The node-set
parameter provides nodes in one or more instance data documents to be searched. If the node-set parameter is not given or is empty, then the instance data document to be searched is the one containing the context node of the function call. For each node in the node-set parameter (or its default), the set of element nodes are collected with IDs that match the IDREFs from the object
parameter. The result of this function is a node-set containing the union of the collected element nodes from each string. An element node can be assigned an ID by means of an xml:id
attribute or an attribute that is assigned the type ID by a DTD or xsd:ID or any type derived from xsd:ID by an XML schema, or the type
model item property.
Example:
id('X Y', instance('Z'))
Returns nodes identified by X or Y from the instance data document associated with the root element of the instance
identified by Z.
node-set context()
This function returns the in-scope evaluation context node of the nearest ancestor element of the node containing the XPath expression that invokes this function. The nearest ancestor element may have been created dynamically as part of the run-time expansion of repeated content as described in Section Resolving ID References in XForms].
Example:
<setvalue ref="x" value="context()/y"/>
This action sets node x
to the value of node y
, where both nodes are children of the in-scope evaluation context node for the setvalue
element.
Note:
An intended use of this function is in conjunction with the repeat
element (Section The repeat Element and the setvalue
action element (Section The setvalue Element). The intent is to provide form authors with a means of expressing a value
attribute that is relative to the repeat context node when the Single Node Binding result is not.
object choose(boolean, object, object)
This function provides a conditional test that chooses an object to return based on the boolean parameter. If the boolean parameter is true, then the first object is returned, otherwise the second object is returned. Each of the object parameters can be of any XPath datatype as described in Section XPath Datatypes, and this function does no type conversion of the parameter it chooses to return.
Note:
All parameters of an XPath function are evaluated, so the parameter that is not returned by this function is still evaluated, and its result is discarded by this function.
Note:
Form authors and design tools are encouraged to use this function instead of the function if()
described in Section The if() Function, which has been deprecated. Because this function returns an object instead of a string, migrating from if()
to choose()
may occasionally require conversion of the return result using the string()
function.
Example:
choose(count(x) > 0, x, y)
Returns the node-set of matching x
if it is non-empty and the node-set matching y
otherwise.
choose(@x, @x, 0)
If the context node of the function contains attribute x
, then the nodeset containing that attribute is returned. Otherwise, the number 0
is returned.
object event(string)
Function event
returns context specific information determined by the string argument. The returned context information is an XPath object whose type and content depends upon the requested property. Each event describes what properties can be accessed by this function and the type and value that will be returned as the result.
The event context properties available for each event are provided in the sections that describe the events.
This function is intended for use in the XPath expressions of XForms actions. If invoked for any other XPath expression, such as a binding expression or model item property expression, this function returns the empty string. If this function is invoked from an XPath expression for an XForms action, then event context information is used from the most recently dispatched event whose action handler contains the XForms action.
Some properties defined for an event may be unavailable if certain prerequisite conditions were not met prior to the event being dispatched. Implementations may also add custom properties. If the event context information does not contain the property indicated by the string argument, then an empty node-set is returned.
Examples:
event('inserted-nodes')
If called from an xforms-insert
event handler, a nodeset is returned containing the instance data node or nodes inserted.
XForms documents may use additional XPath extension functions beyond those described here. A number of useful community extensions are defined at [EXSLT]. The names of any such extension functions must be declared in attribute functions
on element model
. Such declarations are used by the XForms Processor to check against available extension functions. XForms Processors perform this check at the time the document is loaded, and halt processing by signaling an exception (The xforms-compute-exception Event) if the XForms document declares an extension function for which the processor does not have an implementation.
Note:
Explicitly declaring extension functions enables XForms Processors to detect the use of unimplemented extension functions at document load-time, rather than throwing a fatal exception (The xforms-binding-exception Event or The xforms-compute-exception Event) during user interaction. Failure by authors to declare extension functions will result in an XForms Processor potentially halting processing during user interaction with a fatal error.
This chapter covers the XForms view layer features for directly interacting with instance data and properties from the XForms Model. This includes features that provide data from the model to the view layer as well as features of the view layer that commit data collected from the user to the model.
Form controls are declared using markup elements, and their behavior refined via markup attributes. The core form controls are described in this module, including their attributes and their content models (their metadata elements). A core form control is an element that acts as a direct point of user interaction and often provides read, write, or read/write access to a node of instance data. See Section Container Form Controls for a description of container form controls.
Core Form Control Element | Attributes | Minimal Content Model |
---|---|---|
Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding, inputmode (xsd:string), incremental (xsd:boolean) |
label, (UI Common)* | |
Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding, inputmode (xsd:string), incremental (xsd:boolean) |
label, (UI Common)* | |
Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding, inputmode (xsd:string), incremental (xsd:boolean) |
label, (UI Common)* | |
Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional), appearance ("full"|"compact"|"minimal"|QNameButNotNCName), value (XPath Expression), mediatype (xsd:string) | ||
Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding, mediatype (xsd:string), incremental (xsd:boolean) | ||
Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding, start (xsd:string), end (xsd:string), step (xsd:string), incremental (xsd:boolean) |
label, (UI Common)* | |
Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional) |
label, (UI Common)* | |
Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional), submission (xsd:IDREF) |
label, (UI Common)* | |
Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding, selection ("open" | "closed"), incremental (xsd:boolean) |
label, (List UI Common)+, (UI Common)* | |
Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding, selection ("open" | "closed"), incremental (xsd:boolean) |
label, (List UI Common)+, (UI Common)* |
Note:
Unless bound to form controls, instance data nodes are not presented to the user; consequently, there is no need for a form control corresponding to HTML input type="hidden"
.
The following table summarizes additional support elements for form controls.
Support Element | Attributes | Minimal Content Model |
---|---|---|
Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional) |
(PCDATA|(UI Content))* | |
Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional) |
(PCDATA|(UI Content))* | |
Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional) |
(PCDATA|(UI Content))* | |
Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional) |
(PCDATA|(UI Content))* | |
EMPTY | ||
EMPTY | ||
Common, Single Node Binding, value (string XPath Expression) | EMPTY | |
label?, (List UI Common)+ | ||
item (for selection controls) |
label, value, (UI Common)* | |
Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional) | PCDATA |
See also: The itemset Element (for selection controls) and The copy Element (for selection controls).
The following attributes are common to many user-interface related XForms elements, here called the UI Common
attribute group.
Element | Attributes |
---|---|
(various) |
appearance ("full"|"compact"|"minimal" | QNameButNotNCName) |
Note:
A host language is expected to add attributes such as xml:lang
as well as an attribute, named class
, that holds a list of strings that can be matched by CSS class selectors.
Further, a host language must provide a way to indicate overall navigation order among form controls and other elements included in the host language, as well as keyboard or direct access navigation to specific elements. One such proposal is to uses a pair of attributes named navindex
and accesskey
, defined as follows:
Additionally, this module defines the following content sets:
Content Set | Minimal Content Model |
---|---|
UI Common |
(help|hint|alert|Action)* |
List UI Common | (choices|item|itemset)+ |
Core Form Controls | (input|secret|textarea|output|upload|range|trigger|submit|select|select1)* |
UI Content | (output)* |
As shown above, the XML Events module adds the Actions content set into the UI Common content set. A host language may add markup to the UI Content set. When the XForms Extension module is present, it too should be included in the UI Common content set.
XForms user interface controls are bound to the underlying instance data using binding attributes as defined in the chapter Model Item Properties.
Form controls enable accessibility by taking a uniform approach to such features as labels, help text, navigation, and keyboard shortcuts. Internationalization issues are addressed by following the same design principles as in XHTML. All form controls are suitable for styling as aural or visual media.
Form controls encapsulate high-level semantics without sacrificing the ability to deliver real implementations. For instance, the form control select
enables the user to select items from a set. These form controls distinguish the functional aspects of the underlying control from the presentational and behavioral aspects. This separation enables the expression of the intent underlying a particular form control—see [AUI97] for a definition of such high-level user interaction primitives.
Form controls when rendered display the underlying data values to which they are bound. While the data presented to the user through a form control must directly correspond to the bound instance data, the display representation is not required to match the lexical space value of the bound instance data. For example, user agents should apply appropriate conventions to the display of dates, times, durations and numeric values including separator characters.
All form controls must meet the following implementation requirements:
display:inline
). By default, repeat items should have a block layout (e.g. a default styling of display:block
for host languages that support CSS).
xforms-binding-exception
must occur.setvalue
(The setvalue Element).xforms-binding-exception
occurs. Otherwise, return the string value of the node.
xforms-binding-exception
occurs.
switch
or group
(which includes a non-relevant repeat
item), or
case
element of a switch
.When a form control becomes non-relevant, it must receive event xforms-disabled
and then the XForms action handlers that are listening for events on the non-relevant form control must be disabled.
When a non-relevant form control changes to being relevant, the XForms action handlers that listen for events on the form control must become enabled and then the form control must be updated to represent the current value(s) and model item properties of the instance node(s) to which it is bound or to which it refers. The following events must be dispatched to the form control: xforms-enabled
, xforms-value-changed
, one of xforms-valid
or xforms-invalid
, one of xforms-readonly
or xforms-readwrite
, one of xforms-required
or xforms-optional
, and one of xforms-in-range
or xforms-out-of-range
.
trigger
and the container form controls). Control of this behavior should be made available to stylesheets.
Sections in this chapter define the various form controls by specifying the following:
Description
Common Attributes
Special Attributes
Examples
Data Binding Restrictions
Implementation Requirements
Description: This form control enables free-form data entry or a user interface component appropriate to the datatype of the bound node..
Common Attributes: Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding
Special Attributes:
true
, this form control will generate additional xforms-value-changed
events. The default value for this attribute is false
.
Data Binding Restrictions: Binds to any simpleContent (except xsd:base64Binary
, xsd:hexBinary
or any datatype derived from these).
Note:
This control cannot bind to element nodes that have element children. See Implementation Requirements Common to All Form Controls for user interface processing rules common to all form controls.
Implementation Requirements: Must allow entry of a lexical value for the bound datatype. Implementations should provide a convenient means for entry of datatypes and take into account localization and internationalization issues such as representation of numbers. For example, an input
bound to an instance data node of type xsd:date
might provide a calendar control to enter dates; similarly, an input control bound to of type boolean
might be rendered as a checkbox.
Examples:
<input ref="order/shipTo/street" class="streetAddress"> <label>Street</label> <hint>Please enter the number and street name</hint> </input>
In the above, the class
attribute can be used by a style sheet to specify the display size of the form control. Note that the constraints on how much text can be input are obtained from the underlying XForms Model definition and not from these display properties.
A graphical browser might render the above example as follows:
<input ref="order/shipDate"> <label>Ship By</label> <hint>Please specify the ship date for this order.</hint> </input>
A graphical browser might render the above example as follows:
The user can type a date into the text edit box, or press the button to open a calendar:
<input ref="/search/expr"> <label>Search term(s):</label> <send ev:event="DOMActivate" submission="doSearch" /> </input> <submit submission="doSearch"> <label>Search</label> </submit>
This example shows the input
and submit
form controls working together to provide the common user experience of a simple search. The input
collects the search term(s) and then automatically initiates the submission
identified by doSearch
if the user activates the input
control. Alternatively, the user initiate the doSearch
submission
by activating the submit
control.
Note:
A graphical browser on a desktop device might activate form controls such as input
in response to a special user action such as pressing the Enter key or either clicking or double-clicking with the mouse (depending on the type of form control).
Description: This form control is used to provide the user with the ability to supply information to the system in a manner that makes it difficult for someone, other than the user, who may be observing the process to discern the value that is being supplied. A common use is for password entry.
Common Attributes: Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding
Special Attributes:
true
, this form control will generate additional xforms-value-changed
events. The default value for this attribute is false
.
Data Binding Restrictions: Binds to any simpleContent (except xsd:base64Binary
, xsd:hexBinary
or any datatype derived from these).
Note:
This control cannot bind to element nodes that have element children. See Implementation Requirements Common to All Form Controls for user interface processing rules common to all form controls.
Implementation Requirements: Implementations, including accessibility aids, must obscure the value being entered into this form control. One possible approach would be to render a "*" or similar character instead of the actual characters entered. Note that this provides only a casual level of security; truly sensitive information will require additional security measures outside the scope of XForms.
Example:
<secret ref="/login/password"> <label>Password</label> <hint>The password you enter will not be displayed.</hint> </secret>
A graphical browser might render this form control as follows:
Description: This form control enables free-form data entry and is intended for use in entering multiline content, e.g., the body of an email message.
Common Attributes: Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding
Special Attributes:
true
, this form control will generate additional xforms-value-changed
events. The default value for this attribute is false
.
Data Binding Restrictions: Binds to any simpleContent (except xsd:base64Binary
, xsd:hexBinary
or any datatype derived from these).
Note:
This control cannot bind to element nodes that have element children. See Implementation Requirements Common to All Form Controls for user interface processing rules common to all form controls.
Implementation Requirements: Must allow entry of a lexical value for the bound datatype, including multiple lines of text.
Example:
<textarea ref="message/body" class="messageBody"> <label>Message Body</label> <hint>Enter the text of your message here</hint> </textarea>
In the above, the class
attribute can be used by a style sheet to specify the display size of the form control. Note that the constraints on how much text can be input are obtained from the underlying XForms Model definition and not from these display properties.
A graphical browser might render the above example as follows:
Description: This form control renders content based in part on instance data, but it provides no means for entering or changing data.
Common Attributes: Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional)
Special Attributes:
appearance
attribute, as defined above.
image/*
for image rendition. If the mediatype element appears as a child of the output
, then it overrides this attribute. If the media type is not specified by this attribute or by the mediatype
element, then the the default is to present the indicated data as plain text (with no decoding according to datatype).
Data Binding Restrictions: Binds to any simpleContent.
Note:
This control cannot bind to element nodes that have element children. See Implementation Requirements Common to All Form Controls for user interface processing rules common to all form controls.
Implementation Requirements: Must allow display of a value for the bound datatype. Implementations should provide a convenient means for display of datatypes and take into account localization and internationalization issues such as representation of numbers and dates.
Element output
can be used to display the value of a particular instance node by using a Single-Node Binding; it can also be used to display the result of evaluating an XPath expression by specifying the XPath expression to be evaluated via attribute value
. Note that the Single-Node Binding attributes and value
on element output
are mutually exclusive.
By default, the output
element simply renders the plain text of the value
attribute or the node indicated by the Single-Node Binding. However, if the Single-Node Binding indicates a non-empty data node, and the media type is specified based on the mediatype attribute or mediatype child element, then the content of the data node must be decoded or dereferenced according to its datatype, and the result should be rendered according to the indicated media type if it is possible to do so (e.g. a voice-only device cannot render a digital image).
Note:
When the media type is specified, implementations may handle the output content as presentation-only or as interactive content, and interactive content may be isolated from or capable of accessing the enclosing document that contains the output
. Further implementation experience and user feedback is required. For example, if the output content includes XForms user interface elements, it may be desirable for them to access a default XForms model in the output content or from the enclosing document.
If the Single Node Binding is absent or if it does not indicate a non-empty instance node, then the media type specification is ignored if given. Otherwise, if the Single Node Binding produces a non-empty node, and the media type is specified, then decoding or dereferencing of the instance node prior to rendition is performed by datatype as follows:
xsd:base64Binary
, then the data is base-64 decoded.
xsd:hexBinary
, then the data is hex-binary decoded.
xsd:anyURI
, then the data is treated as a URI and dereferenced.
If the output
rendition is based on the value
attribute, then the rendition is updated if the nodes referenced by the value
expression change or if the content of any of the referenced nodes changes. Otherwise, the rendition of an output
is updated if the node referenced by the Single-Node Binding changes, if the content of the referenced node changes, or if the media type changes. The media type can change by a change to the mediatype
element's referenced node or its content (a host language may also allow DOM mutation of the content of the mediatype
attribute or element). A change to the label associated with the output
causes an update to the rendition of the label (which may affect the layout position of the main output content).
Failure to render the content indicated by the output
element should result in an xforms-output-error, a non-fatal error that does not halt XForms processing. Failures can occur on initial creation of the output
or during user interface refresh (see Section The xforms-refresh Event). Failures can occur for many reasons, including
xsd:base64Binary
or xsd:hexBinary
xsd:anyURI
The content model for the output
element includes UI Common in order to allow action handlers for the xforms-output-error as well as to allow more comprehensive behavior and information to be provided for the output
, e.g. via the hint
element.
Examples:
I charged you - <output ref="order/totalPrice"/> - and here is why:
A graphical browser might render an output form control as follows:
<xforms:model> <xforms:instance xmlns=""> <data></data> </xforms:instance> <xforms:bind nodeset="/data" type="xsd:base64Binary"/> </xforms:model>
Given the model
above, the following controls can upload an image to instance data and display it:
<xforms:upload ref="/data" mediatype="image/*"> <xforms:label>Press me to attach a picture</xforms:label> </xforms:upload> <xforms:output ref="/data" mediatype="image/*"> <xforms:hint>This is the image you attached to the form.</xforms:hint> <xforms:message ev:event="xforms-output-error">Error attaching image data.</xforms:message> </xforms:output>
<bind nodeset="birthdate" type="xsd:date" /> ... <output ref="birthdate"> <label>Lexical: </label> </output> <output ref="birthdate" appearance="full"> <label>Full: </label> </output> <output ref="birthdate" appearance="minimal"> <label>Minimal: </label> </output>
A graphical browser may take into account the appearance
and the localization information from the host language and present the above output form controls as follows:
Lexical: 1998-01-19 Full: 19 janvier 1998 Minimal: 19/01/1998
Binding attributes on author-optional element mediatype
specify the location in the instance of the string that indicates the desired media type rendition for the parent output
. If the binding attributes are not used, the value
attribute must be used instead to specify the desired media type rendition.
Common Attributes: Common, Single Node Binding
Special Attributes:
Description: This form control enables the common feature found on Web sites to upload a file from the local file system, as well as accepting input from various devices including microphones, pens, and digital cameras.
Common Attributes: Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding
Special Attributes:
true
, this form control will generate additional xforms-value-changed
events. The default for this form control is false
.
Data Binding Restrictions: This form control can only be bound to datatypes xsd:anyURI
, xsd:base64Binary
or xsd:hexBinary
, or types derived by restriction from these.
Note:
This control cannot bind to element nodes that have element children. See Implementation Requirements Common to All Form Controls for user interface processing rules common to all form controls.
Implementation Requirements: For base64Binary or hexBinary data binding:
xsd:base64binary
, xsd:hexBinary
, or a type derived by restriction thereof, on activation upload
places the binary content in the content of the node with the indicated encoding.
Implementation Requirements: For anyURI data binding:
xsd:anyURI
(or a type derived by restriction thereof), on activation upload
places a URI in the content of the node.upload
must associate the binary content, mediatype, and filename with that URI for Serialization as multipart/related and Serialization as multipart/form-data serialization.mediatype
, for example defaulting to only audio file types in the file dialog when the mediatype is "audio/*".
Implementation Requirements: For all data bindings:
text/rtf
could invoke an edit window with a proprietary word processing application)
See the child elements filename
(The filename Element) and mediatype
(The mediatype Element (for upload)).
Example:
<upload ref="mail/attachment" mediatype="image/*"> <label>Select image:</label> <filename ref="@filename" /> <mediatype ref="@mediatype" /> </upload>
A graphical browser might render this form control as follows:
Implementation Requirements:
filename
is present and a filename is available, upload
places the filename of the data to upload in the instance at the node indicated by the binding attributes on child element filename
.
mediatype
is present and a mediatype is available, upload
places the mediatype of the data to upload in the instance at the node indicated by the binding attributes on child element mediatype
.
Binding attributes on author-optional element filename
specify the location in the instance for the parent element upload
, when activated, to place the filename for the chosen binary resource. For security reasons, upload
must not take action due to any existing value of the node.
Common Attributes: Common, Single Node Binding
Content: EMPTY
In the following example, the user is prompted to select an image. When activated, upload
places in mail/attachment
either the binary data of the image or a URI for it, depending on the type declared for the mail/attachment
. The filename, perhaps "me.jpg
", is placed in the attribute node mail/attachment/@filename
, and the mediatype, perhaps "image/jpeg
" in the attribute node mail/attachment/@mediatype
.
Example:
<upload ref="mail/attachment" mediatype="image/*"> <label>Select an image to attach</label> <filename ref="@filename"/> <mediatype ref="@mediatype"/> </upload>
Binding attributes on author-optional element mediatype
specify the location in the instance for the parent element upload
, when activated, to place the mediatype of the chosen binary resource, if available.
Common Attributes: Common, Single Node Binding
Content: EMPTY
Description: This form control allows selection from a sequential range of values.
Common Attributes: Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding
Special Attributes:
true
, this form control will generate additional xforms-value-changed
events. The default for this form control is false
.
Data Binding Restrictions: Binds only the following list of datatypes, or datatypes derived by restriction from those in the list: xsd:duration
, xsd:date
, xsd:time
, xsd:dateTime
, xsd:gYearMonth
, xsd:gYear
, xsd:gMonthDay
, xsd:gDay
, xsd:gMonth
, xsd:float
, xsd:double
, and xsd:decimal
.
Note:
The above list of datatypes includes by derivation all of the integer datatypes (), all of the XForms datatypes defined in Section XForms Datatypes that correspond to the allowed XML schema datatypes, and the datatypes defined in xforms:dayTimeDuration and xforms:yearMonthDuration.
Note:
This control cannot bind to element nodes that have element children. See Implementation Requirements Common to All Form Controls for user interface processing rules common to all form controls.
Implementation Requirements: Must allow input of a value corresponding to the bound datatype. Implementations should inform the user of the upper and lower bounds, as well as the step size, if any. If the instance data value is outside the upper or lower bounds, this form control must indicate an out-of-range condition. In graphical environments, this form control may be rendered as a "slider" or "rotary control".
In the event of overlapping restrictions between the underlying datatype and the start
and end
hints, the most restrictive range should be used.
Notice that the attributes of this element encapsulate sufficient metadata that in conjunction with the type information available from the XForms Model proves sufficient to produce meaningful prompts when using modalities such as speech, e.g., when using an accessibility aid. Thus, in the example below, an aural user agent might speak a prompt of the form Please pick a date in the range January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2001.
Examples:
<range ref="/stats/balance" start="-2.0" end="2.0" step="0.5"> <label>Balance</label> </range>
A graphical browser might render this as follows:
<range ref="/order/shipDate" start="2001-01-01" end="2001-12-31"> <label>Ship Date</label> </range>
Description: This form control is similar to the HTML element button
and allows for user-triggered actions. This form control may also be used to construct other custom form controls.
Common Attributes: Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional)
Data Binding Restrictions: Binds to any node. This form control does not directly interact with form data, but is affected by model item properties of the bound node, thus binding attributes are not required.
Implementation Requirements: The user agent must provide a means to generate an DOMActivate
event on the form control. Graphical implementations might render this form control as a push-button with the label on the button face. Style sheets can be used to style this form control as an image, hyperlink, or other presentation.
Although a trigger
element receives events associated with model item properties of a bound node, such as xforms-readonly
and xforms-invalid
, the XForms processor must not impart special behaviors on this control for model item properties other than the model item property relevant
of a bound data node. For example, the readonly
model item property of a bound data node does not affect whether or not the trigger
can be activated.
Typically, a style sheet would be used to determine the exact appearance of form controls, though a means is provided to suggest an appearance through attribute appearance
. Suggested renditions for the pre-defined values of this attribute are as follows:
"full": visually rendered as a standard button control with border.
"compact": visually rendered as a standard button control without border
"minimal": rendered with no border, a transparent background and underline font effect. This rendition hint is meant to be analogous to the typical visual rendition of an XHTML anchor element.
Example:
<trigger> <label>Click here</label> </trigger>
Description: This form control initiates a submission .
Common Attributes: Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional)
Special Attributes:
submission
. If this attribute is given but does not identify a submission
element, then activating the submit
does not result in the dispatch of an xforms-submit
event. If this attribute is omitted, then the first submission
in document order from the model
associated with the in-scope evaluation context is used.
Data Binding Restrictions: Binds to any node. This form control does not directly interact with form data, but is affected by model item properties of the bound node, thus binding attributes are not required.
Implementation Requirements: The default action for event DOMActivate
is to dispatch event xforms-submit
to the submission
element specified by attribute submission
(or its default). Upon activation, this control must become unavailable for further activations until the submit process concludes with either an xforms-submit-done
or xforms-submit-error
event.
Typically, a style sheet would be used to determine the exact appearance of form controls, though a means is provided to suggest an appearance through attribute appearance
. Suggested renditions for the pre-defined values of this attribute are the same as for trigger.
Example:
<submit submission="timecard"> <label>Submit Timecard</label> </submit>
Description: This form control allows the user to make multiple selections from a set of choices.
Common Attributes: Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding
Special Attributes:
true
, this form control will generate additional xforms-value-changed
events. The default for this form control is true
.
Data Binding Restrictions: any simpleContent capable of holding a sequence. The restriction to binding simpleContent exists when the choices are authored as part of the user interface control as shown in this section. Element itemset
(described in The itemset Element) creates dynamic selection items and allows the available choices to be obtained from an XForms Model. When itemset
uses the value
element, the restriction to binding simpleContent remains in effect. However, the itemset
also allows for the selection and deselection of subtrees of instance data using the copy
element, and when using that construct, the data binding restriction to simpleContent is relaxed, but the form control must bind to an element with no mixed content.
Note:
Except in the case described above where the simpleContent data binding restriction is relaxed, this control cannot bind to element nodes that have element children. See Implementation Requirements Common to All Form Controls for user interface processing rules common to all form controls.
Note:
A limitation of the XML Schema list datatypes is that white space characters in the storage values (the value
element) are always interpreted as separators between individual data values. Therefore, authors should avoid using white space characters within storage values with list simpleContent.
<item> <value>United States of America</value> ... </item>
When selected, this item would introduce not one but four additional selection values: "America", "of", "States", and "United".
Implementation Requirements: The label for each choice must be presented, and the control must allow any number of selections, possibly none. When this form control uses the value
element for selection, it stores the values corresponding to the selected choices in a space separated list in the location addressed by the binding attributes. The values to be stored for selected items are either directly specified as the contents of element value
, or specified indirectly through binding attributes on element value
. When this form control uses the copy
element for selection, it stores copies of the subtrees corresponding to the selected choices in the location addressed by the binding attributes.
The datatype bound to this form control may include a non-enumerated value space, e.g., xsd:string
, or a union of a enumeration and a non-enumerated datatype (called an open enumeration). In this case, control select
may have attribute selection="open"
. The form control must then allow free data entry, as described in The input Element. The form control may permit multiple values to be entered through free entry.
For closed selections: If the instance data matches the storage data of one or more of the selection items, those items are selected. If there is no match, no items are initially selected. If any of the stored values or subtree copies do not correspond to an item with a matching storage value or subtree, the form control must indicate an out-of-range condition. If the form control switches to or from being out-of-range, then xforms-out-of-range
or xforms-in-range
must be dispatched to the form control.
For open selections: When using dynamic selections with the itemset
and copy
elements, open selection has no effect. If the instance data matches the storage values specified by one or more of the selection items, then all such matching items are selected. If any instance data list values do not match the storage value specified by one or more of the items, all such non-matching values are retained, as if entered through free entry. Free entry text is handled the same as form control input
(The input Element), possibly in multiplicity.
For both closed and open selections, any selection item with an empty storage data subtree or a storage value that is either empty or contains only white space characters must remain deselected.
For both closed and open selections, the above rules describe which items are considered to be selected and deselected by the control. The select
form control changes the states of selected and deselected items on creation, refresh, and user selection or deselection of an item. Newly selected items receive the event xforms-select
immediately after all newly deselected items receive the event xforms-deselect
. The content of the instance node bound to the selection control must only be changed by the addition or deletion of storage data associated with items that have been selected or deselected. Content not associated with selection items is preserved. For selection controls that use the value
element, the net effect of newly selected and deselected items is computed into a string, preserving content not associated with selection items, and the result is then committed to the bound instance node by using the XForms Action The setvalue Element. For selection controls that use the copy
element, the individual subtrees associated with the newly selected and deselected items are added or removed individually by using The insert Element and The delete Element.
Implementation Hints:
For closed selections, when the form control is created or refreshed to reflect bound instance data, behavior equivalent to the following steps occurs:
When the user selects an item which was previously deselected, behavior equivalent to the following steps occurs:
When the user deselects an item which was previously selected, behavior equivalent to the following steps occurs:
For open selections: when the form control is created or refreshed to reflect bound instance data, the behavior is the same as with closed selection, except the form control never indicates an out-of-range condition.
An accessibility aid might allow the user to browse through the available choices and leverage the grouping of choices in the markup to provide enhanced navigation through long lists of choices.
Typically, a style sheet would be used to determine the exact appearance of form controls, though a means is provided to suggest an appearance through attribute appearance
. The value of the attribute consists of one of the following values:
"full": all choices should be rendered at all times.
"compact": a fixed number of choices should be rendered, with scrolling facilities as needed
"minimal": a minimum number of choices should be rendered, with a facility to temporarily render additional choices
Example:
<select ref="my:flavors"> <label>Flavors</label> <choices> <item> <label>Vanilla</label> <value>v</value> </item> <item> <label>Strawberry</label> <value>s</value> </item> <item> <label>Chocolate</label> <value>c</value> </item> </choices> </select>
In the above example, more than one flavor can be selected.
A graphical browser might render form control select
as any of the following:
appearance="full"
| appearance="compact"
| appearance="minimal"
|
---|---|---|
|
|
|
Description: This form control allows the user to make a single selection from multiple choices.
Common Attributes: Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding
Special Attributes:
true
, this form control will generate additional xforms-value-changed
events. The default for this form control is true
.
Data Binding Restrictions: Binds to any simpleContent. The restriction to binding simpleContent exists when the choices are authored as part of the user interface control as shown in this section. Element itemset
(described in The itemset Element) creates dynamic selection items and allows the available choices to be obtained from an XForms Model. When itemset
uses the value
element, the restriction to binding simpleContent remains in effect. However, the itemset
also allows for the selection and deselection of subtrees of instance data using the copy
element, and when using that construct, the data binding restriction to simpleContent is relaxed, but the form control must bind to an element with no mixed content.
Note:
Except in the case described above where the simpleContent data binding restriction is relaxed, this control cannot bind to element nodes that have element children. See Implementation Requirements Common to All Form Controls for user interface processing rules common to all form controls.
Implementation Requirements: The label for each choice must be presented, and the control must allow at all times exactly one selection. When this form control uses the value
element for selection, it stores the value corresponding to the selected choice in the location addressed by the binding attributes. The value to be stored is either directly specified as the contents of element value
, or specified indirectly through binding attributes on element value
. When this form control uses the copy
element for selection, it stores a copy of the subtree corresponding to the selected choice in the location addressed by the binding attributes.
The datatype bound to this form control may include a non-enumerated value space, e.g., xsd:string
, or a union of a enumeration and a non-enumerated datatype (called an open enumeration). In this case, control select1
may have attribute selection="open"
. The form control must then allow free-form data entry, as described in The input Element.
For closed selections: If the instance data matches the storage data of one of the selection items, that item is selected. If there is no match, no items are initially selected. If there is no match and the storage data is non-empty, the form control must indicate an out-of-range condition. If the form control switches to or from being out-of-range, then xforms-out-of-range
or xforms-in-range
must be dispatched to the form control.
For open selections: When using dynamic selections with the itemset
and copy
elements, open selection has no effect. If the instance data matches the storage value specified by one of the selection items, then the first such matching item is selected. Otherwise, no items are selected and the instance data value is retained, as if entered through free text entry. Free entry text is handled the same as form control input
(The input Element).
For both closed and open selections, any selection item with a storage value which is empty or which contains only white space characters must remain deselected.
For both closed and open selections, the above rules describe which items are considered to be selected by the control. Items that are not selected are considered to be deselected. The select1
form control changes the states of selected and deselected items on creation, refresh, and user selection or deselection of an item. A newly selected item receives the event xforms-select
immediately after all other items receive the event xforms-deselect
. The content of the instance node bound to the selection control must only be changed by the addition or deletion of storage data associated with items that have been selected or deselected. Content not associated with selection items is preserved. For selection controls that use the value
element, the net effect of newly selected and deselected items is computed into a string, preserving content not associated with selection items, and the result is then committed to the bound instance node by using the XForms Action The setvalue Element. For selection controls that use the copy
element, the individual subtrees associated with the newly selected and deselected items are added or removed individually by using The insert Element and The delete Element.
Implementation Hints:
For closed selections, when the form control is created or refreshed to reflect bound instance data, behavior equivalent to the following steps occurs:
When the user selects an item which was previously deselected, behavior equivalent to the following steps occurs:
When the user deselects an item which was previously selected, behavior equivalent to the following steps occurs:
For open selections: when the form control is created or refreshed to reflect bound instance data, the behavior is the same as with closed selection, except the form control never indicates an out-of-range condition.
An accessibility aid might allow the user to browse through the available choices and leverage the grouping of choices in the markup to provide enhanced navigation through long lists of choices.
User interfaces may choose to render this form control as a pulldown list or group of radio buttons, among other options. The appearance
attribute offers a hint as to which rendering might be most appropriate, although any styling information (such as CSS) should take precedence.
Example:
<select1 ref="my:flavor"> <label>Flavor</label> <item> <label>Vanilla</label> <value>v</value> </item> <item> <label>Strawberry</label> <value>s</value> </item> <item> <label>Chocolate</label> <value>c</value> </item> </select1>
In the above example, selecting one of the choices will result in the associated value given by element value
on the selected item being set in the underlying instance data at the location icecream/flavor
.
A graphical browser might render this form control as any of the following:
appearance="full" | appearance="compact" | appearance="minimal" |
---|---|---|
|
|
|
The child elements detailed below provide the ability to attach metadata to many form controls and other elements.
label
elements
accept-language
headers from the client, to serve up the user interface with messages localized to the client's locale.
This element provides a descriptive label for the containing form control. The descriptive label can be presented visually and made available to accessibility software so the visually-impaired user can obtain a short description of form controls while navigating among them.
Common Attributes: Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional)
Special Attributes: None
The label specified can exist in instance data or as inline text. If more than one source of label is specified in this element, the order of precedence is: single node binding attributes, inline text.
An accessibility aid might speak the metadata encapsulated here when the containing form control gets focus.
The author-optional element help
provides a convenient way to attach help information to a form control.
Common Attributes: Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional)
Special Attributes: None
The message specified can exist in instance data or as inline text. If more than one source of message is specified in this element, the order of precedence is: single node binding attributes, inline text.
An example of this element is at The message Element.
The author-optional element hint
provides a convenient way to attach hint information to a form control.
Common Attributes: Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional)
Special Attributes: None
The message specified can exist in instance data or as inline text. If more than one source of message is specified in this element, the order of precedence is: single node binding attributes, inline text.
An example of this element is at The message Element.
The author-optional element alert
provides a convenient way to attach alert or error information to a form control. Rendering of this element is implementation-defined, and there is no default level
such as modal
or ephemeral
for the displayed message.
Common Attributes: Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional)
Special Attributes: None
The message specified can exist in instance data or as inline text. If more than one source of message is specified in this element, the order of precedence is: single node binding attributes, inline text. See XForms and Styling for examples to see how this might be presented to the user.
This element is used within selection form controls to group available choices. This provides the same functionality as element optgroup
in HTML.
Common Attributes: Common
This element specifies the storage value and label to represent an item in a list. It is found within elements select1
and select
, or grouped in element choices
.
Common Attributes: Common
This element provides a storage value to be used when an item
is selected. The storage value is determined by one of three methods, in order of precedence:
value
, if specified
value
element (when neither the single node binding nor the value
attribute are expressed).
Common Attributes: Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional)
Special Attributes:
item
when it is selected. If a single node binding is expressed, then this attribute has no effect. The evaluation context is the same as would be applied to the evaluation of the single node binding. An empty string is used if the XPath evaluation fails.
Data Binding Restriction: All lexical values must be valid according to the datatype bound to the selection control. If the single node binding attributes are used and indicate a node in a model other than the bound node of the containing selection control, then an xforms-binding-exception
must occur.
This chapter covers XForms view layer features for combining core form controls into user interfaces using container form controls. All core form controls defined in Core Form Controls are treated as individual units for purposes of visual layout e.g., in XHTML processing. A container form control is a form control that provides the ability to combine other form controls in its content into user interfaces.
Aggregation of form controls with markup defined in this chapter provides semantics about the relationship among user interface controls; such knowledge can be useful in delivering a coherent UI to small devices. For example, if the user interface needs to be split up over several screens, controls appearing inside the same aggregation would typically be rendered on the same screen or page.
A group
element is a container form control that allows a form author to aggregate other form controls into a single, aggregate user interface component. The elements and attributes included in this module are:
Element | Attributes | Minimal Content Model |
---|---|---|
Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional) |
label?, (( Core Form Controls)|group|switch|repeat|UI Common)* |
The group
element is used as a container for defining a hierarchy of form controls. Groups can be nested to create complex hierarchies. The author-optional label
element has special significance when it appears as the first element child of group
, representing a label for the entire group.
Common Attributes: Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional)
Although a group
element receives events associated with model item properties of a bound node, such as xforms-readonly
and xforms-invalid
, no special behavior is imparted by the group
onto the content elements in the group as a direct result of any model item property. The model item property relevant
of a bound data node can indirectly affect the content of the group via its contribution to deciding whether the group
is relevant or non-relevant. A group is considered to be non-relevant if and only if:
group
is contained by a non-relevant switch
or group
(which includes a non-relevant repeat
object), or
group
is contained by a non-selected case
element of a switch
.
All content elements (e.g. core form controls, groups, switches, repeats and host language content) within a non-relevant group are handled as non-relevant. When a group
becomes non-relevant, it must receive event xforms-disabled
and then the XForms action handlers that are listening for events on the non-relevant group
must be disabled. When a non-relevant group
changes to being relevant, the XForms action handlers that listen for events on the group
must become enabled and then the group
must receive the event xforms-enabled
.
Note:
If a group is non-relevant, then the rendering approach used to signify non-relevance is applied to the entire content of the group.
Example:
<group ref="address"> <label>Shipping Address</label> <input ref="line_1"> <label>Address line 1</label> </input> <input ref="line_2"> <label>Address line 2</label> </input> <input ref="postcode"> <label>Postcode</label> </input> </group>
Setting the input focus on a group results in the focus being set to the first form control in the navigation order within that group.
A switch
element is a container form control that allows the creation of user interfaces where the user interface can be varied based on user actions and events. The elements and attributes included in this module are:
Element | Attributes | Minimal Content Model |
---|---|---|
Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional) | case+ | |
Common, selected (xsd:boolean) |
label?, (( Core Form Controls)|group|switch|repeat|Action)* | |
Common, Events, Action Common, case (xsd:IDREF) | case? |
This element contains one or more case
elements, any one of which is rendered at a given time.
Note:
This is separate from XForms relevant
processing (see The relevant Property), which is based on the current state of the XForms Model. As an example, portions of a questionnaire pertaining to the user's automobile may become relevant only if the user has answered in the affirmative to the question 'Do you own a car?'.
Common Attributes: Common, UI Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional)
Although a switch
element receives events associated with model item properties of a bound node, such as xforms-readonly
and xforms-invalid
, no special behavior is imparted by the switch
onto the content elements in the selected case
as a direct result of any model item property. The model item property relevant
of a bound data node can indirectly affect the content of the selected case
via its contribution to deciding whether the switch
is relevant or non-relevant. The non-relevance of a switch is determined in the same way as it is for group
and similarly applies to the entire content. Also, as with group
, when a switch
becomes non-relevant, it must receive event xforms-disabled
and then the XForms action handlers that are listening for events on the non-relevant switch
must be disabled. As well, when a non-relevant switch
changes to being relevant, the XForms action handlers that listen for events on the switch
must become enabled and then the switch
must receive the event xforms-enabled
.
Example:
<switch> <case id="in" selected="true"> <input ref="yourname"> <label>Please tell me your name</label> <toggle ev:event="DOMActivate" case="out"/> </input> </case> <case id="out" selected="false"> <html:p>Hello <output ref="yourname" /> <trigger id="editButton"> <label>Edit</label> <toggle ev:event="DOMActivate" case="in"/> </trigger> </html:p> </case> </switch>
The above results in the portion of the user interface contained in the first case
being displayed initially. This prompts for the user's name; filling in a value and activating the control e.g., by pressing enter
results switches to the alternate case, with a read-only output
rendering. Activating the trigger labeled "Edit" in turn switches back to the original case.
This element encloses markup to be conditionally rendered. The content elements (e.g. form controls, groups, switches, repeats and host language elements) within a non-selected case
behave as if they were in a non-relevant group
(see The group Element). Similarly, content elements in a case
that becomes selected behave as if they were in a group
that has become relevant. The attribute selected
determines the initial selected state.
Common Attributes: Common
Special Attributes:
"false"
.
If multiple case
s within a switch
are marked as selected="true"
, the first selected case
remains and all others are deselected. If none are selected, the first becomes selected.
The XForms specification allows the definition of repeating structures such as multiple items within a purchase order. When defining the XForms Model, such higher-level collections are constructed out of basic building blocks; similarly, this section defines a container form control called repeat
that can bind to data structures such as lists and collections and provide a user interface for each node of the list or collection.. The elements and attributes included in this module are:
Element | Attributes | Minimal Content Model |
---|---|---|
Common, UI Common, Node Set Binding, startindex (xsd:positiveInteger), number (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
(( Core Form Controls)|group|switch|repeat|Action)* | |
Common, Events, Action Common, repeat (xsd:IDREF), index (number XPath Expression) | EMPTY | |
label, (value|copy), (UI Common)* | ||
Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional) | EMPTY | |
(various) | [repeat-nodeset, repeat-bind, repeat-model] (Node Set Binding attributes), repeat-startindex (xsd:positiveInteger), repeat-number (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) | N/A |
This element defines a UI mapping over a node-set selected by Node Set Binding Attributes. This node-set is called a repeat collection.
For example:
<repeat nodeset="/cart/items/item"> <input ref="." ...> <label>...</label> </input> <html:br/> </repeat>
Common Attributes: Common, UI Common, Node Set Binding
Special Attributes:
This element operates over a repeat collection by binding the encapsulated user interface controls to each element of the collection. If an element of the collection is non-relevant, then the rendering approach used to signify non-relevance is applied to the associated user interface controls. Attributes on this element specify how many members of the collection are presented to the user at any given time. XForms Actions insert
, delete
, and setindex
can be used to operate on the collection—see XForms Actions. Another way to view repeat processing (disregarding special user interface interactions) is to consider "unrolling" the repeat. The above example is similar to the following (given four item
elements in the returned node-set):
<input ref="/cart/items/item[1]"><label>...</label></input><html:br/> <input ref="/cart/items/item[2]"><label>...</label></input><html:br/> <input ref="/cart/items/item[3]"><label>...</label></input><html:br/> <input ref="/cart/items/item[4]"><label>...</label></input><html:br/>
<model> <instance> <my:lines> <my:line name="a"> <my:price>3.00</my:price> </my:line> <my:line name="b"> <my:price>32.25</my:price> </my:line> <my:line name="c"> <my:price>132.99</my:price> </my:line> </my:lines> </instance> </model> ... <repeat id="lineset" nodeset="/my:lines/my:line"> <input ref="my:price"> <label>Line Item</label> </input> <input ref="@name"> <label>Name</label> </input> </repeat> <trigger> <label>Insert a new item after the current one</label> <action ev:event="DOMActivate"> <insert nodeset="/my:lines/my:line" at="index('lineset')" position="after"/> <setvalue ref="/my:lines/my:line[index('lineset')]/@name"/> <setvalue ref="/my:lines/my:line[index('lineset')]/price">0.00</setvalue> </action> </trigger> <trigger> <label>remove current item</label> <delete ev:event="DOMActivate" nodeset="/my:lines/my:line" at="index('lineset')"/> </trigger>
The form controls appearing inside repeat
need to be suitable for populating individual items of the collection. A simple but powerful consequence of the above is that if the XForms Model specifies nested collections, then a corresponding user interface can nest repeat
elements.
It is possible to nest repeat elements to create more powerful user interface for editing structured data. Editing Hierarchical Bookmarks Using XForms is an example of a form using nested repeats to edit hierarchical data consisting of bookmarks within multiple sections. Consider the following insert
statement that appears as part of that example.
<xforms:insert nodeset="/bookmarks/section[index('repeatSections')]/bookmark" at="index('repeatBookmarks')" position="after"/>
The above insert
statement is used in that example to add new bookmark entries into the currently selected section. The inner (nested) repeat operates on bookmarks in this selected section; The index—as returned by XForms function index
—for this inner repeat starts at 1
. Hence, after a new empty section of bookmarks is created and becomes current, the first insert bookmark operation adds the newly created bookmark at the front of the list.
The markup contained within the body of element repeat
specifies the user interface to be generated for each repeat item of the underlying repeat collection. During user interface initialization (see The xforms-model-construct-done Event), the following steps are performed for repeat
:
repeat
.
startindex
. If the initial startindex
is less than 1 it defaults to 1. If the index is greater than the initial node-set then it defaults to the size of the node-set.
repeat
is generated for the requisite number of members of the collection as specified by attributes on element repeat
.
For each node of the repeat collection, a repeat item is defined to be the aggregation of the node, its position, the size of the repeat collection, and a repeat object.
A repeat object is an implicitly generated group
element that contains the set of run-time objects generated to represent the repeat template content for a single repeat item of the repeat collection. These run-time objects are form controls, XForms actions and other host language elements that correspond to elements in the repeat template.
Note:
The capture and bubble phases of events dispatched to the run-time objects behave as if the repeat object were a child of element repeat
. The repeat template content, including action handlers, is made unavailable to the host language processor. Copies of the repeat template content, including Action handlers, are made available via the repeat objects.
repeat
Element<repeat id="X" ... > ... </repeat> <action ev:event="xforms-scroll-first" ev:target="X" ev:observer="X"> ... </action>
A new repeat item is created dynamically at any time in the lifecycle of the form (i.e. any time after xforms-model-construct-done
) whenever a new node is added to the repeat collection. There are many ways to add new nodes to a repeat collection, including but not limited to the following:
insert
action can add one or more nodes that match the repeat nodeset;
submission
instance replacement may contain nodes that match the repeat nodeset;
setvalue
action or a calculate
may change a value that causes one or more nodes to match the repeat nodeset.
Any time a new repeat item is created, XML Event handlers declared within the corresponding repeat object are initialized, and the user interface form controls generated for the repeat object are initialized in the same manner as the user interface initialization that is performed during default processing of xforms-model-construct-done
. For example, if the repeat object contains an inner repeat
run-time object, then it is initialized according to the list of steps at the beginning of this section (Repeat Processing).
The processing model for repeating structures includes an index that points to the current repeat item in the repeat collection . This repeat index is accessed via XForms function index
(The index() Function) and manipulated via XForms Action setindex
(The setindex Element). This index can be used as a reference point for insert
and delete
actions. Notice that the contained XForms form controls inside element repeat
do not explicitly specify the index of the collection entry being populated. This is intentional; it keeps both authoring as well as the processing model simple.
If one or more nodes have been added to the repeat collection by an insert
action, then the repeat items corresponding to the new nodes must be created and initialized, and the repeat index must be updated to indicate the repeat item corresponding to the last node added by the insert
.
Note:
The change of index on a repeat
does not cause the index of any repeat
nested within it to be re-initialized.
The repeat item generation and repeat index update on insertion must behave as if it occurs in response to the xforms-insert
event dispatched by the insert
action. The index update must behave as if it occurs when the xforms-insert
event reaches the parent of the target instance
element in the capture phase.
Note:
An event handler that listens for xforms-insert
on instance
in the default phase has access to the updated index value via function index()
.
A repeat item can also be destroyed dynamically at any time in the lifecycle of the form whenever a node is removed from the repeat collection. When a repeat item is destroyed, the repeat object and all of its inner form controls are eliminated, including inner repeats, switches and groups, and all XML Event handlers created by the repeat object are eliminated. There are many ways to remove repeat items from a repeat collection, including but not limited to the following:
delete
action can remove nodes that matched the repeat nodeset;
submission
instance replacement may replace nodes that matched the repeat nodeset;
setvalue
action or a calculate
may change a value that causes one or more nodes to stop matching the repeat nodeset.
If one or more nodes have been removed from the repeat collection by a delete
action, then the repeat items corresponding to the deleted nodes must be destroyed and the repeat index must be updated based on the rules below.
Note:
The change of index on a repeat
does not cause the index of any repeat
nested within it to be re-initialized.
The repeat index update on deletion behaves as if it occurs in response to the xforms-delete
event dispatched by the delete
action. Specifically, the index update behaves as if it occurs when the xforms-delete
event reaches the parent of the target instance
element in the capture phase.
Element repeat
enables the binding of user interaction to a node-set, referred to as repeat collection. The number of displayed items might be less than the total number available in the collection. In this case, the presentation would render only a portion of the repeating items at a given time. For example, a graphical user interface might present a scrolling table. The current item indicated by the repeat index should be made available to the user at all times, for example, not allowed to scroll out of view. The XForms Actions enumerated at XForms Actions may be used within event listeners to manipulate the repeat collection being populated by scrolling, inserting, and deleting entries.
Notice that the markup encapsulated by element repeat
acts as the template for the user interface that is presented to the user. As a consequence, statically authored IDREF
attributes must be interpreted based on a combination of repeat indexes and where the IDREF attributes appear relative to the element bearing the matching ID. Based on the IDREF resolution rules given in Resolving ID References in XForms, it is possible to toggle the case
of a switch
even when it is within one or more repeat
elements. Similarly, it is possible to set the focus to controls and dispatch events to elements that are within one or more repeat
elements.
If the focus is transferred to a form control within a repeat
by any means, such as by an XForms action or by user interaction, the index of the repeat
is updated to indicate the item of the repeat collection that contains the control. If the repeat item containing the focused control contains any inner repeat objects, their indexes are not changed. However, the repeat index update is recursive for all outer repeats that contain the focused control; the index of each outer containing repeat
is adjusted appropriately. These changes of repeat index occurs as if by invoking the setindex
action.
Element repeat
enables the creation of user interfaces for populating repeating structures. When using XForms within host languages like XHTML, it is often necessary to create repeating structures within constructs such as table
. Thus, one might wish to use element repeat
within a table
to create the rows of a table, where each row of the table binds to a distinct member of a repeat collection. Since html:table
doesn't (and perhaps never will) allow xforms:repeat
elements as children, another syntax is needed.
<table> <repeat nodeset="..."> <tr> <td>...</td> ... </tr> </repeat> </table>
More generally, there is a need to integrate repeat behavior into host languages at points where the content model of the host language does not or cannot provide the appropriate extension hooks via modularization. To accommodate this, XForms defines an alternative syntax that is functionally equivalent to the repeat
element, using the following attributes:
repeat-model
repeat-bind
repeat-nodeset
repeat-startindex
repeat-number
The above attributes are equivalent to the repeat
attributes of the same name, but without the prefix repeat-
. A host language can include these attributes in the appropriate places to enable repeating constructs. For example, a version of XHTML might use:
<html:table xforms:repeat-nodeset="..."> <html:tr> <html:td><xforms:output ref="..."/></html:td> </html:tr> </html:table>
Which could be validated against an appropriately configured XHTML Schema that includes the XForms Repeat module. Note that what gets repeated is the child elements of the element with the repeat-
attributes.
Additionally, when using XForms Action setindex
, attribute repeat
of type idref
can point to any element carrying the repeat attributes. Similarly, when using function index
against a repeating structure created via the repeat-
attributes, the id
of that element can be used as the argument to function index
.
This element allows the creation of dynamic selections within controls select
and select1
, where the available choices are determined at run-time. The node-set that holds the available choices is specified via the Node Set Binding. Child elements label
and value
indirectly specify the label and storage values. Notice that the run-time effect of itemset
is the same as using element choices
with child item
elements to statically author the available choices.
For each node of the Node Set Binding, an associated item
element is created. XForms Actions appearing in the content of an itemset
are created within each item
element, and the in-scope evaluation context for these XForms Actions is based on the node for which the item
was generated as described in Section Evaluation Context.
Note:
As with the repeat
element, the itemset
template content, including XForms Actions, is made unavailable. Copies of the itemset
template content, including XForms Actions, are made available via repeated item
objects.
Common Attributes: Common, Node Set Binding
Note:
Whenever a refresh
event is dispatched the nodeset
is re-evaluated to update the list of available choices.
The following example shows element itemset
within control select
to specify a dynamic list of ice cream flavors:
<model id="cone"> <instance> <my:icecream> <my:order/> </my:icecream> </instance> </model> <model id="flavors"> <instance> <my:flavors> <my:flavor type="v"> <my:description>Vanilla</my:description> </my:flavor> <my:flavor type="s"> <my:description>Strawberry</my:description> </my:flavor> <my:flavor type="c"> <my:description>Chocolate</my:description> </my:flavor> </my:flavors> </instance> </model> <select model="cone" ref="my:order"> <label>Flavors</label> <itemset model="flavors" nodeset="/my:flavors/my:flavor"> <label ref="my:description"/> <copy ref="my:description"/> </itemset> </select>
Structurally, this element is similar to The value Element. It differs in that it can only be used within itemset
, and that it works with subtrees of instance data rather than simple values.
Common Attributes: Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional)
If the single node binding attributes indicate a node in a model other than the bound node of the containing selection control, then an xforms-binding-exception
must occur.. When a copy
item is selected, the following rules apply:
item
, selected by the binding attributes on copy
, is deep copied as a child of the target node by using an insert
action (The insert Element).
When a copy
item is deselected, the following rules apply:
item
, selected by the binding attributes on copy
, is deleted by using a delete
action (The delete Element).
Note:
If the target node of the select
or select1
is readonly, then the insertion or deletion associated with the copy operation is not performed.
This chapter defines the controller layer of XForms, an XML Events-based [XML Events] common set of actions that can be invoked in response to events.
Note:
XForms itself defines no method for script-based event handling. The definition of such facilities is a responsibility of the hosting language.
All form controls as well as other elements defined in this specification have a set of common behaviors that encourage consistent authoring and look and feel for XForms-based applications. This consistency comes from attaching a common set of behaviors to the various form controls. In conjunction with the event binding mechanism provided by XML Events, these handlers provide a flexible means for forms authors to specify event processing at appropriate points within the XForms user interface. XForms Actions are declarative XML event handlers that capture high-level semantics. As a consequence, they significantly enhance the accessibility of XForms-based applications in comparison to previous Web technologies that relied exclusively on scripting.
The elements and attributes included in this module are:
Element | Attributes | Minimal Content Model |
---|---|---|
(Action)* | ||
Common, Events, Action Common, Single Node Binding, value (string XPath Expression) | PCDATA | |
Common, Events, Action Common, Node Set Binding, context (node XPath Expresson), at (number XPath Expression), position ("before"|"after"), origin (nodeset XPath Expresson) | EMPTY | |
Common, Events, Action Common, Node Set Binding, context (node XPath Expresson), at (number XPath Expression) | EMPTY | |
Common, Events, Action Common, repeat (xsd:IDREF), index (number XPath Expression) | EMPTY | |
Common, Events, Action Common, case (xsd:IDREF) | case? | |
Common, Events, Action Common, control (xsd:IDREF) | control? | |
Common, Events, Action Common, name (xsd:NMTOKEN), targetid (xsd:IDREF), delay (xsd:nonNegativeInteger), bubbles (xsd:boolean), cancelable (xsd:boolean) | name?, targetid?, delay? [in any order] | |
Common, Events, Action Common, model (xsd:IDREF) | EMPTY | |
Common, Events, Action Common, model (xsd:IDREF) | EMPTY | |
Common, Events, Action Common, model (xsd:IDREF) | EMPTY | |
Common, Events, Action Common, model (xsd:IDREF) | EMPTY | |
Common, Events, Action Common, model (xsd:IDREF) | EMPTY | |
Common, Events, Action Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional), resource (xsd:anyURI), show ("new" | "replace") | resource? | |
Common, Events, Action Common, submission (xsd:IDREF) | EMPTY | |
Common, Events, Action Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional), level ("ephemeral" | "modeless" | "modal"|QNameButNotNCName) |
(PCDATA|UI Inline)* |
This module also defines the content set "Action", which includes the following elements:
(action|setvalue|insert|delete|setindex|toggle|setfocus|dispatch|rebuild|recalculate|revalidate|refresh|reset| load||send|message)*
The following group of attributes, here called Action Common, are available to all Action elements:
Element | Attributes |
---|---|
if (boolean XPath Expression), while (boolean XPath Expression) |
Additionally, this module defines the attribute group "XML Events", which includes all of the "global" attributes defined in the [XML Events] specification.
The following example shows how events can be used:
<xforms:trigger> <xforms:label>Reset</xforms:label> <xforms:reset ev:event="DOMActivate" model="thismodel"/> </xforms:trigger>
This example recreates the behavior of the HTML reset control, which this specification does not define as an independent form control.
For each built-in XForms Action, this chapter lists the following:
Name
Common Attributes
Special Attributes
Description of behavior
All elements defined in this chapter explicitly allow global attributes from the XML Events namespace, and apply the processing defined in that specification in section 2.3 [XML Events].
An outermost action handler is an action that is activated when the XForms processor is not executing any other action handlers.
An inner action handler is an action that is activated when the XForms processor is executing the declared actions of an outermost action handler. An inner action handler may be within the content of the outermost action handler, or it may be executed as the response to an event dispatched while performing all of the actions initiated by the outermost action handler.
Deferred Updates: Sequences of one or more XForms Actions have a deferred effect on XForms model and user interface processing. Implementations are free to use any strategy to accomplish deferred updates, but the end result must be as follows: Instance data changes performed by a set of actions do not result in immediate computation dependency rebuilding, recalculation, revalidate and form control refreshing until the termination of the outermost action handler, as described here. Each XForms model can be thought of as having a set of deferred update Boolean flags, initially false
at the start of an outermost action handler, to indicate whether each of the actions rebuild
, recalculate
, revalidate
, and refresh
are required for that model upon termination of the outermost action handler.
By default, the behavior of an action handler is performed one time when the action is encountered in the execution sequence. However, execution of an action handler may be conditional or iterated, as described in Conditional Execution of XForms Actions and Iteration of XForms Actions.
Execution of an outermost action handler begins by setting the XForms processor into the state of executing an outermost action handler. The outermost action handler is then performed, which may include the execution of inner action handlers. Finally, the XForms processor is set into the state of not executing an outermost action handler and then the deferred update is performed for each model.
The deferred update behavior for a model consists of examining each deferred update Boolean flag in the order of rebuild
, recalculate
, revalidate
, and refresh
, and for each true
flag, set the flag to false
and then dispatch the proper event to the model for that deferred update flag (i.e. dispatch xforms-rebuild
for a true rebuild
flag, xforms-recalculate
for a true recalculate
flag, xforms-revalidate
for a true revalidate
flag, and xforms-refresh
for a true refresh
flag).
Note:
The XForms processor is not considered to be executing an outermost action handler at the time that it performs deferred update behavior for XForms models. Therefore, event handlers for events dispatched to the user interface during the deferred refresh behavior are considered to be new outermost action handler.
Actions that manipulate properties of the XForms view layer begin by invoking the deferred update behavior so that the model and all data are up to date prior to performing the action. The XForms Actions in this category are:
setfocus
toggle
setindex
Actions that directly invoke rebuild, recalculate, revalidate, or refresh always have an immediate effect, and clear the corresponding deferred update flag. The XForms Actions in this category are:
rebuild
recalculate
revalidate
refresh
Similarly, if the default processing of any of the events xforms-rebuild
, xforms-recalculate
, xforms-revalidate
, or xforms-refresh
are performed, then the corresponding deferred update flag is cleared. The XForms Actions that can dispatch these events are:
reset
dispatch
XForms Actions that change the tree structure of instance data result in setting all four deferred update flags to true
for the model over which they operate. The XForms Actions in this category are:
insert
delete
XForms Actions that change only the value of an instance node results in setting the deferred update flags for recalculate
, revalidate
, and refresh
to true
and making no change to the deferred update flag for rebuild
for the model over which they operate. The XForms Actions in this category are:
setvalue
setindex
Finally, the XForms submission
process can affect deferred update behavior. See Section The xforms-submit Event for details. XForms actions that are capable of initiating an XForms submission are:
send
dispatch
This action causes its child actions to be invoked in the order that they are specified in the document.
Common Attributes: Common, Events, Action Common
<trigger> <label>Click me</label> <action ev:event="DOMActivate"> <reset model="thismodel"/> <setvalue ref="."/> </action> </trigger>
This action explicitly sets the value of the specified instance data node. This action has no effect if the Single Node Binding does not select an instance data node or if a readonly instance data node is selected. An xforms-binding-exception
occurs if the Single Node Binding indicates a node whose content is not simpleContent (i.e., a node that has element children).
Common Attributes: Common, Events, Action Common, Single Node Binding
Special Attributes:
string
function. An empty string is used if the XPath evaluation fails.
The element content of setvalue
specifies the literal value to set; this is an alternative to specifying a computed value via attribute value
. If neither a value
attribute nor text content are present, the effect is to set the value of the selected node to the empty string (""). If both are present, the value
attribute is used. The following examples contrast these approaches:
<setvalue bind="put-here" value="a/b/c"/>
This causes the string value at a/b/c
in the instance data to be placed on the single node selected by the bind element with id="put-here"
.
<setvalue bind="put-here">literal string</setvalue>
This causes the value "literal string" to be placed on the single node selected by the bind element with id="put-here"
.
Note:
See Section The context() Function for an example in which the context()
function is used to provide the same initial evaluation context node to both the ref
and value
attributes. See Appendix Patterns for Data Mutations for numerous further usage patterns for sevalue
, insert
and delete
.
All strings are inserted into the instance data as follows:
xforms-binding-exception
occurs. Otherwise, regardless of how many child nodes the element has, the result is that the string becomes the new content of the element. In accord with the data model of [XPath 1.0], the element will have either a single non-empty text node child, or no children string was empty.
xforms-binding-exception
occurs.
Note:
This action affects deferred updates by setting the deferred update flags for recalculate, revalidate and refresh.
The insert
action is used to create one or more nodes of instance data by cloning one or more existing instance nodes. Attributes of the insert
action specify the node or nodes to be cloned and the location within instance data where the clones will appear. The clones are deep copies of the original nodes except the contents of nodes of type xsd:ID
are modified to remain as unique values in the instance data after the clones are inserted.
Common Attributes: Common, Events, Action Common, Node Set Binding (author-optional)
Special Attributes:
model
attribute is present, then it is processed as described in Evaluation Context before evaluating this attribute. The Node Set Binding is required unless this attribute is present. The result of the XPath expression is used to override the in-scope evaluation context. If the result is an empty nodeset or not a nodeset, then the insert action is terminated with no effect. Otherwise, the first node of the nodeset is used as the new in-scope evaluation context node, and the context position and size are set to 1. By adjusting the in-scope evaluation context, this attribute affects the subsequent evaluation of many other attributes that can appear on insert
, including if
, while
, nodeset
and origin
.
context
attribute. The origin node-set
is the set of one or more nodes to be cloned by the insert
action. If this attribute is present and resolves to a non-empty nodeset, then the result overrides the default setting of the origin node-set
as described below in the processing of the insert
action.
insert location node
. This attribute is ignored if the Node Set Binding is not specified or specifies an empty node-set. The insert location node
is a node within the Node Set Binding node-set that is used to help determine where in the instance to insert each node cloned by the insert
. If this attribute is present, then its result is used to override the default setting of the insert location node
as described below in the processing of the insert
action.
insert location node
. Valid values are before
and after
, and the latter is the default. This attribute is ignored if the Node Set Binding node-set is not specified or empty. If the node at the insert location node
within the Node Set Binding node-set is the document element of an instance, then this attribute is ignored.
Processing for the insert
action is as follows:
insert context
is determined. If the context
attribute is not given, the insert context
is the in-scope evaluation context. Otherwise, the XPath expression provided by the context
attribute is evaluated using the in-scope evaluation context, and the first node rule is applied to obtain the insert context
. The insert
action is terminated with no effect if the insert context
is the empty node-set.
bind
attribute is present, it directly determines the Node Set Binding node-set. If a nodeset
attribute is present, it is evaluated within the insert context
to determine the Node Set Binding node-set. If the Node Set Binding attributes are not present, then the Node Set Binding node-set is the empty node-set. The insert
action is terminated with no effect if any of the following conditions is true:
context
attribute is not given and the Node Set Binding node-set is the empty node-set.
context
attribute is given, the insert context
does not evaluate to an element node and the Node Set Binding node-set is the empty node-set.
origin node-set
is determined. If the origin
attribute is not given and the Node Set Binding node-set is empty, then the origin node-set
is the empty node-set. Otherwise, if the origin
attribute is not given, then the origin node-set
consists of the last node of the Node Set Binding node-set. If the origin
attribute is given, the origin node-set
is the result of the evaluation of the origin
attribute in the insert context
. Namespace nodes and root nodes (parents of document elements) are removed from the origin node-set
. The insert
action is terminated with no effect if the origin node-set
is the empty node-set.
insert location node
is determined. If the Node Set Binding node-set is not specified or empty, the insert location node
is the insert context
node. Otherwise, if the at
attribute is not given, then the insert location node
is the last node of the Node Set Binding node-set. Otherwise, an insert location node
is determined from the at
attribute as follows:
1
.
round()
. For example, the literal 1.5
becomes 2
, and the literal 'string'
becomes NaN
.
insert location
is equal to the result. If the result is non-positive, then the insert location
is 1
. Otherwise, the result is NaN
or exceeds the Node Set Binding node-set size, so the insert location
is the Node Set Binding node-set size.
insert location node
is the node in the Node Set Binding node-set at the position given by the insert location
.
insert
action is terminated with no effect if the insertion will create nodes whose parent is readonly. This occurs if the insert location node
is readonly and the Node Set Binding node-set is not specified or empty, or otherwise if the parent of the insert location node
is readonly.
origin node-set
is cloned in the order it appears in the origin node-set
.
target location
of each of the cloned nodes is determined as follows:
insert location node
provided by the context
attribute is intended to be the parent of the cloned node. The target location
is dependent on the types of the cloned node and the insert location node
as follows:
insert location node
is not an element node or root node, then it cannot be the parent of the cloned node, so the target location
is undefined.
insert location node
is the root node of an instance (which is the parent of the root element), and the cloned node is an element, then the target location
is the root element of the instance.
insert location node
is the root node of an instance (which is the parent of the root element), and the cloned node is not an element, then the target location
is before the first child of the insert location node
.
insert location node
is an element, and the cloned node is an attribute, then the target location
is the attribute list of the insert location node
.
insert location node
is an element, and the cloned node is not an attribute, then the target location
is before the first child of the insert location node
, or the child list of the insert location node
if it is empty.
insert location node
provided by the Node Set Binding and author-optional at
attribute is intended to be the sibling of the cloned node. If the insert location node
is an attribute or root node, then the target location
is undefined. If the insert location node
is not an attribute or root node, then the target location
is immediately before or after the insert location node
, based on the position
attribute setting or its default.
target locations
depending on their node type. If the parent node of the target location is the instance root node (which is the parent of the root document element of the instance), and if the cloned node is an element, then the instance root element is deleted before the cloned node is inserted at the target location. If the cloned node is a duplicate of another attribute in its parent element, then either the duplicate attribute is first removed or the existing attribute value is updated. If a cloned node cannot be placed at the target location
due to a node type conflict or because the target location
is undefined, then the insertion for that particular cloned node is ignored. Each cloned node that is inserted is added to the inserted-nodes
list that will be provided in the xforms-insert
event context information. For each cloned node used to update an existing attribute node, the existing attribute node is added to the list of inserted-nodes
.target location
. For example, an attribute cannot be inserted as a sibling before or after an element.inserted-nodes
is empty, then the insert
action is terminated with no effect.
insert
action is successfully completed by dispatching the xforms-insert
event with appropriate context information.repeat
updates its index in response to this event if its repeat collection changes size as a result of the insertion. See Section Repeat Processing for details.Note:
This action affects deferred updates by setting the deferred update flags for rebuild, recalculate, revalidate and refresh.
Examples:
repeat
, whether or not it is emptyWhen the repeat
is empty, the at
index is zero so a new item
is prepended to the child elements of purchaseOrder
. When the repeat
is non-empty, the new item
is added after the node currently indexed by repeat R
.
... <xforms:instance> <purchaseOrder xmlns=""> <subtotal/> <tax/> <total/> </purchaseOrder> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance id="prototypes"> <prototypes xmlns=""> ... <item> <product/> <quantity/> <unitcost/> <price/> </item> ... </prototypes> </xforms:instance> ... <repeat nodeset="/purchaseOrder/item" id="R"> ... </repeat> ... <xforms:trigger> <xforms:label>Add to purchase order</xforms:label> <xforms:action ev:event="DOMActivate> <xforms:insert context="/purchaseOrder" nodeset="item" at="index('R')" origin="instance('prototypes')/item"/> <xforms:setfocus control="R"/> </xforms:action> </xforms:trigger>
<model xmlns:my="http://example.org"> <instance> <my:data> <my:name> <my:first-name>John</my:first-name> <my:last-name>Doe</my:last-name> </my:name> <my:address> <my:street>123 Main St.</my:street> <my:city>Smallville</my:city> </my:address> </my:data> </instance> <bind nodeset="/my:data/my:name/" readonly="true()"/> <bind nodeset="/my:data/my:address/my:street" readonly="true()"/> <action ev:event="xforms-model-construct-done"> <insert id="I1" nodeset="my:name/*" ... /> <insert id="I2" nodeset="my:address/my:street" at="1" > </action> </model>
Insert I1 fails because it attempts to insert into the content of a readonly node (my:name
). Insert I2 succeeds even though the insert location is a readonly node because the new node is placed as a sibling into the content of the parent, which is not readonly.
See The delete Element for an example that uses insert
and delete
to make a repeat
that always shows at least one repeat item. See Appendix Patterns for Data Mutations for numerous further usage patterns for sevalue
, insert
and delete
.
This action deletes one or more nodes from instance data.
Common Attributes: Common, Events, Action Common, Node Set Binding
Special Attributes:
model
attribute is present, then it is processed as described in Evaluation Context before evaluating this attribute. The Node Set Binding is required unless this attribute is present. The result of the XPath expression is used to override the in-scope evaluation context. If the result is an empty nodeset or not a nodeset, then the delete
action is terminated with no effect. Otherwise, the first node of the nodeset is used as the new in-scope evaluation context node, and the context position and size are set to 1. By adjusting the in-scope evaluation context, this attribute affects the evaluation of subsequent attributes that may appear on delete
, including if
, while
, and nodeset
.
delete location
. If the Node Set Binding node-set is empty, then this attribute is ignored.
Processing for the delete
action is as follows:
delete context
is determined. It is set to the in-scope evaluation context, possibly overridden by the context
attribute if that attribute is present. The delete
action is terminated with no effect if the delete context
is the empty node-set.
bind
attribute is present, it directly determines the Node Set Binding node-set. If a nodeset
attribute is present, it is evaluated within the delete context
to determine the Node Set Binding node-set. The behavior of the delete
action is undefined if the Node Set Binding node-set contains nodes from more than one instance
. The delete
action is terminated with no effect if the Node Set Binding is expressed and the Node Set Binding node-set is the empty node-set. Otherwise, the Node Set Binding is not expressed, so the Node Set Binding node-set is set equal to the delete context node with a position and size of 1.
delete location
is determined. If the at
attribute is not specified, there is no delete location
. Otherwise, the delete location
is determined by evaluating the XPath expression specified by the at
attribute as follows:
1
.
round()
. For example, the literal 1.5
becomes 2
, and the literal 'string'
becomes NaN
.
delete location
is equal to the result. If the result is non-positive, then the delete location
is 1
. Otherwise, if the result is NaN
or exceeds the Node Set Binding node-set size, the delete location
is the Node Set Binding node-set size.
delete location
, each node in the Node Set Binding node-set is deleted, except if the node is a readonly node, a namespace node, a root node, or the root document element of an instance, then that particular node is not deleted. Otherwise, if there is a delete location
, the node at the delete location
in the Node Set Binding node-set is deleted, except if the node is the root document element of an instance or has a readonly parent node, then that node is not deleted. The delete action is terminated with no effect if no node is deleted.
delete
action is successfully completed by dispatching the xforms-delete
event with appropriate context information.
Note:
This action affects deferred updates by setting the deferred update flags for rebuild, recalculate, revalidate and refresh.
Examples:
delete
and insert
to Maintain a Non-empty repeat repeat
In this example, the trigger
is not in the repeat
. When it is activated, the indexed item
in the repeat is first deleted. Next, if that was the last item
, then a new prototypical item
is inserted so that the repeat
does not become empty. The focus is then sent back to the repeat
from the trigger
.
... <xforms:trigger> <xforms:label>Delete from purchase order</xforms:label> <xforms:action ev:event="DOMActivate"> <xforms:delete context="/purchaseOrder" nodeset="item" at="index('R')"/> <xforms:insert context="/purchaseOrder" if="not(item)" nodeset="item" origin="instance('prototypes')/item"/> <xforms:setfocus control="R"/> </xforms:action> </xforms:trigger>
Note:
The form author could have written nodeset="/purchaseOrder/item"
in the delete
action, but the context
attribute was added for consistency with the insert
action.
<model xmlns:my="http://example.org"> <instance> <my:data> <my:name> <my:first-name>John</my:first-name> <my:last-name>Doe</my:last-name> </my:name> <my:address> <my:street>123 Main St.</my:street> <my:city>Smallville</my:city> </my:address> </my:data> </instance> <bind nodeset="/my:data/my:name/" readonly="true()"/> <bind nodeset="/my:data/my:address/my:street" readonly="true()"/> <action ev:event="xforms-model-construct-done"> <delete id="D1" nodeset="my:name/*" ... /> <delete id="D2" nodeset="my:address/my:street" at="1" > <delete id="D3" nodeset="my:address" at="1" > </action> </model>
Delete D1 fails because it attempts to delete from the content of a readonly node (my:name
). Delete D2 succeeds even though the node to delete is readonly because the node is not being changed, but rather removed from the content of the parent, which is not readonly. Delete D3 succeeds even though it contains a readonly node because a node can be deleted if its parent is not readonly, and node deletion includes deletion of its attributes and content, regardless of whether or not the attributes or content nodes are readonly.
See Appendix Patterns for Data Mutations for numerous further usage patterns for sevalue
, insert
and delete
.
This XForms Action begins by invoking the deferred update behavior. This action then marks a specific item as current in a repeating sequence (within The repeat Element).
Common Attributes: Common, Events, Action Common
Special Attributes:
If the selected index is 0 or less, an xforms-scroll-first
event is dispatched and the index is set to 1. If the selected index is greater than the index of the last repeat item, an xforms-scroll-last
event is dispatched and the index is set to that of the last item. If the index evaluates to NaN the action has no effect.
Note:
The IDREF from the repeat
attribute may not uniquely identify the desired repeat if the repeat
element bearing the matching ID resides within the content of another repeat
. The general method described in Resolving ID References in XForms is used to determine the desired run-time repeat object.
Note:
This action affects deferred updates by performing deferred update in its initialization and by setting the deferred update flags for recalculate, revalidate and refresh.
This XForms Action begins by invoking the deferred update behavior. This action then selects one possible case from an exclusive list of alternatives in a switch
.
This action performs the following:
xforms-deselect
event to the currently selected case
in the switch
containing the identified case
.
selected
states (not the attribute values) on the affected cases to reflect the new state of the switch
containing the identified case
.
xform-select
event to the case
just selected.
Common Attributes: Common, Events, Action Common
Special Attributes:
case
element. The case to select is specified by this attribute or by the child element case.
The case
to be selected by the switch
is identified by IDREF either by the attribute case
or by a child case element. If no case
element contains the given identifier, then this action has no effect.
Note:
Whether the IDREF is obtained from the case
attribute or element, the IDREF may not uniquely identify the desired case if the case
element bearing the matching ID resides in a repeating construct such as element repeat
. The general method described in Resolving ID References in XForms is used to determine the desired run-time case object.
Note:
This action affects deferred updates by performing deferred update in its initialization.
This section defines a child element of toggle
named case
that is an alternate means of providing the identity of a case element to select with a switch.
Element: case
Common attributes: None
Special Attributes:
string
function. An empty string is used if the XPath evaluation fails.
Content: PCDATA
The case to be selected by the toggle
action is given by the case
attribute or the case
element. If both are given, the element takes precedence. Due to the addition of the element, the case
attribute is no longer required, but either the case
attribute or the case
element must appear. The case
element can provide the identity of a case with either its string content or the value
attribute. If both are given, then the value
attribute takes precedence.
<toggle> <case value="concat('case_', ../addressBlockType)"/> </toggle>
This XForms Action begins by invoking the deferred update behavior. This action then dispatches an xforms-focus
event (The xforms-focus Event) to the element identified by attribute control
or child element control
.
Common Attributes: Common, Events, Action Common
Special Attributes:
The identity of the element to which the setfocus
action dispatches xforms-focus
is given by the control
attribute or the control element. If no such element contains the given identifier, then this action has no effect.
Note:
Whether the IDREF is obtained from the control
attribute or element, the IDREF may not uniquely identify the desired form control if the element bearing the matching ID resides in a repeating construct such as element repeat
. The general method described in Resolving ID References in XForms is used to determine the desired form control.
Note:
Changing the focus to a form control within a repeat object may cause one or more repeat index values to be changed as described in Section User Interface Interaction.
This section defines a child element of setfocus
named control
that is an alternate means of providing the element that receives the xforms-focus
event.
Element: control
Common attributes: None
Special Attributes:
string
function. An empty string is used if the XPath evaluation fails.
Content: PCDATA
The identity of the element to which the setfocus
action dispatches xforms-focus
is given by the control
attribute or the control
element. If both are given, the element takes precedence. Due to the addition of the element, the control
attribute is no longer required, but either the control
attribute or the control
element must appear. The control
element can provide the desired element identifier with either its string content or the value
attribute. If both are given, then the value
attribute takes precedence.
<setfocus> <control value="concat('input_', ../paymentType)"/> </setfocus>
This action dispatches an XML Event to a specific target element. Two kinds of event can be dispatched:
bubbles
and cancelable
attributes are ignored and the standard semantics as defined in Processing Model apply.
Common Attributes: Common, Events, Action Common
Special Attributes:
true
for a custom event. For predefined events, this attribute has no effect.
true
for a custom event. For predefined events, this attribute has no effect.
The event to be dispatched is given by the name
attribute or the name child element. Due to the addition of the name
element, the name
attribute is not required, but either the name
attribute or the name
element must appear. If the event name is not specified or empty string, then this action has no effect.
The element to which the event is to be dispatched is identified by the targetid
attribute or the targetid child element. Due to the addition of the targetid
element, the targetid
attribute is not required, but this action has no effect unless the target identifier is specified by the element or attribute. For backwards compatibility with documents created for earlier versions of the specification, the processor of the dispatch
element may allow the attribute named target
and the child element target
to be used. The attribute and element named target
provide exactly the same behaviors as the targetid
attribute and element, except that the target
attribute and element are ignored if the dispatch
element also bears a targetid
attribute or contains a targetid
child element.
Note:
Whether the IDREF is obtained from the targetid
attribute or targetid
element, the IDREF may not uniquely identify the desired target object if the element bearing the matching ID resides in a repeating construct such as element repeat
. The general method described in Resolving ID References in XForms is used to determine the desired target object.
The event may be dispatched immediately or after a specified non-negative number of milliseconds of delay. The event delay is specified the delay
attribute or by the child element delay. If the delay is not specified or if the given value does not conform to xsd:nonNegativeInteger
, then the event is dispatched immediately as the result of the dispatch
action. Otherwise, the specified event is added to the delayed event queue unless an event with the same name and target element already exists on the delayed event queue. The dispatch
action has no effect if the event delay is a non-negative integer and the specified event is already in the delayed event queue.
Note:
Since an element bearing a particular ID may be repeated, the delayed event queue may contain more than one event with the same name and target IDREF. It is the name and the target run-time element that must be unique.
If a run-time element is destroyed, then any delayed events targeted at that element are removed from the delayed event queue. A run-time element may be destroyed for a number of reasons, including shutdown of the form or removal of form controls associated by a repeat
with an instance data node that is destroyed.
As soon as possible after the specified delay in milliseconds has elapsed, the event is removed from the delayed event queue and then dispatched. In the same manner used to handle user-generated events or the completion of an asynchronous submission, the dispatch and processing of delayed events is done without interrupting the processing of another event and its event handlers.
Note:
Because the delayed event is first removed from the delayed event queue and then dispatched, a handler for a given event may dispatch the event again with a delay. This can be used to perform simple polling and asynchronous looping operations. Moreover, the if attribute can be applied to the dispatch
action to decide when to discontinue the polling or looping based on a setting in instance data.
This section defines a new child element of dispatch
that provides an alternate means of specifying the name of the event to dispatch.
Element: name
Common attributes: None
Special Attributes:
string
function. An empty string is used if the XPath evaluation fails.
Content: PCDATA
The event name of the dispatch
action is given by the name
attribute or the name
element. If both are given, the element takes precedence. The name
element can provide the event name with either its string content or the value
attribute. If both are given, then the value
attribute takes precedence.
This section defines a new child element of dispatch
that provides an alternate means of specifying the target of the event to be dispatched.
Element: targetid
Common attributes: None
Special Attributes:
string
function. An empty string is used if the XPath evaluation fails.
Content: PCDATA
The event target of the dispatch
action is given by the targetid
attribute or the targetid
element. If both are given, the element takes precedence. The targetid
element can provide an IDREF for the event target with either its string content or the value
attribute. If both are given, then the value
attribute takes precedence.
This section defines a new child element of dispatch
that provides an alternate means of specifying the delay imposed on the event to be dispatched.
Element: delay
Common attributes: None
Special Attributes:
string
function. If the result does not conform lexically to xsd:nonNegativeInteger
, then the result of empty string is used. An empty string is used if the XPath evaluation fails.
Content: PCDATA
The event delay of the dispatch
action is given by the delay
attribute or the delay
element. If both are given, the element takes precedence. The delay
element can provide the delay with either its string content or the value
attribute. If both are given, then the value
attribute takes precedence.
This action causes the default processing of xforms-rebuild
to happen, bypassing the normal event flow (i.e. the behavior occurs without dispatching the xforms-rebuild
event). This action results in the XForms Processor rebuilding any internal data structures used to track computational dependencies among instance data nodes —see The xforms-rebuild Event.
Common Attributes: Common, Events, Action Common
Special Attributes:
model
associated with the in-scope evaluation context node.
Note:
This action affects deferred updates.
This action causes the default processing of xforms-recalculate
to happen, bypassing the normal event flow (i.e. the behavior occurs without dispatching the xforms-recalculate
event). As a result, instance data nodes whose values need to be recalculated are updated as specified in the processing model—see The xforms-recalculate Event.
Common Attributes: Common, Events, Action Common
Special Attributes:
model
associated with the in-scope evaluation context node.
Note:
This action affects deferred updates.
This action causes the default processing of xforms-revalidate
to happen, bypassing the normal event flow (i.e. the behavior occurs without dispatching the xforms-revalidate
event). This results in the instance data being revalidated as specified by the processing model—see The xforms-revalidate Event.
Common Attributes: Common, Events, Action Common
Special Attributes:
model
associated with the in-scope evaluation context node.
Note:
This action affects deferred updates.
This action causes the default processing of xforms-refresh
to happen, bypassing the normal event flow (i.e. the behavior occurs without dispatching the xforms-refresh
event). This action results in the XForms user interface being refreshed, and the presentation of user interface controls being updated to reflect the state of the underlying instance data—see The xforms-refresh Event.
Common Attributes: Common, Events, Action Common
Special Attributes:
model
associated with the in-scope evaluation context node.
Note:
This action affects deferred updates.
This action initiates reset processing by dispatching an xforms-reset
event to the specified model
. Processing of event xforms-reset
is defined in the processing model—see The xforms-reset Event.
Common Attributes: Common, Events, Action Common
Special Attributes:
model
associated with the in-scope evaluation context node.
Note:
This action affects deferred updates.
This action traverses the specified link.
Common Attributes: Common, Events, Action Common, Single-Node Binding (author-optional)
Special Attributes:
The URI specifying the link to traverse may be pointed to by the Single Node Binding attributes, if given, or by the resource
attribute or the resource child element. Individually, the Single Node Binding, resource
element and resource
attribute are not required. If none are given, the action has no effect. If the Single Node Binding is present and does not select an instance data node, then this action has no effect. If the Single Node Binding is given in addition to one of the resource
attribute or resource
element, then the action has no effect.
The URI obtained in this manner is treated as a link to an external resource, defined as an [XLink 1.0] link between the load
element and the remote resource indicated. No XLink actuate
value is defined, since control of actuation is defined by XML Events. The XLink show
value depends on the show
attribute.
The link indidicated by the URI obtained above is traversed. If the link traversal fails, then an implementation-specific means of conveying the link traversal failure occurs. Otherwise, processing for the document (or portion of the document) reached by traversing the link is specified by the show
attribute. The following are the possible values for the show
attribute and the corresponding processing behaviors:
When it appears as the first child element of load
, the resource
element provides the URI of the link, overriding the resource
attribute. As stated above, the load
action has no effect if both a resource
and a Single Node Binding are given. This element allows the URI used by the load
to be dynamically calculated based on instance data.
Common Attributes: None
Special Attributes:
string
function. An empty string is used if the XPath evaluation fails.
Content: PCDATA
The URI to be used by the load
can be specified with either the value
attribute or the string content of the resource
element. If both are specified, then the value
attribute takes precedence. If the load
does not have a resource
element as its first child, then the URI is obtained from the resource
attribute or the Single Node Binding, if given.
This action initiates submit processing by dispatching an xforms-submit
event. Processing of event xforms-submit
is defined in the processing model—see The xforms-submit Event.
Common Attributes: Common, Events, Action Common
Special Attributes:
submission
element. If this attribute is given but does not identify a submission
element, then the send
action has no effect. If this attribute is omitted, then the first submission
in document order from the model
associated with the in-scope evaluation context is used.
This action encapsulates a message to be displayed to the to the user.
Common Attributes: Common, Events, Action Common, Single Node Binding (author-optional)
Special Attributes:
The message specified can exist in instance data or as inline text. If more than one source of message is specified in this element, the order of precedence is: single node binding attributes, inline text.
The user interface for the message
action is considered to be created at the time the action occurs. If the message is obtained from the inline content of the message
action, then the output of any output
controls in the message
content is determined based on the instance data available when the message
action occurs. For example, the following example displays the message Hello, world!
as the form starts up:
<model> <instance> <data xmlns=""> <name>John</name> </data> </instance> <action ev:event="xforms-ready"> <setvalue ref="name">world</setvalue> <message level="modal">Hello, <output ref="name"/>!</message> ...</action> </model>
In this example, the message includes the latest user input even though other form controls not in the message
action are not guaranteed to be updated until the end of the xforms-refresh
event processing:
<input ref="birthday"> <label>Enter birthday:</label> <message ev:event="xforms-invalid"><output ref="."/> isn't a valid birthday</message> </input>
Note:
Due to deferred update behavior, if a message
action is preceded in an action sequence by other actions that change instance nodes, and the message references nodes that are computationally dependent on the changed nodes, then the form author should invoke the recalculate
action before the message
action. Moreover, if the computational dependencies involved nodes that were inserted or deleted, then the form author should invoke rebuild
prior to the recalculate
.
A graphical browser might render a modal message as follows:
<model> <message level="modal" ev:event="xforms-ready">This is not a drill!</message> ... </model>
A modeless message is the foundation for displaying a help
message, which a graphical browser might render as follows:
<secret ref="/login/password"> <label>Password</label> <help>Have you forgotten your password? Simply call 1-900-555-1212 and have a major credit card handy.</help> </secret>
An ephemeral message is the foundation for displaying a hint
message, which a graphical browser might render as follows:
<input ref="po/address/street1"> <label>Street</label> <hint>Please enter the number and street name</hint> </input>
The if
attribute can be added to any XForms action. It contains an [XPath 1.0] expression that is evaluated using the in-scope evaluation context before the action is executed. The result of the expression is converted to a boolean
as if converted with the boolean()
function defined by the [XPath 1.0] specification. If the converted result of the expression evaluates to false
, then the action is not performed. If the converted result is true
, then the action is performed.
If this attribute is applied to an XForms action
element and the converted result of evaluation is false
, then all of the actions within the action
element are omitted from the execution of the XForms action sequence that invoked the action
element. If the result is true
, then the contained actions are performed according to the normal processing rules such as deferred update behavior and applicability of conditional and iterative attributes.
Note:
In actions insert
and delete
, the attribute context
is evaluated before the if
attribute.
The setfocus
action in each input control is executed only if the node bound to the control is a number of a particular length. The exacting form author could perform further validity tests.
... <input ref="areaCode" id="AreaCodeControl" incremental="true"> <label>Area Code</label> <setfocus ev:event="xforms-value-changed" control="ExchangeControl" if="string-length(.)=3 and . > 0"/> </input> <input ref="exchange" id="ExchangeControl" incremental="true"> <label>Exchange</label> <setfocus ev:event="xforms-value-changed" control="LocalControl" if="string-length(.)=3 and . > 0"/> </input> <input ref="local" id="LocalControl" incremental="true"> <label>Local</label> <setfocus ev:event="xforms-value-changed" control="ExtensionControl" if="string-length(.)=4 and . > 0"/> </input> ...
The trigger that performs a delete conditionally sets the focus to a control outside of the repeat if the repeat becomes empty due to the deletion. The setfocus
is called first because the delete
removes the context node.
... <trigger id="InsertControl"> <label>Insert Row</label> <action ev:event="DOMActivate"> <insert context="purchaseOrder/lines" nodeset="line" at="index('PurchaseOrderRepeat')" origin="instance('prototype')"/> <setfocus control="PurchaseOrderRepeat"/> </action> </trigger> <repeat nodeset="purchaseOrder/lines/line" id="PurchaseOrderRepeat"> ... <trigger> <label>Delete Row</label> <action ev:event="DOMActivate"> <setfocus control="InsertControl" if="last()=1"/> <delete nodeset="../line" at="index('PurchaseOrderRepeat')"/> </action> </trigger> ... </repeat>
The while
attribute can be added to any XForms action. It contains an [XPath 1.0] expression that is evaluated using the in-scope evaluation context before the action is executed. The result of the expression is converted to a boolean
as if converted with the boolean()
function defined by the [XPath 1.0] specification. If the converted result of the expression is true
, then the XForms action is performed and then the expression is re-evaluated. The XForms action is executed repeatedly until the converted result of the expression evaluates to false
.
If this attribute is applied to an XForms action
element, then the sequence of XForms actions in its content are executed repeatedly once for each time the immediately preceding evaluation of the expression yields a result of true
.
When XForms actions are iteratively executed, they are still subject to the normal action processing rules such as deferred update and applicability of conditional and iterative attributes.
An XForms action may be executed zero times due to this attribute. Furthermore, if an action bears this attribute and the if
attribute, then the expressions of both attributes must evaluate to true
before each iterative execution of the action.
Note:
In actions insert
and delete
, the attribute context
is evaluated before the while
attribute. Therefore, context
is re-evaluated before each iteration of the actions controlled by the while
attribute.
Counter and accumlator variables are created in instance data to sum a selection of values chosen by the user
<trigger> <label>Get Sum</label> <action ev:event="DOMActivate"> <setvalue ref="instance('temps')/counter" value="1"/> <setvalue ref="instance('temps')/accumulator" value="0"/> <action while="instance('temps')/counter <= count(/some/nodes)"> <setvalue ref="instance('temps')/accumulator" value=". + instance('default')/some/nodes[number(instance('temps')/counter)]" if="boolean-from-string(/some/nodes[number(instance('temps')/counter)]/@selected)"/> <setvalue ref="instance('temps')/counter" value=". + 1"/> </action> </action> </trigger>
Of the action handlers detailed in this chapter, XForms defines some to be part of the XForms Switch and Repeat modules: The toggle Element and The setindex Element.
XForms is designed to gather instance data, serialize it into an external representation, and submit it with a protocol. XForms defines a set of options for serialization and submission. The following sections define the processing of instance data for submission, and the behavior for the serialization and submission options.
The submission
element represents declarative instructions on what to submit, and how.
Element | Overview of Attributes | Overview of Content Model |
---|---|---|
submission |
Common |
Below is a more detailed decription of each attribute whose name and datatype information appears above.
Common Attributes: Common
Special Attributes:
resource
element, which can dynamically specify the URI based on instance data, or the action
attribute. This attribute should be used in place of the action
attribute. Behavior of relative URIs in links is determined by the host language, although [XML Base] processing is strongly recommended.
resource
attribute, this attribute is deprecated and optional. However, the destination URI must be specified by this attribute or by either the resource
attribute or the resource
element.
bind
element. When present, the binding reference on this attribute is used in preference to any binding reference from the ref
attribute.
xforms-submit
. An asynchronous submission can complete default processing for this event before the submission response is received; in this case, submission response is processed once it is completely received asynchronously. For a "synchronous" submission, the submission response is received and processed during the default processing of event xforms-submit
.
method
or the element method
must be specified. See Section Submission Options for information on how this attribute affects the default serialization of instance data and the HTTP method [RFC 2616].
serialization
is "none" and "true" otherwise.
serialization
is "none" and "true" otherwise.
method
as described in Section Submission Options. If the attribute value is "none", then instance data is not serialized as part of the submission. This can be useful for requests that either require no data or that have the data already gathered in the URI.serialization
to "none" will also have the default effect of preventing relevance pruning and validation. However, the author is free to override this by setting relevant
and/or validate
attributes to "true".version
of XML to be serialized. The default is "1.0".
application/xml
for posted XML data. The default is "application/xml".serialization
attribute. It is only used to provide additional information about the submission data serialization when the serialization is application/xml
. For example, this attribute could be used to indicate that the content type of the XML serialization is text/xml
.omit-xml-declaration
attribute has the value true
, then this attribute is ignored. Otherwise, if this attribute is omitted, then the XML declaration does not include a standalone document declaration, and if this attribute is specified, then the XML declaration includes a standalone document declaration with the same value as this attribute.
replace
attribute value is "instance". When the attribute is absent, then the default is the instance that contains the submission data. An xforms-binding-exception (The xforms-binding-exception Event) occurs if this attribute does not indicate an instance in the same model as the submission.
submission
element is used to evaluate the expression. If replace
is "instance", then the target node is replaced by the submission result. If replace
is "text", then the content of the target node is replaced by the submission result. For other values of the replace
attribute, this attribute is ignored. By default, the target node is the document element of the instance indicated by the instance
attribute.
separator='&'
.
#default
specifies the default namespace.
The following examples show how various options on element submission
can affect serialization as application/xml
. Given the following XForms fragment:
<xforms:model xmlns:xforms="http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms" xmlns:my="http://ns.example.org/2003"> <xforms:instance> <qname xmlns="">my:sample</qname> </xforms:instance> <xforms:submission method="post" resource="..."/> </xforms:model>
Note that the includenamespaceprefixes
attribute is not present, which causes all namespace nodes to be serialized, resulting in the following serialized instance data:
<qname xmlns:xforms="http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms" xmlns:my="http://ns.example.org/2003">my:sample</qname>
In particular, note that the XForms namespace has been serialized. To prevent this example from including the unneeded XForms namespace while maintaining the needed my
prefix, includenamespaceprefixes="my"
must be added to the submission element. When this attribute is present, the author takes responsibility to list all namespace prefixes not visibly utilized by the submitted instance data.
The following attributes correspond (in spelling, processing, and default values) to attributes on the output
element of [XSLT 1.0], with the exception of using xsd:boolean
to replace "yes"|"no"
:
version
indent
encoding
omit-xml-declaration
cdata-section-elements
Note:
The following XSLT attributes have no counterpart in XForms:
doctype-system
doctype-public
The table below provides an overview of the child elements of the XForms submission
element, including their attributes and content models. Elements defined in the XForms Actions module are also allowed in the content model of submission
.
Element | Overview of Attributes | Overview of Content Model |
---|---|---|
resource | value (string XPath Expression) | PCDATA |
method | value (string XPath Expression) | PCDATA |
header | nodeset (nodeset XPath Expression) | name, value+ |
various | various |
Target: submission
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: Yes
Context Info: None
Under no circumstances can more than a single concurrent submit process be under way for a particular XForms submission. From the start of the default action of xforms-submit
for a submission
, until immediately before xforms-submit-done
or xforms-submit-error
is dispatched to that submission
, the default action for subsequent xforms-submit
events dispatched to that submission
is to dispatch xforms-submit-error
to that submission with context information containing an error-type
of submission-in-progress
.
Otherwise, the default action for this event results in the following steps:
rebuild
flag is set for the model
containing this submission
, then the rebuild operation is performed without dispatching an event to invoke the operation. Then, if the deferred update recalculate
flag is set for the model
containing this submission
, then the recalculate operation is performed without dispatching an event to invoke the operation. This sequence of operations affects the deferred update behavior by clearing the deferred update flags associated with the operations performed.
submission
indicate an empty nodeset or a node other than an element or an instance document root node, then submission processing is stopped after dispatching event xforms-submit-error
with context information containing an error-type
of no-data
. Otherwise, the binding attributes of submission
indicate a node of instance data.
relevant
is true
, whether by default or declaration, then any selected node which is not relevant as defined in The relevant Property is deselected (pruned). If all instance nodes are deselected, then submission processing is stopped after dispatching event xforms-submit-error
with context information containing an error-type
of no-data
.
validate
is true
,whether by default or declaration, then all selected instance data nodes are checked for validity according to the definition in The xforms-revalidate Event (no notification events are marked for dispatching due to this operation). Any selected instance data node that is found to be invalid stops submission processing after dispatching event xforms-submit-error
with context information containing an error-type
of validation-error
.
xforms-submit-error
with context information containing an error-type
of resource-error
.
serialization
attribute value is "none"
, then the submission data serialization is the empty string. Otherwise, the submission data serialization is determined as follows. The event xforms-submit-serialize
is dispatched. If the submission-body
property of the event is changed from the initial value of empty string, then the content of the submission-body
property string is used as the submission data serialization
. Otherwise, the submission data serialization
consists of a serialization of the selected instance data according to the rules stated in Submission Options.
submission headers
are determined using the header entries produced by the header
element(s) in the submission and the mediatype
attribute or its default.
submission headers
, submission method, submission resource, and submission data serialization
. The exact rules of submission are based on the URI scheme and the submission method, as defined in Submission Options.
Note:
A submission
with no resource specification can be used to test validity of data. If the selected data is invalid, then the xforms-submit-error
has an error-type
of validation-error
. If the selected data is valid, then the xforms-submit-error
has an error-type
of resource-error
.
If the mode
of the submission
is asynchronous
, then default processing for this event ends after the above steps, and submission processing is resumed once the response from the submission is returned. In the same manner used to handle user-generated events or the dispatch and processing of delayed events, the processing of the asynchronous submission response is done without interrupting the processing of any other event and its event handlers. If the mode
of the submission
is synchronous
, then the XForms processor suspends user interaction with all form controls of the document and action processing is blocked within the default processing for this event until the response from the submission is returned.
The response returned from the submission is applied as follows:
replace
attribute on element submission
is "all
", the event xforms-submit-done
may be dispatched with appropriate context information, and submit processing concludes with entire containing document being replaced with the returned body.
replace
attribute on element submission
is "instance
", the response is parsed as XML. If the parse fails, then submission processing concludes after dispatching xforms-submit-error
with appropriate context information, including an error-type
of parse-error
. However, if the XML parse succeeds, then instance data replacement is performed according to the rules specified in Replacing Data with the Submission Response. This operation may fail for a number of reasons, including if processing of the targetref
attribute yields a readonly node (if replace="text"
) or a node that either has a readonly parent or is not an element (if replace="instance"
). In this case, submission ends after dispatching event xforms-submit-error
with appropriate context information, including an error-type
of target-error
. Otherwise, the instance data replacement succeeds. Submission processing then concludes after dispatching xforms-submit-done
with appropriate context information.
replace
attribute on element submission
is "instance
", nothing in the document is replaced and submission processing concludes after dispatching xforms-submit-error
with appropriate context information, including an error-type
of resource-error
.
text/*
), when the value of the replace
attribute on element submission
is "text
", the response is encoded as text. Then, the content replacement is performed according to the rules specified in Replacing Data with the Submission Response. If the processing of the targetref
attribute (including its default) fails, then the submission processing concludes after dispatching xforms-submit-error
with appropriate context information, including an error-type
of target-error
. Otherwise, submission processing then concludes after dispatching xforms-submit-done
with appropriate context information.
text/*
), when the value of the replace
attribute on element submission
is "text
", nothing in the document is replaced and submission processing concludes after dispatching xforms-submit-error
with appropriate context information, including an error-type
of resource-error
.
replace
attribute on element submission
is "none
", submission processing concludes after dispatching xforms-submit-done
with appropriate context information.
xforms-submit-done
with appropriate context information.
replace
are not defined in this specification.
replace
attribute on element submission
is "all
", either the document is replaced with an implementation-specific indication of an error or submission processing concludes after dispatching xforms-submit-error
with appropriate context information, including an error-type
of resource-error
.
replace
attribute on element submission
is not "all
", nothing in the document is replaced, and submission processing concludes after dispatching xforms-submit-error
with appropriate context information, including an error-type
of resource-error
.
In addition to initiating a submission with its default processing, XForms actions can also provide handlers for the xforms-submit
event to peform tasks such as data preparation.
Example:
<submission resource="http://example.com/searchDoctors" method="post" ref="instance('doctorSearchParams')" replace="instance" targetref="instance('doctorList')" > <action ev:event="xforms-submit"> <setvalue ref="diagnosis" value="instance('patientRecord')/malady"/> <setvalue ref="city" value="instance('patientRecord')/city"/> </action> </submission>
The schema for the doctor search service requires certain portions of the patient record in order to provide a list of specialists who could treat the patient. The server-side module may perform database searches for doctors with the required specialties as well as implement business rules such as providing doctors that are within an acceptable distance of the given city. The resulting list is provided to a separate instance so it can be presented to the user for selection or used in subsequent availability searches.
Dispatched at the beginning of submission
serialization (see The xforms-submit Event).
Target: submission
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info:
Property | Type | Value |
---|---|---|
submission-body | node-set | A document element node with a QName of submission-body . The node initially contains an empty string. Event handlers can write data into the node. If the string value of this node is non-empty, then the string value is used in the submission in lieu of the default instance data serialization.
|
Note:
The submission-body
property is a string, but the event()
function encapsulates the string in a text node so that the string can be modified by the setvalue
action, which sets a value into a node determined by its Single Node Binding.
Note:
Since the submission-body
is a string, this feature may be used to submit non-XML data.
Default Action: If the event context submission-body
property string is empty, then no operation is performed so that the submission
will use the normal serialization data (see The xforms-submit Event). Otherwise, if the event context submission-body
property string is non-empty, then the serialization data for the submission
is set to be the content of the submission-body
string.
Example:
<submission resource="http://example.com/greeter" method="post" mediatype="text/plain"> <setvalue ev:event="xforms-submit-serialize" ref="event('submission-body')" value="my/text"/> </submission>
The string value of the element my/text
is placed into the node representing the submission body, so that is the text posted by the submission. In this example, the result returned by the submission replaces the document. This feature could be used to submit plain text, but it could also be used to allow a document to submit its serialization rather than just submitting instance data.
Dispatched as an indication of: successful completion of a submission process
Target: submission
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info:
Property | Type | Value |
---|---|---|
resource-uri | string | The submission resource URI that succeeded (xsd:anyURI) |
response-status-code | number | The protocol return code of the success response, or NaN if the submission did not receive a success response.
|
response-headers | node-set | Zero or more elements, each one representing a content header in the success response received by the submission. The returned node-set is empty if the submission did not receive a response or if there were no headers. Each element has a local name of header with no namespace URI and two child elements, name and value , whose string contents are the name and value of the header, respectively.
|
response-reason-phrase | string | The protocol response reason phrase of the success response. The string is empty if the submission did not receive a response or if the response did not contain a reason phrase. |
Default Action: None; notification event only.
Example:
<submission resource="https://example.com/getRecord" method="post" replace="instance" instance="record"> <send ev:event="xforms-submit-done" submission="chargeForRecord"/> </submission> <submission id="chargeForRecord" resource="https://example.com/chargeForRecord" method="get" serialization="none" replace="none"/>
The default instance data is submitted as the search criteria for a desired record. Only upon successful completion of the submission is a second submission performed to charge the user's account for the record.
Dispatched as an indication of: failure of a submission process
Target: submission
Bubbles: Yes
Cancelable: No
Context Info:
Property | Type | Value |
---|---|---|
error-type | string | One of the following: submission-in-progress , no-data , validation-error , parse-error , resource-error , target-error .
|
resource-uri | string | The submission resource URI that failed (xsd:anyURI) |
response-status-code | number | The protocol return code of the error response, or NaN if the failed submission did not receive an error response.
|
response-headers | node-set | Zero or more elements, each one representing a content header in the error response received by a failed submission. The returned node-set is empty if the failed submission did not receive an error response or if there were no headers. Each element has a local name of header with no namespace URI and two child elements, name and value , whose string contents are the name and value of the header, respectively.
|
response-reason-phrase | string | The protocol response reason phrase of the error response. The string is empty if the failed submission did not receive an error response or if the error response did not contain a reason phrase. |
response-body | object (string or node-set) |
When the error response specifies an XML media type as defined by [RFC 3023], the response body is parsed into an XML document and the root element of the document is returned. If the parse fails, or if the error response specifies a text media type (starting with |
Default Action: None; notification event only.
Example:
<submission resource="https://example.com/getRecord" method="post" replace="instance" instance="record"> <message ev:event="xforms-submit-error">A submission error (<output value="event('error-type')"/>) occurred.</message> </submission>
The default instance data is submitted as the search criteria for a desired record. Only upon successful completion of the submission is a second submission performed to charge the user's account for the record.
The submission resource
is the URI for the submission. It is of type xsd:anyURI
.
In XForms 1.0, the URI for submission was provided by the action
attribute. For consistency, form authors should now use the attribute resource
of type xsd:anyURI
, which deprecates the action
attribute. If both action
and resource
are present, then the resource
attribute takes precedence.
The resource
element provides the submission URI, overriding the resource
attribute and the action
attribute. If a submission
has more than one resource
child element, the first resource
element child must be selected for use. Individually, the resource
element, the resource
attribute and the action
attribute are not required. However, one of the three is mandatory as there is no default submission resource.
The resource
element allows the URI used for a submission to be dynamically calculated based on instance data.
Common Attributes: None
Special Attributes:
string
function. An empty string is used if the XPath evaluation fails.
Content: PCDATA
The URI to be used by the submission
can be specified with either the value
attribute or the string content of the resource
element. If both are specified, then the value
attribute takes precedence. If the submission
does not have a resource
child element, then the submission URI is obtained from the resource
attribute or the action
attribute.
Example:
<submission method="post"> <resource value="instance('params')/anyURI"/> </submission>
The submission method
indicates the submission protocol operation to be performed.
The submission method may be specified by the method
attribute. The submission
element can have a child element named method
, which overrides the submission method setting obtained from the method
attribute if both are specified. If more than one method
element is given, the first occurrence in document order must be selected for use. Individually, the method
element and the method
attribute are not required. However, one of the two is mandatory as there is no default submission method.
The method
element allows the submission method to be dynamically calculated based on instance data.
Common Attributes: None
Special Attributes:
string
function. An empty string is used if the XPath evaluation fails.
Content: PCDATA
The method to be used by the submission
can be specified with either the value
attribute or the string content of the method
element. If both are specified, then the value
attribute takes precedence. If the submission
does not have a method
child element, then the submission method is obtained from the method
attribute.
The header
element can be used to contribute information to the preamble of a submission in a manner appropriate to the protocol. The submission
element can contain zero or more header
child elements. Each produces zero or more header entries containing a name, a value, and a combination. The entries are provided to the submission protocol in the specified order. It is the responsibility of the submission protocol implementation to combine the entries and to serialize the result into submission protocol headers. Accordingly, entries may be re-ordered, combined, or otherwise altered in accordance with the specific protocol implementation requirements.
Common Attributes: None
Special Attributes:
header
with other entries produced by other header
elements. This attribute and its default also provide information for the protocol implementation, which may use some or all of the information to combine XForms submission headers with headers provided by the user agent.
Content: (name
, value
+) | (value
+, name
)
If the header
element does not contain a nodeset
attribute, then one header entry is created for each value
element. If the header
element contains a nodeset
attribute, then for each selected node, one header entry is created for each value
element. The name and value of the header entry are obtained from the required child elements name
(The name Element) and value
(The value Element). If the name obtained from the name
element is the empty string, then the header entry is omitted.
The header entry order is determined as follows:
header
elements
nodeset
attribute
value
elements
The application of this order information to header serialization is determined by the submission protocol.
If a header
element defines the Content-type
header, then this setting overrides a Content-type
set by the mediatype
attribute.
In the case of a multipart submission, the header entries are combined with those for the first part of the submission.
Example:
In the example below, the submission request uses the header
element to replace the user agent's existing value of the HTTP Accept header with application/sparql-results+xml
.
<submission id="loadConcepts" resource="http://example.com/taxonomy/concepts" method="get" ref="instance('conceptsList')" replace="instance"> <header combine="replace"> <name>Accept</name> <value>application/sparql-results+xml</value> </header> </submission>
When the name
element appears as a child of element header
, it is used to specify the name of a header entry to be provided to the submission protocol.
Common Attributes: None
Special Attributes:
string
function. An empty string is used if the XPath evaluation fails.
The header entry name may be given by the string content of the name
element, or by the result of the value
attribute. If both are given, the result from the value
attribute takes precedence. If the resulting name is the empty string, then the entry is considered to be void, and it is not supplied to the submission protocol.
When the value
element appears as a child of element header
, it is used to specify the value component of a header entry to be supplied to the submission protocol to be added to the preamble of a submission. The value
element may be used more than once in a given element header
, in which case each value produces a new header entry.
Common Attributes: None
Special Attributes:
string
function. An empty string is used if the XPath evaluation fails.
The header entry value may be given by the string content of the value
element, or by the result of the value
attribute. If both are given, the result from the value
attribute takes precedence.
Note:
The XPath string
function combines multiple nodes by concatenating them into a string separated with spaces. As a result, a header value specified by a value
element nodeset containing multiple nodes may not be properly serialized in a submission protocol preamble. To assure proper delivery of individual header items to the submission protocol, restrict use of XPath expressions producing nodesets for element header
with attribute nodeset
, where each node will produce its own separate header entry, and use expressions resulting in only a single node in element value
.
The XForms Model specifies a submission
element containing the following attributes and child elements that affect serialization and submission. This section summarizes the behaviors for the allowable values of these attributes and child elements, and presents subsections that define the behavior for submission and serialization.
header
elements
For the submission protocol obtained from the URI scheme in the submission resource, XForms normatively defines a binding to HTTP/1.1 [RFC 2616].
Note:
Other bindings, in particular to the URI scheme "mailto:" may, and the schemes "https:" and "file:" should, be supported. Bindings to these schemes are not normatively defined in XForms. Implementations that choose to provide a binding to these schemes should pay particular attention to privacy and security concerns. Within the "http:" and "https:" schemes, form creators are encouraged to follow the finding of the W3C Technical Architecture Group on when to use the GET method: [TAG Finding 7]
The submission method determines the default data serialization format, and both the submission method and the URI scheme in the submission resource determine the submission protocol operation, according to the following table:
URI scheme | Default Serialization | Submission Protocol Operation | |
---|---|---|---|
http https mailto | "post" | application/xml
| HTTP POST or equivalent |
http https file | "get" | application/x-www-form-urlencoded
| HTTP GET or equivalent |
http https file | "delete" | application/x-www-form-urlencoded
| HTTP DELETE or equivalent |
http https file | "put" | application/xml
| HTTP PUT or equivalent |
http https mailto | "multipart-post" | multipart/related
| HTTP POST or equivalent |
http https mailto | "form-data-post" | multipart/form-data
| HTTP POST or equivalent |
http https mailto | "urlencoded-post" | application/x-www-form-urlencoded
| HTTP POST or equivalent |
(any) |
Any other NCName | application/xml
|
As given by the Submission Method |
(any) | implementation-defined | implementation-defined |
Note:
Foreign-namespaced attribute values are allowed in the Submission Method, but no behavior is defined by XForms.
This submit method represents HTTP GET or the equivalent concept. The serialized form data is delivered as part of the URI that is requested during the submit process.
This method is not suitable for submission of forms that are intended to change state or cause other actions to take place at the server. See [RFC 2616] for recommended uses of HTTP GET.
The URI is constructed as follows:
?
(question mark) character, one is appended. If it does already contain a question mark character and the serialized form data is non-empty, then a separator character from the attribute separator
is appended.
No message body is sent with the request.
Examples:
<submission resource="http://example.com/search" method="get"/>
After doing relevance and validity checking on the data, the leaf nodes of the default instance are submitted asynchronously, encoded as a URL (application/x-www-form-urlencoded
), to http://example.com/search
. The result replaces the whole page.
<submission resource="file:data.xml" method="get" serialization="none" replace="instance" instance="data" />
Replaces the instance 'data' with the content of the file data.xml. Serialization, and its associated validity and relevance processing, is not needed. See the corresponding example for saving a file in Section The put Submission Method. The user agent may restrict file access to a user-specific and domain-specific security zone in local storage.
These submit methods represent HTTP POST or the equivalent concept (such as a mail message). The serialized form data is delivered as the message body.
Examples:
<submission resource="https://example.com/jsp/orders" method="post" ref="/purchaseOrder" />
Submits the XML for a purchase order to a secure server order processing system.
<submission resource="http://example.com/login" method="urlencoded-post"/>
After doing relevance pruning and validity checking on the login data, the leaf nodes of the default instance are submitted asynchronously in the posted data, encoded based on the application/x-www-form-urlencoded
serialization, to http://example.com/login
. The result replaces the whole page.
This submit method represents HTTP PUT or the equivalent concept (such as writing to a local file). The serialized form data is delivered as the message body.
Example:
<submission resource="file:data.xml" ref="instance('data')" method="put" validate="false" relevant="false" replace="none" />
Saves the instance 'data' to the file data.xml without validation checking and relevance pruning. See the corresponding example for reading from a local file in Section The get Submission Method. The user agent may restrict file access to a user-specific and domain-specific security zone in local storage.
This submit method represents HTTP DELETE or the equivalent concept (such as deleting a local file). The serialized form data is delivered in the same manner as the get submission method (see The get Submission Method).
This format permits the expression of the instance data as XML that is straightforward to process with off-the-shelf XML processing tools. In addition, this format is capable of submission of binary content.
The steps for serialization are as follows:
submission
element.
includenamespaceprefixes
on element submission
is present, then all namespace declarations not visibly utilized in the instance data (as defined in [Exc-C14N]) and the default namespace if it is empty are excluded from the root element serialization, unless the corresponding namespace prefix is listed in the includenamespaceprefixes
attribute. The special value #default
represents the default namespace.
application/xml
, but can be changed to a compatible type using element submission
attribute mediatype
. Authors should ensure that the type specified is compatible with application/xml
.
This format is intended for integration of XForms into environments that involve large amounts of binary data where the inclusion of the data as xsd:base64Binary
or xsd:hexBinary
is undesirable.
In this format, XML instance data is serialized as one part of the [RFC 2387] multipart/related
message, using the rules as described in Serialization as application/xml. Binary content from xsd:anyURI
instance nodes populated by the upload
(see The upload Element) control is serialized in separate parts of the [RFC 2387] multipart/related
message.
This format follows the rules of multipart/related
MIME data streams for in [RFC 2387], with specific requirements of this serialization listed below:
multipart/related
message header requirements:
type
parameter of the mediatype of the serialized XML instance.
start
parameter referring to the Content-ID first body part (root).
Content-Type
parameter of the type specified by the submission
mediatype
attribute.
xsd:anyURI
populated by upload
with:
Content-Type
header that represents the type of the attachment if known, otherwise application/octet-stream
.
Content-Transfer-Encoding
header.
Content-ID
header whose value matches the URI in the associated instance data node.
Content-Transfer-Encoding
heading.
<submission method="multipart-post" resource="http://example.com/photo" />
Submits the instance data in multipart/related
, along with the selected file as an attachment.
POST /photo HTTP/1.0 Host: example.com Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary=f93dcbA3; type=application/xml; start="<980119.X53GGT@example.com>" Content-Length: xxx --f93dcbA3 Content-Type: application/xml; charset=UTF-8 Content-ID: <980119.X53GGT@example.com> <?xml version="1.0"?> <uploadDocument> <title>My Proposal</title> <author>E. X. Ample</author> <summary>A proposal for a new project.</summary> <notes image="cid:980119.X17AXM@example.com">(see handwritten region)</notes> <keywords>project proposal funding</keywords> <readonly>false</readonly> <filename>image.png</filename> <content>cid:980119.X25MNC@example.com</content> </uploadDocument> --f93dcbA3 Content-Type: image/png Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary Content-ID: <980119.X25MNC@example.com> ...Binary data here... --f93dcbA3 Content-Type: image/png Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary Content-ID: <980119.X17AXM@example.com> ...Binary data here... --f93dcbA3--
This format is for legacy compatibility to permit the use of XForms clients with [RFC 2388] servers. This method is suitable for the persistence of binary content. Contextual path information, attribute values, namespaces and namespace prefixes are not preserved. As a result, different elements might serialize to the same name.
Note:
Existing HTML user agents fail to encode special characters (such as double quotes) and non-ASCII characters in the Content-Disposition: form-data
name
and filename
parameters. Since this serialization method is supported for legacy applications only, new applications should use application/xml
or multipart/related
.
This format follows the rules for multipart/form-data
MIME data streams in [RFC 2388], with specific requirements of this serialization listed below:
relevant
setting of the submission
is true
.
Content-Disposition: form-data
MIME parts as defined in [RFC 2388], with the name
parameter being the element local name.
upload
also have a Content-Disposition
filename
parameter, if the filename is available.
upload
are serialized as the specified binary content. In the case of xsd:anyURI
and derived types, the serialization content is obtained from the URI. For xsd:base64Binary
, xsd:hexBinary
, and derived types, the serialization content is obtained by decoding the element string value.
upload
are serialized as the string value of the element (the concatenation of all text node children, or empty string if the element has no text node children).
Content-Type
must be text/plain
except for xsd:anyURI
, xsd:base64Binary
, xsd:hexBinary
, and derived types, in which case the header represents the media type of the attachment if known, otherwise application/octet-stream
. If a character set is applicable, the Content-Type
may have a charset
parameter.
Example:
<submission method="form-data-post" resource="http://example.com/photo" />
Submits the instance data in multipart/form-data
, along with the selected file as a part.
POST /photo HTTP/1.0 Host: example.com Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=AaB03x Content-Length: xxx --AaB03x Content-Disposition: form-data; name="document"; filename="b.txt" Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 This is a file. It has two lines. --AaB03x Content-Disposition: form-data; name="title" A File --AaB03x Content-Disposition: form-data; name="summary" This is my file file test --AaB03x--
This format represents an extension of the [XHTML 1.0] form content type application/x-www-form-urlencoded
with specific rules for encoding non-ASCII and reserved characters.
This format is not suitable for the persistence of binary content. Therefore, it is recommended that forms capable of containing binary content use another serialization method.
The steps for serialization are as follows:
relevant
setting of the submission
is true
. Each visited element that has no child element nodes (i.e., each leaf element node) is selected for inclusion, including those that have no value (no text node). Note that attribute information is not preserved.
EltName=value
, where =
is a literal character, EltName
represents the element local name, and value
represents the string value of the element (the concatenation of all text node children, or empty string if the element has no text node children). The separator character {sep} from the separator
attribute on submission
is used between pairs of encoded name/value pairs, e.g. EltName1=value1{sep}EltName2=value2{sep}EltName3=value3
. Note that contextual path information is not preserved, nor are namespaces or namespace prefixes. As a result, different elements might serialize to the same name.
EltName
and value
are as follows: space characters are replaced by +
, and then non-ASCII and reserved characters (as defined by [RFC 2396] as amended by subsequent documents in the IETF track) are escaped by replacing the character with one or more octets of the UTF-8 representation of the character, with each octet in turn replaced by %HH
, where HH
represents the uppercase hexadecimal notation for the octet value and %
is a literal character. Line breaks are represented as "CR LF" pairs (i.e., %0D%0A
).
Example:
GivenName=Ren%C3%A9
This format consists of simple name-value pairs.
<PersonName title="Mr"> <GivenName>René</GivenName> </PersonName>
Here is the instance data for the above example. Note that very little of the data is preserved. Authors desiring greater data integrity should select a different serialization format.
The submission
element allows an author-optional attribute named targetref
. The attribute value is interpreted as a binding expression to which the first node rule is applied to obtain a replacement target node for the submission response. This attribute is ignored unless the value of the replace
attribute is "instance" or "text".
For backwards compatibility with documents created for earlier versions of the specification, the processor of the submission
element may allow the author-optional attribute named target
to be used. The target
attribute provides exactly the same behaviors as the targetref
attribute except that the target
attribute is ignored if the submission
element also bears a targetref
attribute.
The default replacement target node is the document element node of the instance identified by the instance
attribute, which is equal to the default instance of the model if not specified. The evaluation context for this attribute is the in-scope evaluation context for the submission
element, except the context node is modified to be the document element of the instance identified by the instance
attribute if it is specified.
This attribute is evaluated only once a successful submission response has been received and if the replace
attribute value is "instance" or "text". The first node rule is applied to the result.
The processing of the targetref
attribute (and its default) is considered to have failed if the result is any of the following:
replace="text"
replace="instance"
replace="instance"
If the processing of the targetref
attribute fails, then submission processing ends after dispatching the event xforms-submit-error
with an error-type
of target-error
.
If the replace
attribute contains the value "text
" and the submission response conforms to an XML mediatype (as defined by the content type specifiers in [RFC 3023]) or a text media type (as defined by a content type specifier of text/*
), then the response data is encoded as text and replaces the content of the replacement target node.
If the replace
attribute contains the value "instance
" and the submission response conforms to an XML mediatype (as defined by the content type specifiers in [RFC 3023]) and the XML parse of the submission response succeeds, then the XML obtained from the submission response is used to replace the target node. The XML in the response may have comment and processing instruction nodes before and after the document element. These nodes are discarded if the replacement target node is not the document element of an instance. Otherwise, those processing instructions and comments replace any processing instructions and comments that previously appeared outside of the document element of the instance being replaced.
In the case of text replacement of the content of the replacement target node, the replacement is performed by the XForms Action setvalue
(The setvalue Element). In the case of instance node replacement, the replacement is performed by an XForms action that performs some combination of node insertion and deletion operations that are performed by the insert
action (The insert Element) and the delete
action (The delete Element). If the submission
has a mode
of "asynchronous
", then the text replacement action or the instance node replacement action is an outermost action handler, so the deferred update behavior occurs at the end of the action. If the mode
is "synchronous
", then the text replacement action or the instance node replacement action is not outermost since occurs during the default processing of xforms-submit
, so the appropriate deferred update flags are set based on whether the action was a setvalue
or whether it performed a series of insert
and delete
actions.
Note:
In an asynchronous submission, the deferred update behavior ensures that the user interface is up to date with the latest calculated values before the xforms-submit-done
event is dispatched. In a synchronous submission, the calculated values dependent on replaced text or data nodes can be made available to actions in the xforms-submit-done
handler by first invoking the recalculate
action. A sequence of synchronous submissions performed with successive send
actions can avoid refreshing the user interface until after the completion of the last send
action.
Examples:
<submission resource="http://example.com/jsp/prefill" method="post" ref="name" replace="instance" targetref="address"/>
This submission would be invoked after the user enters a value for name
. Based on the name given, a simple server-side database lookup is performed to get a last known address. The address
element is replaced with the result, prefilling part of the form for the user.
<submission resource="http://example.com/postalCodeSearch" method="get" ref="address" replace="text" targetref="address/postalCode"/>
The address information is past to a postal code search service that returns a textual result, which is placed into the postalCode
element.
<model xmlns:my="http://example.org"> <instance> <my:data> <my:name> <my:first-name>John</my:first-name> <my:last-name>Doe</my:last-name> </my:name> <my:address> <my:street>123 Main St.</my:street> <my:city>Smallville</my:city> </my:address> </my:data> </instance> <bind nodeset="/my:data/my:name/" readonly="true()"/> <bind nodeset="/my:data/my:address/my:street" readonly="true()"/> <submission id="S1" targetref="my:name" replace="instance" method="post" resource="..."/> <submission id="S2" targetref="my:name/my:first-name" replace="instance" method="post" resource="..."/> <submission id="S3" targetref="my:name/my:first-name" replace="text" method="post" resource="..."/> <submission id="S4" targetref="my:address/my:street" replace="text" method="post" resource="..."/> </model>
Submission S1 succeeds because a readonly node (my:name
) can be replaced if its parent is not readonly. Submission S2 fails because a node (my:first-name
) cannot be replaced if its parent is readonly. Submission S3 fails because the content of a readonly node cannot be replaced, even if it is readonly due to inheritance. Submission S4 failse because the content of a readonly node cannot be replaced, even if the node's parent is not readonly.
This section describes the integration of XForms submission with [SOAP 1.1] and [SOAP 1.2]
The single-node binding of the submission
element refers to the XML data to be submitted. In the case of a SOAP submission, the instance data includes the SOAP envelope and related SOAP tags.
Note:
The form author may choose to store the data payload in one instance and copy the data to the submission instance containing the SOAP envelope as part of an xforms-submit
event handler. The form author is responsible for declaring the appropriate model item properties on both instances (e.g. the relevant
declarations).
For a SOAP submission, the mediatype
attribute of the submission
must be set to the MIME type of application/soap+xml
. The form author may append charset
and action
MIME parameters.
Note:
The action
MIME parameter has no effect unless the submission method
is "post" because the GET method implies no SOAP processing by the receiving SOAP node.
Note:
SOAP 1.1 does not support the HTTP GET operation.
The method
attribute of the submission
must be set to get
or post
in order to access the SOAP HTTP binding.
If method="get"
, then the SOAP response message exchange pattern is used. The HTTP headers must contain the Accept parameter with a value conforming to the following properties:
application/soap+xml
mediatype
contains a charset
MIME parameter, then it is appended to the application/soap+xml
MIME type. Otherwise, a charset
MIME parameter with same value as the encoding
attribute (or its default) is appended to the application/soap+xml
MIME type.
mediatype
are copied to the application/soap+xml
MIME type
q
MIME parameter must not be specified in the application/soap+xml
MIME type so that the default quality of 1 is used.
If method="post"
, then the SOAP request-response message exchange pattern is used. For SOAP 1.2, the current submission behavior of using the mediatype
attribute value as the value of the Content-type
parameter in the HTTP headers is sufficient. If the instance data being submitted has as its root element node a SOAP envelope in the SOAP 1.1 namespace (http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/
), then:
Content-type
HTTP header is changed to text/xml
charset
MIME parameter is appended . The charset parameter value from the mediatype
attribute is used if it is specified. Otherwise, the value of the encoding
attribute (or its default) is used.
action
MIME parameter appears in the mediatype
then a SOAPAction HTTP header is added and given a value equal to the content of the action
MIME parameter
Note:
XForms 1.1 does not support the SOAP email binding, so method="post" with a mailto:
scheme results in an xforms-submit-error
event before any submit processing message is dispatched.
Note:
XForms 1.1 does not support the SOAP 1.1 binding to the HTTP Extension Framework.
Example:
<xforms:model xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:tns="http://www.webservice.net"> <xforms:instance id="data"> <data xmlns=""> <city>Victoria</city> <country>Canada</country> <weather>Mostly sunny and cool. High 12C. Low 3C.</weather> </data> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance id="GetWeatherSoapIn"> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"> <soap:Body> <GetWeather xmlns="http://www.webservice.net"> <CityName>Victoria</CityName> <CountryName>Canada</CountryName> </GetWeather> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance id="GetWeatherSoapOut"> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"> <soap:Body> <GetWeatherResponse xmlns="http://www.webservice.net"> <GetWeatherResult>Mostly sunny and cool. High 12C. Low 3C.</GetWeatherResult> </GetWeatherResponse> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope> </xforms:instance> <xforms:submission id="GetWeather" resource="http://www.webservice.net/getweather.asmx" method="post" ref="instance('GetWeatherSoapIn')" mediatype="application/soap+xml; action=http://www.webservice.net/GetWeather" replace="instance" instance="GetWeatherSoapOut"> <xforms:action ev:event="xforms-submit"> <xforms:setvalue ref="instance('GetWeatherSoapOut')/soap:Body/tns:GetWeather/tns:CityName" value="instance('data')/city"/> <xforms:setvalue ref="instance('GetWeatherSoapOut')/soap:Body/tns:GetWeather/tns:CountryName" value="instance('data')/country"/> </xforms:action> <xforms:action ev:event="xforms-submit-done"> <xforms:setvalue ref="instance('data')/weather" value="instance('GetWeatherSoapOut')/soap:Body/tns:GetWeatherResponse/tns:GetWeatherResult"/> </xforms:action> </xforms:submission> </xforms:model> <xforms:input ref="city"> <xforms:label>City </xforms:label> <xforms:send ev:event="xforms-value-changed" submission="GetWeather"/> </xforms:input> <xforms:input ref="country"> <xforms:label>Country </xforms:label> <xforms:send ev:event="xforms-value-changed" submission="GetWeather"/> </xforms:input> <xforms:output ref="weather"> <xforms:label>The weather forecast is </xforms:label> </xforms:output>
This form accepts input of a city name and country name from the user. When the user changes either value, the 'GetWeather' web service is initiated. On xforms-submit
, the user input is copied into the request envelope. When the web service submission result is received, the xforms-submit-done
handler copies the weather forecast from the response envelope to the data instance.
The submission and the request and response instances correspond to the web service definition below:
<wsdl:definitions xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:tns="http://www.webservice.net" targetNamespace="http://www.webservice.net"> <wsdl:types> <xs:schema elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://www.webservice.net"> <xs:element name="GetWeather"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" name="CityName" type="xs:string" /> <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" name="CountryName" type="xs:string" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="GetWeatherResponse"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" name="GetWeatherResult" type="xs:string" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> ... </wsdl:types> <wsdl:message name="GetWeatherSoapIn"> <wsdl:part name="parameters" element="tns:GetWeather" /> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:message name="GetWeatherSoapOut"> <wsdl:part name="parameters" element="tns:GetWeatherResponse" /> </wsdl:message> ... <wsdl:portType name="GetWeatherSoap"> <wsdl:operation name="GetWeather"> <wsdl:input message="tns:GetWeatherSoapIn" /> <wsdl:output message="tns:GetWeatherSoapOut" /> </wsdl:operation> ... </wsdl:portType> ... <wsdl:binding name="GetWeatherSoap" type="tns:GetWeatherSoap"> <soap:binding transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" style="document" /> <wsdl:operation name="GetWeather"> <soap:operation soapAction="http://www.webservice.net/GetWeather" style="document" /> <wsdl:input> <soap:body use="literal" /> </wsdl:input> <wsdl:output> <soap:body use="literal" /> </wsdl:output> </wsdl:operation> ... </wsdl:binding> <wsdl:service name="GetWeatherService"> <wsdl:port name="GetWeatherSoap" binding="tns:GetWeatherSoap"> <soap:address location="http://www.webservice.net/getweather.asmx" /> </wsdl:port> ... </wsdl:service> </wsdl:definitions>
The XForms processor must handle client authorization and redirection.
SOAP faults (400 and 500 level errors) are handled in the same manner as underlying HTTP errors, which is to say that an xforms-submit-error
event is dispatched.
On successful completion, the results are consumed according to the XForms submission process, culminating in an xforms-submit-done
event. The form author may capture this event and copy data from the target instance that receives the returned SOAP envelope to other instances that are designed to carry only data.
All XForms Containing Documents must conform to the following specifications, except as qualified below:
XForms elements are typically inserted into a containing document in multiple places. The root element for each individual fragment of XForms must be model
, a core form control, group
, repeat
, or switch
. Individual XForms fragments must be schema-valid according to the Schema for XForms (Schema for XForms), except that the host language may add elements of its own namespace to the content models of the following elements: group
, repeat
, case
, label
, help
, hint
, alert
and message
. .
A host language may introduce additional conformance requirements.
The following are base technologies for XForms. An XForms Processor therefore must conform to the following specifications, except as qualified below:
XForms is a generalized XML processing language. Therefore, the XForms specification is intended for implementation on hardware platforms of all sizes, from tiny hand-held devices to high-powered servers. This section describes two main levels of conformance that are useful in varied scenarios.
This conformance level is distinguished by the processor's property()
function returning a string beginning with "model"
for the conformance-level
property.
An XForms model
can contain or reference XML schemas, XForms instance
elements, XForms bind
elements, XForms submission
elements, and XForms actions. XForms submission
elements can also contain XForms actions.
An XForms Model Processor is a reduced functionality XForms Processor with required, recommended and optional features described in this section.
An XForms Model Processor must support all attributes of the model
element. The processor must support the valid attributes and content of the instance
element, and it should support the notification events xforms-insert
and xforms-delete
. The processor must support all attributes, content and other aspects of bind
elements, except p3ptype
support is optional. The processor must fully support [XPath 1.0], including all XForms extension functions (though the index()
function may return 1
if the processor has no information about the identified repeat
element). The processor must make available the automatic schema datatype information defined by XForms. The processor must be able to parse inline and external declared XML schema and consume their schema datatype information [XML Schema part 2], and the processor should consume all schema information available where appropriate in the XForms processing model. An XForms Model Processor may (and hence may not) support user interface creation and refresh behaviors described for model
processing. An XForms Model Processor must support action handlers for the events xforms-model-construct-done
, xforms-ready
, xforms-link-exception
and xforms-version-exception
. The processor may support action handlers for the xforms-refresh
event, and it should support all other events targetted at model
elements. The support for attributes and elements of [XML Events] is described below in the description of the support for XForms Actions.
An XForms Model Processor should support the XForms Submission module. If it does, then all attributes, child elements, behaviors and events must be supported except as follows. The support for attributes and elements of [XML Events] on action handlers for submission events is described below in the description of the support for XForms Actions. All NCName submission methods should be supported, and the following methods must be supported: get
, post
, put
, delete
, and urlencoded-post
. The mode
attribute should be supported; at least one of asynchronous or synchronous submission must be supported. The http
submission scheme must be supported. The https
and file
schemes should be supported. Other schemes may be supported such as mailto
or ftp
. XForms-defined submission headers may be combined with those from the user agent in the manner specified by the combine
attribute.
An XForms Model Processor must support the following actions: action
, insert
, delete
, setvalue
, reset
, rebuild
, recalculate
, revalidate
, and dispatch
. The processor should support send
and load
. The processor may support refresh
, setindex
, setfocus
, toggle
, and message
. For every supported action, the processor must support all local attributes defined for the action, including conditional and iteration attributes. An XForms Model Processor must support the attribute ev:event
so that XForms action handlers can appear as children of either the target elements of the events they handle or ancestors of those elements. The processor should support the attribute ev:target
so action handlers can identify the events targetted at a particular descendant of the action handler's parent element (e.g. the xforms-insert
or xforms-delete
event on a particular instance
of the model
). The processor may support all other features of [XML Events].
This conformance level is distinguished by the processor's property()
function returning a string beginning with "full"
for the conformance-level
property.
An XForms Full Processor is an XForms Processor consisting of a conforming XForms Model Processor along with the following additional required, recommended and optional features:
model
processing.
refresh
, setfocus
, and message
.
group
element is encountered during user interface initialization, then the processor must terminate processing after dispatching xforms-binding-exception.
toggle
action and the XForms Switch Module. If the processor does not support this module and a switch
element is encountered during user interface initialization, then the processor must terminate processing after dispatching xforms-binding-exception.
setindex
action and the XForms Repeat Module, except that support of the repeat-*
attributes is optional. If the processor does not support this module and a repeat
element is encountered during user interface initialization, then the processor must terminate processing after dispatching xforms-binding-exception.
group
, switch
, repeat
, and their descendant elements (e.g. case
and item
).
nodeset
attribute of a bind
element in an XForms model. Often, a bind
also declares computed expressions for model item properties of the nodes. ]
xsi:type
or by an external or inline schema).]
"[1-9]\d*\.\d+"
.]
This appendix provides several usage patterns for the setvalue
, insert
and delete
actions that perform various kinds of mutations of instance data elements and attributes.
Pattern: <insert context="parent of new element" origin="element to copy"/>
Note:
The context
attribute is used so that this pattern will work whether or not the parent element is empty.
Operation: Prepend a new, empty person
element into a list of people
<xforms:insert context="people" origin="instance('prototypes')/person"/>
Data Before Operation
<xforms:instance> <data xmlns=""> <people> <person> <name>Jane Doe</name> </person> </people> </data> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance id="prototypes"> <prototypes xmlns=""> <person> <name/> </person> </prototypes> </xforms:instance>
Data After Operation
<xforms:instance> <data xmlns=""> <people> <person> <name/> </person> <person> <name>Jane Doe</name> </person> </people> </data> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance id="prototypes"> <prototypes xmlns=""> <person> <name/> </person> </prototypes> </xforms:instance>
Pattern: <insert context="parent of new element" nodeset="*" origin="element to copy"/>
Note:
The context
attribute is used so that this pattern will work whether or not the parent element is empty.
Operation: Append a new, empty person
element into a list of people
<xforms:insert context="people" nodeset="person" origin="instance('prototypes')/person"/>
Data Before Operation
<xforms:instance> <data xmlns=""> <people> <person> <name>Jane Doe</name> </person> </people> </data> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance id="prototypes"> <prototypes xmlns=""> <person> <name/> </person> </prototypes> </xforms:instance>
Data After Operation
<xforms:instance> <data xmlns=""> <people> <person> <name>Jane Doe</name> </person> <person> <name/> </person> </people> </data> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance id="prototypes"> <prototypes xmlns=""> <person> <name/> </person> </prototypes> </xforms:instance>
Pattern: <insert nodeset="exact element to duplicate"/>
Note:
The context
attribute is not used because this pattern assumes the ability to indicate an exact element to duplicate, so nodeset
is used. If the element does not exist, the operation will have no effect.
Operation: Duplicate the selected element and place it as a following sibling
<xforms:insert nodeset="paragraph[2]"/>
Data Before Operation
<xforms:instance> <document xmlns=""> <header>Lorem ipsum</header> <paragraph>Lorem ipsum verterem voluptaria ...</paragraph> <paragraph>Primis abhorreant delicatissimi ..</paragraph> <header>Lorem ipsum</header> <header>Lorem ipsum</header> </document> </xforms:instance>
Data After Operation
<xforms:instance> <document xmlns=""> <header>Lorem ipsum</header> <paragraph>Lorem ipsum verterem voluptaria ...</paragraph> <paragraph>Primis abhorreant delicatissimi ...</paragraph> <paragraph>Primis abhorreant delicatissimi ...</paragraph> <header>Lorem ipsum</header> <header>Lorem ipsum</header> </document> </xforms:instance>
Pattern: <insert context="container element receiving attribute" origin="attribute to copy"/>
Note:
The nodeset
attribute is not used because this pattern cannot indicate an exact attribute sibling of the attribute being inserted. This is true not only because attribute order is not guaranteed but also because the attribute being inserted may already exist, in which case the existing attribute is replaced. The context
attribute is used when it is necessary to indicate the parent of the node being inserted.
Operation: Create or replace an attribute with a copy of a given attribute
<xforms:insert context="item[2]" origin="../item[1]/@rating"/> <xforms:insert context="item[3]" origin="../item[1]/@rating"/>
Data Before Operation
<xforms:instance> <items xmlns=""> <item key="23" rating="classified"/> <item key="42"/> <item key="68" rating="unknown"/> </items> </xforms:instance>
Data After Operation
<xforms:instance> <items xmlns=""> <item key="23" rating="classified"/> <item key="42" rating="classified"/> <item key="68" rating="classified"/> </items> </xforms:instance>
Pattern: <delete nodeset="exact element to remove"/>
Note:
The context
attribute is not used because this pattern assumes the ability to indicate an exact element to remove, so nodeset
is used. If the element does not exist, the operation will have no effect.
Operation: Remove item
element in case it exists
<xforms:delete nodeset="item[2]"/>
Data Before Operation
<xforms:instance> <shoppingcart xmlns=""> <item> <product>SKU-0815</product> <quantity>1</quantity> <unitcost>29.99</unitcost> <price>29.99</price> </item> <item> <product>SKU-4711</product> <quantity>3</quantity> <unitcost>7.49</unitcost> <price>22.47</price> </item> </shoppingcart> </xforms:instance>
Data After Operation
<xforms:instance> <shoppingcart xmlns=""> <item> <product>SKU-0815</product> <quantity>1</quantity> <unitcost>29.99</unitcost> <price>29.99</price> </item> </shoppingcart> </xforms:instance>
Pattern: <delete nodeset="exact attribute to remove"/>
Note:
The context
attribute is not used because this pattern assumes the ability to indicate an exact attribute to remove, so nodeset
is used. If the attribute does not exist, the operation will have no effect.
Operation: Remove rating
attribute in case it exists
<xforms:delete nodeset="item/@rating"/>
Data Before Operation
<xforms:instance> <items xmlns=""> <item key="23" rating="classified"/> </items> </xforms:instance>
Data After Operation
<xforms:instance> <items xmlns=""> <item key="23"/> </items> </xforms:instance>
Pattern: <delete nodeset="nodeset to remove"/>
Note:
The context
attribute is not used because this pattern assumes the ability to indicate a nodeset to remove, so nodeset
is used. If the nodeset does not exist, the operation will have no effect.
Operation: Remove track
nodeset in case it exists
<xforms:delete nodeset="track"/>
Data Before Operation
<xforms:instance> <playlist xmlns=""> <name>Music for Airports</name> <track id="382"/> <track id="461"/> <track id="629"/> </playlist> </xforms:instance>
Data After Operation
<xforms:instance> <playlist xmlns=""> <name>Music for Airports</name> </playlist> </xforms:instance>
Pattern: <insert context="parent of new nodeset" nodeset="*" origin="nodeset to copy"/>
Note:
The context
attribute is used so that this pattern will work whether or not the parent element is empty.
Operation: Append a person
nodeset into a list of people
<xforms:insert context="people" nodeset="person" origin="instance('prototypes')/person"/>
Data Before Operation
<xforms:instance> <data xmlns=""> <people/> </data> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance id="prototypes"> <prototypes xmlns=""> <person> <name>Jane Doe</name> </person> <person> <name>John Doe</name> </person> <person> <name>Joe Sixpack</name> </person> </prototypes> </xforms:instance>
Data After Operation
<xforms:instance> <data xmlns=""> <people> <person> <name>Jane Doe</name> </person> <person> <name>John Doe</name> </person> <person> <name>Joe Sixpack</name> </person> </people> </data> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance id="prototypes"> <prototypes xmlns=""> <person> <name>Jane Doe</name> </person> <person> <name>John Doe</name> </person> <person> <name>Joe Sixpack</name> </person> </prototypes> </xforms:instance>
Pattern: <insert context="exact element receiving attribute list" origin="attribute list to copy"/>
Operation: Copy attribute list from one item
to another
<xforms:insert context="item[2]" origin="../item[1]/@*"/>
Data Before Operation
<xforms:instance> <items xmlns=""> <item key="0" rating="classified"/> <item/> </items> </xforms:instance>
Data After Operation
<xforms:instance> <items xmlns=""> <item key="0" rating="classified"/> <item key="0" rating="classified"/> </prototypes> </xforms:instance>
Pattern: <insert nodeset="exact element to replace" origin="element to copy"/> <delete nodeset="exact element to replace"/>
Note:
The context
attribute is not used because this pattern assumes the ability to indicate an exact element to replace, so nodeset
is used. If the element does not exist, both insert and delete operation will have no effect.
Operation: Replace a person
element by copying a new one and removing the old one
<xforms:insert nodeset="person[1]" origin="instance('prototypes')/person"/> <xforms:delete nodeset="person[1]"/>
Data Before Operation
<xforms:instance> <people xmlns=""> <person> <name>John Doe</name> </person> </people> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance id="prototypes"> <prototypes xmlns=""> <person> <name/> </person> </prototypes> </xforms:instance>
Data After Operation
<xforms:instance> <people xmlns=""> <person> <name/> </person> </people> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance id="prototypes"> <prototypes xmlns=""> <person> <name/> </person> </prototypes> </xforms:instance>
Pattern: <setvalue ref="exact attribute to replace" value="attribute to copy"/>
Note:
If the attribute does not exist, the operation will have no effect.
Operation: Replace an attribute with the copy of a given attribute
<xforms:setvalue ref="item[2]/@key" value="../../item[1]/@key"/>
Data Before Operation
<xforms:instance > <items xmlns=""> <item key="0"/> <item key="4711"/> </items> </xforms:instance>
Data After Operation
<xforms:instance > <items xmlns=""> <item key="0"/> <item key="0"/> </items> </xforms:instance>
Pattern: <insert nodeset="root node of instance to replace" origin="element to copy"/>
Note:
The context
attribute is not used because this pattern assumes the ability to indicate an instance root node to replace, so nodeset
is used. Since an instance cannot be empty, nodeset
will always be non-empty. Insert implements special handling for instance root nodes, thus a delete operation is not necessary.
Operation: Replace instance root node with an empty shoppingcart
element
<xforms:insert nodeset="." origin="instance('prototypes')/shoppingcart"/>
Data Before Operation
<xforms:instance> <shoppingcart xmlns=""> <item> <product>SKU-0815</product> <quantity>1</quantity> <unitcost>29.99</unitcost> <price>29.99</price> </item> <item> <product>SKU-4711</product> <quantity>3</quantity> <unitcost>7.49</unitcost> <price>22.47</price> </item> </shoppingcart> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance id="prototypes"> <prototypes xmlns=""> <shoppingcart/> </prototypes> </xforms:instance>
Data After Operation
<xforms:instance> <shoppingcart xmlns=""/> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance> <prototypes xmlns=""> <shoppingcart/> </prototypes> </xforms:instance>
Pattern: <insert context="new parent of element" nodeset="*" origin="exact element to move"/> <delete nodeset="exact element to move"/>
Note:
The context
attribute is used for insert so that this pattern will work whether or not the new parent element is empty. For delete the nodeset
attribute is used instead because this pattern assumes the ability to indicate an exact element to move. If the element to be moved does not exist, both insert and delete operation will have no effect.
Operation: Copy an existing element to a new parent and remove the original
<xforms:insert context="playlist[2]" nodeset="track" origin="../playlist[1]/track[2]"/> <xforms:delete nodeset="playlist[1]/track[2]"/>
Data Before Operation
<xforms:instance> <library xmlns=""> <playlist> <name>Music for Airports</name> <track id="382"/> <track id="461"/> <track id="629"/> </playlist> <playlist> <name>Lullabies</name> <track id="251"/> <track id="331"/> </playlist> </library> </xforms:instance>
Data After Operation
<xforms:instance> <library xmlns=""> <playlist> <name>Music for Airports</name> <track id="382"/> <track id="629"/> </playlist> <playlist> <name>Lullabies</name> <track id="251"/> <track id="331"/> <track id="461"/> </playlist> </library> </xforms:instance>
Pattern: <insert context="exact element receiving attribute" origin="exact attribute to move"/> <delete nodeset="exact attribute to move"/>
Note:
If the attribute to be moved does not exist, both insert and delete operation will have no effect.
Operation: Copy an existing attribute to a new element and remove the original
<xforms:insert context="item[2]" origin="../item[1]/@rating"/> <xforms:delete nodeset="item[1]/@rating"/>
Data Before Operation
<xforms:instance> <items xmlns=""> <item key="23" rating="classified"/> <item key="42"/> </items> </xforms:instance>
Data After Operation
<xforms:instance> <items xmlns=""> <item key="23"/> <item key="42" rating="classified"/> </items> </xforms:instance>
Pattern: <insert nodeset="non-contiguous, heterogeneous nodeset" origin="element to copy" at="insert location"/>
Note:
The context
attribute is not used because it adheres to the first node rule and therefore would not allow to select a non-contiguous nodeset. The nodeset
attribute is used instead to select a nodeset consisting of nodes with different names and different parents. The parent of the new node is the same as the parent of the insert location node selected by the combination of nodeset
and at
.
Operation: Copy an existing element into a non-contiguous, heterogeneous nodeset at a specified position
<xforms:insert nodeset="chapter/*" origin="instance('prototypes')/paragraph" at="7" position="before"/>
Data Before Operation
<xforms:instance> <document xmlns=""> <chapter> <header>Lorem ipsum</header> <paragraph>Lorem ipsum verterem voluptaria ...</paragraph> <diagram>Exemplum 1</diagram> <diagram>Exemplum 2</diagram> <paragraph>Primis abhorreant delicatissimi ...</paragraph> </chapter> <chapter> <header>Lorem ipsum</header> <diagram>Exemplum 3</diagram> </chapter> </document> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance id="prototypes"> <prototypes xmlns=""> <chapter/> <header/> <paragraph/> <diagram/> </prototypes> </xforms:instance>
Data After Operation
<xforms:instance> <document xmlns=""> <chapter> <header>Lorem ipsum</header> <paragraph>Lorem ipsum verterem voluptaria ...</paragraph> <diagram>Exemplum 1</diagram> <diagram>Exemplum 2</diagram> <paragraph>Primis abhorreant delicatissimi ...</paragraph> </chapter> <chapter> <header>Lorem ipsum</header> <paragraph/> <diagram>Exemplum 3</diagram> </chapter> </document> </xforms:instance> <xforms:instance id="prototypes"> <prototypes xmlns=""> <chapter/> <paragraph/> <diagram/> </prototypes> </xforms:instance>
XForms Processors are free (and encouraged) to skip or optimize any steps in this algorithm, as long as the end result is the same. The XForms recalculation algorithm considers model items and model item properties to be vertices in a directed graph. Edges between the vertices represent computational dependencies between vertices.
Following is the default handling for a recalculate
action. Action recalculate
is defined in The recalculate Element.
recalculate
process completes.
The master dependency directed graph can be considered an array with one record for each vertex, each having the following fields:
InstanceNode: a reference to the associated instance data node
type: indicates the aspect of the instance node represented by the vertex (the text content or a model item property such as readOnly or required)
depList: a list of vertices that refer to this vertex
in-degree: the number of vertices on which this vertex depends
visited: a flag used to ensure vertices are not added to a subgraph multiple times
index: an association between vertices in the master dependency directed graph and a subgraph
The depList
for each vertex is assigned based on the referenced XML nodes of instance nodes, which are obtained by parsing the computed expression bound to the node (e.g., by calculate, relevant, readonly, or required). Any expression violating any Binding Expression Constraint causes an exception (The xforms-compute-exception Event), terminating the recalculate
process.
Specifically, the depList
for a vertex v
is assigned to be the vertices other than v
whose computational expressions reference v
(described below). Vertex v
is excluded from its own depList
to allow self-references to occur without causing a circular reference exception.
A computational expression appearing in a calculate
attribute controls the text content (value) of one or more instance nodes. A vertex exists for each instance node to represent the expression in the context of the node. Likewise, computational expressions for model item properties such as readOnly
and required
are applied to one or more instance nodes, and vertices are created to represent such expressions in the context of each applicable node. The computational expression of each vertex must be examined to determine the XML nodes to which it refers. Any expression violating any Binding Expression Constraint causes an exception (The xforms-compute-exception Event), terminating the recalculate
process. A computation expression refers to a vertex v
if a subexpression indicates the InstanceNode for v
and v
represents the instance node text content (its value). In this version of XForms, model item properties such as readOnly
and required
cannot be referenced in an expression.
If all calculations must be performed, which is the case on form load, then the pertinent dependency subgraph is simply a duplicate of the master dependency directed graph. If the recalculation algorithm is invoked with a list of changed instance data nodes since the last recalculation, then the pertinent dependency subgraph is obtained by exploring the paths of edges and vertices in the computational dependency directed graph that are reachable from each vertex in the change list. The method of path exploration can be depth first search, a suitable version of which appears in the pseudo-code below.
This algorithm creates a pertinent dependency subgraph S
from a list of changed instance data nodes Lc
. Variables such as v
and w
represent vertices in the master dependency directed graph. The same variables ending with S
indicate vertices in the pertinent dependency subgraph S
.
// Use depth-first search to explore master digraph subtrees rooted at // each changed vertex. A 'visited' flag is used to stop exploration // at the boundaries of previously explored subtrees (because subtrees // can overlap in directed graphs). for each vertex ''r'' in ''Lc'' if ''r'' is not visited { Push the pair (NIL, ''r'') onto a stack while the stack is not empty { (''v'', ''w'') = pop dependency pair from stack if ''w'' is not visited { Set the visited flag of ''w'' to true Create a vertex ''wS'' in S to represent ''w'' Set the index of ''w'' equal to the array location of ''wS'' Set the index of ''wS'' equal to the array location of ''w'' Set the InstanceNode of ''wS'' equal to the InstanceNode of ''w'' Set the type of ''wS'' equal to the type of ''w'' For each dependency node ''x'' of ''w'' Push the pair (''w'', ''x'') onto the stack } else Obtain ''wS'' from index of ''w'' if ''v'' is not NIL { Obtain ''vS'' from index of ''v'' Add dependency node for ''wS'' to ''vS'' Increment inDegree of ''wS'' } } } // Now clear the visited flags set in the loop above for each vertex ''vS'' in S { Obtain ''v'' from index of ''vS'' Assign false to the visited flag of ''v'' }
Note that the number of vertices and dependency nodes in the pertinent dependency subgraph is not known beforehand, but a method such as array doubling (see [DDJ-ArrayDoubling]) can be used to ensure that building the subgraph is performed in time linear in the size of S
.
The following steps process vertices, resulting in a recalculated form:
calculate
: If the value of the model item changes, the corresponding instance data is updated and the dirty flag is set.
relevant
, readonly
, required
, constraint
: If any or all of these computed properties change, the new settings are placed into effect for associated form controls.
depList
of the removed vertex, decrement the inDegree by 1.
For example, consider six vertices a
, b
, v
, w
, x
, and y
. Let a
and b
represent the text content of instance nodes that will be set by a binding from user input controls. Let v
and w
be vertices representing the calculated value and the validity property of a third instance node c
. These vertices would result from a bind
element B
with calculate
and constraint
attributes and a nodeset
attribute that indicates c
. Suppose that the value of c
is the product of a
and b
and that the value is only valid if it does not exceed 100. Likewise, suppose x
and y
are vertices representing the calculated value and the validity property of a fourth instance node d
. Let the value of d
be the sum of a
and b
, and let d
be valid if the value does not exceed 20. The figure below depicts the dependency digraph for this example.
Vertices a
and b
have edges leading to v
and x
because these vertices represent the calculate expressions of c
and d
, which reference a
and b
to compute their product and sum, respectively. Similarly, v
and x
have directed edges to w
and y
, respectively, because w
and y
represent the constraint
expressions of c
and d
, which reference the values of c
and d
to compare them with boundary values.
If a
and b
are initially equal to 10, and the user changes a
to 11, then it is necessary to first recalculate v
(the value of c
) then recalculate w
(the validity property of the value of c
). Likewise, x
(the value of d
) must be recalculated before recalculating y
(the validity property of the value of d
). In both cases, the validity of the value does not change to false
until after the new product and sum are computed based on the change to a
. However, there are no interdependencies between v
and x
, so the product and sum could be computed in either order.
The pertinent subgraph excludes b
and only vertex a
has in-degree of zero. The vertex a
is processed first. It is not a computed vertex, so no recalculation occurs on a
, but its removal causes v
and x
to have in-degree zero. Vertex v
is processed second. Its value changes to 121, and its removal drops the in-degree of vertex w
to zero. Vertex x
is processed next, changing value to 21. When x
is removed, its neighbor y
drops to in-degree zero. The fourth and fifth iterations of this process recalculate the validity of w
and y
, both of which change to false.
P3P privacy policies may be associated with any forms transmitted over HTTP that have URIs associated with them. In the future, mechanisms may be specified for associating P3P policies with content transmitted over other protocols.
P3P allows for policies to be associated with an individual URI or a set of URIs. By associating a separate policy with each URI a site can declare a very precise policy that addresses exactly what data is collected with a particular HTTP request and how that data will be used. However, site management is substantially easier for many sites if they declare a single policy that covers many URIs, or even their entire Web presence.
The P3P specification specifies several methods for referencing a P3P policy reference file, which in turn associates P3P policies with URIs and cookies. XForms can be P3P enabled using any of the methods that are appropriate for the Web site in which they are embedded. Some special considerations regarding forms are addressed in the P3P Specification. [P3P 1.0]
Different P3P policies may be applied to the representation of a form embedded in a containing document to that which is associated with the data submitted via that form. If the form representation is served from a different server than the form is submitted to, it is likely that separate P3P policy reference files and policies will be needed. Typically the form representation causes only clickstream data (as defined in [P3P 1.0] section 5.6.4) to be transferred, while a form submission causes much more data to be transferred.
The attribute inputmode
provides a hint to the user agent to select an appropriate input mode for the text input expected in an associated form control. The input mode may be a keyboard configuration, an input method editor (also called front end processor) or any other setting affecting input on the device(s) used.
Using inputmode
, the author can give hints to the agent that make form input easier for the user. Authors should provide inputmode
attributes wherever possible, making sure that the values used cover a wide range of devices.
The value of the inputmode
attribute is a white space separated list of tokens. Tokens are either sequences of alphabetic letters or absolute URIs. The later can be distinguished from the former by noting that absolute URIs contain a ':'. Tokens are case-insensitive. All the tokens consisting of alphabetic letters only are defined in this specification, in List of Tokens (or a successor of this specification).
This specification does not define any URIs for use as tokens, but allows others to define such URIs for extensibility. This may become necessary for devices with input modes that cannot be covered by the tokens provided here. The URI should dereference to a human-readable description of the input mode associated with the use of the URI as a token. This description should describe the input mode indicated by this token, and whether and how this token modifies other tokens or is modified by other tokens.
Upon entering an empty form control with an inputmode
attribute, the user agent should select the input mode indicated by the inputmode
attribute value. User agents should not use the inputmode
attribute to set the input mode when entering a form control with text already present. To set the appropriate input mode when entering a form control that already contains text, user agents should rely on platform-specific conventions.
User agents should make available all the input modes which are supported by the (operating) system/device(s) they run on/have access to, and which are installed for regular use by the user. This is typically only a small subset of the input modes that can be described with the tokens defined here.
Note:
Additional guidelines for user agent implementation are found at [UAAG 1.0].
The following simple algorithm is used to define how user agents match the values of an inputmode
attribute to the input modes they can provide. This algorithm does not have to be implemented directly; user agents just have to behave as if they used it. The algorithm is not designed to produce "obvious" or "desirable" results for every possible combination of tokens, but to produce correct behavior for frequent token combinations and predictable behavior in all cases.
First, each of the input modes available is represented by one or more lists of tokens. An input mode may correspond to more than one list of tokens; as an example, on a system set up for a Greek user, both "greek upperCase" and "user upperCase" would correspond to the same input mode. No two lists will be the same.
Second, the inputmode
attribute is scanned from front to back. For each token t in the inputmode
attribute, if in the remaining list of tokens representing available input modes there is any list of tokens that contains t, then all lists of tokens representing available input modes that do not contain t are removed. If there is no remaining list of tokens that contains t, then t is ignored.
Third, if one or more lists of tokens are left, and they all correspond to the same input mode, then this input mode is chosen. If no list is left (meaning that there was none at the start) or if the remaining lists correspond to more than one input mode, then no input mode is chosen.
Example: Assume the list of lists of tokens representing the available input modes is: {"cyrillic upperCase", "cyrillic lowerCase", "cyrillic", "latin", "user upperCase", "user lowerCase"}, then the following inputmode
values select the following input modes: "cyrillic title" selects "cyrillic", "cyrillic lowerCase" selects "cyrillic lowerCase", "lowerCase cyrillic" selects "cyrillic lowerCase", "latin upperCase" selects "latin", but "upperCase latin" does select "cyrillic upperCase" or "user upperCase" if they correspond to the same input mode, and does not select any input mode if "cyrillic upperCase" and "user upperCase" do not correspond to the same input mode.
Tokens defined in this specification are separated into two categories: Script tokens and modifiers. In inputmode
attributes, script tokens should always be listed before modifiers.
Script tokens provide a general indication of the set of characters that is covered by an input mode. In most cases, script tokens correspond directly to [Unicode Scripts]. However, this neither means that an input mode has to allow input for all the characters in the script, nor that an input mode is limited to only characters from that specific script. As an example, a "latin" keyboard doesn't cover all the characters in the Latin script, and includes punctuation which is not assigned to the Latin script.
The script tokens that are allowed are listed in [Unicode Script Names], "codes for the representations of scripts". The allowable values are those listed in the column "Property Value Alias" with the underscore character (_) removed, and excluding the two values "Common", and "Unknown". At the time of writing, these values are:
Arabic
Armenian
Balinese
Bengali
Bopomofo
Braille
Buginese
Buhid
CanadianAboriginal
Carian
Cherokee
Coptic
Cuneiform
Cypriot
Cyrillic
Deseret
Devanagari
Ethiopic
Georgian
Glagolitic
Gothic
Greek
Gujarati
Gurmukhi
Han
Hangul
Hanunoo
Hebrew
Hiragana
Kannada
Katakana
KatakanaOrHiragana
KayahLi
Kharoshthi
Khmer
Lao
Latin
Lepcha
Limbu
LinearB
Lycian
Lydian
Malayalam
Mongolian
Myanmar
NewTaiLue
Nko
Ogham
OlChiki
OldItalic
OldPersian
Oriya
Osmanya
PhagsPa
Phoenician
Rejang
Runic
Saurashtra
Shavian
Sinhala
Sundanese
SylotiNagri
Syriac
Tagalog
Tagbanwa
TaiLe
Tamil
Telugu
Thaana
Thai
Tibetan
Tifinagh
Ugaritic
Vai
Yi
Seven other values are allowed:
Input Mode Token | Comments |
---|---|
ipa
| International Phonetic Alphabet |
hanja
| Subset of 'han' used in writing Korean |
kanji
| subset of 'han' used in writing Japanese |
math
|
mathematical symbols and related characters, representing the [Unicode Script Names] code "Zmth" |
simplifiedHanzi
|
representing the [Unicode Script Names] code "Hans" |
traditionalHanzi
|
representing the [Unicode Script Names] code "Hant" |
user
| special value denoting the 'native' input of the user according to the system environment |
Modifier tokens can be added to the scripts they apply in order to more closely specify the kind of characters expected in the form control. Traditional PC keyboards do not need most modifier tokens (indeed, users on such devices would be quite confused if the software decided to change case on its own; CAPS lock for upperCase may be an exception). However, modifier tokens can be very helpful to set input modes for small devices.
Input Mode Token | Comments |
---|---|
lowerCase
| lowercase (for bicameral scripts) |
upperCase
| uppercase (for bicameral scripts) |
titleCase
| title case (for bicameral scripts): words start with an upper case letter |
startUpper
| start input with one uppercase letter, then continue with lowercase letters |
digits
| digits of a particular script (e.g. inputmode='thai digits') |
symbols
| symbols, punctuation (suitable for a particular script) |
predictOn
| text prediction switched on (e.g. for running text) |
predictOff
| text prediction switched off (e.g. for passwords) |
halfWidth
| half-width compatibility forms (e.g. Katakana; deprecated) |
User agents may use information available in an XML Schema pattern facet to set the input mode. Note that a pattern facet is a hard restriction on the lexical value of an instance data node, and can specify different restrictions for different parts of the data item. Attribute inputmode
is a soft hint about the kinds of characters that the user may most probably start to input into the form control. Attribute inputmode
is provided in addition to pattern facets for the following reasons:
inputmode
allows to set the input mode for the user's convenience.
inputmode
attribute value. However, such a derivation would require a lot of data and calculations on the user agent.
This is an example of the user interface markup for a form for user input in Japanese. .
<xf:input ref="name" inputmode="kanji"> <xf:label>Family name:</xf:label> </xf:input> <xf:input ref="nameKana" inputmode="katakana"> <xf:label>Family name in kana:</xf:label> </xf:input> <xf:input ref="given" inputmode="kanji"> <xf:label>Given name:</xf:label> </xf:input> <xf:input ref="givenKana" inputmode="katakana"> <xf:label>Given name in kana:</xf:label> </xf:input> <xf:input ref="email" inputmode="latin lowerCase"> <xf:label>Email:</xf:label> </xf:input> <xf:input ref="phone" inputmode="latin digits"> <xf:label>Telephone:</xf:label> </xf:input> <xf:textarea ref="comments" inputmode="user predictOn"> <xf:label>Comments:</xf:label> </xf:textarea> <xf:submit submission="sendit"> <xf:label>Send It</xf:label> </xf:submit>
The XML Schema for XForms, which has a target namespace http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms
, is located at http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Forms/2007/XForms-11-Schema.xsd.
The RELAXNG ([RELAXNG], [RELAXNG Compact]) Schema for XForms, which includes the target namespace http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms
as well as the version suitable for import to a host language namespace, is located at http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Forms/2007/XForms-11-RELAXNG.zip.
This XML Schema for XML Events is referenced by the XML Schema for XForms, and located at http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-xml-events-20031014/#a_schema_attribs.
This informative section provides a broad outline of new and existing CSS features needed to style XForms content. A future Recommendation from the CSS Working Group will fully develop the specification of these features.
A CSS pseudo-class is used to select elements for styling based on information that lies outside of the document tree or that cannot be expressed using the other selectors.
Name | Defined in: | Relationship to XForms |
---|---|---|
:enabled & :disabled
| [CSS3] |
Selects any form control that is relevant or non-relevant (respectively). |
:required & :optional
| TBD | Selects any core form control bound to a node with the model item property required evaluating to true or false (respectively).
|
:valid & :invalid
| TBD | Selects any core form control bound to a node that is currently valid or invalid (respectively), as defined by XForms. |
:read-only & :read-write
| TBD | Selects any core form control bound to a node with the model item property readonly evaluating to true or false (respectively).
|
:out-of-range & :in-range
| TBD | Selects any core form control bound to a node that contains a value the form control is not or is capable of rendering, (respectively). |
:value-empty & :value-non-empty
| TBD | Selects any core form control bound to a node whose content is the empty string or not the empty string (respectively). |
This list is not exhaustive; other pseudo-classes may be defined.
Pseudo-elements are abstractions about the document tree beyond those specified by the document language. Pseudo-elements do not appear in the DOM; they are used only for purposes of styling.
Name | Defined in: | Relationship to XForms |
---|---|---|
::value
| TBD | Represents the "active" area of a form control excluding the label; this corresponds in HTML to input and other form control elements. This pseudo-element is a child of the form control element, and appears immediately after the required label element.
|
::repeat-item
| TBD | Represents a single item from a repeating sequence. Its position is as a parent to all the elements in a single repeating item. Each ::repeat-item is associated with a particular instance data node, and is affected by the model item properties (e.g. 'relevant ') found there, as the related style properties will cascade to the child elements.
|
::repeat-index
| TBD | Represents the current item of a repeating sequence. Its position is as a parent of all the elements in the index repeating item (and as a child to the ::repeat-item pseudo-element), thus any style declarations applying to this pseudo-element override those on the parent ::repeat-item .
|
This list is not exhaustive; other pseudo-elements may be defined.
The following examples collects together styling recommendations from this document, expressing them with a CSS notation. Throughout the examples, the following namespace declaration is assumed:
@namespace xf url('http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms');
From Implementation Requirements Common to All Form Controls: "All form controls, including container form controls, should have an inline layout by default... By default, repeat items should have a block layout." Hence, if the display property is not set via CSS, it should default to the following:
xf|input:enabled, xf|secret:enabled, xf|textarea:enabled, xf|output:enabled, xf|upload:enabled, xf|range:enabled, xf|trigger:enabled, xf|submit:enabled, xf|select:enabled, xf|select1:enabled { display: inline; } xf|output:enabled { display: inline; } xf|group:enabled, xf|switch:enabled { display: inline; } xf|repeat:enabled { display: inline; } ::repeat-item:enabled { display:block; }
From The relevant Property: "Typically, non-relevant content is not presented, or it may be styled as disabled." If the display property is not set via CSS, it should default to the following:
xf|input:disabled, xf|secret:disabled, xf|textarea:disabled, xf|output:disabled, xf|upload:disabled, xf|range:disabled, xf|trigger:disabled, xf|submit:disabled, xf|select:disabled, xf|select1:disabled { display: none; } xf|output:disabled { display: none; } xf|group:disabled, xf|switch:disabled { display: none; } ::repeat-item:disabled { display: none; }
Below is an example of how a form author can override the default display:none styling of :disabled. Note that the implementation must also implement the behavior of not accepting user input in the disabled control.
xf|input.authorization:disabled { display: inline; background-color: #bbbbbb }
From Implementation Requirements Common to All Form Controls: "The readonly form control should render in a way which indicates that entering or changing the value is not allowed." Below is an example of one way to indicate this information. CSS does not have a way to provide readonly behavior, so this example merely changes the background color. An implementation could use this style by default, and an author would only need to use styling to override the default.
xf|input:enabled:readonly::value { display: inline; background-color: #888888 }
From Implementation Requirements Common to All Form Controls: "Except as noted, relevant form controls must distinguish rendering between being bound to a required node versus a non-required node. Exceptions are form controls that do not directly render the string value of the bound node (including trigger and the container form controls)." Below is an example styling form controls bound to required nodes with a soft yellow background. An implementation could use this style by default, and an author would only need to use styling to override the default.
xf|input:enabled:required, xf|secret:enabled:required, xf|textarea:enabled:required, xf|output:enabled:required, xf|upload:enabled:required, xf|range:enabled:required, xf|trigger:enabled:required, xf|submit:enabled:required, xf|select:enabled:required, xf|select1:enabled:required { background-color: #FFFFD0 }
From Implementation Requirements Common to All Form Controls: Relevant form controls must distinguish rendering between valid and "invalid states. Control of this behavior should be made available to stylesheets." Below is an example styling input controls bound to non-empty but invalid nodes with a reddish background. An implementation could use this style by default, and an author would only need to use styling to override the default.
xf|input:enabled:invalid:value-non-empty { background-color: #ff8080; }
From Implementation Requirements Common to All Form Controls: "Relevant form controls must indicate when the bound instance data contains a value or content that the form control is not capable of rendering. Control of this behavior should be made available to stylesheets". In this example, select, select1, and range controls bound nodes whose values are not presentable by the controls are styled with in red. An implementation could use this style by default, and an author would only need to use styling to override the default.
xf|select1:enabled:out-of-range, xf|select1:enabled:out-of-range, xf|range:enabled:out-of-range { color: red; }
This section presents complete XForms examples. These and additional examples are maintained at http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Forms/2002/Examples.
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:ev="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml-events" xmlns:my="http://commerce.example.com/payment" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>XForms in XHTML</title> <model xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms" schema="payschema.xsd"> <instance> <my:payment as="credit"> <my:cc /> <my:exp /> </my:payment> </instance> <submission action="http://www.example.com/buy.rb" method="post" id="s00" /> <bind nodeset="my:cc" relevant="../@as='credit'" required="true()" /> <bind nodeset="my:exp" relevant="../@as='credit'" required="true()" /> </model> </head> <body> ... <group xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms"> <select1 ref="@as"> <label>Select Payment Method</label> <item> <label>Cash</label> <value>cash</value> <message level="modeless" ev:event="xforms-select"> Please do not mail cash.</message> </item> <item> <label>Credit</label> <value>credit</value> </item> </select1> <input ref="my:cc"> <label>Credit Card Number</label> <alert>Please specify a valid credit card number (use spaces or hyphens between digit groups)</alert> </input> <input ref="my:exp"> <label>Expiration Date</label> </input> <submit submission="s00"> <label>Buy</label> </submit> </group> ... </body> </html>
Schema file payschema.xsd
:
<xs:schema xmlns:my="http://commerce.example.com/payment" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://commerce.example.com/payment" elementFormDefault="qualified"> <xs:element name="payment"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:choice> <xs:element ref="my:cc" /> <xs:element ref="my:exp" /> </xs:choice> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute name="as" type="my:paymentAs" /> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="cc" type="my:cc" /> <xs:element name="exp" type="xsd:gYearMonth" /> <xs:simpleType name="cc"> <xs:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xs:minLength value="12" /> <xs:maxLength value="19" /> <xs:pattern value="[0-9]+" /> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> <xs:simpleType name="paymentAs"> <xs:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xs:enumeration value="cash" /> <xs:enumeration value="credit" /> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> </xs:schema>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/06/xhtml2" xmlns:xforms="http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:my="http://commerce.example.com/payment" xmlns:ev="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml-events" xml:lang="en"> <head> <style type="text/css"> xforms|input.editField { font-weight:bold; font-size:20px; width:500px } xforms|label.sectionLabel { font-weight:bold; color:white; background-color:blue } xforms|submit { font-family: Arial; font-size: 20px; font-style: bold; color: red } </style> <title>Editing Hierarchical Bookmarks In X-Smiles </title> <xforms:model id="bookmarks" version="1.1"> <xforms:instance resource="bookmarks.xml" /> <xforms:submission id="s01" method="post" action="http://examples.com/" /> </xforms:model> </head> <body> <xforms:repeat nodeset="section" id="repeatSections"> <xforms:input ref="@name" class="editField"> <xforms:label class="sectionLabel">Section</xforms:label> </xforms:input> <xforms:repeat nodeset="bookmark" id="repeatBookmarks"> <xforms:input ref="@name"> <xforms:label>Bookmark name</xforms:label> </xforms:input> <xforms:input ref="@href"> <xforms:label>URL</xforms:label> </xforms:input> </xforms:repeat> </xforms:repeat> <p> <xforms:trigger id="insertbutton"> <xforms:label>Insert bookmark</xforms:label> <xforms:insert nodeset="section[index('repeatSections')]/bookmark" at="index('repeatBookmarks')" position="after" ev:event="DOMActivate" /> </xforms:trigger> <xforms:trigger id="delete"> <xforms:label>Delete bookmark</xforms:label> <xforms:delete nodeset="section[index('repeatSections')]/bookmark" at="index('repeatBookmarks')" ev:event="DOMActivate" /> </xforms:trigger> </p> <p> <xforms:trigger id="insertsectionbutton"> <xforms:label>Insert section</xforms:label> <xforms:insert nodeset="section" at="index('repeatSections')" position="after" ev:event="DOMActivate" /> </xforms:trigger> <xforms:trigger id="deletesectionbutton"> <xforms:label>Delete section</xforms:label> <xforms:delete nodeset="section" at="index('repeatSections')" ev:event="DOMActivate" /> </xforms:trigger> </p> <xforms:submit submission="s01"> <xforms:label>Save</xforms:label> <xforms:hint>Click to submit</xforms:hint> </xforms:submit> </body> </html>
Initial instance file bookmarks.xml
:
<bookmarks> <section name="main"> <bookmark href="http://www.example.com/xforms.xml" name="Main page" /> </section> <section name="demos"> <bookmark href="http://www.example.com/demo/images.fo" name="images" /> <bookmark href="http://www.example.com/demo/xf-ecma.xml" name="ecma" /> <bookmark href="http://www.example.com/demo/sip.fo" name="sip" /> </section> <section name="XForms"> <bookmark href="file:///C/source/xmlevents.xml" name="XML events" /> <bookmark href="file:///C/source/model3.xml" name="model3" /> <bookmark href="file:///C/source/repeat.fo" name="repeat" /> </section> </bookmarks>
The following example shows one possible way of integrating XForms with [SVG 1.1]. Note that the complete set of rules for integrating XForms and SVG are not fully specified at the time this specification was published. Future versions of the XForms, SVG, or other W3C specifications might define more complete rules for integrating XForms and SVG which might not be compatible with the example below.
Note that the example below does not use SVG's switch
and requiredExtensions
features, which are commonly used in conjunction with foreignObject
.
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xforms="http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms" xmlns:ev="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml-events" xmlns:s="http://example.com/survey" width="700px" height="600px" viewBox="0 0 700 600"> <defs> <polygon id="bullet" points="-30,-30, -10,-10, -20,10" fill="#007138" /> <xforms:model id="form1" schema="surveyschema.xsd"> <xforms:instance id="instance1"> <s:survey xmlns="http://example.com/survey"> <s:drink>none</s:drink> <s:espressoPrefs> <s:numberPerWeek>0</s:numberPerWeek> <s:sugar>0</s:sugar> <s:lemon>Always</s:lemon> </s:espressoPrefs> </s:survey> </xforms:instance> <xforms:submission id="submit1" method="post" action="http://www.example.org/surveyhandler" /> </xforms:model> </defs> <title>Espresso survey</title> <desc>Sample SVG and XForms - espresso customer survey</desc> <g> <text x="50" y="70" font-size="40" font-family="Arial Black, sans-serif" font-weight="900">Customer Survey: Espresso</text> <g font-family="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" font-size="18"> <foreignObject x="80" y="150" width="250" height="40"> <xforms:select1 appearance="minimal" model="form1" ref="s:drink"> <xforms:label> <g transform="translate(80, 140)"> <use xlink:href="#bullet" /> <text>Your usual coffee drink is:</text> </g> </xforms:label> <xforms:item> <xforms:label>Rich, dark espresso</xforms:label> <xforms:value>espresso</xforms:value> </xforms:item> <xforms:item> <xforms:label>Creamy cappuccino</xforms:label> <xforms:value>cappuccino</xforms:value> </xforms:item> <xforms:item> <xforms:label>Long, milky latte</xforms:label> <xforms:value>latte</xforms:value> </xforms:item> <xforms:item> <xforms:label>Don't like coffee!</xforms:label> <xforms:value>none</xforms:value> </xforms:item> </xforms:select1> </foreignObject> <foreignObject x="80" y="240" width="250" height="40"> <xforms:range model="form1" start="0" end="30" step="5" ref="s:espressoPrefs/s:numberPerWeek"> <xforms:label> <g transform="translate(80, 230)"> <use xlink:href="#bullet" /> <text>Shots of espresso per week:</text> </g> </xforms:label> </xforms:range> </foreignObject> <foreignObject x="80" y="350" width="250" height="40"> <xforms:select model="form1" ref="s:espressoPrefs/s:sugar"> <xforms:label> <g transform="translate(80, 340)"> <use xlink:href="#bullet" /> <text>Sugar?</text> </g> </xforms:label> <xforms:item> <xforms:label>Yes</xforms:label> <xforms:value>X</xforms:value> </xforms:item> </xforms:select> </foreignObject> <foreignObject x="80" y="420" width="250" height="90"> <xforms:select1 appearance="full" model="form1" ref="s:espressoPrefs/s:lemon"> <xforms:label> <g transform="translate(80, 410)"> <use xlink:href="#bullet" /> <text>Lemon?</text> </g> </xforms:label> <xforms:item> <xforms:label>Required for the full experience</xforms:label> <xforms:value>Always</xforms:value> </xforms:item> <xforms:item> <xforms:label>Whatever</xforms:label> <xforms:value>Indifferent</xforms:value> </xforms:item> <xforms:item> <xforms:label>Keep that citrus to yourself</xforms:label> <xforms:value>Never</xforms:value> </xforms:item> </xforms:select1> </foreignObject> </g> <use xlink:href="#bullet" x="101" y="64" transform="scale(7,3)" /> <foreignObject y="150" x="500" height="60" width="100"> <xforms:submit model="form1"> <xforms:label>Send survey</xforms:label> </xforms:submit> </foreignObject> <image xlink:href="espresso.svg" x="400" y="230" width="280" height="270" /> </g> </svg>
This document was produced with the participation of Forms Working Group participants, including:
This document was encoded in the XMLspec DTD v2.6. The XML sources were transformed using diffspec and xmlspec stylesheets, version 2.6. The XML Schema portion of the Appendix was rendered into HTML with the xmlverbatim XSLT stylesheet (used with permission). The primary tool used for editing was XMLSpy. The XML was transformed using the XSLT processor in Java 6. The editor(s) use the W3C CVS repository and the W3C IRC server for collaborative authoring.