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DatatypeRescue

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XML Schema Datatype Definitions

The OWL 2 language reuses the basic framework of the XML Schema simple datatype system as well as a number of its predefined datatypes. OWL 2 was designed in light of the work on XML Schema 1.1 and earlier versions of the specification normatively referenced XML Schema 1.1. Unfortunately, OWL 2 advanced toward Recommendation much more quickly than XML Schema 1.1 and thus OWL 2 could not normatively reference it. This section extracts (and slightly massages) the definitions for the various built-in types and facets from the XML Scheam 1.1 specification to provide an acceptable reference target. It is intended that the definitions align exactly with those of http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/CR-xmlschema11-2-20090430/ and the eventual recommendation itself. We expect this section to be "edited out" at the appropriate time.

Decimals, Integers, and Floats

The following XSD datatypes are required. xsd:decimal is the base type from which all others are derived, both in their lexical space and their value space. In the OWL 2 dataty

  • xsd:decimal
  • xsd:integer
  • xsd:nonNegativeInteger
  • xsd:nonPositiveInteger
  • xsd:positiveInteger
  • xsd:negativeInteger
  • xsd:long
  • xsd:int
  • xsd:short
  • xsd:byte
  • xsd:unsignedLong
  • xsd:unsignedInt
  • xsd:unsignedShort
  • xsd:unsignedByte
  • xsd:float
  • xsd:double

The lexical spaces of all XSD numeric types are defined in terms of the following productions:

Numerals and Fragments Thereof
digit ::= [0-9]
unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral ::= digit+
noDecimalPtNumeral ::= ('+' | '-')? unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral
fracFrag ::= digit+
unsignedDecimalPtNumeral ::= (unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral '.fracFrag?) | ('.fracFrag)
unsignedFullDecimalPtNumeral ::= unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral '.fracFrag
decimalPtNumeral ::= ('+' | '-')? unsignedDecimalPtNumeral
unsignedScientificNotationNumeral ::= (unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral | unsignedDecimalPtNumeral) ('e' | 'E') noDecimalPtNumeral
scientificNotationNumeral ::= ('+' | '-')? unsignedScientificNotationNumeral
Special Non-numerical Lexical Representations Used With Numerical Datatypes
minimalNumericalSpecialRep ::= 'INF' | '-INF' | 'NaN'
numericalSpecialRep ::= '+INF' | minimalNumericalSpecialRep


xsd:decimal

Value Space

The ·value space· of decimal is the set of numbers that can be obtained by dividing an integer by a non-negative power of ten, i.e., expressible as i / 10n where i and n are integers and n ≥ 0. Precision is not reflected in this value space; the number 2.0 is not distinct from the number 2.00. The order relation on decimal is the order relation on real numbers, restricted to this subset.

The value space of xsd:decimal is a subset of the value space of owl:rational.
Lexical Space
decimalLexicalRep ::= decimalPtNumeral | noDecimalPtNumeral




xsd:integer

Value Space The ·value space· of integer is the infinite set {...,-2,-1,0,1,2,...}. The ·base type· of integer is xsd:decimal.
Lexical Space xsd:integer has a lexical representation consisting of a finite-length sequence of one or more decimal digits (#x30-#x39) with an optional leading sign. If the sign is omitted, "+" is assumed. It is a subset of the lexicals pace of xsd:decimal.




xsd:nonNegativeInteger

Value Space The ·value space· of nonNegativeInteger is the infinite set {0,1,2,...}.  The ·base type· of nonNegativeInteger is integer.
Lexical Space nonNegativeInteger has a lexical representation consisting of an optional sign followed by a non-empty finite-length sequence of decimal digits (#x30-#x39).  If the sign is omitted, the positive sign ('+') is assumed. If the sign is present, it must be "+" except for lexical forms denoting zero, which may be preceded by a positive ('+') or a negative ('-') sign. It is a subset of the lexicals space of xsd:decimal.




xsd: nonPositiveInteger

Value Space The ·value space· of nonPositiveInteger is the infinite set {...,-2,-1,0}.  The ·base type· of nonPositiveInteger is integer.
Lexical Space xsd:nonPositiveInteger has a lexical representation consisting of an optional preceding sign followed by a non-empty finite-length sequence of decimal digits (#x30-#x39).  The sign may be "+" or may be omitted only for lexical forms denoting zero; in all other lexical forms, the negative sign ('-') must be present. It is a subset of the lexical space of xsd:decimal.




xsd: positiveInteger

Value Space The ·value space· of positiveInteger is the infinite set {1,2,...}.  The ·base type· of positiveInteger is nonNegativeInteger.
Lexical Space xsd:positiveInteger has a lexical representation consisting of an optional positive sign ('+') followed by a non-empty finite-length sequence of decimal digits (#x30-#x39).  For example: 1, 12678967543233, +100000. It is a subset of the lexical space of xsd:decimal.




xsd: negativeInteger

Value Space The ·value space· of negativeInteger is the infinite set {...,-2,-1}.  The ·base type· of negativeInteger is nonPositiveInteger.
Lexical Space xsd:negativeInteger has a lexical representation consisting of a negative sign ('-') followed by a non-empty finite-length sequence of decimal digits (#x30-#x39). It is a subset of the lexical space of xsd:decimal.




xsd:

Value Space
Lexical Space xsd:




xsd:

Value Space
Lexical Space xsd:



Floating-Point Numbers

xsd:float

Value Space

The ·value space· of float contains a copy distinct from owl:real and xsd:double of the non-zero numbers  m × 2e , where m is an integer whose absolute value is less than 224, and e is an integer between −149 and 104, inclusive.  In addition to these values, the ·value space· of float also contains the following ·special values·positiveZero, negativeZero, positiveInfinity, negativeInfinity, and notANumber.

Lexical Space



Lexical Space to Value Space Mappings

Auxiliary Functions for Operating on Numeral Fragments
·digitValue· (d) → integer
Maps each digit to its numerical value.
Arguments:
d matches digit
Result:
a nonnegative integer less than ten
Algorithm:
Return
  • 0   when  d = '0' ,
  • 1   when  d = '1' ,
  • 2   when  d = '2' ,
  • etc.
·digitSequenceValue· (S) → integer
Maps a sequence of digits to the position-weighted sum of the terms numerical values.
Arguments:
S a finite sequence of ·literals·, each term matching digit.
Result:
a nonnegative integer
Algorithm:
Return the sum of ·digitValue·(Si) × 10length(S)−i  where i runs over the domain of S.
·fractionDigitSequenceValue· (S) → integer
Maps a sequence of digits to the position-weighted sum of the terms numerical values, weighted appropriately for fractional digits.
Arguments:
S a finite sequence of ·literals·, each term matching digit.
Result:
a nonnegative integer
Algorithm:
Return the sum of ·digitValue·(Si) − 10i  where i runs over the domain of S.
·fractionFragValue· (N) → decimal number
Maps a fracFrag to the appropriate fractional decimal number.
Arguments:
N matches fracFrag
Result:
a nonnegative decimal number
Algorithm:
N is necessarily the left-to-right concatenation of a finite sequence S of ·literals·, each term matching digit.
Generic Numeral-to-Number Lexical Mappings
·unsignedNoDecimalMap· (N) → integer
Maps an unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral to its numerical value.
Arguments: Result:
a nonnegative integer
Algorithm:
N is the left-to-right concatenation of a finite sequence S of ·literals·, each term matching digit.
·noDecimalMap· (N) → integer
Maps an noDecimalPtNumeral to its numerical value.
Arguments:
N matches noDecimalPtNumeral
Result:
an integer
Algorithm:
N necessarily consists of an optional sign('+' or '-') and then a ·literal· U that matches unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral.
Return
·unsignedDecimalPtMap· (D) → decimal number
Maps an unsignedDecimalPtNumeral to its numerical value.
Arguments:
D matches unsignedDecimalPtNumeral
Result:
a nonnegative decimal number
Algorithm:
D necessarily consists of an optional ·literal· N matching unsignedNoDecimalPtNumeral, a decimal point, and then an optional ·literal· F matching fracFrag.
Return
·decimalPtMap· (N) → decimal number
Maps a decimalPtNumeral to its numerical value.
Arguments:
N matches decimalPtNumeral
Result:
a decimal number
Algorithm:
N necessarily consists of an optional sign('+' or '-') and then an instance U of unsignedDecimalPtNumeral.
Return
·scientificMap· (N) → decimal number
Maps a scientificNotationNumeral to its numerical value.
Arguments: Result:
a decimal number
Algorithm:
N necessarily consists of an instance C of either noDecimalPtNumeral or decimalPtNumeral, either an 'e' or an 'E', and then an instance E of noDecimalPtNumeral.
Return

Facet Spaces.

Table 4. The Facet Spaces of owl:real and owl:rational
Each pair of the form... ...is mapped to...
( xsd:minInclusive , v )
where v is from the value space of owl:real
the set of all numbers x from the value space of DT such that x = v or x > v
( xsd:maxInclusive , v )
where v is from the value space of owl:real
the set of all numbers x from the value space of DT such that x = v or x < v
( xsd:minExclusive , v )
where v is from the value space of owl:real
the set of all numbers x from the value space of DT such that x > v
( xsd:maxExclusive , v )
where v is from the value space of owl:real
the set of all numbers x from the value space of DT such that x < v
Note. DT is either owl:real or owl:rational.

Strings

The OWL 2 datatype map provides the rdf:PlainLiteral datatype for the representation of strings in a particular language. The definitions of the value space, the lexical space, the facet space, and the necessary mappings are given in [RDF:PLAINLITERAL]. The normative constraining facets for rdf:PlainLiteral are xsd:length, xsd:minLength, xsd:maxLength, xsd:pattern, and rdf:langRange; furthermore, only basic language ranges [BCP 47] are normative in the rdf:langRange constraining facet.

In addition, OWL 2 supports the following datatypes defined in XML Schema [XML Schema Datatypes]:

  • xsd:string
  • xsd:normalizedString
  • xsd:token
  • xsd:language
  • xsd:Name
  • xsd:NCName
  • xsd:NMTOKEN

As explained in [RDF:PLAINLITERAL], the value spaces of all of these datatypes are contained in the value space of rdf:PlainLiteral. Furthermore, for each datatype from the above list, the normative constraining facets are xsd:length, xsd:minLength, xsd:maxLength, and xsd:pattern.

Boolean Values

The OWL 2 datatype map provides the xsd:boolean XML Schema datatype [XML Schema Datatypes] for the representation of Boolean values. No constraining facet is normative for this datatype.

Binary Data

The OWL 2 datatype map provides the following XML Schema datatypes [XML Schema Datatypes] for the representation of binary data:

  • xsd:hexBinary
  • xsd:base64Binary

As specified in XML Schema [XML Schema Datatypes], the value spaces of these two datatypes are disjoint. For each datatype from the above list, the normative constraining facets are xsd:minLength, xsd:maxLength, and xsd:length.

The first axiom states that all values of the a:personID property must be in the value space of xsd:base64Binary, but the second axiom provides a value for a:personID that is in the value space of xsd:hexBinary. Since the value spaces of xsd:hexBinary and xsd:base64Binary are disjoint, the above ontology is inconsistent.

IRIs

The OWL 2 datatype map provides the xsd:anyURI XML Schema datatype [XML Schema Datatypes] for the representation of IRIs. As specified in XML Schema [XML Schema Datatypes], the value spaces of xsd:anyURI and xsd:string are disjoint. The normative constraining facets are xsd:minLength, xsd:maxLength, xsd:length, and xsd:pattern.

According to XML Schema, the value space of xsd:anyURI is the set of all IRIs. Although each IRI has a string representation, IRIs are not strings. The value space of xsd:anyURI can therefore be seen as an "isomorphic copy" of a subset of the value space of xsd:string.

The lexical forms of xsd:anyURI include relative IRIs. If an OWL 2 syntax employs rules for the resolution of relative IRIs (e.g., the OWL 2 XML Syntax [OWL 2 XML Serialization] uses xml:base for that purpose), such rules do not apply to xsd:anyURI lexical forms that represent relative IRIs; that is, the lexical forms representing relative IRIs MUST be parsed as they are.

Time Instants

The OWL 2 datatype map provides the following XML Schema datatypes [XML Schema Datatypes] for the representation of time instants with and without time zone offsets:

For each datatype from the above list, the normative constraining facets are xsd:minInclusive, xsd:maxInclusive, xsd:minExclusive, and xsd:maxExclusive. An OWL 2 implementation MAY support all lexical forms of these datatypes; however, it MUST support at least the lexical forms listed in Section 5.4 of XML Schema Datatypes [XML Schema Datatypes].

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