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The following is Paul Biron's translation of the original comment (which was in French): Allow me make a small comment regarding the XML Schema Part 0: Introduction available at the URL http://xmlfr.org/w3c/TR/xmlschema-0/. In Chapter 2.2, one can read (just after the definition of the type USAddress) "The consequence of this definition is that all instances of this element in an instance (for example shipTo in the file po.xml) must consist of 5 elements and one attribute. Also in the same chapter 2.2 (just after the definition of the type PurchaseOrderType): "The elements shipTo and billTo may equally have a country attribute which is part of the definition of USAddress." In the first case shipTo MUST have the attribute, in the second case, shipTo MAY have the attribute. This is a X significant difference [trans: I can't find a translation of reelle...it might be a typo] . (I have seen the English version, and it has the same ambiguity). See: http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-xml-schema-comments/2003JanMar/0076.html