Placeholder - actual abstract text for WCAG20-TECHS is included in the XSLT, techs-merge.xslt. This file contains the XML for general techniques and can be used in conjunction with techs-sample-output.xsl to check that techniques will output correctly.
Plain text documents. Not applicable to technologies that contain markup.
The objective of this technique is to recognize a paragraph in a plain text document. A paragraph is a coherent block of text, such as a group of related sentences that develop a single topic or a coherent part of a larger topic.
The beginning of a paragraph is indicated by
the beginning of the content, that is, the paragraph is the first content in the document, or
exactly one blank line preceding the paragraph text
The end of a paragraph is indicated by
the end of the content, that is, the paragraph is the last content in the document, or
one or more blank lines following the paragraph text
A blank line contains zero or more non-printing characters, such as space or tab, followed by a new line.
Two paragraphs. Each starts and ends with a blank line.
For each paragraph:
Check that the paragraph is preceded by exactly one blank line, or that the paragraph is the first content in the Web page
Check that the paragraph is followed by at least one blank line, or that the paragraph is the last content in the Web page.
Check that no paragraph contains any blank lines
All checks above are all true for each paragraph.
Plain text documents. Not applicable to technologies that contain markup.
The objective of this technique is to use text formatting conventions to create simple lists of related items. Hierarchical lists or nested lists cannot be represented using this technique and should be represented using a different technology.
A list is a sequence of list items. A list item is a paragraph that begins with a label. For unordered lists, asterisks, dashes, and bullet characters may be used as the label, but the same label characters must be used for all the items in a list. For ordered lists, the label may be alphabetic or numeric, and may be terminated by a period or a right parenthesis. The labels must be in ascending order, that is,
numbers must be in numeric order,
alphabetic labels must be in alphabetical order or in numeric order when interpreted as Roman numerals.
For each list in the text content
Check that each list item is a paragraph that starts with a label
Check that the list contains no lines that are not list items
Check that all list items in a list use the same style label
Check that the labels in ordered lists are in sequential order
Check that the labels in each unordered list are the same
All checks above are all true.
Plain text documents. Not applicable to technologies that contain markup.
The objective of this technique is to use text formatting conventions to convey the structure of the content. Headings are used to locate and label sections of a text document, showing the organization of the document.
The beginning of a heading is indicated by
two blank lines preceding the heading
The end of a heading is indicated by
a blank line following the heading
A blank line contains any number of non-printing characters, such as space or tab, followed by a new line.
The programmatic identification of the Heading is the two blank lines preceding it and one blank line succeeding it. Text documents are necessarily void of underlying structure and so structure must be indicated in the programmatic layout for screen readers. This programmatic layout will enable screen readers to voice blank lines twice before the text that will be considered as a heading. A screen magnifier user would decipher headings by visually identifying the space before it (or their technology may have Screen reader capabilities that can identify the spaces).
A paragraph is followed by two blank lines, then a heading, then one blank line, then another paragraph:
For each heading in the content:
Check that each heading is preceded by two blank lines
Check that each heading is followed by a blank line
Check that no heading contains any blank lines
All of the checks above are true.
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