This specification defines the Document Object Model Level 2
HTML, a platform- and language-neutral interface that allows
programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the
content and structure of
This is the 09 January 2003 of "DOM Level 2 HTML". This document has been reviewed by W3C Members, software developers, and other W3C groups and interested parties, and has been endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited as a normative reference from another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. This document enhances the interoperability of the Web.
Patent disclosures relevant to this specification may be found on the
This document has been produced as part of the
The English version of this specification is the only normative
version. Information about
The
Comments on this document are invited and are to be sent to the
public mailing list
An
A list of
This specification renders the DOM Level 1 HTML Recommendation obsolete given that some changes from DOM Level 1 HTML are incompatible with that specification but represent more accurately the state of deployed software. W3C strongly suggests that developers and authors conform to DOM Level 2 HTML instead.
Created in electronic form.
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This section extends the DOM Level 2 Core API
The goals of the HTML-specific DOM API are:
to specialize and add functionality that relates
specifically to HTML documents and elements. to address issues of backwards compatibility with the
to provide
The key differences between the core DOM and the HTML
application of DOM is that the HTML Document Object Model
exposes a number of
More specifically, this document includes the following specializations
for HTML:
An An Specializations for all HTML elements that have attributes
that extend beyond those specified in the HTMLDocument interface, derived from the core
Document interface. HTMLDocument
specifies the operations and queries that can be made on a HTML
document.HTMLElement interface, derived from the core
Element interface. HTMLElement specifies
the operations and queries that can be made on any HTML
element. Methods on HTMLElement include those that
allow for the retrieval and modification of attributes that apply
to all HTML elements.HTMLElement
interface. For all such attributes, the derived interface for the
element contains explicit methods for setting and getting the
values.
The DOM Level 2 includes mechanisms to access and modify style specified through CSS and defines an event model that can be used with HTML documents.
The interfaces found within this section are not mandatory. A
DOM application may use the hasFeature(feature,
version) method of the DOMImplementation
interface with parameter values "HTML" and "2.0" (respectively)
to determine whether or not this module is supported by the
implementation. In addition to the feature string "HTML", the
feature string "XHTML" (version string "2.0") can be used to
check if the implementation supports XHTML (this is equivalent
to checking the features "XML" and "HTML"). In order to fully
support this module, an implementation must also support the
"Core" feature defined
A DOM
application can use the hasFeature method of the
DOMImplementation interface to determine whether they
are supported or not. The feature string for all the interfaces listed in
this section is "HTML" and the version is "2.0". In order to fully
support this feature, an implementation needs also to support the "Core"
feature defined in the Document Object Model Level 2 Core
The interfaces in this specification are designed for
This specification does not intend to define exactly how a
user agent will respond to a change to any attribute on an
element that directly or indirectly references external data,
such elements are HTMLAppletElement,
HTMLFrameElement,
HTMLFrameSetElement,
HTMLIFrameElement, HTMLImageElement,
HTMLLinkElement, HTMLObjectElement,
HTMLParamElement, and
HTMLScriptElement.
The HTML DOM follows a naming convention for properties, methods, events, collections, and data types. All names are defined as one or more English words concatenated together to form a single string.
The property or method name starts with the initial keyword in lowercase, and each subsequent word starts with a capital letter. For example, a property that returns document meta information such as the date the file was created might be named "fileDateCreated". In the ECMAScript binding, properties are exposed as properties of a given object. In Java, properties are exposed with get and set methods.
While most of the interfaces defined below can
be mapped directly to elements defined in the HTML 4.01
Recommendation, some of them cannot. Similarly, not
all attributes listed below have counterparts in the
HTML 4.01 specification (and some do, but have been
renamed to avoid conflicts with scripting languages).
Interfaces and attribute definitions that have links
to the HTML 4.0 specification have corresponding element
and attribute definitions there; all
others are added by this specification, either for
convenience or backwards compatibility with
The DOM HTML Level 1 API
From the DOM point of view, The biggest difference between HTML 4.01 (and earlier) and XHTML 1.0 is that XHTML is case sensitive, whereas HTML 4.01 is case insensitive. The HTML case insensitivity is also reflected in the DOM HTML API. For instance, element and attribute names are exposed as all uppercase (for consistency) when used on an HTML document, regardless of the character case used in the markup. Since XHTML is based on XML, in XHTML everything is case sensitive, and element and attribute names must be lowercase in the markup.
Developers need to take two things into account when writing code
that works on both HTML and XHTML documents. When comparing
element or attribute names to strings, the string compare needs to
be case insensitive, or the element or attribute name needs to be
converted into lowercase before comparing against a lowercase
string. Second, when calling methods that are case insensitive
when used on a HTML document (such as
getElementsByTagName() and namedItem()),
the string that is passed in should be lowercase.
The interfaces provided in this document are only for
An HTMLCollection is a list of nodes. An individual node
may be accessed by either ordinal index or the node's
name or id attributes.
Collections in the HTML DOM are assumed to be
This attribute specifies the length or
This method retrieves a node specified by ordinal index. Nodes are numbered in tree order (depth-first traversal order).
The index of the node to be fetched. The index origin is 0.
The Node at the corresponding position upon
success. A value of null is returned if the index is
out of range.
This method retrieves a Node using a name. With
Node with a matching id attribute. If it
doesn't find one, it then searches for a Node with a
matching name attribute, but only on those elements
that are allowed a name attribute. With Nodes with a
matching id attribute. This method is case
insensitive in HTML documents and case sensitive in XHTML
documents.
The name of the Node to be fetched.
The Node with a name or
id attribute whose value corresponds to the specified
string. Upon failure (e.g., no node with this name exists),
returns null.
An HTMLOptionsCollection is a list of nodes representing
HTML option element. An individual node may be accessed by either ordinal
index or the node's name or id attributes.
Collections in the HTML DOM are assumed to be
This attribute specifies the length or
NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: if setting the length is not allowed by the implementation.
This method retrieves a node specified by ordinal index. Nodes are numbered in tree order (depth-first traversal order).
The index of the node to be fetched. The index origin is 0.
The Node at the corresponding position upon success. A
value of null is returned if the index is out of
range.
This method retrieves a Node using a name. It first
searches for a Node with a matching id
attribute. If it doesn't find one, it then searches for a
Node with a matching name attribute, but only
on those elements that are allowed a name attribute. This method is case
insensitive in HTML documents and case sensitive in XHTML documents.
The name of the Node to be fetched.
The Node with a name or id
attribute whose value corresponds to the specified string. Upon failure
(e.g., no node with this name exists), returns null.
An HTMLDocument is the root of the HTML
hierarchy and holds the entire content. Besides providing access to the
hierarchy, it also provides some
The following properties have been deprecated in favor of the
corresponding ones for the BODY element:
alinkColor
background
bgColor
fgColor
linkColor
vlinkColor
In DOM Level 2, the method getElementById is
inherited from the Document interface where it was
moved to.
The title of a document as specified by the TITLE
element in the head of the document.
Returns the URI
The domain name of the server that served the document, or null
if the server cannot be identified by a domain name.
The absolute URI
The element that contains the content for the document. In documents
with BODY contents, returns the BODY
element. In frameset documents, this returns the outermost
FRAMESET element.
A collection of all the IMG elements in a document.
The behavior is limited to IMG elements for backwards compatibility.
As suggested by OBJECT element or the IMG
element. Therefore, it is recommended not to use this attribute to find
the images in the document but getElementsByTagName with
HTML 4.01 or getElementsByTagNameNS with XHTML 1.0.
A collection of all the OBJECT elements that include
applets and APPLET (
A collection of all AREA elements and
anchor (A) elements in a document
with a value for the href attribute.
A collection of all the forms of a document.
A collection of all the anchor (A) elements in a document
with a value for the name attribute.
For reasons of backward compatibility, the returned set of
anchors only contains those anchors created with the
name attribute, not those created with the
id attribute. Note that in name attribute (see id attribute is used instead.
Users should prefer the iterator mechanisms provided by
This mutable string attribute denotes persistent state
information that (1) is associated with the current frame
or document and (2) is composed of information described
by the cookies non-terminal of
If no persistent state information is available for the current frame or document document, then this property's value is an empty string.
When this attribute is read, all cookies are returned as a single string, with each cookie's name-value pair concatenated into a list of name-value pairs, each list item being separated by a ';' (semicolon).
When this attribute is set, the value it is set to should be a
string that adheres to the cookie non-terminal of
See
The precise nature of a user agent session is not defined by this specification.
SYNTAX_ERR: If the new value does not adhere to the
cookie syntax specified by
Open a document stream for writing. If a document exists in the target, this method clears it.
This method and the ones following
allow a user to add to or replace the structure
model of a document using strings of unparsed HTML. At the time of
writing alternate methods for providing similar functionality for
both HTML and XML documents were being considered (see
Closes a document stream opened by open()
and forces rendering.
Write a string of text to a document stream opened by
open(). Note that the function will produce a document
which is not necessarily driven by a DTD and therefore might be produce
an invalid result in the context of the document.
The string to be parsed into some structure in the document structure model.
Write a string of text followed by a newline character to a document
stream opened by open(). Note that the function will produce a document
which is not necessarily driven by a DTD and therefore might be produce
an invalid result in the context of the document
The string to be parsed into some structure in the document structure model.
With name
value is given by elementName. In
The name attribute value for an element.
The matching elements.
HTML attributes are exposed as properties on the element
object. The DOM naming conventions always determine the name
of the exposed property, and are independent of the case of the
attribute in the source document. The data type of the
property is in general determined by the type of the attribute
as determined by the HTML 4.01 (transitional and frameset) and
XHTML 1.0 DTDs. The attributes have the semantics (including
case-sensitivity) given in the
The attributes are exposed as properties for compatibility
with Element interface for setting, getting and removing
attributes.
| DTD Data Type | |
|---|---|
| CDATA | DOMString |
| Value list (e.g., (left | right | center)) | DOMString |
| one-value Value list (e.g., (disabled)) | boolean |
| Number | long int |
In an HTML document the return value of an attribute that has a data type that is a value list is normalized to lowercase (independent of the case of the value in the source document).
For example, if the value of the align attribute on a P
element is "Left" (which is not a valid value in XHTML due to
the case sensitivity of XHTML) then the value is returned as
"left". For attributes with the CDATA data type,
the case of the return value is that given in the source
document.
The return value of an attribute that is unspecified and does not have a default value is the empty string if the return type is a DOMString, false if the return type is a boolean and 0 if the return type is a number.
To avoid namespace conflicts, two attributes with the same name
as a keyword in one of our chosen for attribute of the
LABEL and SCRIPT elements collides
with loop construct naming conventions and is renamed
htmlFor. The class attribute of the
HTML elements collides with class definitions naming conventions
and is renamed className.
tagName, (nodeName))
If the document is an HTML 4.01 document the element type
names exposed through a property are in uppercase. For
example, the body element type name is exposed through the
tagName property as BODY. If the
document is an XHTML 1.0 document the element name
is exposed as it is written in the XHTML file. This means
that the element type names are exposed in lowercase for
XHTML documents since the XHTML 1.0 DTDs defines element
type names as lowercase, and XHTML, being derived from XML,
is case sensitive.
All HTML element interfaces derive from this class. Elements that only
expose the HTML core attributes are represented by the base
HTMLElement interface. These elements are as follows:
special: SUB, SUP, SPAN, BDO
font: TT, I, B, U, S, STRIKE, BIG, SMALL
phrase: EM, STRONG, DFN, CODE, SAMP, KBD, VAR, CITE, ACRONYM, ABBR
list: DD, DT
NOFRAMES, NOSCRIPT
ADDRESS, CENTER
The style attribute of an HTML element is accessible
through the ElementCSSInlineStyle interface which is defined
in the CSS module
The element's identifier. See the
The element's advisory title. See the
Language code defined in RFC 1766. See the
Specifies the base direction of directionally neutral
text and the directionality of tables. See the
The class attribute of the element. This attribute has been renamed
due to conflicts with the "class" keyword exposed by many languages. See the
Root of an HTML document. See the
Version information about the document's DTD. See the
Document head information. See the
URI
The LINK element specifies a link to an external
resource, and defines this document's relationship to that resource
(or vice versa). See the LinkStyle interface in the StyleSheet
module
Enables/disables the link. This is currently only used for style sheet links, and may be used to activate or deactivate style sheets.
The character encoding of the resource being linked to. See the
The URI
Language code of the linked resource. See the
Designed for use with one or more target media. See the
Forward link type. See the
Reverse link type. See the
Frame to render the resource in. See the
Advisory content type. See the
The document title. See the
The specified title as a string.
This contains generic meta-information about the document. See the
Associated information. See the
HTTP response header name
Meta information name. See the
Select form of content. See the
Document base URI
The base URI
The default target frame. See the
This element is used
for single-line text input. See the
Returns the FORM element containing this control.
Returns null if this control is not within the context of a form.
The prompt message. See the
Style information. See the LinkStyle interface in the StyleSheets module
Enables/disables the style sheet.
Designed for use with one or more target media. See the
The content type of the style sheet language. See the
The HTML document body. This element is always present in the DOM API,
even if the tags are not present in the source document. See the
Color of active links (after mouse-button down, but before
mouse-button up). See the
URI
Document background color. See the
Color of links that are not active and unvisited. See the
Document text color. See the
Color of links that have been visited by the user. See the
The FORM element encompasses behavior similar to a
collection and an element. It provides direct access to the contained
form controls as well as the attributes of the form element. See the
Returns a collection of all form control elements in the form.
The number of form controls in the form.
Names the form.
List of character sets supported by the server. See the
Server-side form handler. See the
The content type of the submitted form, generally
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded". See the
The onsubmit even handler is not guaranteed to be triggered when invoking this method. The behavior is inconsistent for historical reasons and authors should not rely on a particular one.
HTTP method
Frame to render the resource in. See the
Submits the form. It performs the same action as a submit button.
Restores a form element's default values. It performs the same action as a reset button.
The select element allows the selection of an option. The contained
options can be directly accessed through the select element as a
collection. See the
The type of this form control. This is the string
"select-multiple" when the multiple attribute is true and
the string "select-one" when false.
The ordinal index of the selected option, starting from 0. The value -1 is returned if no element is selected. If multiple options are selected, the index of the first selected option is returned.
The current form control value (i.e. the value of the currently selected option), if multiple options are selected this is the value of the first selected option.
The number of options in this SELECT.
NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: if setting the length is not allowed by the implementation.
Returns the FORM element containing this control.
Returns null if this control is not within the context of a form.
The collection of OPTION elements contained by this element.
The control is unavailable in this context. See the
If true, multiple OPTION elements may
be selected in this SELECT. See the
Form control or object name when submitted with a form. See the
Number of visible rows. See the
Index that represents the element's position in the tabbing order. See the
Add a new element to the collection of OPTION
elements for this SELECT. This method is the
equivalent of the appendChild method of the
Node interface if the before parameter
is null. It is equivalent to the
insertBefore method on the parent of
before in all other cases. This method may have no
effect if the new element is not an OPTION or an
OPTGROUP.
The element to add.
The element to insert before, or null for the
tail of the list.
NOT_FOUND_ERR: Raised if before is not
a descendant of the SELECT element.
Remove an element from the collection of OPTION elements
for this SELECT. Does nothing if no element has the given
index.
The index of the item to remove, starting from 0.
Removes keyboard focus from this element.
Gives keyboard focus to this element.
Group options together in logical subdivisions. See the
The control is unavailable in this context. See the
Assigns a label to this option group. See the
A selectable choice. See the
Returns the FORM element containing this control.
Returns null if this control is not within the context of a form.
Represents the value of the HTML selected attribute. The
value of this attribute does not change if the state of the
corresponding form control, in an interactive user agent,
changes. See the
The text contained within the option element.
The index of this OPTION in its parent
SELECT, starting from 0.
The control is unavailable in this context. See the
Option label for use in hierarchical menus. See the
Represents the current state of the corresponding form control, in an interactive user agent. Changing this attribute changes the state of the form control, but does not change the value of the HTML selected attribute of the element.
The current form control value. See the
Form control.
Depending upon the environment
in which the page is being viewed, the value property may be read-only for the
file upload input type. For the "password" input type, the actual value
returned may be masked to prevent unauthorized use. See the
When the type attribute of the element has the
value "text", "file" or "password", this represents the HTML value
attribute of the element. The value of this attribute does not change
if the contents of the corresponding form control, in an interactive
user agent, changes. See the
When type has the value "radio" or "checkbox",
this represents the HTML checked attribute of the element. The value of
this attribute does not change if the state of the corresponding form
control, in an interactive user agent, changes. See the
Returns the FORM element containing this control.
Returns null if this control is not within the context of a form.
A comma-separated list of content types that a server processing this
form will handle correctly. See the
A single character access key to give access to the form control. See the
Aligns this object (vertically or horizontally)
with respect to its surrounding text. See the
Alternate text for user agents not rendering the normal content
of this element. See the
When the type attribute of the element has the
value "radio" or "checkbox", this represents the current state of the
form control, in an interactive user agent. Changes to this attribute
change the state of the form control, but do not change the value of
the HTML checked attribute of the INPUT element.
During the handling of a click event on an input element with a type attribute that has the value "radio" or "checkbox", some implementations may change the value of this property before the event is being dispatched in the document. If the default action of the event is canceled, the value of the property may be changed back to its original value. This means that the value of this property during the handling of click events is implementation dependent.
The control is unavailable in this context. See the
Maximum number of characters for text fields, when type
has the value "text" or "password". See the
Form control or object name when submitted with a form. See the
This control is read-only. Relevant only when type has the value "text" or "password". See the
Size information. The precise meaning is specific to each type of
field.
See the
When the type attribute has the value "image", this
attribute specifies the location of the image to be used to decorate
the graphical submit button. See the
Index that represents the element's position in the tabbing order. See the
The type of control created (all lower case). See the
Use client-side image map. See the
When the type attribute of the element has the
value "text", "file" or "password", this represents the current
contents of the corresponding form control, in an interactive user
agent. Changing this attribute changes the contents of the form
control, but does not change the value of the HTML value attribute of
the element. When the type attribute of the element has
the value "button", "hidden", "submit", "reset", "image", "checkbox" or
"radio", this represents the HTML value attribute of the element. See
the
Removes keyboard focus from this element.
Gives keyboard focus to this element.
Select the contents of the text area. For INPUT elements
whose type attribute has one of the following values:
"text", "file", or "password".
Simulate a mouse-click. For INPUT elements whose
type attribute has one of the following
values: "button", "checkbox", "radio", "reset", or "submit".
Multi-line text field. See the
Represents the contents of the element. The value of this attribute does not change if the contents of the corresponding form control, in an interactive user agent, changes.
Returns the FORM element containing this control.
Returns null if this control is not within the context of a form.
A single character access key to give access to the form control. See the
Width of control (in characters). See the
The control is unavailable in this context. See the
Form control or object name when submitted with a form. See the
This control is read-only. See the
Number of text rows. See the
Index that represents the element's position in the tabbing order. See the
The type of this form control. This the string "textarea".
Represents the current contents of the corresponding form
control, in an interactive user agent. Changing this attribute changes
the contents of the form control, but does not change the contents of
the element. If the entirety of the data can not fit into a single
DOMString, the implementation may truncate the
data.
Removes keyboard focus from this element.
Gives keyboard focus to this element.
Select the contents of the TEXTAREA.
Push button. See the
Returns the FORM element containing this control.
Returns null if this control is not within the context of a form.
A single character access key to give access to the form control. See the
The control is unavailable in this context. See the
Form control or object name when submitted with a form. See the
Index that represents the element's position in the tabbing order. See the
The type of button (all lower case).
See the
The current form control value. See the
Form field label text. See the
Returns the FORM element containing this control.
Returns null if this control is not within the context of a form.
A single character access key to give access to the form control. See the
This attribute links this label with another form control
by id attribute. See the
Organizes form controls into logical groups. See the
Returns the FORM element containing this control.
Returns null if this control is not within the context of a form.
Provides a caption for a FIELDSET grouping. See the
Returns the FORM element containing this control.
Returns null if this control is not within the context of a form.
A single character access key to give access to the form control. See the
Text alignment relative to FIELDSET. See the
Unordered list. See the
Reduce spacing between list items. See the
Bullet style. See the
Ordered list. See the
Reduce spacing between list items. See the
Starting sequence number. See the
Numbering style. See the
Definition list. See the
Reduce spacing between list items. See the
Directory list. See the
Reduce spacing between list items. See the
Menu list. See the
Reduce spacing between list items. See the
List item. See the
List item bullet style. See the
Reset sequence number when used in OL. See the
Generic block container. See the
Horizontal text alignment. See the
Paragraphs. See the
Horizontal text alignment. See the
For the H1 to H6 elements. See the
Horizontal text alignment. See the
For the Q and BLOCKQUOTE elements. See the
A URI
Preformatted text. See the
Fixed width for content. See the
Force a line break. See the
Control flow of text around floats. See the
Base font. See the
Font color. See the
Font face identifier. See the