previous next contents

# 13. SMIL 2.0 Language Profile

Editors:
  Nabil Layaïda (Nabil.Layaida@inrialpes.fr), INRIA
  Jacco Van Ossenbruggen (Jacco.van.Ossenbruggen@cwi.nl), CWI

## Table of contents

## 13.1 Abstract

The SMIL 2.0 profile describes the SMIL 2.0 modules that are included in the SMIL 2.0 Language and details how these modules are integrated. It contains support for all of the major SMIL 2.0 features including animation, content control, layout, linking, media object, meta-information, structure, timing and transition effects. It is designed for Web clients that support direct playback from SMIL 2.0 markup.

## 13.2 SMIL 2.0 Profile

This section is informative.

The SMIL 2.0 Profile is defined as a markup language. The syntax of this language is formally described with a document type definition (DTD) or an XML Schema which is based on the SMIL modules as defined in "The SMIL 2.0 Modules".

The SMIL 2.0 Profile design requirements are:

1. Ensure that the profile is completely backward compatible with SMIL 1.0.
2. Ensure that all the modules' semantics maintain compatibility with SMIL semantics (this includes content and timing).
3. Adopt new W3C Recommendations when appropriate without conflicting with other requirements.

## 13.3 Normative Definition of the SMIL 2.0 Language Profile

This section is normative.

### 13.3.1 Document Conformance

This version of SMIL provides a definition of strictly conforming SMIL 2.0 documents, which are restricted to tags and attributes from the SMIL 2.0 namespace. The Section "Extending SMIL 2.0 Language" provides information on using SMIL 2.0 with other namespaces, for instance, on including new tags within SMIL 2.0 documents.

### 13.3.2 SMIL 2.0 Language Conformance

#### Conforming SMIL 2.0 Documents

A SMIL 2.0 document is a conforming SMIL 2.0 document if it adheres to the specification described in this document (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) 2.0 Profile Specification) including SMIL 2.0's DTD (see Document Type Definition). A conforming SMIL 2.0 document must meet all of the following criteria:

1. The root element of the document must be the smil element.
2. The document must be well-formed XML.
3. It must conform to the following W3C Recommendations:
   - The XML 1.0 specification (Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0) [XML10].
   - Namespaces in XML [XML-NS]. Full XML Namespaces must be supported.
   - Any use of CSS styles and properties shall conform to Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 CSS2 Specification [CSS2].
4. A SMIL 2.0 document can contain the following DOCTYPE declaration:

   The SMIL 2.0 Language DOCTYPE is:

       <!DOCTYPE smil PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SMIL 2.0//EN"
                             "http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/SMIL20.dtd">

   If a document contains this declaration, it must be a valid XML document. Note that this implies that extensions to the syntax defined in the DTD are not allowed. If the document is invalid, the user agent should issue an error.

5. A document must declare a default namespace for its elements with an xmlns attribute on the smil root element with its identifier URI:

       <smil xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/Language">
          ...
       </smil>

   The default namespace declaration must be xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/Language".

6. A document may declare both an XML DOCTYPE declaration (as defined in [XML10]) and one or more XML namespace declarations (as defined in [XML-NS]). To be recognized as a SMIL 2.0 document by a conforming SMIL 2.0 user agent, the document must include the SMIL 2.0 namespace identifier as the default namespace on the <smil> tag. For example:

   Declare a SMIL 2.0 document with custom extensions conforming to a custom DTD:

       <!DOCTYPE smil SYSTEM "http://www.example.org/myveryownSMIL.dtd">
       <smil xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/Language"
               xmlns:mysmil="http://www.example.org/2001/SMIL30/Language">
               <mysmil:foo>
               ...
               </mysmil:foo>
       </smil>

7. A document that declares neither a DOCTYPE nor a default namespace declaration will be processed as a SMIL 1.0 document. Extension elements or attributes not defined by the SMIL 1.0 namespace should be declared using the XML namespace mechanism.

8. Given that, as of this writing, DTDs have no way to describe the allowability of namespace-qualified extensions, and that extensions to SMIL 2.0 conformant documents must be namespace-qualified, here is the algorithm to be used to validate documents with extensions:

   If all non-SMIL 2.0 namespace elements and attributes and all xmlns attributes which refer to non-SMIL 2.0 namespace elements are removed from the given document and if the appropriate <!DOCTYPE ... > statement which points to the SMIL 2.0 DTD is included, the result is a valid XML document.

9. Many SMIL 2.0 attributes are associated with several SMIL 2.0 namespaces including the module namespaces, module collection namespaces, the SMIL 2.0 language namespace, and the overall SMIL 2.0 namespace. Attributes in the SMIL 2.0 namespaces having the same local part are considered the same attribute as far as SMIL 2.0 Language document syntax. It is illegal to use a SMIL 2.0 attribute several times on an element, even if each occurrence is qualified by a different SMIL 2.0 namespace, and SMIL user agents shall treat this as a syntax error. For example, the following document fragment is an error, because the begin attribute appears twice on the ref element:

       <smil xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/Language"
               xmlns:BasicInlineTiming="http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/BasicInlineTiming">
       ...
       <ref begin="5s" BasicInlineTiming:begin="5s"/>
       ...
       </smil>

The SMIL 2.0 language or these conformance criteria provide no designated size limits on any aspect of SMIL 2.0 content. There are no maximum values on the number of elements, the amount of character data, or the number of characters in attribute values.

SMIL 2.0 deprecates base as a property value for the content attribute of the meta element of SMIL 1.0 in favor of the more general XML Base URI mechanisms.

The SMIL 2.0 Language profile supports the XML Base Recommendation [XMLBase]. XML Base is supported on all elements, and affects the interpretation of URIs as specified in the individual modules defining the URI attributes. Specifically, any applicable XML Base base URI must be applied to the interpretation of the href attribute of the link elements a, area and anchor, as well as the src attribute of the media elements audio, video, img, animation, textstream, text, and ref. XML Base must also be applied on longdesc attributes of all of the SMIL 2.0 Language elements.

The rules above should be revised once a normative XML Schema for SMIL 2.0 is available. This revision will take into account XML Schema validation.

#### Conforming SMIL 2.0 Language User Agents

A SMIL 2.0 user agent is a program which can parse and process a SMIL 2.0 document and render the contents of the document onto output mediums. A conforming SMIL 2.0 user agent must meet all of the following criteria:

1. In order to be consistent with the XML 1.0 Recommendation [XML10], the user agent must parse and evaluate a SMIL 2.0 document for well-formedness. If the user agent claims to be a validating user agent, it must also validate documents against their referenced DTDs according to [XML10].
2. When the user agent claims to support the functionality of SMIL 2.0 through SMIL 2.0 elements and attributes and the semantics associated with these elements and attributes, it must do so in ways consistent with this specification.
3. The user agent must be able to successfully parse and process any conforming SMIL 2.0 documents, and support and correctly implement the semantics of all SMIL 2.0 Language Profile features.
4. The XML parser of the user agent must be able to parse and process XML constructs defined in [XML10] and [XML-NS].
5. The default namespace on the smil root element recognized by the user agent will fall into one of three types:
   1. Default namespace on the smil root element recognized in its entirety by the user agent. The user agent should process the document as the version identified by the recognized namespace. Any elements, attributes, or other syntax not defined by the default namespace on the smil root element must be fully namespace qualified using the standard XML mechanisms for declaring namespaces for elements and attributes described in [XML-NS]. The "skip-content" mechanism (defined in the SkipContent module) will be applied to extension elements unrecognized by the user agent. Unqualified elements not part of the default namespace are illegal and must result in an error.

      Examples:

      1) A pure SMIL 1.0 document:

          <smil xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-smil">
           ...
          </smil>

      2) A pure SMIL 2.0 document:

          <smil xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/Language">
           ...
          </smil>

      3) A SMIL 1.0 document that has been extended to use the excl element:

          <smil xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-smil"
                xmlns:smil20="http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/" >
             <smil20:excl>
               ...
             </smil20:excl>
          </smil>

      4) A SMIL 2.0 document that has been extended to use the 'foo' element from a fictitious SMIL 3.0 version of SMIL:

          <smil xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/Language"
                xmlns:smil30="http://www.example.org/2001/SMIL30/" >
            <smil30:foo>
             ...
            </smil30:foo>
          </smil>

   2. No default namespace declaration is present on the smil root element in the document. The document will be processed as a SMIL 1.0 document.
   3. Default namespace declaration on the smil root element unrecognized. A SMIL user agent will not recognize the document as any version of SMIL and must issue an error.
6. The user agent must support the following W3C Recommendations with regard to SMIL 2.0 content:
   - Complete support for the XML 1.0 specification (Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0) [XML10].
   - Complete support for inclusion of non-SMIL 2.0 namespaces within SMIL 2.0 content via Namespaces in XML [XML-NS]. A xmlns declaration or xmlns prefix declaration may be used on any element in the SMIL 2.0 language profile.
7. The user agent ignores namespace prefix qualified elements from unrecognized namespaces and must support the skip-content attributes. If no skip-content attributes are declared, the value of true is assumed.
8. The user agent ignores elements with unrecognized default namespace declarations and must support the skip-content attribute. If no skip-content attributes are declared, the value of true is assumed.
9. The user agent must issue an error for an attribute value which does not conform to the syntax specified for that attribute.
10. The detection of a syntax error in a SMIL 2.0 language profile document must result in the user agent issuing an error and not playing the document.
11. When the deprecated (hyphenated) and the new (camelCase) version of an attribute syntax are used in the same document, SMIL 2.0 user agents should take into account the camelCase version only.
12. Conforming SMIL 2.0 Language user agents must play SMIL 1.0 documents as specified in the SMIL 1.0 Recommendation [SMIL10].

The Web Accessibility Initiative is defining "User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0" [UAAG]. Developers are encouraged to design user agents that satisfy at least the Level A requirements of that document. Should UAAG 1.0 become a W3C Recommendation, a future version of SMIL is likely to require Level A conformance to UAAG 1.0 as part of SMIL user agent conformance.

### 13.3.3 The SMIL 2.0 Language Profile

The SMIL 2.0 Language Profile supports the timeline-centric multimedia features found in the SMIL 2.0 modules. It uses only modules from the SMIL 2.0 recommendation. As the language profile includes the mandatory modules, it is a SMIL Host Language conforming language profile. This language profile includes the following SMIL 2.0 modules:

- Structure functionality
  - Structure Module
- Metainformation functionality
  - Metainformation Module
- Timing functionality
  - BasicInlineTiming Module
  - SyncbaseTiming Module
  - EventTiming Module
  - MinMaxTiming Module
  - RepeatTiming Module
  - RepeatValueTiming Module
  - WallclockTiming Module
  - MultiArcTiming Module
  - AccessKeyTiming Module
  - BasicTimeContainers Module
  - ExclTimeContainers Module
  - RestartTiming Module
  - SyncBehavior Module
  - SyncBehaviorDefault Module
  - RestartDefault Module
  - FillDefault Module
  - MediaMarkerTiming Module
- Animation functionality
  - BasicAnimation Module
- Content Control functionality
  - BasicContentControl Module
  - CustomTestAttributes Module
  - PrefetchControl Module
  - SkipContentControl Module
- Layout functionality
  - BasicLayout Module
  - AudioLayout Module
  - MultiWindowLayout Module
  - HierarchicalLayout Module
- Linking functionality
  - BasicLinking Module
  - LinkingAttributes Module
  - ObjectLinking Module
- Transition Effects functionality
  - BasicTransitions Module
  - TransitionModifiers Module
- Media functionality
  - BasicMedia Module
  - MediaClipping Module
  - MediaClipMarkers Module
  - MediaParam Module
  - BrushMedia Module
  - MediaAccessibility Module

The collection names contained in the following table define the SMIL 2.0 Profile vocabulary.

SMIL 2.0 Profile
Collection Name | Elements in Collection
--- | ---
Animation | animate, set, animateMotion, animateColor
ContentControl | switch, prefetch
Layout | region, root-layout, layout, regPoint, topLayout
LinkAnchor | a, area (anchor)
MediaContent | text, img, audio, video, ref, animation, textstream, brush, param
Metainformation | meta, metadata
Structure | smil, head, body
Schedule | par, seq, excl
Transition | transition

In the following sections, we define the set of elements and attributes used in each of the modules included in the SMIL 2.0 Profile. The content model for each element is described. The content model of an element is a description of elements which can appear as its direct children. The special content model "EMPTY" means that a given element may not have children.

Collection Name | Attributes in Collection
--- | ---
Core | id (ID), class (NMTOKEN), title (CDATA), alt (CDATA), longdesc (CDATA), xml:base (CDATA)
I18n | xml:lang (NMTOKEN)

The id, class and title attributes in the collection Core are defined for all the elements of the SMIL 2.0 Profile. The id attribute is used in the SMIL 2.0 Language Profile to assign a unique XML identifier to every element in a SMIL document. In this document, equivalent but deprecated attributes and elements in parentheses.

### 13.3.4 Animation Module

The Animation Module provides a framework for incorporating animation into a timing framework, and a mechanism for composing the effects of multiple animations. The Animation Module uses the timing modules included in this profile for the underlying model of time. The SMIL 2.0 profile includes the animation functionality of the BasicAnimation module. The BasicAnimation Module defines the semantics for the animate, set, animateMotion and animateColor elements.

In the SMIL 2.0 Language Profile, Animation elements can have the following attributes and content model :

Animation Module
Elements | Attributes | Content model
--- | --- | ---
animate | Core, I18n, basicTiming, Test, attributeName, attributeType, targetElement, from, to, by, values, calcMode, accumulate, additive, skip-content, customTest, fill (freeze | remove | hold | auto | default), fillDefault ( remove | freeze | hold | transition | auto | inherit ) | EMPTY
set | Core, I18n, basicTiming, Test, attributeName, attributeType, targetElement, to, skip-content, customTest, fill (freeze | remove | hold | auto | default), fillDefault ( remove | freeze | hold | transition | auto | inherit ) | EMPTY
animateMotion | Core, I18n, basicTiming, Test, targetElement, origin, from, to, by, values, calcMode, accumulate, additive, skip-content, customTest, fill (freeze | remove | hold | auto | default), fillDefault ( remove | freeze | hold | transition | auto | inherit ) | EMPTY
animateColor | Core, I18n, basicTiming, Test, attributeName, attributeType, targetElement, from, to, by, values, calcMode, accumulate, additive, skip-content, customTest, fill (freeze | remove | hold | auto | default), fillDefault ( remove | freeze | hold | transition | auto | inherit ) | EMPTY

This profile adds the animate, set, animateMotion and animateColor elements to the content model of the par, seq, excl and priorityClass elements of the Timing and Synchronization Modules. It also adds these elements to the content model of the body element of the Structure Module.

Specifying the target element of the animation

The animation target elements supported in the SMIL 2.0 Profile are the region element defined in the Layout Modules, the area (anchor) element defined in the Linking Modules and the text, img, audio, animation, video, ref, textstream and the brush elements defined in the Media Objects modules.

The SMIL 2.0 Language Profile uses the targetElement attribute to identify the element to be affected by animation elements. As recommended in the BasicAnimation Module when the targetElement attribute is supported, this profile excludes the XLink attributes href, type, actuate and show from the animate, set, animateMotion and animateColor elements.

Specifying the target attribute of the animation

The target attributes of the animations are a subset of those of the region, area (anchor), and media elements. The animatable attributes of the region, area (anchor), and media elements are listed in the table below.

The area (anchor) element has the coords attribute which can be subject to animation. The attribute coords is considered of type string in this profile. This means that only discrete non-additive animation is supported on this attribute.

The media elements have the following sub-region attributes which can be subject to animation: left, right, top, bottom, width, height, z-index and backgroundColor.

Elements | Target Element | Target Attributes
--- | --- | ---
animate | region | soundLevel, left, right, top, bottom, width, height, z-index, backgroundColor (background-color), regionName
area (anchor) | coords(string)
text, img, audio, animation, video, ref, textstream | left, right, top, bottom, width, height, z-index, backgroundColor
brush | left, right, top, bottom, width, height, z-index, backgroundColor (background-color), color
set | region | soundLevel, left, right, top, bottom, width, height, z-index, backgroundColor, regionName
area (anchor) | coords(string)
text, img, audio, animation, video, ref, textstream | left, right, top, bottom, width, height, z-index, backgroundColor
brush | left, right, top, bottom, width, height, z-index, color
animateMotion | region | Animates the top and left attributes of the region.
text, img, audio, animation, video, ref, textstream | Animates the top and left attributes of the sub-region associated with the media element.
animateColor | region | backgroundColor (background-color)
text, img, audio, animation, video, ref, textstream | backgroundColor
brush | color

Integration definitions

The SMIL 2.0 Language profile defines a set of integration definitions as required by the Animation modules. These definitions are:

- Animation values in the SMIL 2.0 Language profile are subject to the same syntax requirements as the attribute values on the animated elements.
- Percentage values on the attributes have the same semantics as they do on the attribute. If percentage values are not supported on an attribute then percentage values are not supported for animation in the SMIL 2.0 Language profile.
- The SMIL 2.0 Language profile supports CSS2 [CSS2] color names as described in the Layout modules. The lower clamping bound color value is the black color or rgb(0%, 0%, 0%) and the higher clamping color value is the white color or rgb(100%, 100%, 100%). Values on an animated color lower than the lower clamping bound are clamped to the black color; values greater than the higher clamping color are clamped to the white color.
- The semantics of clamping values for attributes should be performed in floating point with a precision of at least that given by a 4-byte IEEE-format real number [IEEE-Arithmetic]. Cumulative and additive presentation values should be computed without regard to the range of the target attribute. Prior to display, the presentation value should be reduced or increased to the nearest value which is within the range of the target attribute. For integer attributes the computed value should then be rounded to the nearest integer (coerced-integer-value). The mathematical definition of rounding is:

      coerced-integer-value = Math.floor( interpolated-value + 0.5 )

- The position of the region element to which the animateMotion element applies is the top left corner, in the coordinate system within which the 'top' and 'left' attributes are defined in the Layout modules.
- The origin for the animateMotion when applied to the sub-region on media elements is the top left of the containing region as defined in the Layout modules.

### 13.3.5 Content Control Modules

The Content Control Modules provide a framework for selecting content based on a set of test attributes. The Content Control Modules define semantics for the switch, prefetch, customAttributes and customTest elements. The SMIL 2.0 profile includes the Content Control functionality of the BasicContentControl, CustomTestAttributes, PrefetchControl and SkipContentControl modules.

In the SMIL 2.0 Language Profile, Content Control elements can have the following attributes and content model :

Content Control Module
Elements | Attributes | Content model
--- | --- | ---
switch | Core, I18n, Test, customTest | (Schedule | priorityClass | MediaContent | ContentControl | LinkAnchor | Animation | layout )*
prefetch | Core, I18n, Test, Timing, mediaSize, mediaTime, bandwidth, src, clipBegin (clip-begin), clipEnd (clip-end), skip-content, customTest | EMPTY
customAttributes | Core, I18n, Test, skip-content | customTest+
customTest | Core, I18n, skip-content, defaultState (true|false) 'false', override (visible | hidden) 'hidden', uid (URI) | EMPTY

This profile adds the switch element to the content model of the par, seq and excl elements of the Timing and Synchronization Modules, of the body and the head elements of the Structure Module, of the content model of the a element of the Linking Modules. The profile adds the customAttributes element to the content model of the head and the customTest element to the content model of the customAttributes element.

The Content Control functionality is used to define the Attribute set "Test":

Collection Name | Attributes in Collection
--- | ---
Test | systemBitrate (system-bitrate), systemCaptions (system-captions), systemLanguage (system-language), system-overdub-or-caption, systemRequired (system-required), systemScreenSize (system-screen-size), systemScreenDepth (system-screen-depth), systemOverdubOrSubtitle, systemAudioDesc, systemOperatingSystem, systemCPU, systemComponent

The collection of Attributes Test is added to all the elements defined in the SMIL 2.0 profile, except customTest and customAttributes. A SMIL 2.0 user agent must support all of the values for the systemOperatingSystem and systemCPU attributes listed in the Content Control Modules. In addition, the user agent should accept namespaced values as future extensions, and not declare a syntax error. The user agent should return false for unrecognized values of the systemOperatingSystem and systemCPU attributes.

### 13.3.6 Layout Modules

The Layout Modules provide a framework for spatial layout of visual components. The Layout Modules define semantics for the region, root-layout, topLayout, layout and the regPoint elements. The SMIL 2.0 profile includes the Layout functionality of the BasicLayout, AudioLayout, MultiWindowLayout and HierarchicalLayout modules.

In the SMIL 2.0 Language Profile, Layout elements can have the following attributes and content model :

Layout Module
Elements | Attributes | Content model
--- | --- | ---
region | Core, I18n, Test, backgroundColor (background-color), showBackground (always | whenActive), bottom, fit (fill | hidden | meet | scroll | slice), width, height, left, right, top, soundLevel, z-index, skip-content, customTest, regionName | region*
root-layout | Core, I18n, Test, backgroundColor (background-color), width, height, skip-content, customTest | EMPTY
topLayout | Core, I18n, Test, backgroundColor (background-color), width, height, open, close, skip-content, customTest | region*
layout | Core, I18n, Test, type, customTest | (root-layout | region | topLayout | regPoint)*
regPoint | Core, I18n, Test, top, bottom, left, right, regAlign ( topLeft|topMid | topRight | midLeft | center | midRight | bottomLeft | bottomMid | bottomRight ), skip-content, customTest | EMPTY

(**) The "background-color" attribute of SMIL1.0 is deprecated in favor of "backgroundColor", but both are supported.

The attribute collection SubregionAttributes is defined as follows:

Collection Name | Attributes in Collection
--- | ---
SubregionAttributes | top, left, bottom, right, width, height, z-index, fit, backgroundColor (background-color), regPoint, regAlign

This profile adds the layout element to the content model of the head element of the Structure Module. It also adds this element to the content model of the switch element of the Content Control Modules, when the switch element is a child of the head element.

### 13.3.7 Linking Modules

The Linking Modules provide a framework for relating documents to content, documents and document fragments. The Linking Modules define semantics for the a and area (anchor) elements. They define also the semantics of a set of attributes defined for these elements. The SMIL 2.0 profile includes the Linking functionality of the BasicLinking, LinkingAttributes and ObjectLinking modules.

Both the a and area elements have an href attribute, whose value must be a valid URI.

Support for URIs with XPointer fragment identifier syntax is not required.

In the SMIL 2.0 Language Profile, Linking elements can have the following attributes and content model :

Liking Module
Elements | Attributes | Content model
--- | --- | ---
a | Core, I18n, basicTiming, Test, href, sourceLevel, destinationLevel, sourcePlaystate (play | pause | stop) 'pause', destinationPlaystate (play | pause | stop) 'play', show (new | replace | pause) 'replace', accesskey, tabindex, target, external, actuate, customTest | (Schedule | MediaContent | ContentControl | Animation )*
area (anchor) | Core, I18n, basicTiming, Test, shape, coords, href, nohref, sourceLevel, destinationLevel, sourcePlaystate, destinationPlaystate, show, accesskey, tabindex, target, external, actuate, shape, fragment, skip-content, customTest | (animate | set)*

This profile adds the area and a elements to the content model of the par, seq, and excl elements of the Timing and Synchronization Modules. It also adds these elements to the content model of the body element of the Structure Module.

In the SMIL 2.0 language profile, a value of onLoad set on the attribute actuate indicates that the link is automatically traversed when the linking element becomes active. For linking elements containing SMIL timing, this is when the active duration of the linking element begins.

The attribute tabindex specifies the position of the element in the tabbing order at a particular instant for the current document. The tabbing order defines the order in which elements will receive focus when navigated by the user via an input device such as a keyboard. At any particular point in time, only active elements are taken into account for the tabbing order; inactive elements are ignored.

When a media object element has a tabindex attribute and becomes active, then its ordered tab index is inserted in the SMIL tab index at the location specified by the media object's tabindex attribute value. This assumes that the media object itself has tab indices, such as embedded HTML with tabindex attributes. This enables all link starting points in a SMIL presentation to have a place on the ordered list to be tab-keyed through, including those in embedded presentations.

For SMIL 1.0 backward compatibility, the anchor element is available but deprecated in favor of area. The anchor element supports the same attributes as area, both the new SMIL 2.0 attributes and the SMIL 1.0 attributes as defined in [SMIL10].

SMIL 1.0 backward compatibility: The show attribute value pause is deprecated in favor of setting the show attribute to new and the sourcePlaystate attribute to pause.

### 13.3.8 Media Object Modules

The Media Object Modules provide a framework for declaring media. The Media Object Modules define semantics for the ref, animation, audio, img, video, text, textstream and brush elements. The SMIL 2.0 profile includes the Media functionality of the BasicMedia, MediaClipping, MediaClipMarkers, MediaParam, BrushMedia and MediaAccessibility modules.

In the SMIL 2.0 Language Profile, media elements can have the following attributes and content model:

Media Object Module
Elements | Attributes | Content model
--- | --- | ---
text, img, audio, animation, video, ref, textstream | Core, I18n, Timing, Test, SubregionAttributes, region, fill (freeze | remove | hold | transition | auto | default), author, copyright, abstract, src, type, erase, mediaRepeat, sensitivity, tabindex, customTest, transIn, transOut, clipBegin (clip-begin), clipEnd (clip-end), readIndex | (param | area (anchor) | switch | Animation)*
brush | Core, I18n, Timing, Test, SubregionAttributes, abstract, region, fill (freeze | remove | hold | transition | auto | default), author, copyright, color, skip-content, erase, sensitivity, tabindex, customTest, transIn, transOut, readIndex | (param | area (anchor) | switch | Animation)*
param | Core, I18n, Test, name, value, valuetype (data | ref | object), type, skip-content | EMPTY

This profile adds the ref, animation, audio, img, video, text, textstream and brush elements to the content model of the par, seq, and excl elements of the Timing and Synchronization Modules. It also adds these elements to the content model of the body element of the Structure Module. It also adds these elements to the content model of the a element of the Linking Modules.

SMIL 1.0 only allowed anchor as a child element of a media element. In addition to anchor, the following elements are now allowed as children of a SMIL media object: area, param, animate, set, animateColor, animateMotion (note that the a element is not included). The switch element is allowed, with the restriction that in this case the content of the switch may only be from the same set of elements.

#### Widely Supported MIME Types

This section is informative.

The members of the W3C SYMM Working Group believe that the following MIME types will be widely supported by SMIL user agents:

- audio/basic [MIME-2]
- image/png ([PNG-MIME], [PNG-REC])
- image/jpeg ([MIME-2], [JFIF])

Implementers of SMIL user agents should thus strive to provide support for each of these types. Note, however, that this section is non-normative, and that support for these MIME types is not a precondition for conformance to this specification.

Authors are encouraged to encode media objects using one of the widely supported MIME types whenever possible. This will ensure that their SMIL documents can be played back by a wide range of SMIL user agents.

If authors use a MIME type that is not in the list of widely supported types, they should provide an alternative version encoded using a baseline format. This can be achieved by using a switch element as shown in the following example:

    <switch>
      <audio src="non-baseline-format-object" />
      <audio src="baseline-format-object" />
    </switch>

In this example, a user agent that supports the non-baseline format will play the first audio media object, and a user agent that does not support the non-baseline format will play the second media object.

#### Media Object Integration Requirements

This section is normative.

The MediaParam module defines the erase attribute, and defers definition of the "display area" to the language profile. "Display area" for the purposes of the SMIL 2.0 Language corresponds to a SMIL BasicLayout region. The effects of erase="never" apply after the active duration of the media object and any fill period (defined by SMIL Timing and Synchronization), and only until other media plays to the region targeted by the media object, or until the same media object restarts.

### 13.3.9 Metainformation Module

The Metainformation Module provides a framework for describing a document, either to inform the human user or to assist in automation. The Metainformation Module defines semantics for the meta and metadata elements. The SMIL 2.0 profile includes the Metainformation functionality of the Metainformation module.

In the SMIL 2.0 Language Profile, Metainformation elements can have the following attributes and content model :

Metainformation Module
Elements | Attributes | Content model
--- | --- | ---
meta | Core, I18n, skip-content, content (CDATA), name (CDATA) | EMPTY
metadata | Core, I18n, skip-content | EMPTY

This profile adds the meta element to the content model of the head element of the Structure Module.

The content model of metadata is empty. Profiles that extend the SMIL 2.0 language profile can define the RDF (Resource Description Framework) schema to be used in extending the content model of the metadata element. The Resource Description Framework is defined in the W3C RDF Recommendation [RDFsyntax].

### 13.3.10 Structure Module

The Structure Module provides a framework for structuring a SMIL document. The Structure Module defines semantics for the smil, head, and body elements. The SMIL 2.0 profile includes the Structure functionality of the Structure module.

In the SMIL 2.0 Language Profile, the Structure elements can have the following attributes and content model :

Structure Module
Elements | Attributes | Content model
--- | --- | ---
smil | Core, I18n, Test, xmlns | (head?,body?)
head | Core, I18n | (meta*, (customAttributes, meta*)?,(metadata, meta*)?,((layout|switch),meta*)?, (transition+, meta*)?)
body | Core, I18n, Timing, fill, abstract, author, copyright | (Schedule | MediaContent | ContentControl | a )*

The body element acts as the root element to span the timing tree. The body element has the behavior of a seq element. Timing on the body element is supported. The syncbase of the body element is the application begin time, which is implementation dependent, as is the application end time. Note that the effect of fill on the body element is between the end of the presentation and the application end time, and therefore the effect of fill is implementation dependent.

### 13.3.11 Timing and Synchronization Modules

The Timing and Synchronization Modules provide a framework for describing timing structure, timing control properties and temporal relationships between elements. The Timing and Synchronization Modules define semantics for par, seq, excl and priorityClass elements. In addition, these modules define semantics for attributes including begin, dur, end, repeat (deprecated), repeatCount, repeatDur, syncBehavior, syncTolerance, syncBehaviorDefault, syncToleranceDefault, restartDefault, fillDefault, restart, min, max. The SMIL 2.0 profile includes the Timing functionality of the BasicInlineTiming, SyncbaseTiming, EventTiming, MinMaxTiming, RepeatTiming, RepeatValueTiming, WallclockTiming, MultiArcTiming, AccessKeyTiming, BasicTimeContainers, ExclTimeContainers, RestartTiming, SyncBehavior, SyncBehaviorDefault, RestartDefault and the FillDefault modules.

In the SMIL 2.0 Language Profile, Timing and Synchronization elements can have the following attributes and content model :

Timing and Synchronization Module
Elements | Attributes | Content model
--- | --- | ---
par | Core, I18n, Timing, Test, endsync, customTest, fill (freeze | remove | hold | auto | default), abstract, author, copyright, region | (Schedule | MediaContent | ContentControl | a | Animation)*
seq | Core, I18n, Timing, Test, customTest, fill (freeze | remove | hold | auto | default), abstract, author, copyright, region | (Schedule | MediaContent | ContentControl | a | Animation *
excl | Core, I18n, Timing, Test, endsync, skip-content, customTest, fill (freeze | remove | hold | auto | default ), abstract, author, copyright, region | ((Schedule | MediaContent | ContentControl | a | Animation)* | priorityClass+)
priorityClass | Core, I18n, Test, peers ( stop | pause| defer | never ) 'stop', higher ( stop | pause ) 'pause', lower ( defer | never ) 'defer', skip-content, pauseDisplay, customTest, abstract, author, copyright | ((Schedule | MediaContent | ContentControl | a | Animation)*)

The Attribute collections Timing and basicTiming are defined as follows:

Collection Name | Attributes in Collection
--- | ---
Timing | begin, dur, end, repeat (deprecated), repeatCount, repeatDur, syncBehavior ( canSlip | locked | independent | default), syncTolerance, syncBehaviorDefault ( canSlip | locked | independent | inherit ) 'inherit', syncToleranceDefault, restartDefault (always | whenNotActive | never), fillDefault ( remove | freeze | hold | transition | auto | inherit ), restart (always | whenNotActive | never | default), min, max
basicTiming | begin, dur, end, repeat (deprecated), repeatCount, repeatDur, min, max

This profile adds the par, seq, and excl elements to the content model of the body element of the Structure Module and adds these elements to the content model of the a and area elements of the Linking Modules.

Elements of the Media Object Modules have the attributes describing timing and properties of contents.

#### Supported Event Symbols

The SMIL 2.0 Language profile specifies which types of events can be used as part of the begin and end attribute values. The supported events are described as Event-symbols according to the syntax introduced in the SMIL Timing and Synchronization module.

The supported event symbols in the SMIL 2.0 Language Profile are:

Event | example
--- | ---
focusInEvent (In DOM Level 2: "DOMFocusIn") | end="foo.focusInEvent + 3s"
focusOutEvent (In DOM Level 2: "DOMFocusOut") | begin="foo.focusOutEvent"
activateEvent (In DOM Level 2: "DOMActivate") | begin="foo.activateEvent"
beginEvent | begin="foo.beginEvent + 2s"
endEvent | end="foo.endEvent + 2s"
repeatEvent | end="foo.repeatEvent"
inBoundsEvent | end="foo.inBoundsEvent"
outOfBoundsEvent | begin="foo.outOfBoundsEvent + 5s"
topLayoutCloseEvent | end="toplayout1.topLayoutCloseEvent"
topLayoutOpenEvent | end="toplayout2.topLayoutOpenEvent+5s"

#### Event semantics

focusInEvent:
  Raised when a media element gets the keyboard focus in its rendering space, i.e., when it becomes the media element to which all subsequent keystroke-event information is passed. Once an element has the keyboard focus, it continues to have it until a user action or DOM method call either removes the focus from it or gives the focus to another media element, or until its rendering space is removed. Only one media element can have the focus at any particular time. The focusInEvent is delivered to media elements only, and does not bubble.
focusOutEvent:
  Raised when a media element loses the keyboard focus from its rendering space, i.e., when it stops being the media element to which all subsequent keystroke-event information is passed. The focusOutEvent is delivered to media elements only, and does not bubble.
activateEvent:
  Raised when a media element is activated by user input such as by a mouse click within its visible rendering space or by specific keystrokes when the element has the keyboard focus. The activateEvent is delivered to media elements only, and does not bubble.
beginEvent:
  Raised when the element actually begins playback of its active duration. If an element does not ever begin playing, this event is never raised. If an element has a repeat count, beginEvent only is raised at the beginning of the first iteration. The beginEvent is delivered to elements which support timing, such as media elements and time containers, and does not bubble.
endEvent:
  Raised when an element actually ends playback; this is when its active duration is reached or whenever a playing element is stopped. In the following example,

      <ref id="x" end="30s" src="15s.mpg" />
      <ref id="y" end="10s" src="20s.mpg" />
      <ref id="z" repeatCount="4" src="5s.mpg" />

  x.endEvent occurs at roughly 30s when the active duration is reached, y.endEvent occurs at roughly 10s when the playback of the continuous media is ended early by the active duration being reached, and z.endEvent occurs at roughly 20s when the fourth and final repeat has completed, thus reaching the end of its active duration. The endEvent is delivered to elements which support timing, such as media elements and time containers, and does not bubble.

repeatEvent:
  Fired when the second and subsequent iterations of a repeated element begin playback. An element that has no repeatDur, repeatCount, or repeat attribute but that plays two or more times due to multiple begin times will not raise a repeatEvent when it restarts. Also, children of a time container that repeats will not raise their own repeatEvents when their parent repeats and they begin playing again. The beginEvent is delivered to elements which support timing, such as media elements and time containers, and does not bubble.
inBoundsEvent:
  Raised when one of the following happens:
  - by any input from the mouse or other input device that brings the mouse cursor from outside to within the bounds of a media element's rendering space, regardless of what part, if any, of that rendering space is visible at the time, i.e., z-order is not a factor.
  - by any other action that moves the "cursor" or "pointer", as defined by the implementation, from outside to within the bounds of a media element's rendering space, regardless of what part, if any, of that rendering space is visible at the time, i.e., z-order is not a factor. An implementation may decide, for instance, to raise an inBoundsEvent on an element whenever it gets the focus, including when keystrokes give it the focus.

  A media element's bounds are restrained by the bounds of the region in which it is contained., i.e., a media element's bounds do not extend beyond its region's bounds. The inBoundsEvent is delivered to media elements only, and does not bubble.

  Note that, unlike with keyboard focus which can only be active on one object at a time, the state of being within an object's bounds can be true for multiple objects simultaneously. For instance, if one object is on top of another and the cursor is placed on top of both objects, both would have raised an inBoundsEvent more recently than the raising of any respective outOfBoundsEvent.

outOfBoundsEvent:
  Raised when one of the following happens:
  - by any input from the mouse or other input device that brings the mouse cursor from within to outside the bounds of a media element's rendering space, regardless of what part, if any, of that rendering space is visible at the time,
  - by any other action that moves the "cursor" or "pointer", as defined by the implementation, from within to outside the bounds of a media element's rendering space, regardless of what part, if any, of that rendering space is visible at the time.

  A media element's bounds are restrained by its region's bounds, i.e., a media element's bounds do not extend beyond its region's bounds. The outOfBoundsEvent is delivered to media elements only, and does not bubble.

topLayoutCloseEvent
  Raised when a topLayout closes for any reason. This event is delivered to that topLayout. If a topLayout reopens when additional media becomes active in its region(s), this event will be raised again if and when the topLayout closes again, and will be raised every subsequent time it closes. This event is delivered to topLayout elements only and does not bubble.
topLayoutOpenEvent
  Raised when a topLayout window opens. This event is delivered to that topLayout. If a topLayout closes and then reopens when additional media becomes active in its region(s), this event will be raised again, and will be raised every subsequent time it reopens. This event is delivered to topLayout elements only and does not bubble.

#### Order of raising of simultaneous events:

There will be cases where events occur simultaneously. To ensure that each SMIL 2.0 Language implementation handles them in the same order, the following order must be used to resolve ties:

1. InBoundsEvent
2. focusInEvent (should follow 1)
3. OutOfBoundsEvent
4. activateEvent (should follow 2)
5. focusOutEvent (should follow 3)
6. endEvent
7. beginEvent (must follow 6)
8. repeatEvent
9. topLayoutCloseEvent
10. topLayoutOpenEvent (must follow 9)

Events are listed in order of precedence, e.g., if event #6 in this list occurs at the same time as event #7, then #6 must be raised prior to #7.

The InBoundsEvent, focusInEvent, OutOfBoundsEvent, activateEvent, and focusOutEvent events do not bubble and are delivered to the target media element.

The beginEvent, endEvent and repeatEvent events do not bubble and are delivered to the timed element on which the event occurs.

The topLayoutOpenEvent and topLayoutCloseEvent events do not bubble and are delivered to the topLayout element on which the event occurs.

#### Extending the set of supported events

The SMIL 2.0 Language profile supports an extensible set of events. In order to resolve possible name conflicts with the events that are supported in this profile qualified event names are supported. Namespace prefixes are used to qualify the event names. As a result, the colon is reserved in begin and end attributes for qualifying event names.

For example:

    <smil ... xmlns:example="http://www.example.com">
       <img id="foo" .../>
       <audio begin="foo.example:focusInEvent".../>
        ...
    </smil>

#### Integration definitions

A SMIL document's begin time is defined as the moment a user agent begins the timeline for the overall document. A SMIL document's end time is defined as equal to the end time of the body element.

### 13.3.12 Transition Effects Modules

The Transition Modules provide a framework for describing transitions such as fades and wipes. The Transition Modules define semantics for the transition element. The SMIL 2.0 profile includes the functionality of the BasicTransitions and TransitionModifiers modules.

In the SMIL 2.0 Language Profile, Transition Effects elements have the following attributes and content model :

Transition Effects Module
Elements | Attributes | Content model
--- | --- | ---
transition | Core, I18n, Test, dur, type, subtype, startProgress, endProgress, direction, fadeColor, horzRepeat, vertRepeat, borderWidth, borderColor, skip-content, customTest | EMPTY

This profile adds the transition element to the content model of the head element of the Structure Module.

The Transition Effects Modules add transIn and transOut attributes to ref, animation, audio, img, video, text, textstream and brush elements of the Media Object Modules.

The Transition Effects Modules add the transition value to the fill attribute for all elements on which this value of the fill attribute is supported.

## 13.4 Extending the SMIL 2.0 Language

This section is normative

In the future, SMIL 2.0 Language may be extended by other W3C Recommendations, or by private extensions. For these extensions, the following rules must be obeyed:

- All elements introduced in extensions must have a skip-content attribute if it should be possible that their content is processed by SMIL 2.0 user agents.
- Private extensions must be introduced by defining a new XML namespace.

Conformant SMIL 2.0 user agents are prepared to handle documents containing extensions that obey these two rules.

## 13.5 Appendix A: SMIL 20 Document Type Definition

This section is normative.

The SMIL 2.0 Language Profile Document Type Definition is defined as a set of SMIL 2.0 modules. All SMIL 2.0 modules are integrated according to the guidelines in the W3C Note "Synchronized Multimedia Modules based upon SMIL 1.0" [SMIL-MOD], and defined within their respective module sections.

## 13.6 Appendix B: SMIL 20 XML Schema

This section is informative.

Refer to the XML Schema for the SMIL 2.0 language profile.

previous next contents