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# 15 Filter Effects

### Contents

## 15.1 Introduction

This chapter describes SVG's declarative filter effects feature set, which when combined with the 2D power of SVG can describe much of the common artwork on the web in such a way that client-side generation and alteration can be performed easily.

A filter effect consists of a series of graphics operations that are applied to a given source graphic to produce a modified graphical result. The result of the filter effect is rendered to the target device instead of the original source graphic. The following illustrates the process:

View this example as SVG (SVG-enabled browsers only)

Filter effects are defined by 'filter' elements. To apply a filter effect to a graphics element or a container element, you set the value of the 'filter' property on the given element such that it references the filter effect.

Each 'filter' element contains a set of filter primitives as its children. Each filter primitive performs a single fundamental graphical operation (e.g., a blur or a lighting effect) on one or more inputs, producing a graphical result. Because most of the filter primitives represent some form of image processing, in most cases the output from a filter primitive is a single RGBA image.

The original source graphic or the result/output from a filter primitive can be used as input into one or more other filter primitives. A common application is to use the source graphic multiple times. For example, a simple filter could replace one graphic by two by adding a black copy of original source graphic offset to create a drop shadow. In effect, there are now two layers of graphics, both with the same original source graphics.

When applied to grouping elements such as 'g', the 'filter' property applies to the contents of the group as a whole. The group's children do not render to the screen directly; instead, the graphics commands necessary to render the children are stored temporarily. Typically, the graphics commands are executed as part of the processing of the referenced 'filter' element via use of the keywords SourceGraphic or SourceAlpha.

## 15.2 An example

The following shows an example of a filter effect.

Example filters01 - introducing filter effects.

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 03December 1999//EN"
                  "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/SVG-19991203.dtd">
    <svg width="7.5cm" height="5cm" viewBox="0 0 200 120">
      <title>Example filters01.svg - introducing filter effects</title>
      <desc>An example which combines multiple filter primitives
            to produce a 3D lighting effect on a graphic consisting
            of the string "SVG" sitting on top of oval filled in red
            and surrounded by an oval outlined in red.</desc>
      <defs>
        <filter id="MyFilter">
          <desc>Produces a 3D lighting effect.</desc>
          <feGaussianBlur in="SourceAlpha" stdDeviation="4" result="blur"/>
          <feOffset in="blur" dx="4" dy="4" result="offsetBlur"/>
          <feSpecularLighting in="blur" surfaceScale="5" specularConstant="1"
                              specularExponent="10" lightColor="white"
                              result="specOut">
            <fePointLight x="-5000" y="-10000" z="20000"/>
          </feSpecularLighting>
          <feComposite in="specOut" in2="SourceAlpha" operator="in" result="specOut"/>
          <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="specOut" operator="arithmetic"
                       k1="0" k2="1" k3="1" k4="0" result="litPaint"/>
          <feMerge>
            <feMergeNode in="offsetBlur"/>
            <feMergeNode in="litPaint"/>
          </feMerge>
        </filter>
      </defs>
      <rect x="1" y="1" width="198" height="118" style="fill:#888888; stroke:blue"/>
      <g style="filter:url(#MyFilter)">
    	  <g>
          <path style="fill:none; stroke:#D90000; stroke-width:10"
                d="M50,90 C0,90 0,30 50,30 L150,30 C200,30 200,90 150,90 z" />
          <path style="fill:#D90000"
                d="M60,80 C30,80 30,40 60,40 L140,40 C170,40 170,80 140,80 z" />
          <g style="fill:#FFFFFF; stroke:black; font-size:45; font-family:Verdana">
            <text x="52" y="76">SVG</text>
          </g>
        </g>
      </g>
    </svg>

Example filters01

View this example as SVG (SVG-enabled browsers only)

The filter effect used in the example above is repeated here with reference numbers in the left column before each of the six filter primitives:

    1
    2
    3

    4
    5

    6
    <filter id="MyFilter">
      <desc>Produces a 3D lighting effect.</desc>
      <feGaussianBlur in="SourceAlpha" stdDeviation="4" result="blur"/>
      <feOffset in="blur" dx="4" dy="4" result="offsetBlur"/>
      <feSpecularLighting in="blur" surfaceScale="5" specularConstant="1"
                          specularExponent="10" lightColor="white"
                          result="specOut">
        <fePointLight x="-5000" y="-10000" z="20000"/>
      </feSpecularLighting>
      <feComposite in="specOut" in2="SourceAlpha" operator="in" result="specOut"/>
      <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="specOut" operator="arithmetic"
                   k1="0" k2="1" k3="1" k4="0" result="litPaint"/>
      <feMerge>
        <feMergeNode in="offsetBlur"/>
        <feMergeNode in="litPaint"/>
      </feMerge>
    </filter>

The following pictures show the intermediate image results from each of the six filter elements:

Source graphic |  | After filter primitive 1 |  | After filter primitive 2 |  | After filter primitive 3
|  | After filter primitive 4 |  | After filter primitive 5 |  | After filter primitive 6

1. Filter primitive 'feGaussianBlur' takes input SourceAlpha, which is the alpha channel of the source graphic. The result is stored in a temporary buffer named "blur". Note that "blur" is used as input to both filter primitives 2 and 3.
2. Filter primitive 'feOffset' takes buffer "blur", shifts the result in a positive direction in both x and y, and creates a new buffer named "offsetBlur". The effect is that of a drop shadow.
3. Filter primitive 'feSpecularLighting', uses buffer "blur" as a model of a surface elevation and generates a lighting effect from a single point source. The result is stored in buffer "specOut".
4. Filter primitive 'feComposite' masks out the result of filter primitive 3 by the original source graphics alpha channel so that the intermediate result is no bigger than the original source graphic.

5. Filter primitive 'feComposite' composites the result of the specular lighting with the original source graphic.

6. Filter primitive 'feMerge' composites two layers together. The lower layer consists of the drop shadow result from filter primitive 2. The upper layer consists of the specular lighting result from filter primitive 5.

## 15.3 The 'filter' element

The description of the 'filter' elements is as follows:

    <!ENTITY % filterExt "" >
    <!ELEMENT filter (feBlend|feFlood|
      feColorMatrix|feComponentTransfer|
      feComposite|feConvolveMatrix|feDiffuseLighting|feDisplacementMap|
      feGaussianBlur|feImage|feMerge|
      feMorphology|feOffset|feSpecularLighting|
      feTile|feTurbulence|
      animate|set
      %filterExt;)* >
    <!ATTLIST filter
      %stdAttrs;
      %langSpaceAttrs;
      filterUnits (userSpace | userSpaceOnUse | objectBoundingBox) "userSpace"
      x %Coordinate; #IMPLIED
      y %Coordinate; #IMPLIED
      width %Length; #IMPLIED
      height %Length; #IMPLIED
      filterRes CDATA #IMPLIED
      %xlinkRefAttrs;
      xlink:href %URI; #IMPLIED
      externalResourcesRequired %Boolean; #IMPLIED >

Attribute definitions:

filterUnits = "userSpace | userSpaceOnUse | objectBoundingBox"
  See Filter effects region.
x = "x-coordinate"
  See Filter effects region.
y = "y-coordinate"
  See Filter effects region.
width = "length"
  See Filter effects region.
height = "length"
  See Filter effects region.
filterRes = "<number> [<number>]"
  See Filter effects region.
xlink:href = "<uri>"
  A URI reference to another 'filter' element within the current SVG document fragment. Any attributes which are defined on the referenced 'filter' element which are not defined on this element are inherited by this element. If this element has no defined filter nodes, and the referenced element has defined filter nodes (possibly due to its own href attribute), then this element inherits the filter nodes defined from the referenced 'filter' element. Inheritance can be indirect to an arbitrary level; thus, if the referenced 'filter' element inherits attribute or its filter node specification due to its own href attribute, then the current element can inherit those attributes or filter node specifications.
  Animatable: yes.

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %langSpaceAttrs;, %xlinkRefAttrs;.

## 15.4 The 'filter' property

The description of the 'filter' property is as follows:

'filter'

  Value: | <uri> | none | inherit
  Initial: | none
  Applies to: | graphics and container elements
  Inherited: | no
  Percentages: | N/A
  Media: | visual
  Animatable: | yes

<uri>
  A URI reference to a 'filter' element which defines the filter effects that shall be applied to this element.
none
  Do not apply any filter effects to this element.

## 15.5 Filter effects region

A 'filter' element can define a region on the canvas on which a given filter effect applies and can provide a resolution for any intermediate continuous tone images used to process any raster-based filter primitives. The 'filter' element has the following attributes which work together to define the filter effects region:

- filterUnits={ userSpace | userSpaceOnUse | objectBoundingBox }. Defines the coordinate system for attributes x, y, width, height.
  If filterUnits="userSpace" (the default), x, y, width, height and any length values within the filter definitions represent values in the current user coordinate system in place at the time when the 'filter' element is defined.
  If filterUnits="userSpaceOnUse", x, y, width, height and any length values within the filter definitions represent values in the current user coordinate system in place at the time when the 'filter' element is referenced (i.e., the user coordinate system for the element referencing the 'filter' element via a 'filter' property).
  If filterUnits="objectBoundingBox", then x, y, width, height and any length values within the filter definitions represent values in an abstract coordinate system where (0,0) is the (minx,miny) in user space of the tight bounding box of the object referencing the filter, and (1,1) is the (maxx,maxy) corner of the bounding box. (Note: the bounding box represents the maximum extent of the shape of the object in X and Y with respect to the user coordinate system of the object exclusive of stroke-width.)
- x, y, width, height, which indicate the rectangle for the largest possible offscreen buffer, where the values are either relative to the current user coordinate system (if filterUnits="userSpace") or relative to the current object (if filterUnits="target-object"). Note that the clipping path used to render any graphics within the filter will consists of the intersection of the current clipping path associated with the given object and the rectangle defined by x, y, width, height. The default values for x, y, width, height are 0%, 0%, 100% and 100%, respectively.
- filterRes (which has the form `x-pixels [y-pixels])` indicates the width/height of the intermediate images in pixels. If not provided, then a reasonable default resolution appropriate for the target device will be used. (For displays, an appropriate display resolution, preferably the current display's pixel resolution, is the default. For printing, an appropriate common printer resolution, such as 400dpi, is the default.)

For performance reasons on display devices, it is recommended that the filter effect region is designed to match pixel-for-pixel with the background.

It is often necessary to provide padding space because the filter effect might impact bits slightly outside the tight-fitting bounding box on a given object. For these purposes, it is possible to provide negative percentage values for x, y and percentages values greater than 100% for width, height. For example, x="-10%" y="-10%" width="120%" height="120%".

## 15.6 Accessing the background image

Two possible pseudo input images for filter effects are BackgroundImage and BackgroundAlpha, which each represent an image snapshot of the canvas under the filter region at the time that the <filter> element is invoked. BackgroundImage represents both the color values and alpha channel of the canvas (i.e., RGBA pixel values), whereas BackgroundAlpha represents only the alpha channel.

Implementations of SVG user agents often will need to maintain supplemental background image buffers in order to support the BackgroundImage and BackgroundAlpha pseudo input images. Sometimes, the background image buffers will contain an in-memory copy of the accumulated painting operations on the current canvas.

Because in-memory image buffers can take up significant system resources, SVG content must explicitly indicate to the SVG user agent that the document needs access to the background image before BackgroundImage and BackgroundAlpha pseudo input images can be used. The property which enables access to the background image is 'enable-background':

'enable-background'

  Value: | accumulate | new [ ( <x> <y> <width> <height> ) ] | inherit
  Initial: | accumulate
  Applies to: | container elements
  Inherited: | no
  Percentages: | N/A
  Media: | visual
  Animatable: | no

'enable-background' is only applicable to container elements and specifies how the SVG user agents manages the accumulation of the background image.

A value of new indicates two things:

- It enables the ability of children of the current container element to access the background image.
- It indicates that a new (i.e., initially fully transparent) background image canvas is established and that (in effect) all children of the current container element shall be rendered into the new background image canvas in addition to being rendered onto the target device.

A meaning of enable-background: accumulate (the initial/default value) depends on context:

- If an ancestor container element has a property value of 'enable-background:new', then all graphics elements within the current container element are rendered both onto the parent container element's background image canvas and onto the target device.
- Otherwise, there is no current background image canvas, so it is only necessary to render graphics elements onto the target device. (No need to render to the background image canvas.)

If a filter effect specifies either the BackgroundImage or the BackgroundAlpha pseudo input images and no ancestor container element has a property value of 'enable-background:new', then the background image request is technically in error. Processing will proceed without interruption (i.e., no error message) and a fully transparent image shall be provided in response to the request.

The optional (<x>,<y>,<width>,<height>) parameters on the new value indicate the sub-region of user space where access to the background image is allowed to happen. These parameters enable the SVG user agent potentially to allocate smaller temporary image buffers than the default values, which might require the SVG user agent to allocate buffers as large as the current viewport. Thus, the values <x>,<y>,<width>,<height> act as a clipping rectangle on the background image canvas.

## 15.7 Filter primitives overview

### 15.7.1 Overview

This section describes the various filter primtives that can be assembed to achieve a particular filter effect.

Unless otherwise stated, all image filters operate on linear premultiplied RGBA samples. Filters which work more naturally on non premultiplied data (feColorMatrix and feComponentTransfer) will temporarily undo and redo premultiplication as specified. All raster effect filtering operations take 1 to N input RGBA images, additional attributes as parameters, and produce a single output RGBA image.

### 15.7.2 Common attributes

The following attributes are available for most of the filter primitives:

    <!ENTITY % filter_primitive_attributes
      "x %Coordinate; #IMPLIED
       y %Coordinate; #IMPLIED
       width %Length; #IMPLIED
       height %Length; #IMPLIED
       result CDATA #IMPLIED" >

    <!ENTITY % filter_primitive_attributes_with_in
      "%filter_primitive_attributes;
       in CDATA #IMPLIED">

Attribute definitions:

x = "<coordinate>"
  The minimum x coordinate for the sub-region which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive. See filter region sub-region.
y = "<coordinate>"
  The minimum y coordinate for the sub-region which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive. See filter region sub-region.
width = "<length>"
  The width of the sub-region which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive. See filter region sub-region.
height = "<length>"
  The height of the sub-region which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive. See filter region sub-region.
result = "<filter-primitive-reference>"
  Assigned name for this filter primitive. If supplied, then graphics that results from processing this filter primitive can be referenced by an in attribute on a subsequent filter primitive within the same 'filter' element. If no value is provided, the output will only be available for re-use as the implicit input into the next filter primitive if that filter primitive provides no value for its in attribute.
  Note that a <filter-primitive-reference> is not an XML ID; instead, a <filter-primitive-reference> is only are meaningful within a given 'filter' element and thus have only local scope. It is legal for the same <filter-primitive-reference> to appear multiple times within the same 'filter' element. When referenced, the <filter-primitive-reference> will use the closest preceding filter primitive with the given result.
in = "SourceGraphic | SourceAlpha | BackgroundImage | BackgroundAlpha | FillPaint | StrokePaint | <filter-primitive-reference>"
  Identifies input for the given filter primitive. The value can be either one of six keywords or can be a string which matches a previous result attribute value within the same 'filter' element. If no value is provided and this is the first filter primitive, then this filter primitive will use SourceGraphic as its input. If no value is provided and this is a subsequent filter primitive, then this filter primitive will use the result from the previous filter primitive as its input.
  If the value for result appears multiple times within a given 'filter' element, then a reference to that result will use the closest preceding filter primitive with the given value for attribute result. Forward references to results are an error.
  Definitions for the six keywords:
  SourceGraphic
    This keyword represents the graphics elements that were the original input into the 'filter' element. For raster effects filter primitives, the graphics elements will be rasterized into an initially clear RGBA raster in image space. Pixels left untouched by the original graphic will be left clear. The image is specified to be rendered in linear RGBA pixels. The alpha channel of this image captures any anti-aliasing specified by SVG. (Since the raster is linear, the alpha channel of this image will represent the exact percent coverage of each pixel.)
  SourceAlpha
    This keyword represents the graphics elements that were the original input into the 'filter' element. SourceAlpha has all of the same rules as SourceGraphic except that only the alpha channel is used. The color channels of the input image are implicitly black and are unaffected by any image processing operations. The SourceAlpha image will reflect any opacity settings in the SourceGraphic. If this option is used, then some implementations might need to rasterize the graphics elements in order to extract the alpha channel.
  BackgroundImage
    This keyword represents an image snapshot of the canvas under the filter region at the time that the 'filter' element was invoked. See Accessing the background image.
  BackgroundAlpha
    Same as BackgroundImage except only the alpha channel is used. See SourceAlpha and Accessing the background image.
  FillPaint
    This keyword represents the value of the 'fill' property on the target element for the filter effect. The FillPaint image has conceptually infinite extent. Frequently this image is opaque everywhere, but it might not be if the "paint" itself has alpha, as in the case of an alpha gradient or transparent pattern.
  StrokePaint
    This keyword represents the value of the 'stroke' property on the target element for the filter effect. Same as The StrokePaint image has conceptually infinite extent. Frequently this image is opaque everywhere, but it might not be if the "paint" itself has alpha, as in the case of an alpha gradient or transparent pattern.

### 15.7.3 Filter primitive sub-region

All filter primitives have attributes x, y, width and height which identify a sub-region which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive. These attributes are defined according to the same rules as other filter primitives coordinate and length attributes.

x, y, width and height default to the union (i.e., tightest fitting bounding box) of the sub-regions defined for all referenced nodes. If there are no referenced nodes (e.g., for 'feImage' or 'feTurbulence', which have no specified value for in, or if in="SourceGraphic") or for feTile (which is special), the default subregion is 0%,0%,100%,100%, where percentages are relative to the dimensions of the filter region.

x, y, width and height act as a hard clip clipping rectangle.

All intermediate offscreens are defined to not exceed the intersection of x, y, width and height with the filter region. The filter region and any of the x, y, width and height sub-regions are to be set up such that all offscreens are made big enough to accommodate any pixels which even partly intersect with either the filter region or the x,y,width,height subregions.

'feImage' scales the referenced image to fit exactly into the sub-region specified by x, y, width and height.

'feTile' references a previous filter primitive and then stitches the tiles together based on the x, y, width and height values of the referenced filter primitive.

## 15.8 Filter primitive 'feBlend'

This filter composites two objects together using commonly used imaging software blending modes. It performs a pixel-wise combination of two input images.

    <!ELEMENT feBlend (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feBlend
      %stdAttrs;
      %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;
      mode (normal | multiply | screen | darken | lighten) "normal"
      in2 CDATA #REQUIRED >

Attribute definitions:

mode = "normal | multiply | screen | darken | lighten"
  One of the image blending modes (see table below). Default is: normal
in2 = "(see in attribute)"
  The second input image to the blending operation. This attribute can take on the same values as the in attribute.

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;.

For all feBlend modes, the result opacity is computed as follows:

    qr = 1 - (1-qa)*(1-qb)

For the compositing formulas below, the following definitions apply:

    cr = Result color (RGB) - premultiplied
    qa = Opacity value at a given pixel for image A
    qb = Opacity value at a given pixel for image B
    ca = Color (RGB) at a given pixel for image A - premultiplied
    cb = Color (RGB) at a given pixel for image B - premultiplied

The following table provides the list of available image blending modes:

Image Blending Mode | Formula for computing result color
normal | cr = (1 - qa) * cb + ca
multiply | cr = (1-qa)*cb + (1-qb)*ca + ca*cb
screen | cr = cb + ca - ca * cb
darken | cr = Min ((1 - qa) * cb + ca, (1 - qb) * ca + cb)
lighten | cr = Max ((1 - qa) * cb + ca, (1 - qb) * ca + cb)

Example feBlend shows examples of the five blend modes.

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 20000303 Stylable//EN"
              "http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/03/WD-SVG-20000303/DTD/svg-20000303-stylable.dtd">
    <svg width="5cm" height="5cm" viewBox="0 0 500 500">
      <title>Example feBlend - Examples of feBlend modes</title>
      <desc>Five text strings blended into a gradient,
            with one text string for each of the five feBlend modes.</desc>
      <defs>
        <linearGradient id="MyGradient" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
                x1="100" y1="0" x2="300" y2="0">
          <stop offset="0" style="stop-color:#000000"/>
          <stop offset=".33" style="stop-color:#ffffff"/>
          <stop offset=".67" style="stop-color:#ff0000"/>
          <stop offset="1" style="stop-color:#808080"/>
        </linearGradient>
        <filter id="Normal">
          <feBlend mode="normal" in2="BackgroundImage" in="SourceGraphic"/>
        </filter>
        <filter id="Multiply">
          <feBlend mode="multiply" in2="BackgroundImage" in="SourceGraphic"/>
        </filter>
        <filter id="Screen">
          <feBlend mode="screen" in2="BackgroundImage" in="SourceGraphic"/>
        </filter>
        <filter id="Darken">
          <feBlend mode="darken" in2="BackgroundImage" in="SourceGraphic"/>
        </filter>
        <filter id="Lighten">
          <feBlend mode="lighten" in2="BackgroundImage" in="SourceGraphic"/>
        </filter>
      </defs>
      <rect style="fill:none; stroke:blue"
            x="1" y="1" width="498" height="498"/>
      <g style="enable-background: new">
        <rect x="100" y="20" width="300" height="460" style="fill:url(#MyGradient)"/>
        <g style="font-family:Verdana; font-size:75; fill:#888888; fill-opacity:.6">
          <text x="50" y="90" style="filter:url(#Normal)">Normal</text>
          <text x="50" y="180" style="filter:url(#Multiply)">Multiply</text>
          <text x="50" y="270" style="filter:url(#Screen)">Screen</text>
          <text x="50" y="360" style="filter:url(#Darken)">Darken</text>
          <text x="50" y="450" style="filter:url(#Lighten)">Lighten</text>
        </g>
      </g>
    </svg>

Example feBlend

View this example as SVG (SVG-enabled browsers only)

## 15.9 Filter primitive 'feColorMatrix'

This filter applies a matrix transformation:

    | R' |     | a00 a01 a02 a03 a04 |   | R |

    | G' |     | a10 a11 a12 a13 a14 |   | G |

    | B' |  =  | a20 a21 a22 a23 a24 | * | B |

    | A' |     | a30 a31 a32 a33 a34 |   | A |

    | 1  |     |  0   0   0   0   1  |   | 1 |

on the RGBA color and alpha values of every pixel on the input graphics to produce a result with a new set of RGBA color and alpha values.

The calculations are performed on non-premultiplied color values. If the input graphics consists of premultiplied color values, those values are automatically converted into non-premultiplied color values for this operation.

These matrices often perform an identity mapping in the alpha channel. If that is the case, an implementation can avoid the costly undoing & redoing of the premultiplication for all pixels with A = 1.

    <!ELEMENT feColorMatrix (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feColorMatrix
      %stdAttrs;
      %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;
      type (matrix | saturate | hueRotate | luminanceToAlpha) "matrix"
      values CDATA #IMPLIED >

Attribute definitions:

type = "matrix | saturate | hueRotate | luminanceToAlpha"
  Indicates the type of matrix operation. The keyword matrix indicates that a full 5x4 matrix of values will be provided. The other keywords represent convenience shortcuts to allow commonly used color operations to be performed without specifying a complete matrix.
values = "list of <number>s"
  The contents of values depends on the value of attribute type:
  - For type="matrix", values is a space-separated list of 20 element color transform (a00 a01 a02 a03 a04 a10 a11 ... a34). For example, the identity matrix could be expressed as:

        type="matrix"
        values="1 0 0 0 0  0 1 0 0 0  0 0 1 0 0  0 0 0 1 0"

  - For type="saturate", values is single real number value (0 to 1) or one percentage value (e.g., 50%). A saturate operation is equivalent to the following matrix operation:

        | R' |     |0.213+0.787s  0.715-0.715s  0.072-0.072s 0  0 |   | R |

        | G' |     |0.213-0.213s  0.715+0.285s  0.072-0.072s 0  0 |   | G |

        | B' |  =  |0.213-0.213s  0.715-0.715s  0.072+0.928s 0  0 | * | B |

        | A' |     |           0            0             0  1  0 |   | A |

        | 1  |     |           0            0             0  0  1 |   | 1 |

  - For type="hueRotate", values is single one real number value (degrees). A hueRotate operation is equivalent to the following matrix operation:

        | R' |     | a00  a01  a02  0  0 |   | R |

        | G' |     | a10  a11  a12  0  0 |   | G |

        | B' |  =  | a20  a21  a22  0  0 | * | B |

        | A' |     | 0    0    0    1  0 |   | A |

        | 1  |     | 0    0    0    0  1 |   | 1 |

    where the terms a00, a01, etc. are calculated as follows:

        | a01 a01 a02 |    [+0.213 +0.715 +0.072]
        | a10 a11 a12 | =  [+0.213 +0.715 +0.072] +
        | a20 a21 a22 |    [+0.213 +0.715 +0.072]

                                [+0.787 -0.715 -0.072]
        cos(hueRotate value) *  [-0.212 +0.285 -0.072] +
                                [-0.213 -0.715 +0.928]

                                [-0.213 -0.715+0.928]
        sin(hueRotate value) *  [+0.143 +0.140-0.283]
                                [-0.787 +0.715+0.072]

    Thus, the upper left term of the hue matrix turns out to be:

        .213 + cos(hueRotate value)*.787 - sin(hueRotate value)*.213

  - For type="luminanceToAlpha", values is not applicable. A luminanceToAlpha operation is equivalent to the following matrix operation:

           | R' |     |      0        0        0  0  0 |   | R |

           | G' |     |      0        0        0  0  0 |   | G |

           | B' |  =  |      0        0        0  0  0 | * | B |

           | A' |     |  0.299    0.587    0.114  0  0 |   | A |

           | 1  |     |      0        0        0  0  1 |   | 1 |

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;.

Example feColorMatrix shows examples of the four types of feColorMatrix operations.

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 20000303 Stylable//EN"
              "http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/03/WD-SVG-20000303/DTD/svg-20000303-stylable.dtd">
    <svg width="8cm" height="5cm" viewBox="0 0 800 500">
      <title>Example feColorMatrix - Examples of feColorMatrix operations</title>
      <desc>Five text strings showing the effects of feColorMatrix:
            an unfiltered text string acting as a reference,
            use of the feColorMatrix matrix option to convert to grayscale,
            use of the feColorMatrix saturate option,
            use of the feColorMatrix hueRotate option,
            and use of the feColorMatrix luminanceToAlpha option.</desc>
      <defs>
        <linearGradient id="MyGradient" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
                x1="100" y1="0" x2="500" y2="0">
          <stop offset="0" style="stop-color:#ff00ff"/>
          <stop offset=".33" style="stop-color:#88ff88"/>
          <stop offset=".67" style="stop-color:#2020ff"/>
          <stop offset="1" style="stop-color:#d00000"/>
        </linearGradient>
        <filter id="Matrix" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox"
                x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
          <feColorMatrix type="matrix" in="SourceGraphic"
               values=".33 .33 .33 0 0
                       .33 .33 .33 0 0
                       .33 .33 .33 0 0
                       .33 .33 .33 0 0"/>
        </filter>
        <filter id="Saturate40" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox"
                x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
          <feColorMatrix type="saturate" in="SourceGraphic" values="40%"/>
        </filter>
        <filter id="HueRotate90" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox"
                x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
          <feColorMatrix type="hueRotate" in="SourceGraphic" values="90"/>
        </filter>
        <filter id="LuminanceToAlpha" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox"
                x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
          <feColorMatrix type="luminanceToAlpha" in="SourceGraphic" result="a"/>
          <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="a" operator="in" />
        </filter>
      </defs>
      <rect style="fill:none; stroke:blue"
            x="1" y="1" width="798" height="498"/>
      <g style="font-family:Verdana; font-size:75;
                font-weight:bold; fill:url(#MyGradient)">
        <rect x="100" y="0" width="500" height="20" />
        <text x="100" y="90">Unfiltered</text>
        <text x="100" y="190" style="filter:url(#Matrix)">Matrix</text>
        <text x="100" y="290" style="filter:url(#Saturate20)">Saturate</text>
        <text x="100" y="390" style="filter:url(#HueRotate90)">HueRotate</text>
        <text x="100" y="490" style="filter:url(#LuminanceToAlpha)">Luminance</text>
      </g>
    </svg>

Example feColorMatrix

View this example as SVG (SVG-enabled browsers only)

## 15.10 Filter primitive 'feComponentTransfer'

This filter primitive performs component-wise remapping of data as follows:

    R' = feFuncR( R )
    G' = feFuncG( G )
    B' = feFuncB( B )
    A' = feFuncA( A )

for every pixel. It allows operations like brightness adjustment, contrast adjustment, color balance or thresholding.

The calculations are performed on non-premultiplied color values. If the input graphics consists of premultiplied color values, those values are automatically converted into non-premultiplied color values for this operation. (Note that the undoing and redoing of the premultiplication can be avoided if feFuncA is the identity transform and all alpha values on the source graphic are set to 1.)

    <!ENTITY % component_transfer_function_attributes
      "type (identity | table | linear | gamma) #REQUIRED
       tableValues CDATA #IMPLIED
       slope %Number; #IMPLIED
       intercept %Number; #IMPLIED
       amplitude %Number; #IMPLIED
       exponent %Number; #IMPLIED
       offset %Number; #IMPLIED" >

    <!ELEMENT feComponentTransfer (feFuncR?,feFuncG?,feFuncB?,feFuncA?) >
    <!ATTLIST feComponentTransfer
      %stdAttrs;
      %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in; >

    <!ELEMENT feFuncR (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feFuncR
      %stdAttrs;
      %component_transfer_function_attributes; >

    <!ELEMENT feFuncG (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feFuncG
      %stdAttrs;
      %component_transfer_function_attributes; >

    <!ELEMENT feFuncB (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feFuncB
      %stdAttrs;
      %component_transfer_function_attributes; >

    <!ELEMENT feFuncA (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feFuncA
      %stdAttrs;
      %component_transfer_function_attributes; >

The specification of the transfer functions is defined by the sub-elements to 'feComponentTransfer':
  'feFuncR', transfer function for red component of the input graphic
  'feFuncG', transfer function for green component of the input graphic
  'feFuncB', transfer function for blue component of the input graphic
  'feFuncA', transfer function for alpha component of the input graphic

The attributes below apply to sub-elements 'feFuncR', 'feFuncG', 'feFuncB' and 'feFuncA' define the transfer functions.

Attribute definitions:

type = "identity | table | linear | gamma"

  Indicates the type of component transfer function. The type of function determines the applicability of the other attributes.

  - For identity:

        C' = C

  - For table, the function is defined by linear interpolation into a lookup table defined by attribute tableValues. Interpolations use the following formula:

        k/N <= C < (k+1)/N => C' = vk + (C - k/N)*N * (vk+1 - vk)

  - For linear, the function is defined by the following linear equation:

        C' = slope * C + intercept

  - For gamma, the function is defined by the following exponential function:

        C' = amplitude * pow(C, exponent) + offset

tableValues = "(list of <number>s)"
  When type="table", the list of <number>s v0,v1,...vn which define the lookup table.
slope = "<number>"
  When type="linear", the slope of the linear function.
intercept = "<number>"
  When type="linear", the intercept of the linear function.
amplitude = "<number>"
  When type="gamma", the amplitude of the gamma function.
exponent = "<number>"
  When type="gamma", the exponent of the gamma function.
offset = "<number>"
  When type="gamma", the offset of the gamma function.

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;.

Example feComponentTransfer shows examples of the four types of feComponentTransfer operations.

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 20000303 Stylable//EN"
              "http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/03/WD-SVG-20000303/DTD/svg-20000303-stylable.dtd">
    <svg width="8cm" height="4cm" viewBox="0 0 800 400">
      <title>Example feComponentTransfer - Examples of feComponentTransfer operations</title>
      <desc>Four text strings showing the effects of feComponentTransfer:
            an identity function acting as a reference,
            use of the feComponentTransfer table option,
            use of the feComponentTransfer linear option,
            and use of the feComponentTransfer gamma option.</desc>
      <defs>
        <linearGradient id="MyGradient" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
                x1="100" y1="0" x2="600" y2="0">
          <stop offset="0" style="stop-color:#ff0000"/>
          <stop offset=".33" style="stop-color:#00ff00"/>
          <stop offset=".67" style="stop-color:#0000ff"/>
          <stop offset="1" style="stop-color:#000000"/>
        </linearGradient>
        <filter id="Identity" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox"
                x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
          <feComponentTransfer>
            <feFuncR type="identity"/>
            <feFuncG type="identity"/>
            <feFuncB type="identity"/>
            <feFuncA type="identity"/>
          </feComponentTransfer>
        </filter>
        <filter id="Table" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox"
                x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
          <feComponentTransfer>
            <feFuncR type="table" tableValues="0 0 1 1"/>
            <feFuncG type="table" tableValues="1 1 0 0"/>
            <feFuncB type="table" tableValues="0 1 1 0"/>
          </feComponentTransfer>
        </filter>
        <filter id="Linear" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox"
                x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
          <feComponentTransfer>
            <feFuncR type="linear" slope=".5" intercept=".25"/>
            <feFuncG type="linear" slope=".5" intercept="0"/>
            <feFuncB type="linear" slope=".5" intercept=".5"/>
          </feComponentTransfer>
        </filter>
        <filter id="Gamma" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox"
                x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
          <feComponentTransfer>
            <feFuncR type="gamma" amplitude="2" exponent="5" offset="0"/>
            <feFuncG type="gamma" amplitude="2" exponent="3" offset="0"/>
            <feFuncB type="gamma" amplitude="2" exponent="1" offset="0"/>
          </feComponentTransfer>
        </filter>
      </defs>
      <rect style="fill:none; stroke:blue"
            x="1" y="1" width="798" height="398"/>
      <g style="font-family:Verdana; font-size:75;
                font-weight:bold; fill:url(#MyGradient)">
        <rect x="100" y="0" width="600" height="20" />
        <text x="100" y="90">Identity</text>
        <text x="100" y="190" style="filter:url(#Table)">TableLookup</text>
        <text x="100" y="290" style="filter:url(#Linear)">LinearFunc</text>
        <text x="100" y="390" style="filter:url(#Gamma)">GammaFunc</text>
      </g>
    </svg>

Example feComponentTransfer

View this example as SVG (SVG-enabled browsers only)

## 15.11 Filter primitive 'feComposite'

This filter performs the combination of the two input images pixel-wise in image space using one of the Porter-Duff [PORTERDUFF] compositing operations: over, in, atop, out, xor. Additionally, a component-wise arithmetic operation (with the result clamped between [0..1]) can be applied.

The arithmetic operation is useful for combining the output from the 'feDiffuseLighting' and 'feSpecularLighting' filters with texture data. It is also useful for implementing dissolve. If the arithmetic operation is chosen, each result pixel is computed using the following formula:

    result = k1*i1*i2 + k2*i1 + k3*i2 + k4

For these operations, the extent of the resulting image can be affected. In other words, even if two images do not overlap in image space, the extent for over will essentially include the union of the extents of the two input images.

    <!ELEMENT feComposite (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feComposite
      %stdAttrs;
      %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;
      operator (over | in | out | atop | xor | arithmetic) "over"
      k1 %Integer; #IMPLIED
      k2 %Integer; #IMPLIED
      k3 %Integer; #IMPLIED
      k4 %Integer; #IMPLIED
      in2 CDATA #REQUIRED >

Attribute definitions:

operator = "over | in | out | atop | xor | arithmetic"
  Not yet written.
k1 = "<integer>"
  Either 0 or 1. Only applicable if operator="arithmetic". The default value is 0.
k2 = "<integer>"
  Either 0 or 1. Only applicable if operator="arithmetic". The default value is 0.
k3 = "<integer>"
  Either 0 or 1. Only applicable if operator="arithmetic". The default value is 0.
k4 = "<integer>"
  Either 0 or 1. Only applicable if operator="arithmetic". The default value is 0.
in2 = "(see in attribute)"
  The second input image to the compositing operation. This attribute can take on the same values as the in attribute.

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;.

Example feComposite shows examples of the four types of feComposite operations.

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 20000303 Stylable//EN"
              "http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/03/WD-SVG-20000303/DTD/svg-20000303-stylable.dtd">
    <svg width="11cm" height="3.25cm" viewBox="0 0 1100 325">
      <title>Example feComposite - Examples of feComposite operations</title>
      <desc>Six pairs of overlapping triangles depicting
            the six different feComposite operators.</desc>
    	<defs>
        <path id="Blue100" d="M 0 0 L 100 0 L 100 100 z" style="fill:#00ffff"/>
        <path id="Red100" d="M 0 0 L 0 100 L 100 0 z" style="fill:#ff00ff"/>
        <path id="Blue50" d="M 0 125 L 100 125 L 100 225 z" style="fill:#00ffff; fill-opacity:.5"/>
        <path id="Red50" d="M 0 125 L 0 225 L 100 125 z" style="fill:#ff00ff; fill-opacity:.5"/>
        <filter id="over" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
          <feFlood style="flood-color:#ffffff; flood-opacity:1" result="flood"/>
          <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" operator="over" result="comp"/>
          <feMerge> <feMergeNode in="flood"/> <feMergeNode in="comp"/> </feMerge>
        </filter>
        <filter id="in" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
          <feFlood style="flood-color:#ffffff; flood-opacity:1" result="flood"/>
          <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" operator="in" result="comp"/>
          <feMerge> <feMergeNode in="flood"/> <feMergeNode in="comp"/> </feMerge>
        </filter>
        <filter id="out" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
          <feFlood style="flood-color:#ffffff; flood-opacity:1" result="flood"/>
          <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" operator="out" result="comp"/>
          <feMerge> <feMergeNode in="flood"/> <feMergeNode in="comp"/> </feMerge>
        </filter>
        <filter id="atop" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
          <feFlood style="flood-color:#ffffff; flood-opacity:1" result="flood"/>
          <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" operator="atop" result="comp"/>
          <feMerge> <feMergeNode in="flood"/> <feMergeNode in="comp"/> </feMerge>
        </filter>
        <filter id="xor" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
          <feFlood style="flood-color:#ffffff; flood-opacity:1" result="flood"/>
          <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" operator="xor" result="comp"/>
          <feMerge> <feMergeNode in="flood"/> <feMergeNode in="comp"/> </feMerge>
        </filter>
        <filter id="arithmetic" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox"
                x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
          <feFlood style="flood-color:#ffffff; flood-opacity:1" result="flood"/>
          <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" result="comp"
                       operator="arithmetic" k1=".5" k2=".5" k3=".5" k4=".5"/>
          <feMerge> <feMergeNode in="flood"/> <feMergeNode in="comp"/> </feMerge>
        </filter>
      </defs>
      <rect style="fill:none; stroke:blue" x="1" y="1" width="1098" height="323"/>
      <g style="font-family:Verdana; font-size:40; shape-rendering:crispEdges">
        <text x="15" y="75">opacity 1.0</text>
        <text x="15" y="200">opacity 0.5</text>
        <g transform="translate(275,25)" style="enable-background:new">
          <use xlink:href="#Blue100"/>
          <use xlink:href="#Red100" style="filter:url(#over)"/>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(275,25)" style="enable-background:new">
          <use xlink:href="#Blue50"/>
          <use xlink:href="#Red50" style="filter:url(#over)"/>
          <text x="5" y="275">over</text>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(400,25)" style="enable-background:new">
          <use xlink:href="#Blue100"/>
          <use xlink:href="#Red100" style="filter:url(#in)"/>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(400,25)" style="enable-background:new">
          <use xlink:href="#Blue50"/>
          <use xlink:href="#Red50" style="filter:url(#in)"/>
          <text x="35" y="275">in</text>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(525,25)" style="enable-background:new">
          <use xlink:href="#Blue100"/>
          <use xlink:href="#Red100" style="filter:url(#out)"/>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(525,25)" style="enable-background:new">
          <use xlink:href="#Blue50"/>
          <use xlink:href="#Red50" style="filter:url(#out)"/>
          <text x="15" y="275">out</text>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(650,25)" style="enable-background:new">
          <use xlink:href="#Blue100"/>
          <use xlink:href="#Red100" style="filter:url(#atop)"/>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(650,25)" style="enable-background:new">
          <use xlink:href="#Blue50"/>
          <use xlink:href="#Red50" style="filter:url(#atop)"/>
          <text x="10" y="275">atop</text>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(775,25)" style="enable-background:new">
          <use xlink:href="#Blue100"/>
          <use xlink:href="#Red100" style="filter:url(#xor)"/>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(775,25)" style="enable-background:new">
          <use xlink:href="#Blue50"/>
          <use xlink:href="#Red50" style="filter:url(#xor)"/>
          <text x="15" y="275">xor</text>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(900,25)" style="enable-background:new">
          <use xlink:href="#Blue100"/>
          <use xlink:href="#Red100" style="filter:url(#arithmetic)"/>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(900,25)" style="enable-background:new">
          <use xlink:href="#Blue50"/>
          <use xlink:href="#Red50" style="filter:url(#arithmetic)"/>
          <text x="-25" y="275">arithmetic</text>
        </g>
      </g>
    </svg>

Example feComposite

View this example as SVG (SVG-enabled browsers only)

## 15.12 Filter primitive 'feConvolveMatrix'

feConvolveMatrix applies a matrix convolution filter effect. A convolution combines pixels in the source image with neighboring pixels to produce a resulting image. A wide variety of imaging operations can be achieved through convolutions, including blurring, edge detection, sharpening, embossing and beveling.

A matrix convolution is based on an n-by-m matrix (the convolution kernel) which describes how a given pixel value in the source image is combined with its neighboring pixel values to produce a resulting pixel value. Each result pixel is determined by applying the kernel matrix to the corresponding source pixel and its neighboring pixels.

To illustrate, suppose you have a source image which is 5 pixels by 5 pixels, whose color values are as follows:

        0  20  40 235 235
      100 120 140 235 235
      200 220 240 235 235
      225 225 255 255 255
      225 225 255 255 255

and you define a 3-by-3 convolution kernel as follows:

      1 2 3
      4 5 6
      7 8 9

Let's focus on the pixel at the second row and second column of the image (source pixel value is 120). Assuming the simplest case (where the source image's pixel grid aligns perfectly with the kernel's pixel grid) and assuming default values for attributes divisor, targetX and targetY, then resulting pixel value will be:

    (1*  0 + 2* 20 + 3* 40 +
    4*100 + 5*120 + 6*140 +
    7*200 + 8*220 + 9*240) / (1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9)

Because they operate on pixels, matrix convolutions are inherently resolution-dependent. To make 'feConvolveMatrix produce resolution-independent results, an explicit value should be provided for either the filterRes attribute on the 'filter' element and/or attribute kernelUnitLength.

kernelUnitLength, in combination with the other attributes, defines an implicit pixel grid in the filter effects coordinate system (i.e., the coordinate system established by the filterUnits attribute). If the pixel grid established by kernelUnitLength does not align perfectly with the pixel grid established by attribute filterRes, then the source image will be temporarily resampled to align its pixels with kernelUnitLength. The convolution happens on the resampled image. After applying the convolution, the image is resampled back to its original resolution.

    <!ELEMENT feConvolveMatrix (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feConvolveMatrix
      %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;
      order CDATA #REQUIRED
      kernelMatrix CDATA #REQUIRED
      divisor %Number; #IMPLIED
      targetX %Integer; #IMPLIED
      targetY %Integer; #IMPLIED
      edgeMode (duplicate|wrap|none) "duplicate"
      kernelUnitLength CDATA #IMPLIED >

Attribute definitions:

order = "<orderX> [<orderY>]"
  Indicates the number of cells in each dimension for kernelMatrix. The values provided must be <integer>s greater than zero. If two values are provided, the values are separated by space characters and/or a comma. <orderX> indicates the number of columns in the matrix. <orderY> indicates the number of rows in the matrix. If <orderY> is not provided, it defaults to <orderX>.
  A typical value is order="3". It is recommended that only small values (e.g., 3) be used; higher values may result in very high CPU overhead and usually do not produce results that justify the impact on performance.
  The default value is "3".
kernelMatrix = "<list of numbers>"
  The list of <number>s that make up the kernel matrix for the convolution. Values are separated by space characters and/or a comma. The number of entries in the list must equal <orderX> times <orderY>.
divisor = "<number>"
  After applying the kernelMatrix to the source image to yield a number, that number is divided by divisor to yield the final destination color value. A divisor that is the sum of all the matrix values tends to have an evening effect on the overall color intensity of the result. It is an error to specify a divisor of zero. The default value is the sum of all values in kernelMatrix, with the exception that if the sum is zero, then the divisor is set to 1.
targetX = "<integer>"
  Determines the positioning in X of the convolution matrix relative to a given target pixel in the source image. The leftmost column of the matrix is column number zero. The value must be such that: 0 <= targetX < orderX. By default, the convolution matrix is centered in X over each pixel of the source image (i.e., targetX = floor ( orderX / 2 )).
targetY = "<integer>"
  Determines the positioning in Y of the convolution matrix relative to a given target pixel in the source image. The topmost row of the matrix is row number zero. The value must be such that: 0 <= targetY < orderY. By default, the convolution matrix is centered in Y over each pixel of the source image (i.e., targetY = floor ( orderY / 2 )).
edgemode = "duplicate | wrap | none"

  Determines how to extend the source image as necessary with color values so that the matrix operations can be applied when the kernel is positioned at or near the edge of the source image.

  "duplicate" indicates that the source image is extended along each of its borders as necessary by duplicating the color values at the given edge of the source image.

      Original N-by-M image, where m=M-1 and n=N-1:
                11 12 ... 1m 1M
                21 22 ... 2m 2M
                .. .. ... .. ..
                n1 n2 ... nm nM
                N1 N2 ... Nm NM

      Extended by two pixels using "duplicate":
        11 11   11 12 ... 1m 1M   1M 1M
        11 11   11 12 ... 1m 1M   1M 1M

        11 11   11 12 ... 1m 1M   1M 1M
        21 21   21 22 ... 2m 2M   2M 2M
        .. ..   .. .. ... .. ..   .. ..
        n1 n1   n1 n2 ... nm nM   nM nM
        N1 N1   N1 N2 ... Nm NM   NM NM

        N1 N1   N1 N2 ... Nm NM   NM NM
        N1 N1   N1 N2 ... Nm NM   NM NM

  "wrap" indicates that the source image is extended by taking the color values from the opposite edge of the image.

      Extended by two pixels using "wrap":
        nm nM   n1 n2 ... nm Nm   n1 n2
        Nm NM   N1 N2 ... Nm NM   N1 N2

        1M 1m   11 12 ... 1m 1M   11 12
        2M 2m   21 22 ... 2m 2M   21 22
        .. ..   .. .. ... .. ..   .. ..
        nm nM   n1 n2 ... nm nM   n1 n2
        Nm NM   N1 N2 ... Nm NM   N1 N2

        1m 1M   11 12 ... 1m 1M   11 12
        2m 2M   21 22 ... 2m 2M   21 22

  "none" indicates that the source image is extended with pixel values of zero for R, G, B and A.

kernelUnitLength = "<xLength> [<yLength>]"
  Indicates the intended distance in current filter units (i.e., units as determined by the value of attribute filterUnits) between successive columns and rows, respectively, in the kernelMatrix. By specifying value(s) for kernelUnitLength, the kernel becomes defined in a scalable, abstract coordinate system. If kernelUnitLength is not specified, the default value is one pixel in the offscreen bitmap, which is a pixel-based coordinate system, and thus potentially not scalable. For some level of consistency across display media and user agents, it is necessary that a value be provided for at least one of filterRes and kernelUnitLength. In some implementations, the most consistent results and the fastest performance will be achieved if the pixel grid of the temporary offscreen images aligns with the pixel grid of the kernel.

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;.

## 15.13 Filter primitive 'feDiffuseLighting'

This filter primitive lights an image using the alpha channel as a bump map. The resulting image is an RGBA opaque image based on the light color with alpha = 1.0 everywhere. The lighting calculation follows the standard diffuse component of the Phong lighting model. The resulting image depends on the light color, light position and surface geometry of the input bump map.

The light map produced by this filter primitive can be combined with a texture image using the multiply term of the arithmetic 'feComposite' compositing method. Multiple light sources can be simulated by adding several of these light maps together before applying it to the texture image.

    Dr = (kd * N.L * Lr) / resultScale
    Dg = (kd * N.L * Lg) / resultScale
    Db = (kd * N.L * Lb) / resultScale
    Da = 1.0 / resultScale

where

  kd = diffuse lighting constant
  N = surface normal unit vector, a function of x and y
  L = unit vector pointing from surface to light, a function of x and y in the point and spot light cases
  Lr,Lg,Lb = RGB components of light, a function of x and y in the spot light case
  resultScale = overall scaling factor

N is a function of x and y and depends on the surface gradient as follows:

The surface described by the input alpha image Ain (x,y) is:

    Z (x,y) = surfaceScale * Ain (x,y)

Surface normal is calculated using the Sobel gradient 3x3 filter:

    Nx (x,y)= - surfaceScale * 1/4*(( I(x+1,y-1) + 2*I(x+1,y)
    + I(x+1,y+1))
                                      -  (I(x-1,y-1) + 2*I(x-1,y)
    + I(x-1,y+1)))
    Ny (x,y)= - surfaceScale * 1/4*(( I(x-1,y+1) + 2*I(x,y+1) + I(x+1,y+1))

                                      -  (I(x-1,y-1) + 2*I(x,y-1)
    + I(x+1,y-1)))
    Nz (x,y) = 1.0

    N = (Nx, Ny, Nz) / Norm((Nx,Ny,Nz))

L, the unit vector from the image sample to the light is calculated as follows:

For Infinite light sources it is constant:

    Lx = cos(azimuth)*cos(elevation)
    Ly = -sin(azimuth)*cos(elevation)
    Lz = sin(elevation)

For Point and spot lights it is a function of position:

    Lx = Lightx - x
    Ly = Lighty - y
    Lz = Lightz - Z(x,y)

    L = (Lx, Ly, Lz) / Norm(Lx, Ly, Lz)

where Lightx, Lighty, and Lightz are the input light position.

Lr,Lg,Lb, the light color vector is a function of position in the spot light case only:

    Lr = Lightr*pow((-L.S),specularExponent)
    Lg = Lightg*pow((-L.S),specularExponent)
    Lb = Lightb*pow((-L.S),specularExponent)

where S is the unit vector pointing from the light to the point (pointsAtX, pointsAtY, pointsAtZ) in the x-y plane:

    Sx = pointsAtX - Lightx
    Sy = pointsAtY - Lighty
    Sz = pointsAtZ - Lightz

    S = (Sx, Sy, Sz) / Norm(Sx, Sy, Sz)

If L.S is positive no light is present. (Lr = Lg = Lb = 0)

    <!ELEMENT feDiffuseLighting ((feDistantLight|fePointLight|feSpotLight),(animate|set|animateColor)*) >
    <!ATTLIST feDiffuseLighting
      %stdAttrs;
      %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;
      resultScale %Number; #IMPLIED
      surfaceScale %Number; #IMPLIED
      diffuseConstant %Number; #IMPLIED
      lightColor %SVGColor; #IMPLIED >

Attribute definitions:

resultScale = "<number>"
  Multiplicative scale for the result. This allows the result of the 'feDiffuseLighting' result to represent values greater than 1.
surfaceScale = "<number>"
  height of surface when Ain = 1.
diffuseConstant = "<number>"
  kd in Phong lighting model. Range 0.0 to 1.0.
lightColor = "<SVG color>"
  RGB color value for the light source.

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;.

The light source is defined by one of the child elements 'feDistantLight', 'fePointLight' or 'feSpotLight'. These same child elements also apply to filter primitive 'feSpecularLighting'.

### 15.13.1 Light source 'feDistantLight'

    <!ELEMENT feDistantLight (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feDistantLight
      %stdAttrs;
      azimuth %Number; #IMPLIED
      elevation %Number; #IMPLIED >

Attribute definitions:

azimuth = "<number>"
  Direction angle for the light source on the XY plane, in degrees.
elevation = "<number>"
  Direction angle for the light source on the YZ plane, in degrees.

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;.

### 15.13.2 Light source 'fePointLight'

    <!ELEMENT fePointLight (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST fePointLight
      %stdAttrs;
      x %Number; #IMPLIED
      y %Number; #IMPLIED
      z %Number; #IMPLIED >

Attribute definitions:

x = "<number>"
  X location for the light source.
y = "<number>"
  Y location for the light source.
z = "<number>"
  Z location for the light source.

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;.

### 15.13.3 Light source 'feSpotLight'

    <!ELEMENT feSpotLight (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feSpotLight
      %stdAttrs;
      x %Number; #IMPLIED
      y %Number; #IMPLIED
      z %Number; #IMPLIED
      pointsAtX %Number; #IMPLIED
      pointsAtY %Number; #IMPLIED
      pointsAtZ %Number; #IMPLIED
      specularExponent %Number; #IMPLIED >

Attribute definitions:

x = "<number>"
  X location for the light source.
y = "<number>"
  Y location for the light source.
z = "<number>"
  Z location for the light source.
pointsAtX = "<number>"
  X location of the point at which the light source is pointing.
pointsAtY = "<number>"
  Y location of the point at which the light source is pointing.
pointsAtZ = "<number>"
  Z location of the point at which the light source is pointing.
specularExponent = "<number>"
  Exponent value controlling the focus for the light source.

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;.

## 15.14 Filter primitive 'feDisplacementMap'

This filter primitive uses the pixels values from the image from in2 to spatially displace the image from in. This is the transformation to be performed:

    P'(x,y) <- P( x + scale * ((XC(x,y) - .5), y + scale * (YC(x,y) - .5))

where P(x,y) is the source image, in, and P'(x,y) is the destination. XC(x,y) and YC(x,y) are the component values of the designated by the xChannelSelector and yChannelSelector. For example, to use the R component of in2 to control displacement in x and the G component of Image2 to control displacement in y, set xChannelSelector to "R" and yChannelSelector to "G".

The displacement map defines the inverse of the mapping performed.

This filter can have arbitrary non-localized effect on the input which might require substantial buffering in the processing pipeline. However with this formulation, any intermediate buffering needs can be determined by scale which represents the maximum displacement in either x or y.

    <!ELEMENT feDisplacementMap (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feDisplacementMap
      %stdAttrs;
      %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;
      scale %Number; #IMPLIED
      xChannelSelector (R | G | B | A) "A"
      yChannelSelector (R | G | B | A) "A"
      in2 CDATA #REQUIRED >

Attribute definitions:

scale = "<number>"
  Displacement scale factor.
xChannelSelector = "R | G | B | A"
  Indicates which channel from in2 to use to displace the pixels in in along the X axis.
yChannelSelector = "R | G | B | A"
  Indicates which channel from in2 to use to displace the pixels in in along the Y axis.
in2 = "(see in attribute)"
  The second input image, which is used to displace the pixels in the image from attribute in. This attribute can take on the same values as the in attribute.

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;.

## 15.15 Filter primitive 'feFlood'

This filter primitive creates an image with infinite extent filled with the color and opacity values from properties 'flood-color' and 'flood-opacity'.

    <!ELEMENT feFlood (animate|set|animateColor)* >
    <!ATTLIST feFlood
      %stdAttrs;
      %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;
      style %StyleSheet; #IMPLIED
      %ExchangeSVG-feFloodAttrs; >

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;, style.

The 'flood-color' property indicates what color to use to flood the current filter primitive sub-region. The keyword currentColor and ICC colors can be specified in the same manner as within a <paint> specification for the 'fill' and 'stroke' properties.

'flood-color'

  Value: | currentColor | <color> [icc-color(<name>,<icccolorvalue>+)] | inherit
  Initial: | black
  Applies to: | 'feFlood' elements
  Inherited: | no
  Percentages: | N/A
  Media: | visual
  Animatable: | yes

The 'flood-opacity' property defines the opacity value to use across the entire filter primitive sub-region.

'flood-opacity'

  Value: | <alphavalue> | inherit
  Initial: | 1
  Applies to: | 'feFlood' elements
  Inherited: | no
  Percentages: | N/A
  Media: | visual
  Animatable: | yes

## 15.16 Filter primitive 'feGaussianBlur'

This filter primitive performs a gaussian blur on the input image.

The Gaussian blur kernel is an approximation of the normalized convolution:

    H(x) = exp(-x2/ (2s2)) / sqrt(2* pi*s2)

where 's' is the standard deviation specified by stdDeviation.

The value of stdDeviation can be either one or two numbers. If two numbers are provided, the first number represents a standard deviation value along the X axis of the current coordinate system and the second value represents a standard deviation in Y. If one number is provided, then that value is used for both X and Y.

Even if only one value is provided for stdDeviation, this can be implemented as a separable convolution.

For larger values of 's' (s >= 2.0), an approximation can be used: Three successive box-blurs build a piece-wise quadratic convolution kernel, which approximates the gaussian kernel to within roughly 3%.

    let d = floor(s * 3*sqrt(2*pi)/4  +  0.5)

... if d is odd, use three box-blurs of size 'd', centered on the output pixel.

... if d is even, two box-blurs of size 'd' (the first one centered one pixel to the left, the second one centered one pixel to the right of the output pixel one box blur of size 'd+1' centered on the output pixel.

Frequently this operation will take place on alpha-only images, such as that produced by the built-in input, SourceAlpha. The implementation may notice this and optimize the single channel case. If the input has infinite extent and is constant, this operation has no effect. If the input has infinite extent and is a tile, the filter is evaluated with periodic boundary conditions.

    <!ELEMENT feGaussianBlur (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feGaussianBlur
      %stdAttrs;
      %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;
      stdDeviation CDATA #IMPLIED >

Attribute definitions:

stdDeviation = "<number> [<number>]"
  The standard deviation for the blur operation. If two <number>s are provided, the first number represents a standard deviation value along the X axis of the current coordinate system and the second value represents a standard deviation in Y. If one number is provided, then that value is used for both X and Y.

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;.

## 15.17 Filter primitive 'feImage'

This filter primitive refers to a graphic external to this filter element, which is loaded or rendered into an RGBA raster and becomes the result of the filter primitive.

This filter primitive can refer to an external image or can be a reference to another piece of SVG. This node produces an image similar to the builtin image source SourceGraphic except that the graphic comes from an external source.

If the xlink:href references a stand-alone image resource such as a JPEG or PNG file, then the image resource is rendered according to the behavior of the 'image' element; otherwise, the referenced resource is rendered according to the behavior of the 'use' element. In either case, the current user coordinate system depends on the value of attribute filterUnits on the 'filter' element.

    <!ELEMENT feImage (animate|set|animateTransform)* >
    <!ATTLIST feImage
      %stdAttrs;
      %langSpaceAttrs;
      class %ClassList; #IMPLIED
      transform %TransformList; #IMPLIED
      externalResourcesRequired %Boolean; #IMPLIED
      %xlinkRefAttrs;
      xlink:href %URI; #REQUIRED
      %StylableSVG-StyleAttribute;
      %ExchangeSVG-ContainerAttrs;
      %ExchangeSVG-FillStrokeAttrs;
      %ExchangeSVG-GradientAttrs;
      %ExchangeSVG-GraphicsAttrs;
      %ExchangeSVG-MarkerAttrs;
      %ExchangeSVG-TextContainerAttrs;
      %ExchangeSVG-TextElementAttrs;
      %ExchangeSVG-ViewportAttrs;
      %filter_primitive_attributes; >

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %langSpaceAttrs;, class, transform, externalResourcesRequired, %xlinkRefAttrs;, xlink:href, %filter_primitive_attributes;.

## 15.18 Filter primitive 'feMerge'

This filter primitive composites input image layers on top of each other using the over operator with Input1 on the bottom and the last specified input, InputN, on top.

Many effects produce a number of intermediate layers in order to create the final output image. This filter allows us to collapse those into a single image. Although this could be done by using n-1 Composite-filters, it is more convenient to have this common operation available in this form, and offers the implementation some additional flexibility.

'feMerge' composites input image layers on top of each other using the over operator with Input1 on the bottom and the last specified input, InputN, on top.

Each 'feMerge' element can have any number of 'feMergeNode' subelements, each of which has an in attribute.

The canonical implementation of feMerge is to render the entire effect into one RGBA layer, and then render the resulting layer on the output device. In certain cases (in particular if the output device itself is a continuous tone device), and since merging is associative, it might be a sufficient approximation to evaluate the effect one layer at a time and render each layer individually onto the output device bottom to top.

    <!ELEMENT feMerge (feMergeNode)* >
    <!ATTLIST feMerge
      %stdAttrs;
      %filter_primitive_attributes; >

    <!ELEMENT feMergeNode (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feMergeNode
      %stdAttrs;
      in CDATA #IMPLIED >

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %filter_primitive_attributes;, in.

## 15.19 Filter primitive 'feMorphology'

This filter primitive performs "fattening" or "thinning" of artwork. It is particularly useful for fattening or thinning an alpha channel,

The dilation (or erosion) kernel is a rectangle with a width of 2*x-radius+1 and a height of y-radius+1.

Frequently this operation will take place on alpha-only images, such as that produced by the built-in input, SourceAlpha. In that case, the implementation might want to optimize the single channel case.

If the input has infinite extent and is constant, this operation has no effect. If the input has infinite extent and is a tile, the filter is evaluated with periodic boundary conditions.

    <!ELEMENT feMorphology (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feMorphology
      %stdAttrs;
      %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;
      operator (erode | dilate) "erode"
      radius %Length; #IMPLIED >

Attribute definitions:

operator = "erode | dilate"
  A keyword indicating whether to erode (i.e., thin) or dilate (fatten) the source graphic.
radius = "<number> [<number>]"
  The radius (or radii) for the operation. If two <number>s are provided, the first number represents a x-radius in the current coordinate system and the second value represents a y-radius. If one number is provided, then that value is used for both X and Y.

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;.

Example feMorphology shows examples of the four types of feMorphology operations.

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 20000303 Stylable//EN"
              "http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/03/WD-SVG-20000303/DTD/svg-20000303-stylable.dtd">
    <svg width="5cm" height="7cm" viewBox="0 0 700 500">
      <title>Example feMorphology - Examples of erode and dilate</title>
      <desc>Five text strings drawn as outlines.
            The first is unfiltered. The second and third use 'erode'.
            The fourth and fifth use 'dilate'.</desc>
      <defs>
        <filter id="Erode3">
          <feMorphology operator="erode" in="SourceGraphic" radius="3" />
        </filter>
        <filter id="Erode6">
          <feMorphology operator="erode" in="SourceGraphic" radius="6" />
        </filter>
        <filter id="Dilate3">
          <feMorphology operator="dilate" in="SourceGraphic" radius="3" />
        </filter>
        <filter id="Dilate6">
          <feMorphology operator="dilate" in="SourceGraphic" radius="6" />
        </filter>
      </defs>
      <rect style="fill:none; stroke:blue; stroke-width:2"
            x="1" y="1" width="698" height="498"/>
      <g style="enable-background: new">
        <g style="font-family:Verdana; font-size:75;
                  fill:none; stroke:black; stroke-width:6">
          <text x="50" y="90">Unfiltered</text>
          <text x="50" y="180" style="filter:url(#Erode3)">Erode radius 3</text>
          <text x="50" y="270" style="filter:url(#Erode6)">Erode radius 6</text>
          <text x="50" y="360" style="filter:url(#Dilate3)">Dilate radius 3</text>
          <text x="50" y="450" style="filter:url(#Dilate6)">Dilate radius 6</text>
        </g>
      </g>
    </svg>

Example feMorphology

View this example as SVG (SVG-enabled browsers only)

## 15.20 Filter primitive 'feOffset'

This filter primitive offsets the source image relative to its current position in the image space by the specified vector.

This is important for effects like drop shadows.

    <!ELEMENT feOffset (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feOffset
      %stdAttrs;
      %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;
      dx %Length; #IMPLIED
      dy %Length; #IMPLIED >

Attribute definitions:

dx = "<length>"
  The amount to offset the input graphic along the x axis.
dy = "<length>"
  The amount to offset the input graphic along the y axis.

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;.

An example of 'feOffset' can be found in Example filters01.

## 15.21 Filter primitive 'feSpecularLighting'

This filter primitive lights a source graphic using the alpha channel as a bump map. The resulting image is an RGBA image based on the light color. The lighting caculation follows the standard specular component of the Phong lighting model. The resulting image depends on the light color, light position and surface geometry of the input bump map. The result of the lighting calculation is added. The filter primitive assumes that the viewer is at infinity the z direction (i.e the unit vector in the eye direction is (0,0,1) everywhere.

This filter primitive produces an image which contains the specular reflection part of the lighting calculation. Such a map is intended to be combined with a texture using the add term of the arithmetic 'feComposite' method. Multiple light sources can be simulated by adding several of these light maps before applying it to the texture image.

    Sr = ks * pow(N.H, specularExponent) * Lr
    Sg = ks * pow(N.H, specularExponent) * Lg
    Sb = ks * pow(N.H, specularExponent) * Lb
    Sa = max(Sr, Sg, Sb)

where

  ks = specular lighting constant
  N = surface normal unit vector, a function of x and y
  H = "halfway" unit vectorbetween eye unit vector and light unit vector
  Lr,Lg,Lb = RGB components of light

See 'feDiffuseLighting' for definition of N and (Lr, Lg, Lb).

The definition of H reflects our assumption of the constant eye vector E = (0,0,1):

    H = (L + E) / Norm(L+E)

where L is the light unit vector.

Unlike the 'feDiffuseLighting', the 'feSpecularLighting' filter produces a non-opaque image. This is due to the fact that specular result (Sr,Sg,Sb,Sa) is meant to be added to the textured image. The alpha channel of the result is the max of the color components, so that where the specular light is zero, no additional coverage is added to the image and a fully white highlight will add opacity.

The 'feDiffuseLighting' and 'feSpecularLighting' filters will often be applied together. An implementation may detect this and calculate both maps in one pass, instead of two.

    <!ELEMENT feSpecularLighting ((feDistantLight|fePointLight|feSpotLight),(animate|set|animateColor)*) >
    <!ATTLIST feSpecularLighting
      %stdAttrs;
      %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;
      surfaceScale %Number; #IMPLIED
      specularConstant %Number; #IMPLIED
      specularExponent %Number; #IMPLIED
      lightColor %SVGColor; #IMPLIED >

Attribute definitions:

surfaceScale = "<number>"
  height of surface when Ain = 1.
specularConstant = "<number>"
  ks in Phong lighting model. Range 0.0 to 1.0.
specularExponent = "<number>"
  Exponent for specular term, larger is more "shiny". Range 1.0 to 128.0.
lightColor = "<SVG color>"
  RGB color value for the light source.

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;.

The light source is defined by one of the child elements 'feDistantLight', 'fePointLight' or 'feDistantLight'. The se same child elements also apply to filter primitive 'feDiffuseLighting' and are described in the definition of that filter primitive.

## 15.22 Filter primitive 'feTile'

This filter primitive creates an image with infinite extent by replicating the source image in image space.

Typically, the source image has been defined with a filter primitive sub-region in order to define the tiling rectangle.

    <!ELEMENT feTile (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feTile
      %stdAttrs;
      %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in; >

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %filter_primitive_attributes_with_in;.

## 15.23 Filter primitive 'feTurbulence'

This filter primitive creates an image using the Perlin turbulence function. It allows the synthesis of artificial textures like clouds or marble. For a detailed description the of the Perlin turbulence function, see "Texturing and Modeling", Ebert et al, AP Professional, 1994. The resulting image will have maximal size in image space.

It is possible to create bandwidth-limited noise by synthesizing only one octave.

The following C code shows the exact algorithm used for this filter effect.
For fractalSum, you get a turbFunctionResult that is aimed at a range of -1 to 1 (the actual result might exceed this range in some cases). To convert to a color value, use the formula `colorValue = ((turbFunctionResult * 255) + 255) / 2`, then clamp to the range 0 to 255.
For turbulence, you get a turbFunctionResult that is aimed at a range of 0 to 1 (the actual result might exceed this range in some cases). To convert to a color value, use the formula `colorValue = (turbFunctionResult * 255)`, then clamp to the range 0 to 255.
The following order is used for applying the pseudo random numbers. An initial seed value is computed based on attribute seed. Then the implementation computes the lattice points for R, then continue getting additional pseudo random numbers relative to the last generated pseudo random number and compute the lattice points for G, and so on for B and A.

    #define BSize 0x100
    #define BM 0xff
    #define PerlinN 0x1000
    #define NP 12   /* 2^PerlinN */
    #define NM 0xfff

    static uLatticeSelector[BSize + BSize + 2];
    static float fGradient[BSize + BSize + 2][2];

    static void init(void)
    {
      float s;
      int i, j, k;

      for(i = 0; i < BSize; i++)
      {
        uLatticeSelector[i] = i;

        for (j = 0; j < 2; j++)
          fGradient[i][j] = (float)
                          ((rand() % (BSize + BSize))
                          - BSize) / BSize;
        s = float(sqrt(fGradient[i][0] *
                   fGradient[i][0] + fGradient[i][1] *
                   fGradient[i] [1]));
        fGradient[0] = v[0] / s;
        fGradient[1] = v[1] / s;
      }

      while(--i)
      {
        k = uLatticeSelector[i];
        uLatticeSelector[i] = uLatticeSelector[j =
                              rand() % BSize];
        uLatticeSelector[j] = k;
      }

      for(i = 0; i < BSize + 2; i++)
      {
        uLatticeSelector[BSize + i] = uLatticeSelector[i];
        for(j = 0; j < 2; j++)
          fGradient[BSize + i][j] = fGradient[i][j];
      }
    }

    #define s_curve(t) ( t * t * (3. - 2. * t) )
    #define lerp(t, a, b) ( a + t * (b - a) )

    float noise2(float vec[2])
    {
      int bx0, bx1, by0, by1, b00, b10, b01, b11;
      float rx0, rx1, ry0, ry1, *q, sx, sy, a, b, t, u, v;
      register i, j;

      t = vec[0] + PerlinN;
      bx0 = ((int)t) & BM;
      bx1 = (bx0+1) & BM;
      rx0 = t - (int)t;
      rx1 = rx0 - 1.0f;

      t = vec[1] + PerlinN;
      by0 = ((int)t) & BM;
      by1 = (by0+1) & BM;
      ry0 = t - (int)t;
      ry1 = ry0 - 1.0f;

      i = uLatticeSelector[bx0];
      j = uLatticeSelector[bx1];

      b00 = uLatticeSelector[i + by0];
      b10 = uLatticeSelector[j + by0];
      b01 = uLatticeSelector[i + by1];
      b11 = uLatticeSelector[j + by1];

      sx = float(s_curve(rx0));
      sy = float(s_curve(ry0));

      q = fGradient[b00]; u = rx0 * q[0] + ry0 * q[1];
      q = fGradient[b10]; v = rx1 * q[0] + ry0 * q[1];
      a = lerp(sx, u, v);

      q = fGradient[b01]; u = rx0 * q[0] + ry1 * q[1];
      q = fGradient[b11]; v = rx1 * q[0] + ry1 * q[1];
      b = lerp(sx, u, v);

      return lerp(sy, a, b);
    }

    // Returns 'turbFunctionResult'

    float turbulence(float *point, float fBaseFreq, int nNumOctaves, bool
    bFractalSum)
    {
      float fSum = 0.0f;
      float vec[2];
      float fFrequency = fBaseFreq;

      for(int nOctave = 0; nOctave < nNumOctaves; nOctave++)
      {
        vec[0] = fFrequency * point[0];
        vec[1] = fFrequency * point[1];
        if(bFractalSum)
          fSum += float(noise2(vec) / (fFrequency / fBaseFreq));
        else
          fSum += float(fabs(noise2(vec)) / (fFrequency / fBaseFreq));
        fFrequency *= 2;
      }
      return fSum;
    }

The following C code shows the exact algorithm for the pseudo random number generator.

    /* Produces results in the range [1, 2**31 - 2].
       Algorithm is: r = (a * r) mod m
       where a = 16807 and m = 2**31 - 1 = 2147483647
       See [Park & Miller], CACM vol. 31 no. 10 p. 1195, Oct. 1988
       To test: the algorithm should produce the result 1043618065
       as the 10,000th generated number if the original seed is 1.
    */

    #define RAND_m 2147483647       /* 2**31 - 1 */
    #define RAND_a 16807            /* 7**5; primitive root of m */
    #define RAND_q 127773           /* m / a */
    #define RAND_r 2836             /* m % a */

    long
    setup_seed(long seed)
    {
      if (seed <= 0) seed = -(seed % (RAND_m - 1)) + 1;
      if (seed > RAND_m - 1) seed = RAND_m - 1;
      return seed;
    }

    long
    random(long seed)
    {
      long result;
      result = RAND_a * (seed % RAND_q) - RAND_r * (seed / RAND_q);
      if (result <= 0) result += RAND_m;
      return result;
    }

    <!ELEMENT feTurbulence (animate|set)* >
    <!ATTLIST feTurbulence
      %stdAttrs;
      %filter_primitive_attributes;
      baseFrequency CDATA #IMPLIED
      numOctaves %Integer; #IMPLIED
      seed %Number; #IMPLIED
      stitchTiles (stitch | noStitch) "noStitch"
      type (fractalNoise | turbulence) "turbulence" >

Attribute definitions:

baseFrequency = "<number> [<number>]"
  The base frequency (frequencies) parameter(s) for the noise function. If two <number>s are provided, the first number represents a base frequency in the X direction and the second value represents a base frequency in the Y direction. If one number is provided, then that value is used for both X and Y.
numOctaves = "<integer>"
  The numOctaves parameter for the noise function.
seed = "<number>"
  The starting number for the pseudo random number generator. If not provided, seed defaults to zero.
stitchTiles = "stitch | noStitch"
  If stitchTiles="noStitch", no attempt it made to achieve smooth transitions at the border of tiles which contain a turbulence function. Sometimes the result will show clear discontinuities at the tile borders.
  If stitchTiles="stitch", then the user agent will automatically adjust baseFrequency-x and baseFrequency-y values such that the feTurbulence node's width/height (i.e., the width/height of the current subregion) contains an integral number of the Perlin tile width/height for the first octave. The baseFrequency will be adjusted up or down depending on which way has the smallest relative (not absolute) change as follows: Given the frequency, calculate lowFreq=floor(width*frequency)/width and hiFreq=ceil(width*frequency)/width. If frequency/lowFreq < hiFreq/frequency then use lowFreq, else use hiFreq. While generating turbulence values, generate lattice vectors as normal for Perlin Noise, except for those lattice points that lie on the right or bottom edges of the active area (the size of the resulting tile). In those cases, copy the lattice vector from the opposite edge of the active area.
type = "fractalNoise | turbulence"
  Indicates whether the filter primitive should perform a noise or turbulence function.

Attributes defined elsewhere:
  %stdAttrs;, %filter_primitive_attributes;.

## 15.24 DOM interfaces

The following interfaces are defined below: SVGFilterElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes, SVGFEBlendElement, SVGFEColorMatrixElement, SVGFEComponentTransferElement, SVGComponentTransferFunctionElement, SVGFEFuncRElement, SVGFEFuncGElement, SVGFEFuncBElement, SVGFEFuncAElement, SVGFECompositeElement, SVGFEConvolveMatrixElement, SVGFEDiffuseLightingElement, SVGFEDistantLightElement, SVGFEPointLightElement, SVGFESpotLightElement, SVGFEDisplacementMapElement, SVGFEFloodElement, SVGFEGaussianBlurElement, SVGFEImageElement, SVGFEMergeElement, SVGFEMergeNodeElement, SVGFEMorphologyElement, SVGFEOffsetElement, SVGFESpecularLightingElement, SVGFETileElement, SVGFETurbulenceElement.

### Interface SVGFilterElement

The SVGFilterElement interface corresponds to the 'filter' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFilterElement : SVGElement, SVGLangSpace, SVGURIReference, SVGUnitTypes {
                 attribute unsigned short filterUnits;
                 attribute SVGLength      x;
                 attribute SVGLength      y;
                 attribute SVGLength      width;
                 attribute SVGLength      height;
        readonly attribute SVGInteger     filterResX;
        readonly attribute SVGInteger     filterResY;

        void setFilterRes ( in unsigned long filterResX, in unsigned long filterResY )
                        raises( SVGException );
      };

Attributes
  unsigned short filterUnits
    Corresponds to attribute filterUnits on the given 'filter' element. Takes on one of the constants defined in SVGUnitTypes.
  SVGLength x
    Corresponds to attribute x on the given 'filter' element.
  SVGLength y
    Corresponds to attribute y on the given 'filter' element.
  SVGLength width
    Corresponds to attribute width on the given 'filter' element.
  SVGLength height
    Corresponds to attribute height on the given 'filter' element.
  readonly SVGInteger filterResX
    Corresponds to attribute filterRes on the given 'filter' element. Contains the X component of attribute filterRes.
  readonly SVGInteger filterResY
    Corresponds to attribute filterRes on the given 'filter' element. Contains the Y component (possibly computed automatically) of attribute filterRes.
Methods
  setFilterRes
    Sets the values for attribute filterRes.
    Parameters

      in unsigned long filterResX |  | The X component of attribute filterRes.
      in unsigned long filterResY |  | The Y component of attribute filterRes.

    No Return Value
    Exceptions

      SVGException |  | SVG_WRONG_TYPE_ERR: Raised if a parameter is of the wrong type.

### Interface SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes

This interface defines the set of DOM attributes that are common across the filter interfaces.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes {
                 attribute unsigned short filterUnits;
                 attribute SVGLength      x;
                 attribute SVGLength      y;
                 attribute SVGLength      width;
                 attribute SVGLength      height;
                 attribute DOMString      result;
      };

Attributes
  unsigned short filterUnits
    Corresponds to attribute filterUnits on the given 'filter' element. Takes on one of the constants defined in SVGUnitTypes.
  SVGLength x
    Corresponds to attribute x on the given element.
  SVGLength y
    Corresponds to attribute y on the given element.
  SVGLength width
    Corresponds to attribute width on the given element.
  SVGLength height
    Corresponds to attribute height on the given element.
  DOMString result
    Corresponds to attribute result on the given element.

### Interface SVGFEBlendElement

The SVGFEBlendElement interface corresponds to the 'feBlend' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEBlendElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes {
        // Blend Mode Types
        constant unsigned short SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_UNKNOWN  = 0;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_NORMAL   = 1;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_MULTIPLY = 2;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_SCREEN   = 3;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_DARKEN   = 4;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_LIGHTEN  = 5;

                 attribute DOMString      in;
                 attribute DOMString      in2;
                 attribute unsigned short mode;
      };

Definition group Blend Mode Types
  Defined constants

    SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_UNKNOWN |  | The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
    SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_NORMAL |  | Corresponds to value normal.
    SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_MULTIPLY |  | Corresponds to value multiply.
    SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_SCREEN |  | Corresponds to value screen.
    SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_DARKEN |  | Corresponds to value darken.
    SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_LIGHTEN |  | Corresponds to value lighten.

Attributes
  DOMString in
    Corresponds to attribute in on the given 'feBlend' element.
  DOMString in2
    Corresponds to attribute in2 on the given 'feBlend' element.
  unsigned short mode
    Corresponds to attribute mode on the given 'feBlend' element. Takes on one of the Blend Mode Types.

### Interface SVGFEColorMatrixElement

The SVGFEColorMatrixElement interface corresponds to the 'feColorMatrix' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEColorMatrixElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes {
        // Color Matrix Types
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_UNKNOWN          = 0;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_MATRIX           = 1;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_SATURATE         = 2;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_HUEROTATE        = 3;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_LUMINANCETOALPHA = 4;

                 attribute DOMString      in;
                 attribute unsigned short type;
        readonly attribute SVGList        values;
      };

Definition group Color Matrix Types
  Defined constants

    SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_UNKNOWN |  | The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
    SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_MATRIX |  | Corresponds to value matrix.
    SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_SATURATE |  | Corresponds to value saturate.
    SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_HUEROTATE |  | Corresponds to value hueRotate.
    SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_LUMINANCETOALPHA |  | Corresponds to value luminanceToAlpha.

Attributes
  DOMString in
    Corresponds to attribute in on the given 'feColorMatrix' element.
  unsigned short type
    Corresponds to attribute type on the given 'feColorMatrix' element. Takes on one of the Color Matrix Types.
  readonly SVGList values
    Corresponds to attribute values on the given 'feColorMatrix' element.

    Provides access to the contents of the values attribute.

    The various methods from SVGList, which are defined to accept parameters and return values of type Object, must receive parameters of type SVGNumber and return values of type SVGNumber.

### Interface SVGFEComponentTransferElement

The SVGFEComponentTransferElement interface corresponds to the 'feComponentTransfer' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEComponentTransferElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes {
                 attribute DOMString in;
      };

Attributes
  DOMString in
    Corresponds to attribute in on the given 'feBlend' element.

### Interface SVGComponentTransferFunctionElement

This interface defines a base interface used by the component transfer function interfaces.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGComponentTransferFunctionElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes {
        // Component Transfer Types
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANFER_TYPE_UNKNOWN  = 0;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANFER_TYPE_IDENTITY = 1;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANFER_TYPE_TABLE    = 2;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANFER_TYPE_LINEAR   = 3;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANFER_TYPE_GAMMA    = 4;

                 attribute unsigned short type;
        readonly attribute SVGList        tableValues;
                 attribute SVGNumber      slope;
                 attribute SVGNumber      intercept;
                 attribute SVGNumber      amplitude;
                 attribute SVGNumber      exponent;
                 attribute SVGNumber      offset;
      };

Definition group Component Transfer Types
  Defined constants

    SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANFER_TYPE_UNKNOWN |  | The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
    SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANFER_TYPE_IDENTITY |  | Corresponds to value identity.
    SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANFER_TYPE_TABLE |  | Corresponds to value table.
    SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANFER_TYPE_LINEAR |  | Corresponds to value linear.
    SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANFER_TYPE_GAMMA |  | Corresponds to value gamma.

Attributes
  unsigned short type
    Corresponds to attribute type on the given element. Takes on one of the Component Transfer Types.
  readonly SVGList tableValues
    Corresponds to attribute tableValues on the given element.

    Provides access to the contents of the tableValues attribute.

    The various methods from SVGList, which are defined to accept parameters and return values of type Object, must receive parameters of type SVGNumber and return values of type SVGNumber.

  SVGNumber slope
    Corresponds to attribute slope on the given element.
  SVGNumber intercept
    Corresponds to attribute intercept on the given element.
  SVGNumber amplitude
    Corresponds to attribute amplitude on the given element.
  SVGNumber exponent
    Corresponds to attribute exponent on the given element.
  SVGNumber offset
    Corresponds to attribute offset on the given element.

### Interface SVGFEFuncRElement

The SVGFEFuncRElement interface corresponds to the 'feFuncR' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEFuncRElement : SVGComponentTransferFunctionElement;

### Interface SVGFEFuncGElement

The SVGFEFuncGElement interface corresponds to the 'feFuncG' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEFuncGElement : SVGComponentTransferFunctionElement;

### Interface SVGFEFuncBElement

The SVGFEFuncBElement interface corresponds to the 'feFuncB' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEFuncBElement : SVGComponentTransferFunctionElement;

### Interface SVGFEFuncAElement

The SVGFEFuncAElement interface corresponds to the 'feFuncA' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEFuncAElement : SVGComponentTransferFunctionElement;

### Interface SVGFECompositeElement

The SVGFECompositeElement interface corresponds to the 'feComposite' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFECompositeElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes {
        // Composite Operators
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_UNKNOWN    = 0;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_OVER       = 1;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_IN         = 2;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_OUT        = 3;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_ATOP       = 4;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_XOR        = 5;
        constant unsigned short SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_ARITHMETIC = 6;

                 attribute DOMString      in;
                 attribute DOMString      in2;
                 attribute unsigned short operator;
                 attribute SVGInteger     k1;
                 attribute SVGInteger     k2;
                 attribute SVGInteger     k3;
                 attribute SVGInteger     k4;
      };

Definition group Composite Operators
  Defined constants

    SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_UNKNOWN |  | The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
    SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_OVER |  | Corresponds to value over.
    SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_IN |  | Corresponds to value in.
    SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_OUT |  | Corresponds to value out.
    SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_ATOP |  | Corresponds to value atop.
    SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_XOR |  | Corresponds to value xor.
    SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_ARITHMETIC |  | Corresponds to value arithmetic.

Attributes
  DOMString in
    Corresponds to attribute in on the given 'feComposite' element.
  DOMString in2
    Corresponds to attribute in2 on the given 'feComposite' element.
  unsigned short operator
    Corresponds to attribute operator on the given 'feComposite' element. Takes on one of the Composite Operators.
  SVGInteger k1
    Corresponds to attribute k1 on the given 'feComposite' element. Must be zero or one.
  SVGInteger k2
    Corresponds to attribute k2 on the given 'feComposite' element. Must be zero or one.
  SVGInteger k3
    Corresponds to attribute k3 on the given 'feComposite' element. Must be zero or one.
  SVGInteger k4
    Corresponds to attribute k4 on the given 'feComposite' element. Must be zero or one.

### Interface SVGFEConvolveMatrixElement

The SVGFEConvolveMatrixElement interface corresponds to the 'feConvolveMatrix' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEConvolveMatrixElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes {
        // Edge Mode Values
        constant unsigned short SVG_EDGEMODE_UNKNOWN   = 0;
        constant unsigned short SVG_EDGEMODE_DUPLICATE = 1;
        constant unsigned short SVG_EDGEMODE_WRAP      = 2;
        constant unsigned short SVG_EDGEMODE_NONE      = 3;

                 attribute SVGInteger     orderX;
                 attribute SVGInteger     orderY;
        readonly attribute SVGList        kernelMatrix;
                 attribute unsigned short edgeMode;
                 attribute SVGNumber      divisor;
                 attribute SVGInteger     targetX;
                 attribute SVGInteger     targetY;
                 attribute SVGNumber      kernelUnitLengthX;
                 attribute SVGNumber      kernelUnitLengthY;
      };

Definition group Edge Mode Values
  Defined constants

    SVG_EDGEMODE_UNKNOWN |  | The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
    SVG_EDGEMODE_DUPLICATE |  | Corresponds to value duplicate.
    SVG_EDGEMODE_WRAP |  | Corresponds to value wrap.
    SVG_EDGEMODE_NONE |  | Corresponds to value none.

Attributes
  SVGInteger orderX
    Corresponds to attribute order on the given 'feConvolveMatrix' element.
  SVGInteger orderY
    Corresponds to attribute order on the given 'feConvolveMatrix' element.
  readonly SVGList kernelMatrix
    Corresponds to attribute kernelMatrix on the given element.

    Provides access to the contents of the kernelMatrix attribute.

    The various methods from SVGList, which are defined to accept parameters and return values of type Object, must receive parameters of type SVGNumber and return values of type SVGNumber.

  unsigned short edgeMode
    Corresponds to attribute edgeMode on the given 'feConvolveMatrix' element. Takes on one of the Edge Mode Types.
  SVGNumber divisor
    Corresponds to attribute divisor on the given 'feConvolveMatrix' element.
  SVGInteger targetX
    Corresponds to attribute targetX on the given 'feConvolveMatrix' element.
  SVGInteger targetY
    Corresponds to attribute targetY on the given 'feConvolveMatrix' element.
  SVGNumber kernelUnitLengthX
    Corresponds to attribute kernelUnitLength on the given 'feConvolveMatrix' element.
  SVGNumber kernelUnitLengthY
    Corresponds to attribute kernelUnitLength on the given 'feConvolveMatrix' element.

### Interface SVGFEDiffuseLightingElement

The SVGFEDiffuseLightingElement interface corresponds to the 'feDiffuseLighting' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEDiffuseLightingElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes {
                 attribute DOMString in;
                 attribute SVGNumber resultScale;
                 attribute SVGNumber surfaceScale;
                 attribute SVGNumber diffuseConstant;
                 attribute SVGColor  lightColor;
      };

Attributes
  DOMString in
    Corresponds to attribute in on the given 'feDiffuseLighting' element.
  SVGNumber resultScale
    Corresponds to attribute resultScale on the given 'feDiffuseLighting' element.
  SVGNumber surfaceScale
    Corresponds to attribute surfaceScale on the given 'feDiffuseLighting' element.
  SVGNumber diffuseConstant
    Corresponds to attribute diffuseConstant on the given 'feDiffuseLighting' element.
  SVGColor lightColor
    Corresponds to attribute lightColor on the given 'feDiffuseLighting' element.

### Interface SVGFEDistantLightElement

The SVGFEDistantLightElement interface corresponds to the 'feDistantLight' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEDistantLightElement : SVGElement {
                 attribute SVGNumber azimuth;
                 attribute SVGNumber elevation;
      };

Attributes
  SVGNumber azimuth
    Corresponds to attribute azimuth on the given 'feDistantLight' element.
  SVGNumber elevation
    Corresponds to attribute elevation on the given 'feDistantLight' element.

### Interface SVGFEPointLightElement

The SVGFEPointLightElement interface corresponds to the 'fePointLight' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEPointLightElement : SVGElement {
                 attribute SVGNumber x;
                 attribute SVGNumber y;
                 attribute SVGNumber z;
      };

Attributes
  SVGNumber x
    Corresponds to attribute x on the given 'fePointLight' element.
  SVGNumber y
    Corresponds to attribute y on the given 'fePointLight' element.
  SVGNumber z
    Corresponds to attribute z on the given 'fePointLight' element.

### Interface SVGFESpotLightElement

The SVGFESpotLightElement interface corresponds to the 'feSpotLight' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFESpotLightElement : SVGElement {
                 attribute SVGNumber x;
                 attribute SVGNumber y;
                 attribute SVGNumber z;
                 attribute SVGNumber pointsAtX;
                 attribute SVGNumber pointsAtY;
                 attribute SVGNumber pointsAtZ;
                 attribute SVGNumber specularExponent;
      };

Attributes
  SVGNumber x
    Corresponds to attribute x on the given 'feSpotLight' element.
  SVGNumber y
    Corresponds to attribute y on the given 'feSpotLight' element.
  SVGNumber z
    Corresponds to attribute z on the given 'feSpotLight' element.
  SVGNumber pointsAtX
    Corresponds to attribute pointsAtX on the given 'feSpotLight' element.
  SVGNumber pointsAtY
    Corresponds to attribute pointsAtY on the given 'feSpotLight' element.
  SVGNumber pointsAtZ
    Corresponds to attribute pointsAtZ on the given 'feSpotLight' element.
  SVGNumber specularExponent
    Corresponds to attribute specularExponent on the given 'feSpotLight' element.

### Interface SVGFEDisplacementMapElement

The SVGFEDisplacementMapElement interface corresponds to the 'feDisplacementMap' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEDisplacementMapElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes {
        // Channel Selectors
        constant unsigned short SVG_CHANNEL_UNKNOWN = 0;
        constant unsigned short SVG_CHANNEL_R       = 1;
        constant unsigned short SVG_CHANNEL_G       = 2;
        constant unsigned short SVG_CHANNEL_B       = 3;
        constant unsigned short SVG_CHANNEL_A       = 4;

                 attribute DOMString      in;
                 attribute DOMString      in2;
                 attribute unsigned short xChannelSelector;
                 attribute unsigned short yChannelSelector;
                 attribute SVGNumber      scale;
      };

Definition group Channel Selectors
  Defined constants

    SVG_CHANNEL_UNKNOWN |  | The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
    SVG_CHANNEL_R |  | Corresponds to value R.
    SVG_CHANNEL_G |  | Corresponds to value G.
    SVG_CHANNEL_B |  | Corresponds to value B.
    SVG_CHANNEL_A |  | Corresponds to value A.

Attributes
  DOMString in
    Corresponds to attribute in on the given 'feDisplacementMap' element.
  DOMString in2
    Corresponds to attribute in2 on the given 'feDisplacementMap' element.
  unsigned short xChannelSelector
    Corresponds to attribute xChannelSelector on the given 'feDisplacementMap' element. Takes on one of the Channel Selectors.
  unsigned short yChannelSelector
    Corresponds to attribute yChannelSelector on the given 'feDisplacementMap' element. Takes on one of the Channel Selectors.
  SVGNumber scale
    Corresponds to attribute scale on the given 'feDisplacementMap' element.

### Interface SVGFEFloodElement

The SVGFEFloodElement interface corresponds to the 'feFlood' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEFloodElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes {
                 attribute DOMString      in;

      #ifdef STYLABLESVG
                 // The following pre-defined attribute collections are only
                 // available in the DOM for Stylable SVG.
                 STYLABLESVGStyleAttribute;
      #endif STYLABLESVG

      #ifdef EXCHANGESVG
                 // The following pre-defined attribute collections are only
                 // available in the DOM for Exchange SVG.
                 EXCHANGESVGfeFloodAttrs;
      #endif EXCHANGESVG
          };

Attributes
  DOMString in
    Corresponds to attribute in on the given 'feBlend' element.

### Interface SVGFEGaussianBlurElement

The SVGFEGaussianBlurElement interface corresponds to the 'feGaussianBlur' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEGaussianBlurElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes {
                 attribute DOMString in;
        readonly attribute SVGLength stdDeviationX;
        readonly attribute SVGLength stdDeviationY;

        void setStdDeviation ( in SVGLength stdDeviationX, in SVGLength stdDeviationY )
                        raises( SVGException );
      };

Attributes
  DOMString in
    Corresponds to attribute in on the given 'feGaussianBlur' element.
  readonly SVGLength stdDeviationX
    Corresponds to attribute stdDeviation on the given 'feGaussianBlur' element. Contains the X component of attribute stdDeviation.
  readonly SVGLength stdDeviationY
    Corresponds to attribute stdDeviation on the given 'feGaussianBlur' element. Contains the Y component (possibly computed automatically) of attribute stdDeviation.
Methods
  setStdDeviation
    Sets the values for attribute stdDeviation.
    Parameters

      in SVGLength stdDeviationX |  | The X component of attribute stdDeviation.
      in SVGLength stdDeviationY |  | The Y component of attribute stdDeviation.

    No Return Value
    Exceptions

      SVGException |  | SVG_WRONG_TYPE_ERR: Raised if a parameter is of the wrong type.

### Interface SVGFEImageElement

The SVGFEImageElement interface corresponds to the 'feImage' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEImageElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes, SVGTransformable, SVGLangSpace, SVGURIReference {
                 attribute DOMString className;
                 attribute DOMString        in;

      #ifdef STYLABLESVG
                 // The following pre-defined attribute collections are only
                 // available in the DOM for Stylable SVG.
                 STYLABLESVGStyleAttribute;
      #endif STYLABLESVG

      #ifdef EXCHANGESVG
                 // The following pre-defined attribute collections are only
                 // available in the DOM for Exchange SVG.
                 EXCHANGESVGContainerAttrs;
                 EXCHANGESVGFillStrokeAttrs;
                 EXCHANGESVGGradientAttrs;
                 EXCHANGESVGGraphicsAttrs;
                 EXCHANGESVGMarkerAttrs;
                 EXCHANGESVGTextContainerAttrs;
                 EXCHANGESVGTextElementAttrs;
                 EXCHANGESVGViewportAttrs;
      #endif EXCHANGESVG
          };

Attributes
  DOMString className
    Corresponds to attribute class on the given element.
  DOMString in
    Corresponds to attribute in on the given 'feImage' element.

### Interface SVGFEMergeElement

The SVGFEMergeElement interface corresponds to the 'feMerge' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEMergeElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes;

### Interface SVGFEMergeNodeElement

The SVGFEMergeNodeElement interface corresponds to the 'feMergeNode' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEMergeNodeElement : SVGElement {
                 attribute DOMString in;
      };

Attributes
  DOMString in
    Corresponds to attribute in on the given 'feImage' element.

### Interface SVGFEMorphologyElement

The SVGFEMorphologyElement interface corresponds to the 'feMorphology' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEMorphologyElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes {
        // Morphology Operators
        constant unsigned short SVG_MORPHOLOGY_OPERATOR_UNKNOWN = 0;
        constant unsigned short SVG_MORPHOLOGY_OPERATOR_ERODE   = 1;
        constant unsigned short SVG_MORPHOLOGY_OPERATOR_DILATE  = 2;

                 attribute DOMString      in;
                 attribute unsigned short operator;
                 attribute SVGLength      radius;
      };

Definition group Morphology Operators
  Defined constants

    SVG_MORPHOLOGY_OPERATOR_UNKNOWN |  | The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
    SVG_MORPHOLOGY_OPERATOR_ERODE |  | Corresponds to value erode.
    SVG_MORPHOLOGY_OPERATOR_DILATE |  | Corresponds to value dilate.

Attributes
  DOMString in
    Corresponds to attribute in on the given 'feMorphology' element.
  unsigned short operator
    Corresponds to attribute operator on the given 'feMorphology' element. Takes on one of the Channel Selectors.
  SVGLength radius
    Corresponds to attribute radius on the given 'feMorphology' element.

### Interface SVGFEOffsetElement

The SVGFEOffsetElement interface corresponds to the 'feOffset' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFEOffsetElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes {
                 attribute DOMString in;
                 attribute SVGLength dx;
                 attribute SVGLength dy;
      };

Attributes
  DOMString in
    Corresponds to attribute in on the given 'feOffset' element.
  SVGLength dx
    Corresponds to attribute dx on the given 'feOffset' element.
  SVGLength dy
    Corresponds to attribute dy on the given 'feOffset' element.

### Interface SVGFESpecularLightingElement

The SVGFESpecularLightingElement interface corresponds to the 'feSpecularLighting' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFESpecularLightingElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes {
                 attribute DOMString in;
                 attribute SVGNumber surfaceScale;
                 attribute SVGNumber specularConstant;
                 attribute SVGNumber specularExponent;
                 attribute SVGColor  lightColor;
      };

Attributes
  DOMString in
    Corresponds to attribute in on the given 'feSpecularLighting' element.
  SVGNumber surfaceScale
    Corresponds to attribute surfaceScale on the given 'feSpecularLighting' element.
  SVGNumber specularConstant
    Corresponds to attribute specularConstant on the given 'feSpecularLighting' element.
  SVGNumber specularExponent
    Corresponds to attribute specularExponent on the given 'feSpecularLighting' element.
  SVGColor lightColor
    Corresponds to attribute lightColor on the given 'feSpecularLighting' element.

### Interface SVGFETileElement

The SVGFETileElement interface corresponds to the 'feTile' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFETileElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes {
                 attribute DOMString in;
      };

Attributes
  DOMString in
    Corresponds to attribute in on the given 'feTile' element.

### Interface SVGFETurbulenceElement

The SVGFETurbulenceElement interface corresponds to the 'feTurbulence' element.

IDL Definition

      interface SVGFETurbulenceElement : SVGElement, SVGFilterNodeStandardAttributes {
        // Turbulence Types
        constant unsigned short SVG_TURBULENCE_TYPE_UNKNOWN      = 0;
        constant unsigned short SVG_TURBULENCE_TYPE_FRACTALNOISE = 1;
        constant unsigned short SVG_TURBULENCE_TYPE_TURBULENCE   = 2;
        // Stitch Options
        constant unsigned short SVG_STITCHTYPE_UNKNOWN  = 0;
        constant unsigned short SVG_STITCHTYPE_STITCH   = 1;
        constant unsigned short SVG_STITCHTYPE_NOSTITCH = 2;

                 attribute DOMString      in;
                 attribute SVGNumber      baseFrequencyX;
                 attribute SVGNumber      baseFrequencyY;
                 attribute SVGInteger     numOctaves;
                 attribute unsigned short type;
                 attribute SVGNumber      seed;
                 attribute unsigned short stitchTiles;
      };

Definition group Turbulence Types
  Defined constants

    SVG_TURBULENCE_TYPE_UNKNOWN |  | The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
    SVG_TURBULENCE_TYPE_FRACTALNOISE |  | Corresponds to value fractalNoise.
    SVG_TURBULENCE_TYPE_TURBULENCE |  | Corresponds to value turbulence.

Definition group Stitch Options
  Defined constants

    SVG_STITCHTYPE_UNKNOWN |  | The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
    SVG_STITCHTYPE_STITCH |  | Corresponds to value stitch.
    SVG_STITCHTYPE_NOSTITCH |  | Corresponds to value noStitch.

Attributes
  DOMString in
    Corresponds to attribute in on the given 'feTurbulence' element.
  SVGNumber baseFrequencyX
    Corresponds to attribute baseFrequencyX on the given 'feTurbulence' element.
  SVGNumber baseFrequencyY
    Corresponds to attribute baseFrequencyY on the given 'feTurbulence' element.
  SVGInteger numOctaves
    Corresponds to attribute numOctaves on the given 'feTurbulence' element.
  unsigned short type
    Corresponds to attribute type on the given 'feTurbulence' element. Takes on one of the Turbulence Types.
  SVGNumber seed
    Corresponds to attribute seed on the given 'feTurbulence' element.
  unsigned short stitchTiles
    Corresponds to attribute stitchTiles on the given 'feTurbulence' element. Takes on one of the Stitching Options.

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