What languages are written with right-to-left scripts?
Für Webdesigner und Webautoren ist es wichtig, die durch die verwendete(n) Schrift(en) vorgegebene Schreibrichtung des Textes zu kennen, denn der Umgang mit von rechts nach links verlaufendem Text kann (für Anfanger) schwieriger sein und die Organisation und Richtung des Seitenlayouts hängen davon ab. Deshalb ist die Kenntnis der Schreibrichtung wichtig für die Abschätzung des Arbeitsaufwands beim Erstellen von Webseiten in einer weiteren Sprache.
Das Glossar des Unicode-Consortiums verwendet folgende Definition:
Schrift: eine Menge von Symbolen zur Repräsentation von Text in einem oder mehreren Schreibsystemen
Microsoft verwendet folgende Definition auf seiner Globalisierungs-Website:
Anmerkung des Übersetzers: Im Deutschen ist der Begriff „Schrift“ ebenfalls mehrdeutig. Man muss zwischen der hier gemeinten Bedeutung (engl. script; z.B. lateinische, kyrillische usw.) und der Bedeutung Schriftart (engl. font; z.B. Arial, Times usw.) unterscheiden.
Schrift: eine Menge von Zeichen zur Darstellung von geschriebenem Text, die eine gemeinsame Eigenschaft haben, die ihre Betrachtung als eine eigene Menge begründet. Eine Schrift kann für mehrere verschiedene Sprachen Verwendung finden (z.B. die lateinische Schrift, die ganz Westeuropa abdeckt). Einige Schriftsprachen erfordern mehrere Schriften (z.B. Japanisch, das mindestens 3 Schriften erfordert: die Silbenschriften Hiragana und Katakana sowie die aus China übernommenen Kanji-Ideogramme). Diese Bedeutung des [englischen] Wortes „script“ [für „Schrift“] hat nichts zu tun mit Programm-Scripten wie Perl oder Visual Basic Scripting Edition (VBScript).
Sprachen haben keine Schreibrichtung. Schriften haben eine Schreibrichtung, und Sprachen werden, wenn sie in einer bestimmten Schrift geschrieben werden, in der Schreibrichtung dieser Schrift geschrieben.
Einige Sprachen können in mehr als einer Schrift geschrieben werden. Aserbaidschanisch bspw. kann in lateinischer, kyrillischer oder arabischer Schrift geschrieben werden. In lateinischer und kyrillischer Schrift wird Aserbaidschanisch von links nach rechts geschrieben, in arabischer Schrift von rechts nach links.
The following table gives a rough idea of modern spoken languages that can be written using RTL scripts, and where they are spoken. This data is gathered from information in the SIL Ethnologue. The Script Usage column shows all scripts that can be used for that language: the relative order gives a rough idea of frequency of use, and where the script usage is minor it appears in parentheses. The Potential Users column lists the number of overall speakers of that language (native and second language users). Some of the smaller languages are not mentioned, and the figures don't take into account users of liturgical languages.
The total number of potential users is of course an overestimate, because it doesn't take into account literacy levels or competing scripts or usage trends. Nonetheless, at 2,305,048,719 it indicates that the actual number of potential users possibly runs past a billion. The table lists 12 scripts, and 215 languages. Arabic accounts for a large proportion, with 189 languages and just over 2 billion potential users. No distinction is made between the various styles of Arabic, such as Nastaliq, Magribi, Kano, etc, or those that are abjads and those that are alphabetic. Nor, as mentioned, does it take into account the number of people using Arabic because of their religion.
Script | Language | Countries/Regions | Script usage | Potential users |
---|---|---|---|---|
Adlam | Fulah [ful] | Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, Niger, Chad | Latin, Adlam | 35,337,640 |
Pular [fuf] | Guinea, Mali | Latin, Adlam | 4,778,200 | |
Arabic | Adamawa Fulfulde [fub] | Cameroon | Arabic | 5,685,500 |
Adyghe [ady] | Russia | Cyrillic (Arabic) | 605,400 | |
Algerian Arabic [arq] | Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara | Arabic | 40,259,600 | |
Andaandi [dgl] | Sudan | Arabic | 70,000 | |
Ashtiani [atn] | Iran | Arabic | 26,400 | |
Azerbaijani [aze] (azj, azb) | Azerbaijan, Iran | Arabic, Latin | 23,849,330 | |
Baharna Arabic [abv] | Bahrain | Arabic | 727,900 | |
Bakhtiari [bqi] | Iran | Arabic | 1,240,000 | |
Balangingi [sse] | Philippines | Arabic | 85,000 | |
Balti [bft] | Pakistan | Arabic | 438,800 | |
Banjar [bjn] | Indonesia | Arabic | 3,655,000 | |
Bedawiyet [bej] | Sudan | Arabic, Latin | 2,498,000. | |
Bhadrawahi [bhd] | India | Arabic, Devanagari | 116,000 | |
Brahui [brh] | Pakistan, Afghanistan | Arabic | 2,864,400 | |
Brunei [kxd] | Brunei, Malaysia | Arabic, Latin | 321,000. | |
Burushaski [bsk] | Pakistan, India | Arabic | 126,300 | |
Central Atlas Tamazight [tzm] | Morocco | Arabic, Tifinagh | 4,740,000 | |
Central Kanuri [knc] | Nigeria | Latin, Arabic | 8,825,500 | |
Central Kurdish [ckb] | Iraq | Arabic | 5,266,050 | |
Central Pashto [pst] | Pakistan | Arabic | 8,490,000 | |
Chadian Arabic [shu] | Chad | Arabic, Latin | 2,061,220 | |
Chittagonian [ctg] | Bangladesh | Bengali, Arabic | 13,000,000 | |
Coptic [cop] | Egypt | Coptic, Arabic | 0 (liturgical) | |
Cypriot Arabic [acy] | Cyprus | Latin, (Arabic) | 9,760 | |
Dameli [dml] | Pakistan | Arabic | 5,000 | |
Dari [prs] | Afghanistan, Pakistan | Arabic | 29,452,210 | |
Deccan [dcc] | India | Arabic, (Devanagari) | 12,800,000 | |
Dezfuli [def] | Iran | Arabic | Very few | |
Dhatki [mki] | Pakistan | Arabic | 206,400 | |
Dogri [dgo] | India | Devanagari, (Arabic) | 2,600,000 | |
Dongxiang [sce] | China | Arabic | 200,000 | |
Dyula [dyu] | Côte d’Ivoire | Arabic, Latin, N’Ko | 12,504,000 | |
Balochi, Eastern [bgp] | India, Pakistan | Arabic | 2,930,800 | |
Cham, Eastern [cjm] | Viet Nam | Cham, (Arabic) | 132,000 | |
Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic [avl] | Egypt, Libya | Arabic | 2,430,300 | |
Eastern Maninkakan [emk] | Guinea | Arabic, Latin, N’Ko | 3,722,300 | |
Egyptian Arabic [arz] | Egypt, ( widespread media) | Arabic | 74,826,320 | |
Gazi [gzi] | Iran | Arabic | 7,030 | |
Gilaki [glk] | Iran | Arabic | 2,490,000 | |
Goaria [gig] | Pakistan | Arabic | 25,400 | |
Gowro [gwf] | Pakistan | Arabic | 1,000 | |
Gujari [gju] | India | Arabic, (Devanagari) | 1,696,000 | |
Gulf Arabic [afb] | Kuwait & surrounding countries | Arabic | 10,656,700 | |
Gurani [hac] | Iran | Arabic | 300,000 | |
Gurgula [ggg] | Pakistan | Arabic | 35,300 | |
Harzani [hrz] | Iran | Arabic | 34,900 | |
Hassaniyya [mey] | Mauritania & surrounding countries | Arabic | 4,883,500 | |
Hausa [hau] | Nigeria & across the Sahel | Latin, Arabic | 77,063,700 | |
Hazaragi [haz] | Afghanistan, Pakistan | Arabic | 3,628,900 | |
Hijazi Arabic [acw] | Saudi Arabia | Arabic | 10,792,400 | |
Ida'an [dbj] | Malaysia | Latin, (Arabic) | 10,000 | |
Indonesian [ind] | Indonesia | Latin, (Arabic) | 198,000,000 | |
Indus Kohistani [mvy] | Pakistan | Arabic | 200,000 | |
Ingush [inh] | Russia | Cyrillic, (Arabic) | 306,000 | |
Iranian Persian [pes] | Iran | Arabic | 77,377,510 | |
Jadgali [jdg] | Pakistan | Arabic | 25,600 | |
Jahanka [jad] | Guinea | Arabic | 137,500 | |
Jenaama Bozo [bze] | Mali | Arabic, Latin | 197,000 | |
Jola-Fonyi [dyo] | Senegal | Arabic, Latin | 457,000 | |
Kachi Koli [gjk] | Pakistan, India | Arabic, (Gujarati) | 530,000 | |
Kalami [gwc] | Pakistan | Arabic | 96,400 | |
Kalasha [kls] | Pakistan | Arabic | 5,000 | |
Kashmiri [kas] | India | Arabic, (Devanagari) | 7,132,780 | |
Kati [bsh] | Afghanistan | Arabic | 135,800 | |
Kazakh [kaz] | Kazakhstan & surrounding countries, China, Iran | Cyrillic, Arabic | 12,695,140 | |
Kenzi [xnz] | Egypt, Libya | Arabic, Coptic, Latin | 50,000 | |
Khorasani Turkish [kmz] | Iran | Arabic | 936,000 | |
Khowar [khw] | Pakistan | Arabic | 379,100 | |
Khunsari [kfm] | Iran | Arabic | 26,400 | |
Kohistani Shina [plk] | Pakistan | Arabic | 458,000 | |
Koti [eko] | Mozambique | Latin, Arabic | 140,000 | |
Kumyk [kum] | Russia | Cyrillic, Latin, (Arabic) | 427,600 | |
Kyrgyz [kir] | Kyrgyzstan & surrounding countries | Cyrillic, Latin , Arabic | 5,132,100 | |
Laki [lki] | Iran | Arabic | 1,240,000 | |
Lari [lrl] | Iran | Arabic | 118,000 | |
Lasgerdi [lsa] | Iran | Arabic | 1,000 | |
Libyan Arabic [ayl] | Libya, Egypt, Niger | Arabic | 5,343,050 | |
Maasina Fulfulde [ffm] | Mali & adjacent countries | Latin, Arabic | 1,523,240 | |
Maba (Chad) [mde] | Chad | Latin, Arabic | 567,000 | |
Malay (individual language) [zlm] | Malaysia, Indonesia | Latin, Arabic | 19,185,470 | |
Malayalam [mal] | India | Malayalam, (Arabic) | 37,212,270 | |
Mandinka [mnk] | Senegal, Guinea, The Gambia | Latin, Arabic | 1,949,000 | |
Manga Kanuri [kby] | Niger, Nigeria | Latin, Arabic | 480,000 | |
Maore Comorian [swb] | Mayotte | Latin, Arabic | 185,500 | |
Marwari (Pakistan) [mve] | Pakistan | Arabic | 164,000 | |
Mazanderani [mzn] | Iran | Arabic | 2,320,000 | |
Mesopotamian Arabic [acm] | Iraq & neighouring countries | Arabic | 19,063,530 | |
Mogofin [mfg] | Guinea | Latin, (Arabic) | 24,800 | |
Moroccan Arabic [ary] | Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Western Sahara | Arabic | 33,358,230 | |
Munji [mnj] | Afghanistan | Arabic | 5,300 | |
Mwani [wmw] | Mozambique | Arabic, Latin | 166,000 | |
Nafusi [jbn] | Libya | Arabic | 297,000 | |
Najdi Arabic [ars] | Saudi Arabia & neighboring countries | Arabic | 18,153,010 | |
Natanzi [ntz] | Iran | Arabic | 7,030 | |
Nayini [nyq] | Iran | Arabic | 7,030 | |
Ndzwani Comorian [wni] | Comoros | Arabic, Latin | 361,000 | |
Ngazidja Comorian [zdj] | Comoros | Arabic, Latin | 412,000 | |
Nigerian Fulfulde [fuv] | Nigeria, Cameroon | Arabic, Latin | 16,585,000 | |
Nobiin [fia] | Sudan, Egypt | Arabic, Latin, Coptic | 546,000 | |
North Azerbaijani [azj] | Azerbaijan, Georgia | Latin, (Cyrillic, Arabic) | 9,220,620 | |
North Levantine Arabic [apc] | Syria | Arabic | 31,437,480 | |
North Mesopotamian Arabic [ayp] | Iraq | Arabic | 10,252,460 | |
Northern Hindko [hno] | Pakistan | Arabic | 3,570,000 | |
Northern Kurdish [kmr] | Türkiye & several West Asian countries | Arabic, Latin, (Armenian, Cyrillic) | 15,703,920 | |
Northern Luri [lrc] | Iran | Arabic | 1,820,000 | |
Northern Pashto [pbu] | Pakistan | Arabic | 30,172,800 | |
Northern Uzbek [uzn] | Uzbekistan & neighbours, China | Latin, Arabic, (Cyrillic) | 27,745,270 | |
Od [odk] | India | Arabic | 2,076,100 | |
Omani Arabic [acx] | Oman | Arabic | 2,877,200 | |
Ormuri [oru] | Pakistan | Arabic | 5,050 | |
Pahari-Potwari [phr] | Pakistan, India | Arabic | 3,541,900 | |
Palula [phl] | Pakistan | Arabic | 14,400 | |
Panjabi [pan] | India | Gurmukhi, Arabic, (Khojki) | 51,724,270 | |
Parkari Koli [kvx] | Pakistan | Arabic | 358,000 | |
Parsi-Dari [prd] | Iran | Arabic | 27,500 | |
Pattani Malay [mfa] | Thailand | Arabic, Thai | 1,470,000 | |
Pulaar [fuc] | Senegal | Latin, Arabic | 5,398,700. | |
Pular [fuf] | Guinea, Mail | Latin, Arabic, Adlam | 4,778,200 | |
Purik [prx] | India | Arabic, (Tibetan) | 93,500 | |
Qashqa'i [qxq] | Iran | Arabic | 995,000 | |
Rohingya [rhg] | Myanmar, Bangladesh | Arabic, Hanifi Rohingya | 2,529,250 | |
Saafi-Saafi [sav] | Senegal | Arabic, Latin | 200,000 | |
SaidiArabic [aec] | Egypt, Libya | Arabic | 24,100,000 | |
Sanaani Arabic [ayn] | Yemen | Arabic | 12,567,960 | |
Sangisari [sgr] | Iran | Arabic | 42,300 | |
Saraiki [skr] | Pakistan | Arabic, Khojki | 26,219,000 | |
Semnani [smy] | Iran | Arabic | 68,700 | |
Serer [srr] | Senegal | Arabic, Latin | 1,712,300 | |
Shina [scl] | Pakistan | Arabic | 720,200 | |
Shughni [sgh] | Tajikistan, Afghanistan | Latin, Cyrillic, Arabic | 80,000 | |
Sindhi [snd] | Pakistan, India | Arabic, (Devanagari, Gurmukhi, Khojki) | 33,217,150 | |
Somali [som] | Somalia & neighbours | Latin, Arabic | 21,930,230 | |
Soninke [snk] | Mail & neighbours | Latin, Arabic | 2,189,250 | |
Soqotri [sqt] | Yemen | Latin, Arabic | 111,000 | |
South Azerbaijani [azb] | Iran & neighbours | Arabic | 14,629,370 | |
South Levantine Arabic [ajp] | Jordan, Syria | Arabic | 12,711,300 | |
Southeast Pashai [psi] | Afghanistan | Arabic | 366,000 | |
Southern Balochi [bcc] | Pakistan | Arabic | 3,555,700. | |
Southern Hindko [hnd] | Pakistan | Arabic | 1,170,000 | |
Southern Kurdish [sdh] | Iran | Arabic | 3,730,000 | |
Southern Luri [luz] | Iran | Arabic | 1,140,000 | |
Southern Pashto [pbt] | Afghanistan | Arabic | 19,732,400 | |
Southern Uzbek [uzs] | Afghanistan | Arabic | 5,296,100 | |
Southwestern Fars [fay] | Iran | Arabic | 110,000 | |
Standard Arabic [arb] | Widespread | Arabic | 273,989,700 | |
Standard Malay [zsm] | Malaysia | Latin, Arabic | (liturgical) | |
Sudanese Arabic [apd] | Sudan | Arabic, Latin | 42,332,360 | |
Sundanese [sun] | Indonesia | Latin, (Arabic, Java) | 36,700,000 | |
Susu [sus] | Guinea | Latin, Arabic | 2,434,140 | |
Swahili [swh] | Tanzania & neighbours | Latin, (Arabic) | 71,416,500 | |
Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic [acq] | Yemen | Arabic | 11,821,100 | |
Tachawit [shy] | Algeria | Arabic, Tifinagh | 2,300,000 | |
Tachelhit [shi] | Morocco | Tifinagh, Arabic | 5,118,000 | |
Tadaksahak [dsq] | Mali | Arabic, Latin | 159,800 | |
Tagdal [tda] | Niger | Latin, Arabic, Tifinagh | 60,600 | |
Tahaggart Tamahaq [thv] | Algeria | Latin, Arabic, Tifinagh | 114,200 | |
Tajik [tgk] | Tajikistan | Latin, (Cyrillic, Arabic) | 8,195,120 | |
Tajiki Arabic [abh] | Tajikistan | Arabic | 17,300 | |
Takestani [tks] | Iran | Arabic | 395,000 | |
Talysh [tly] | Azerbaijan | Latin, Arabic, Cyrillic | 226,100 | |
Tarifit [rif] | Morocco | Latin, Arabic, Tifinagh | 4,399,000 | |
Tausug [tsg] | Philippines | Latin, Arabic | 946,000 | |
Tawallammat Tamajaq [ttq] | Niger, Mali | Latin, Arabic, Tifinagh | 870,000 | |
Tem [kdh] | Togo & neighbours | Latin, Arabic | 390,200 | |
Tiéyaxo Bozo [boz] | Mali | Latin, Arabic | 118,000 | |
Torwali [trw] | Pakistan | Arabic | 114,000 | |
Tumzabt [mzb] | Algeria | Latin, Arabic, Tifinagh | 150,000 | |
Tunisian Arabic [aeb] | Tunisia | Arabic | 11,709,020 | |
Turkish [tur] | Türkiye | Latin, (Arabic) | 88,098,480 | |
Turkmen [tuk] | Turkmenistan, Afghanistan | Latin, Arabic, Cyrillic | 6,656,060 | |
Urdu [urd] | Pakistan | Arabic | 231,295,440 | |
Uyghur [uig] | China, Afghanistan | Arabic | 10,411,822 | |
Vafsi [vaf] | Iran | Arabic | 22,200 | |
Wadiyara Koli [kxp] | India | Gujarati, Arabic | 583,000 | |
Wakhi [wbl] | Afghanistan | Arabic, Latin, Cyrillic | 52,200 | |
Western Balochi [bgn] | Pakistan, Turmenistan | Arabic, Cyrillic | 2,264,350 | |
Western Cham [cja] | Cambodia | Cham, Arabic, Latin | 312,500 | |
Western Maninkakan [mlq] | Senegal, Mali | Latin, Arabic | 2,067,260 | |
Western Niger Fulfulde [fuh] | Niger & neighbours | Latin, Arabic | 2,320,000 | |
Western Panjabi [pnb] | Pakistan | Arabic, (Khojki) | 66,441,240 | |
Wolio [wlo] | Indonesia | Arabic | 65,000 | |
Wolof [wol] | Senegal, Mauritania | Latin, (Arabic) | 12,266,290 | |
Yakan [yka] | Philippines | Latin, Arabic | 130,000 | |
Yalunka [yal] | Guinea | Latin, Arabic | 180,700 | |
Yidgha [ydg] | Pakistan | Arabic | 6,150 | |
Yoruba [yor] | Nigeria | Latin, (Arabic) | 45,612,560 | |
Zarma [dje] | Niger | Latin, (Arabic) | 4,330,100 | |
Hanifi Rohingya | Rohingya | Myanmar, Bangladesh | Hanifi Rohingya, Arabic, Latin | 2,529,250 |
Hebrew | Bukharic [bhh] | Israel | Cyrillic (Hebrew) | 117,840 |
Eastern Yiddish [ydd] | Israel | Hebrew | 371,657 | |
Hebrew [heb] | Israel | Hebrew | 9,387,050 | |
Hulaulá [huy] | Israel | Hebrew | 350 | |
Judeo-Iraqi Arabic [yhd] | Israel | Hebrew | 97,200 | |
Judeo-Moroccan Arabic [aju] | Morocco | Hebrew | 65,910 | |
Judeo-Persian [jpr] | Israel | Hebrew | 55,000 | |
Judeo-Tat [jdt] | Russia, Azerbaijan | Cyrillic (Hebrew, Latin) | 81,500 | |
Mandaic | Neo-Mandaic | Iran | Mandaic | 23,000 |
Mende Kikakui | Mende | Liberia, Sierra Leone | Latin (Mende Kikakui) | 2,511,600 |
N’Ko | Bambara [bam] | Mali, Côte d’Ivoire | Latin, N’Ko | 14,183,340 |
Dyula [dyu] | Côte d’Ivoire | Latin, N’Ko, Arabic | 12,504,000 | |
Eastern Maninkan [emk] | Guinea, Mali | Latin, N’Ko, Arabic | 3,722,300 | |
Mandingo [man] | Guinea | Latin, N’Ko, Arabic | 8,731,560 | |
N'Ko [nqo] (koine) | Guinea, Mali, Côte d’Ivoire | N’Ko | ? | |
Old Hungarian | Hungarian | Hungary | Latin, (Old Hungarian) | 12,560,490 |
Samaritan | Samaritan | Israel, Palestine | Hebrew, Samaritan | (liturgical) |
Syriac | Assyrian Neo-Aramaic [aii] | Iraq, Türkiye, Syria | Cyrillic, Syriac | 594,050 |
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic [cld] | Iraq | Syriac | 232,480 | |
Classic Syriac [syr] | Türkiye, Syria | Syriac | (liturgical) | |
Turoyo [tru] | Türkiye, Syria | Latin (Syriac) | 103,100 | |
Thaana | Dhivehi [dv] | Maldives | Thaana, Latin | 340,500 |
Yezidi | Northern Kurdish | Türkiye, Iraq, Iran, Syria Armenia | Arabic, Cyrillic, Latin(Yezidi) | 15,703,920 |
The table doesn't include historical usage of scripts. For example, the Arabic script was formerly used throughout the Ottoman Empire and in many Central Asian regions. Other RTL scripts are not listed in the table because they are no longer used for modern communication, although academics and students around the world do need to be able to work with them. These include scripts such as Avestan, Minoan, Hatran, Imperial Aramaic, Kharoshthi, Lydian, Manichaean, Nabataean, Pahlavi, Palmyrene, Parthian, and Pheonician.
Wenn eine Sprache in mehr als einer Schrift geschrieben werden kann, welche Schrift sollte ein Webdesigner oder Übersetzer verwenden, oder sollte der Text in allen Schriften angeboten werden?
Die Antwort hängt von Ihrer Zielgruppe ab. Die Schrift kann für verschiedene Länder oder Regionen eine andere sein. Die Schrift kann sich auch durch Gesetze oder Regierungspolitik ändern. Um bspw. die aserbaidschanischsprechende Bevölkerung im Iran zu erreichen, sollte man arabische Schrift verwenden. In Aserbaidschan selbst war ab den späten 1930ern Kyrillisch die bevorzugte Schrift und wurde 1940 amtlich. Mit dem Zerfall der Sowjetunion begann ab 1991 ein allmählicher Übergang zur lateinischen Schrift, die seit 2001 für den offiziellen Gebrauch verbindlich ist. Für Ihr Zielpublikum und inoffiziellen Gebrauch könnten Sie kyrillische Schrift für Ältere und lateinische für Jüngere verwenden, und vielleicht sogar beide, um die gesamte aserbaidschanische Bevölkerung zu erreichen. Wenn Sie alle Aserbaidschanischsprechenden erreichen möchten, verwenden sie alle drei Schriften. (Beachten Sie auch, dass es Unterschiede in Terminologie o.a. zwischen den Aserbaidschanischsprechenden in verschiedenen Ländern geben kann, so wie es Unterschiede zwischen Englisch- oder Französischsprechenden in verschiedenen Ländern gibt.)
Man muss auch wissen, dass die Wahl einer Schrift politische, religiöse, demographische oder kulturelle Untertöne haben kann. In Ländern, wo die Sprache der höheren Bildung Russisch war, wird die kyrillische Schrift von der gebildeten Bevölkerungsschicht verwendet. Lateinische Schrift ist verbunden mit pan-türkischen Bewegungen und kann allgemein auf westlich orientierte Bewegungen hinweisen. Arabische Schrift hat Assoziationen mit islamistischen Bewegungen.
Allgemein gesagt: So wie Sie recherchieren, welche Sprachen für verschiedene Kulturen zu verwenden sind, müssen Sie auch ermitteln, welche Schrift bzw. There are suggestions in the table above.
Related links, Authoring HTML & CSS
SIL Ethnologue (eine gute Quelle für Informationen über Sprachen)
Ontopia (Lars Marius Garshols Seite über von rechts nach links geschriebene Schriften)
Omniglot (ein Handbuch zu Schriftsystemen)
Rosetta Project (eine Sammlung von Beschreibungen, Texten, analytischen Materialien und Audiodateien für 1000 Sprachen)