Articles, best practices & tutorials

You can also find resources using the Technique index and Topic index, which provide more fine-grained access to information.

Getting Started

• Getting Started with the W3C I18n site
• Introdução de conjuntos de caracteres e codificações
• Language on the Web
• Internacionalização - Dicas rápidas para a Web

Characters

• Character encodings for beginners
• Character encodings
• Handling character encodings in HTML and CSS (tutorial)
• Character encodings: Essential concepts
• Choosing & applying a character encoding
• Declaring character encodings in HTML
• Declaring character encodings in CSS
• The byte-order mark (BOM) in HTML
• Normalization in HTML and CSS
• Characters or markup?
• Modificação da codificação da página (X)HTML para UTF-8
• Definir a codificação em aplicações de autorização web
• Uso de caracteres de escape em linguagem markup e CSS
• Conjunto de caracteres do documento
• Setting the HTTP charset parameter
• Setting charset information in .htaccess
• Checking HTTP Headers
• Checking the character encoding using the validator
• Display problems caused by the UTF-8 BOM
• HTML, XHTML, XML and Control Codes
• Missing characters and glyphs
• Who uses Unicode?
• Migrating to Unicode

Language

• Declaring language in HTML
• Language tags in HTML and XML
• Choosing a language tag
• Two-letter or three-letter language codes
• Why use the language attribute?
• Setting language preferences in a browser
• Working with language in HTML (tutorial)
• xml:lang in XML document schemas
• Tagging text with no language
• HTTP headers, meta elements and language information
• Understanding the New Language Tags (historic)
• Accept-Language used for locale setting

Markup & text

• Working with Composite Messages
• Re-using Strings in Scripted Content
• Ruby
• Ruby Markup and Styling
• Using b and i tags
• Non-English tags

Text direction

• Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm basics Novo
• Creating HTML Pages in Arabic, Hebrew and Other Right-to-left Scripts (tutorial) Atualizado
• Criação de SVG Tiny Pages em árabe, hebraico, e em outros scripts da direita para a esquerda (tutorial)
• Text direction and structural markup in HTML Novo
• What you need to know about the bidi algorithm and inline markup Atualizado
• Unicode controls vs. markup for bidi support
• Using Unicode controls for bidi text
• CSS versus marcação para suporte bidirecional
• Perda de espaço bidi
• Visual vs. logical ordering of text Novo
• Script direction and languages

Styling & layout

• CSS3 and International Text
• Text size in translation
• Background images that support localization
• Styling using the lang attribute

Forms

• Multilingual form encoding

Navigation

• Using <select> to Link to Localized Content
• Sorting select options
• When to use language negotiation
• Apache MultiViews language negotiation set up

Web addresses

• An Introduction to Multilingual Web Addresses

Cultural issues

• Display capabilities
• Date formats
• Personal names around the world
• Dates and Time

Other

• Localização versus Internacionalização
• Monolingual vs. multilingual Web sites
• Sites internacionais e multilíngües
• Serving HTML & XHTML