Articles, best practices & tutorials
You can also find resources using the Technique index and Topic index. These provide more fine-grained access to information.
Characters
- Character encodings for beginners
- Character encodings
- Handling character encodings in HTML and CSS (tutorial)
- Character encodings: Essential concepts
- Choosing & applying a character encoding
- Declaring character encodings in HTML
- Declaring character encodings in CSS
- The byte-order mark (BOM) in HTML
- Normalization in HTML and CSS
- Characters or markup?
- Changing (X)HTML page encoding to UTF-8
- Setting encoding in web authoring applications
- Using character escapes in markup and CSS
- Document character set
- Setting the HTTP charset parameter
- Setting charset information in .htaccess
- Checking HTTP Headers
- Checking the character encoding using the validator
- Display problems caused by the UTF-8 BOM
- HTML, XHTML, XML and Control Codes
- Missing characters and glyphs
- Who uses Unicode?
- Migrating to Unicode
Language
- Declaring language in HTML جديد
- Language tags in HTML and XML
- Choosing a language tag
- Two-letter or three-letter language codes
- Why use the language attribute? محدَّث
- Setting language preferences in a browser محدَّث
- Working with language in HTML (tutorial) محدَّث
- xml:lang in XML document schemas
- Tagging text with no language
- HTTP headers, meta elements and language information محدَّث
- Understanding the New Language Tags (historic)
- Accept-Language used for locale setting
Text direction
- Creating HTML Pages in Arabic, Hebrew and Other Right-to-left Scripts (tutorial)
- Creating SVG Tiny Pages in Arabic, Hebrew and other Right-to-left scripts (tutorial)
- ما يجب عليك معرفته حول الخوارزمية ثنائية الاتجاه والترميز المضمن
- Unicode controls vs. markup for bidi support
- Using Unicode controls for bidi text
- CSS vs. markup for bidi support
- Bidi space loss
- Script direction and languages