=================================================================== @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ - @@ -22,34 +22,27 @@ --> - SKOS Core Vocabulary - Dave Beckett - Nikki Rogers - Participants in W3C's Semantic Web Deployment Working Group. - An RDF vocabulary for describing the basic structure and content - of concept schemes such as thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, - taxonomies, 'folksonomies', other types of controlled vocabulary, and also concept schemes - embedded in glossaries and terminologies. - Alistair Miles - Sean Bechhofer + SKOS Vocabulary + Dave Beckett + Nikki Rogers + Participants in W3C's Semantic Web Deployment Working Group. + An RDF vocabulary for describing the basic structure and content of concept schemes such as thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, 'folksonomies', other types of controlled vocabulary, and also concept schemes embedded in glossaries and terminologies. + Alistair Miles + Sean Bechhofer Concept - An abstract idea or notion; a unit of thought. + An idea or notion; a unit of thought. Concept Scheme - A set of concepts, optionally including statements about semantic - relationships between those concepts. - A concept scheme may be defined to include concepts from different - sources. - Thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, - 'folksonomies', and other types of controlled vocabulary are all examples of concept schemes. - Concept schemes are also embedded in glossaries and terminologies. + A set of concepts, optionally including statements about semantic relationships between those concepts. + A concept scheme may be defined to include concepts from different sources. + Thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, 'folksonomies', and other types of controlled vocabulary are all examples of concept schemes. Concept schemes are also embedded in glossaries and terminologies. @@ -59,9 +52,7 @@ Collection A meaningful collection of concepts. - Labelled collections can be used with collectable semantic relation - properties e.g. skos:narrower, where you would like a set of concepts to be displayed under a - 'node label' in the hierarchy. + Labelled collections can be used where you would like a set of concepts to be displayed under a 'node label' in the hierarchy. @@ -72,19 +63,18 @@ Ordered Collection - An ordered collection of concepts, where both the grouping and - the ordering are meaningful. - Ordered collections can be used where you would like a set of concepts to be displayed in a specific order, and optionally under a 'node label'. + An ordered collection of concepts, where both the grouping and the ordering are meaningful. + Ordered collections can be used where you would like a set of concepts to be displayed in a specific order, and optionally under a 'node label'. - in scheme + is in scheme - A concept scheme in which the concept is included. - A concept may be a member of more than one concept scheme. + Relates a resource (for example a concept) to a concept scheme in which it is included. + A concept may be a member of more than one concept scheme. @@ -95,7 +85,7 @@ has top concept - A top level concept in the concept scheme. + Relates, by convention, a concept scheme to a concept which is topmost in the broader/narrower concept hierarchies for that scheme, providing an entry point to these hierarchies. @@ -108,10 +98,9 @@ - top concept in scheme + is top concept in scheme - Relates a concept to the concept scheme that it is a top level - concept of. + Relates a concept to the concept scheme that it is a top level concept of. @@ -120,6 +109,8 @@ + + preferred label @@ -130,7 +121,7 @@ - It is recommended that no two concepts in the same KOS be given the same preferred lexical label for any given language tag. + A resource has no more than one value of skos:prefLabel per language tag. The range of skos:prefLabel is the class of RDF plain literals. @@ -143,9 +134,7 @@ alternative label An alternative lexical label for a resource. - Acronyms, abbreviations, spelling variants, and irregular - plural/singular forms may be included among the alternative labels for a concept. Mis-spelled - terms are normally included as hidden labels (see skos:hiddenLabel). + Acronyms, abbreviations, spelling variants, and irregular plural/singular forms may be included among the alternative labels for a concept. Mis-spelled terms are normally included as hidden labels (see skos:hiddenLabel). @@ -153,17 +142,14 @@ The range of skos:altLabel is the class of RDF plain literals. - skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise - disjoint properties. + skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise disjoint properties. hidden label - A lexical label for a resource that should be hidden when - generating visual displays of the resource, but should still be accessible to free text search - operations. + A lexical label for a resource that should be hidden when generating visual displays of the resource, but should still be accessible to free text search operations. @@ -171,19 +157,15 @@ The range of skos:hiddenLabel is the class of RDF plain literals. - skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise - disjoint properties. + skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise disjoint properties. notation - A notation, also known as classification code, is a string of - characters such as "T58.5" or "303.4833" used to uniquely identify a concept within the scope - of a given concept scheme. - By convention, skos:notation is used with a typed literal in the - object position of the triple. + A notation, also known as classification code, is a string of characters such as "T58.5" or "303.4833" used to uniquely identify a concept within the scope of a given concept scheme. + By convention, skos:notation is used with a typed literal in the object position of the triple. @@ -193,8 +175,7 @@ note A general note, for any purpose. - This property may be used directly, or as a super-property for more - specific note types. + This property may be used directly, or as a super-property for more specific note types. @@ -258,7 +239,7 @@ scope note - A note that helps to clarify the meaning of a concept. + A note that helps to clarify the meaning and/or the use of a concept. @@ -267,11 +248,10 @@ - semantic relation + is in semantic relation with - A concept related by meaning. - This property should not be used directly, but as a super-property - for all properties denoting a relationship of meaning between concepts. + Links a concept to a concept related by meaning. + This property should not be used directly, but as a super-property for all properties denoting a relationship of meaning between concepts. @@ -282,13 +262,11 @@ - has broader + has broader concept - A concept that is more general in meaning. - Broader concepts are typically rendered as parents in a concept - hierarchy (tree). - By convention, skos:broader is only used to assert an immediate - (i.e. direct) hierarchical link between two conceptual resources. + Relates a concept to a concept that is more general in meaning. + Broader concepts are typically rendered as parents in a concept hierarchy (tree). + By convention, skos:broader is only used to assert an immediate (i.e. direct) hierarchical link between two conceptual resources. @@ -299,13 +277,11 @@ - has narrower + has narrower concept - A concept that is more specific in meaning. - By convention, skos:broader is only used to assert an immediate - (i.e. direct) hierarchical link between two conceptual resources. - Narrower concepts are typically rendered as children in a concept - hierarchy (tree). + Relates a concept to a concept that is more specific in meaning. + By convention, skos:broader is only used to assert an immediate (i.e. direct) hierarchical link between two conceptual resources. + Narrower concepts are typically rendered as children in a concept hierarchy (tree). @@ -316,10 +292,9 @@ - related to + has related concept - A concept with which there is an associative semantic - relationship. + Relates a concept to a concept with which there is an associative semantic relationship. @@ -332,13 +307,10 @@ - broader transitive + has broader transitive skos:broaderTransitive is a transitive superproperty of skos:broader. - By convention, skos:broaderTransitive is not used to make - assertions. Rather, the properties can be used to draw inferences about the transitive closure - of the hierarchical relation, which is useful e.g. when implementing a simple query expansion - algorithm in a search application. + By convention, skos:broaderTransitive is not used to make assertions. Rather, the properties can be used to draw inferences about the transitive closure of the hierarchical relation, which is useful e.g. when implementing a simple query expansion algorithm in a search application. @@ -351,15 +323,10 @@ - narrower transitive + has narrower transitive - skos:narrowerTransitive is a transitive superproperty of skos:broader. By - convention, skos:narrowerTransitive is not intended to be used in assertions, but provides a - mechanism whereby the transitive closure of skos:narrower can be queried. - By convention, skos:narrowerTransitive is not used to make - assertions. Rather, the properties can be used to draw inferences about the transitive closure - of the hierarchical relation, which is useful e.g. when implementing a simple query expansion - algorithm in a search application. + skos:narrowerTransitive is a transitive superproperty of skos:narrower. + By convention, skos:narrowerTransitive is not used to make assertions. Rather, the properties can be used to draw inferences about the transitive closure of the hierarchical relation, which is useful e.g. when implementing a simple query expansion algorithm in a search application. @@ -372,9 +339,9 @@ - member + has member - A member of a collection. + Relates a collection to one of its members. @@ -392,9 +359,9 @@ - member list + has member list - An RDF list containing the members of an ordered collection. + Relates an ordered collection to the RDF list containing its members. @@ -410,15 +377,10 @@ - mapping relation + is in mapping relation with - Definition - These concept mapping relations mirror semantic relations, and the - data model defined below is similar (with the exception of skos:exactMatch) to the data model - defined for semantic relations. A distinct vocabulary is provided for concept mapping - relations, to provide a convenient way to differentiate links within a concept scheme from - links between concept schemes. However, this pattern of usage is not a formal requirement of - the SKOS data model, and relies on informal definitions of best practice. + Relates two concepts coming, by convention, from different schemes, and that have comparable meanings + These concept mapping relations mirror semantic relations, and the data model defined below is similar (with the exception of skos:exactMatch) to the data model defined for semantic relations. A distinct vocabulary is provided for concept mapping relations, to provide a convenient way to differentiate links within a concept scheme from links between concept schemes. However, this pattern of usage is not a formal requirement of the SKOS data model, and relies on informal definitions of best practice. @@ -427,10 +389,9 @@ - broader match + has broader match - skos:broadMatch is used to state a hierarchical mapping link - between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes. + skos:broadMatch is used to state a hierarchical mapping link between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes. @@ -443,10 +404,9 @@ - narrower match + has narrower match - skos:narrowMatch is used to state a hierarchical mapping link - between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes. + skos:narrowMatch is used to state a hierarchical mapping link between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes. @@ -459,10 +419,9 @@ - related match + has related match - skos:relatedMatch is used to state an associative mapping link - between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes. + skos:relatedMatch is used to state an associative mapping link between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes. @@ -475,12 +434,9 @@ - exact match + has exact match - skos:exactMatch is used to link two concepts, indicating a high - degree of confidence that the concepts can be used interchangeably across a wide range of - information retrieval applications. skos:exactMatch is a transitive property, and is a - sub-property of skos:closeMatch. + skos:exactMatch is used to link two concepts, indicating a high degree of confidence that the concepts can be used interchangeably across a wide range of information retrieval applications. skos:exactMatch is a transitive property, and is a sub-property of skos:closeMatch. @@ -490,19 +446,14 @@ - skos:exactMatch is disjoint with each of the properties - skos:broadMatch and skos:relatedMatch. + skos:exactMatch is disjoint with each of the properties skos:broadMatch and skos:relatedMatch. - close match + has close match - skos:closeMatch is used to link two concepts that are - sufficiently similar that they can be used interchangeably in some information retrieval - applications. In order to avoid the possibility of "compound errors" when combining mappings - across more than two concept schemes, skos:closeMatch is not declared to be a transitive - property. + skos:closeMatch is used to link two concepts that are sufficiently similar that they can be used interchangeably in some information retrieval applications. In order to avoid the possibility of "compound errors" when combining mappings across more than two concept schemes, skos:closeMatch is not declared to be a transitive property.