Edit comment LC-2436 for Accessibility Guidelines Working Group

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Comment LC-2436

Comment Shortname:

Commenter: Devarshi Pant <devarshipant@gmail.com>

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Section of the document concerned:

[Free text description]Document as a wholeIntroduction to Techniques for WCAG 2.0 1. General Techniques G1: Adding a link at the top of each page that goes directly to the main content area G4: Allowing the content to be paused and restarted from where it was paused G5: Allowing users to complete an activity without any time limit G8: Providing a movie with extended audio descriptions G9: Creating captions for live synchronized media G10: Creating components using a technology that supports the accessibility API features of the platforms on which the user agents will be run to expose the names and roles, allow user-settable properties to be directly set, and provide notification of ch G11: Creating content that blinks for less than 5 seconds G13: Describing what will happen before a change to a form control that causes a change of context to occur is made G14: Ensuring that information conveyed by color differences is also available in text G15: Using a tool to ensure that content does not violate the general flash threshold or red flash threshold G17: Ensuring that a contrast ratio of at least 7:1 exists between text (and images of text) and background behind the text G18: Ensuring that a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 exists between text (and images of text) and background behind the text G19: Ensuring that no component of the content flashes more than three times in any 1-second period G21: Ensuring that users are not trapped in content G53: Identifying the purpose of a link using link text combined with the text of the enclosing sentence G54: Including a sign language interpreter in the video stream G55: Linking to definitions G56: Mixing audio files so that non-speech sounds are at least 20 decibels lower than the speech audio content G57: Ordering the content in a meaningful sequence G58: Placing a link to the alternative for time-based media immediately next to the non-text content G59: Placing the interactive elements in an order that follows sequences and relationships within the content G60: Playing a sound that turns off automatically within three seconds G61: Presenting repeated components in the same relative order each time they appear G62: Providing a glossary G63: Providing a site map G64: Providing a Table of Contents G65: Providing a breadcrumb trail G68: Providing a descriptive label that describes the purpose of live audio-only and live video-only content G69: Providing an alternative for time based media G70: Providing a function to search an online dictionary G71: Providing a help link on every Web page G73: Providing a long description in another location with a link to it that is immediately adjacent to the non-text content G74: Providing a long description in text near the non-text content, with a reference to the location of the long description in the short description G75: Providing a mechanism to postpone any updating of content G76: Providing a mechanism to request an update of the content instead of updating automatically G78: Providing a second, user-selectable, audio track that includes audio descriptions G79: Providing a spoken version of the text G80: Providing a submit button to initiate a change of context G81: Providing a synchronized video of the sign language interpreter that can be displayed in a different viewport or overlaid on the image by the player G82: Providing a text alternative that identifies the purpose of the non-text content G83: Providing text descriptions to identify required fields that were not completed G84: Providing a text description when the user provides information that is not in the list of allowed values G85: Providing a text description when user input falls outside the required format or values G86: Providing a text summary that requires reading ability less advanced than the upper secondary education level G87: Providing closed captions G88: Providing descriptive titles for Web pages G89: Providing expected data format and example G90: Providing keyboard-triggered event handlers G91: Providing link text that describes the purpose of a link G92: Providing long description for non-text content that serves the same purpose and presents the same information G93: Providing open (always visible) captions G94: Providing short text alternative for non-text content that serves the same purpose and presents the same information as the non-text content G95: Providing short text alternatives that provide a brief description of the non-text content G96: Providing textual identification of items that otherwise rely only on sensory information to be understood G97: Providing the abbreviation immediately following the expanded form G98: Providing the ability for the user to review and correct answers before submitting G99: Providing the ability to recover deleted information G100: Providing the accepted name or a descriptive name of the non-text content G101: Providing the definition of a word or phrase used in an unusual or restricted way G102: Providing the expansion or explanation of an abbreviation G103: Providing visual illustrations, pictures, and symbols to help explain ideas, events, and processes G105: Saving data so that it can be used after a user re-authenticates G107: Using "activate" rather than "focus" as a trigger for changes of context G108: Using markup features to expose the name and role, allow user-settable properties to be directly set, and provide notification of changes G110: Using an instant client-side redirect G111: Using color and pattern G112: Using inline definitions G115: Using semantic elements to mark up structure G117: Using text to convey information that is conveyed by variations in presentation of text G120: Providing the pronunciation immediately following the word G121: Linking to pronunciations G123: Adding a link at the beginning of a block of repeated content to go to the end of the block G124: Adding links at the top of the page to each area of the content G125: Providing links to navigate to related Web pages G126: Providing a list of links to all other Web pages G127: Identifying a Web page's relationship to a larger collection of Web pages G128: Indicating current location within navigation bars G130: Providing descriptive headings G131: Providing descriptive labels G133: Providing a checkbox on the first page of a multipart form that allows users to ask for longer session time limit or no session time limit G134: Validating Web pages G135: Using the accessibility API features of a technology to expose names and roles, to allow user-settable properties to be directly set, and to provide notification of changes G136: Providing a link at the beginning of a nonconforming Web page that points to a conforming alternate version G138: Using semantic markup whenever color cues are used G139: Creating a mechanism that allows users to jump to errors G140: Separating information and structure from presentation to enable different presentations G141: Organizing a page using headings G142: Using a technology that has commonly-available user agents that support zoom G143: Providing a text alternative that describes the purpose of the CAPTCHA G144: Ensuring that the Web Page contains another CAPTCHA serving the same purpose using a different modality G145: Ensuring that a contrast ratio of at least 3:1 exists between text (and images of text) and background behind the text G146: Using liquid layout G148: Not specifying background color, not specifying text color, and not using technology features that change those defaults G149: Using user interface components that are highlighted by the user agent when they receive focus G150: Providing text based alternatives for live audio-only content G151: Providing a link to a text transcript of a prepared statement or script if the script is followed G152: Setting animated gif images to stop blinking after n cycles (within 5 seconds) G153: Making the text easier to read G155: Providing a checkbox in addition to a submit button G156: Using a technology that has commonly-available user agents that can change the foreground and background of blocks of text G157: Incorporating a live audio captioning service into a Web page G158: Providing an alternative for time-based media for audio-only content G159: Providing an alternative for time-based media for video-only content G160: Providing sign language versions of information, ideas, and processes that must be understood in order to use the content G161: Providing a search function to help users find content G162: Positioning labels to maximize predictability of relationships G163: Using standard diacritical marks that can be turned off G164: Providing a stated period of time after submission of the form when the order can be updated or canceled by the user G165: Using the default focus indicator for the platform so that high visibility default focus indicators will carry over G166: Providing audio that describes the important video content and describing it as such G167: Using an adjacent button to label the purpose of a field G168: Requesting confirmation to continue with selected action G169: Aligning text on only one side G170: Providing a control near the beginning of the Web page that turns off sounds that play automatically G171: Playing sounds only on user request G172: Providing a mechanism to remove full justification of text G173: Providing a version of a movie with audio descriptions G174: Providing a control with a sufficient contrast ratio that allows users to switch to a presentation that uses sufficient contrast G175: Providing a multi color selection tool on the page for foreground and background colors G176: Keeping the flashing area small enough G177: Providing suggested correction text G178: Providing controls on the Web page that allow users to incrementally change the size of all text on the page up to 200 percent G179: Ensuring that there is no loss of content or functionality when the text resizes and text containers do not resize G180: Providing the user with a means to set the time limit to 10 times the default time limit G181: Encoding user data as hidden or encrypted data in a re-authorization page G182: Ensuring that additional visual cues are available when text color differences are used to convey information G183: Using a contrast ratio of 3:1 with surrounding text and providing additional visual cues on focus for links or controls where color alone is used to identify them G184: Providing text instructions at the beginning of a form or set of fields that describes the necessary input G185: Linking to all of the pages on the site from the home page G186: Using a control in the Web page that stops moving, blinking, or auto-updating content G187: Using a technology to include blinking content that can be turned off via the user agent G188: Providing a button on the page to increase line spaces and paragraph spaces G189: Providing a control near the beginning of the Web page that changes the link text G190: Providing a link adjacent to or associated with a non-conforming object that links to a conforming alternate version G191: Providing a link, button, or other mechanism that reloads the page without any blinking content G192: Fully conforming to specifications G193: Providing help by an assistant in the Web page G194: Providing spell checking and suggestions for text input G195: Using an author-supplied, highly visible focus indicator G196: Using a text alternative on one item within a group of images that describes all items in the group G197: Using labels, names, and text alternatives consistently for content that has the same functionality G198: Providing a way for the user to turn the time limit off G199: Providing success feedback when data is submitted successfully G200: Opening new windows and tabs from a link only when necessary G201: Giving users advanced warning when opening a new window G202: Ensuring keyboard control for all functionality 2. HTML and XHTML Techniques H2: Combining adjacent image and text links for the same resource H4: Creating a logical tab order through links, form controls, and objects H24: Providing text alternatives for the area elements of image maps H25: Providing a title using the title element H27: Providing text and non-text alternatives for object H28: Providing definitions for abbreviations by using the abbr and acronym elements H30: Providing link text that describes the purpose of a link for anchor elements H32: Providing submit buttons H33: Supplementing link text with the title attribute H34: Using a Unicode right-to-left mark (RLM) or left-to-right mark (LRM) to mix text direction inline H35: Providing text alternatives on applet elements H36: Using alt attributes on images used as submit buttons H37: Using alt attributes on img elements H39: Using caption elements to associate data table captions with data tables H40: Using definition lists H42: Using h1-h6 to identify headings H43: Using id and headers attributes to associate data cells with header cells in data tables H44: Using label elements to associate text labels with form controls H45: Using longdesc H46: Using noembed with embed H48: Using ol, ul and dl for lists or groups of links H49: Using semantic markup to mark emphasized or special text H50: Using map to group links H51: Using table markup to present tabular information H53: Using the body of the object element H54: Using the dfn element to identify the defining instance of a word H56: Using the dir attribute on an inline element to resolve problems with nested directional runs H57: Using language attributes on the html element H58: Using language attributes to identify changes in the human language H59: Using the link element and navigation tools H60: Using the link element to link to a glossary H62: Using the ruby element H63: Using the scope attribute to associate header cells and data cells in data tables H64: Using the title attribute of the frame and iframe elements H65: Using the title attribute to identify form controls when the label element cannot be used H67: Using null alt text and no title attribute on img elements for images that AT should ignore H69: Providing heading elements at the beginning of each section of content H70: Using frame elements to group blocks of repeated material H71: Providing a description for groups of form controls using fieldset and legend elements H73: Using the summary attribute of the table element to give an overview of data tables H74: Ensuring that opening and closing tags are used according to specification H75: Ensuring that Web pages are well-formed H76: Using meta refresh to create an instant client-side redirect H77: Identifying the purpose of a link using link text combined with its enclosing list item H78: Identifying the purpose of a link using link text combined with its enclosing paragraph H79: Identifying the purpose of a link using link text combined with its enclosing table cell and associated table headings H80: Identifying the purpose of a link using link text combined with the preceding heading element H81: Identifying the purpose of a link in a nested list using link text combined with the parent list item under which the list is nested H83: Using the target attribute to open a new window on user request and indicating this in link text H84: Using a button with a select element to perform an action H85: Using OPTGROUP to group OPTION elements inside a SELECT H86: Providing text alternatives for ASCII art, emoticons, and leetspeak H87: Not interfering with the user agent's reflow of text as the viewing window is narrowed H88: Using HTML according to spec H89: Using the title attribute to provide context-sensitive help H90: Indicating required form controls H91: Using HTML form controls and links H92: Including a text cue for colored form control labels H93: Ensuring that id attributes are unique on a Web page H94: Ensuring that elements do not contain duplicate attributes 3. CSS Techniques C6: Positioning content based on structural markup C7: Using CSS to hide a portion of the link text C8: Using CSS letter-spacing to control spacing within a word C9: Using CSS to include decorative images C12: Using percent for font sizes C13: Using named font sizes C14: Using em units for font sizes C15: Using CSS to change the presentation of a user interface component when it receives focus C17: Scaling form elements which contain text C18: Using CSS margin and padding rules instead of spacer images for layout design C19: Specifying alignment either to the left OR right in CSS C20: Using relative measurements to set column widths so that lines can average 80 characters or less when the browser is resized C21: Specifying line spacing in CSS C22: Using CSS to control visual presentation of text C23: Specifying text and background colors of secondary content such as banners, features and navigation in CSS while not specifying text and background colors of the main content C24: Using percentage values in CSS for container sizes C25: Specifying borders and layout in CSS to delineate areas of a Web page while not specifying text and text-background colors C26: Providing options within the content to switch to a layout that does not require the user to scroll horizontally to read a line of text C27: Making the DOM order match the visual order C28: Specifying the size of text containers using em units C29: Using a style switcher to provide a conforming alternate version C30: Using CSS to replace text with images of text and providing user interface controls to switch 4. Client-side Scripting Techniques SCR1: Allowing the user to extend the default time limit SCR2: Using redundant keyboard and mouse event handlers SCR14: Using scripts to make nonessential alerts optional SCR16: Providing a script that warns the user a time limit is about to expire SCR18: Providing client-side validation and alert SCR19: Using an onchange event on a select element without causing a change of context SCR20: Using both keyboard and other device-specific functions SCR21: Using functions of the Document Object Model (DOM) to add content to a page SCR22: Using scripts to control blinking and stop it in five seconds or less SCR24: Using progressive enhancement to open new windows on user request SCR26: Inserting dynamic content into the Document Object Model immediately following its trigger element SCR27: Reordering page sections using the Document Object Model SCR28: Using an expandable and collapsible menu to bypass block of content SCR29: Adding keyboard-accessible actions to static HTML elements SCR30: Using scripts to change the link text SCR31: Using script to change the background color or border of the element with focus SCR32: Providing client-side validation and adding error text via the DOM SCR33: Using script to scroll content, and providing a mechanism to pause it SCR34: Calculating size and position in a way that scales with text size SCR35: Making actions keyboard accessible by using the onclick event of anchors and buttons SCR36: Providing a mechanism to allow users to display moving, scrolling, or auto-updating text in a static window or area SCR37: Creating Custom Dialogs in a Device Independent Way 5. Server-side Scripting Techniques SVR1: Implementing automatic redirects on the server side instead of on the client side SVR2: Using .htaccess to ensure that the only way to access non-conforming content is from conforming content SVR3: Using HTTP referer to ensure that the only way to access non-conforming content is from conforming content SVR4: Allowing users to provide preferences for the display of conforming alternate versions SVR5: Specifying the default language in the HTTP header 6. SMIL Techniques SM1: Adding extended audio description in SMIL 1.0 SM2: Adding extended audio description in SMIL 2.0 SM6: Providing audio description in SMIL 1.0 SM7: Providing audio description in SMIL 2.0 SM11: Providing captions through synchronized text streams in SMIL 1.0 SM12: Providing captions through synchronized text streams in SMIL 2.0 SM13: Providing sign language interpretation through synchronized video streams in SMIL 1.0 SM14: Providing sign language interpretation through synchronized video streams in SMIL 2.0 7. Plain Text Techniques T1: Using standard text formatting conventions for paragraphs T2: Using standard text formatting conventions for lists T3: Using standard text formatting conventions for headings 8. ARIA Techniques WAI-ARIA Technology Notes ARIA1: Using the aria-describedby property to provide a descriptive label for input controls ARIA2: Identifying required fields with the aria-required property ARIA3: Identifying valid range information with the aria-valuemin and aria-valuemax properties 9. Flash Techniques Flash Technology Notes FLASH1: Setting the name property for a non-text object FLASH2: Setting the description property for a non-text object in Flash FLASH3: Marking objects in Flash so that they can be ignored by AT FLASH4: Providing submit buttons in Flash FLASH5: Combining adjacent image and text buttons for the same resource FLASH6: Creating accessible hotspots using invisible buttons FLASH7: Using scripting to change control labels FLASH8: Adding a group name to the accessible name of a form control FLASH9: Applying captions to prerecorded synchronized media FLASH10: Indicating required form controls in Flash FLASH11: Providing a longer text description of an object FLASH12: Providing client-side validation and adding error text via the accessible description FLASH13: Using HTML language attributes to specify language in Flash content FLASH14: Using redundant keyboard and mouse event handlers in Flash FLASH15: Using the tabIndex property to specify a logical reading order and a logical tab order in Flash FLASH16: Making actions keyboard accessible by using the click event on standard components FLASH17: Providing keyboard access to a Flash object and avoiding a keyboard trap FLASH18: Providing a control to turn off sounds that play automatically in Flash FLASH19: Providing a script that warns the user a time limit is about to expire and provides a way to extend it FLASH20: Reskinning Flash components to provide highly visible focus indication FLASH21: Using the DataGrid component to associate column headers with cells FLASH22: Adding keyboard-accessible actions to static elements FLASH23: Adding summary information to a DataGrid FLASH24: Allowing the user to extend the default time limit FLASH25: Labeling a form control by setting its accessible name FLASH26: Applying audio descriptions to Flash video FLASH27: Providing button labels that describe the purpose of a button FLASH28: Providing text alternatives for ASCII art, emoticons, and leetspeak in Flash FLASH29: Setting the label property for form components FLASH30: Specifying accessible names for image buttons FLASH31: Specifying caption text for a DataGrid FLASH32: Using auto labeling to associate text labels with form controls FLASH33: Using relative values for Flash object dimensions FLASH34: Using screen reader detection to turn off sounds that play automatically FLASH35: Using script to scroll Flash content, and providing a mechanism to pause it FLASH36: Using scripts to control blinking and stop it in five seconds or less 10. Common Failures F1: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.2 due to changing the meaning of content by positioning information with CSS F2: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using changes in text presentation to convey information without using the appropriate markup or text F3: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to using CSS to include images that convey important information F4: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to using text-decoration:blink without a mechanism to stop it in less than five seconds F7: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to an object or applet, such as Java or Flash, that has blinking content without a mechanism to pause the content that blinks for more than five seconds F8: Failure of Success Criterion 1.2.2 due to captions omitting some dialogue or important sound effects F9: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.5 due to changing the context when the user removes focus from a form element F10: Failure of Success Criterion 2.1.2 and Conformance Requirement 5 due to combining multiple content formats in a way that traps users inside one format type F12: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.5 due to having a session time limit without a mechanism for saving user's input and re-establishing that information upon re-authentication F13: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 1.4.1 due to having a text alternative that does not include information that is conveyed by color differences in the image F14: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.3 due to identifying content only by its shape or location F15: Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.2 due to implementing custom controls that do not use an accessibility API for the technology, or do so incompletely F16: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to including scrolling content where movement is not essential to the activity without also including a mechanism to pause and restart the content F17: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 and 4.1.1 due to insufficient information in DOM to determine one-to-one relationships (e.g., between labels with same id) in HTML F19: Failure of Conformance Requirement 1 due to not providing a method for the user to find the alternative conforming version of a non-conforming Web page F20: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 4.1.2 due to not updating text alternatives when changes to non-text content occur F22: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.5 due to opening windows that are not requested by the user F23: Failure of 1.4.2 due to playing a sound longer than 3 seconds where there is no mechanism to turn it off F24: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.3, 1.4.6 and 1.4.8 due to specifying foreground colors without specifying background colors or vice versa F25: Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.2 due to the title of a Web page not identifying the contents F26: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.3 due to using a graphical symbol alone to convey information F30: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 1.2.1 due to using text alternatives that are not alternatives (e.g., filenames or placeholder text) F31: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.4 due to using two different labels for the same function on different Web pages within a set of Web pages F32: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.2 due to using white space characters to control spacing within a word F33: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 due to using white space characters to create multiple columns in plain text content F34: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 due to using white space characters to format tables in plain text content F36: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.2 due to automatically submitting a form and presenting new content without prior warning when the last field in the form is given a value F37: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.2 due to launching a new window without prior warning when the status of a radio button, check box or select list is changed F38: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to omitting the alt-attribute for non-text content used for decorative purposes only in HTML F39: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to providing a text alternative that is not null (e.g., alt="spacer" or alt="image") for images that should be ignored by assistive technology F40: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.1 and 2.2.4 due to using meta redirect with a time limit F41: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.1, 2.2.4, and 3.2.5 due to using meta refresh with a time-out F42: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 and 2.1.1 due to using scripting events to emulate links in a way that is not programmatically determinable F43: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using structural markup in a way that does not represent relationships in the content F44: Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.3 due to using tabindex to create a tab order that does not preserve meaning and operability F46: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using th elements, caption elements, or non-empty summary attributes in layout tables F47: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to using the blink element F48: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using the pre element to markup tabular information F49: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.2 due to using an HTML layout table that does not make sense when linearized F50: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to a script that causes a blink effect without a mechanism to stop the blinking at 5 seconds or less F52: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.1 and 3.2.5 due to opening a new window as soon as a new page is loaded F54: Failure of Success Criterion 2.1.1 due to using only pointing-device-specific event handlers (including gesture) for a function F55: Failure of Success Criteria 2.1.1, 2.4.7, and 3.2.1 due to using script to remove focus when focus is received F58: Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.1 due to using server-side techniques to automatically redirect pages after a time-out F59: Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.2 due to using script to make div or span a user interface control in HTML F60: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.5 due to launching a new window when a user enters text into an input field F61: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.5 due to complete change of main content through an automatic update that the user cannot disable from within the content F62: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 and 4.1.1 due to insufficient information in DOM to determine specific relationships in XML F63: Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.4 due to providing link context only in content that is not related to the link F65: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to omitting the alt attribute on img elements, area elements, and input elements of type "image" F66: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.3 due to presenting navigation links in a different relative order on different pages F67: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 1.2.1 due to providing long descriptions for non-text content that does not serve the same purpose or does not present the same information F68: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 and 4.1.2 due to the association of label and user interface controls not being programmatically determinable F69: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.4 when resizing visually rendered text up to 200 percent causes the text, image or controls to be clipped, truncated or obscured F70: Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.1 due to incorrect use of start and end tags or attribute markup F71: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to using text look-alikes to represent text without providing a text alternative F72: Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to using ASCII art without providing a text alternative F73: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.1 due to creating links that are not visually evident without color vision F74: Failure of Success Criterion 1.2.2 and 1.2.8 due to not labeling a synchronized media alternative to text as an alternative F75: Failure of Success Criterion 1.2.2 by providing synchronized media without captions when the synchronized media presents more information than is presented on the page F76: Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.2 due to providing instruction material about the change of context by change of setting in a user interface element at a location that users may bypass F77: Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.1 due to duplicate values of type ID F78: Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.7 due to styling element outlines and borders in a way that removes or renders non-visible the visual focus indicator F79: Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.2 due to the focus state of a user interface component not being programmatically determinable or no notification of change of focus state available F80: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.4 when text-based form controls do not resize when visually rendered text is resized up to 200% F81: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.1 due to identifying required or error fields using color differences only F82: Failure of Success Criterion 3.3.2 by visually formatting a set of phone number fields but not including a text label F83: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.3 and 1.4.6 due to using background images that do not provide sufficient contrast with foreground text (or images of text) F84: Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.9 due to using a non-specific link such as "click here" or "more" without a mechanism to change the link text to specific text. F85: Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.3 due to using dialogs or menus that are not adjacent to their trigger control in the sequential navigation order F86: Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.2 due to not providing names for each part of a multi-part form field, such as a US telephone number F87: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to inserting non-decorative content by using :before and :after pseudo-elements and the 'content' property in CSS F88: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.8 due to using text that is justified (aligned to both the left and the right margins) F89: Failure of Success Criteria 2.4.4, 2.4.9 and 4.1.2 due to using null alt on an image where the image is the only content in a link Appendix A: References
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Refinement of the section concerned:

Status:

open proposal pending resolved_yes resolved_no resolved_partial other assigned to Nobody Abma, Jake Abou-Zahra, Shadi Allan, Jim Auclair, Christopher Avila, Jonathan Babinszki, Tom Bailey, Bruce Bernard, Renaldo Bernier, Alex Blake, Matthew Boudreau, Denis Brewer, Judy Butler, Shari Campbell, Alastair Carlson, Laura Chakravarthula, Srinivasu Cirrincione, Pietro Conway, Vivienne Cooper, Michael Crutchfield, Elizabeth Deltour, Romain Dick, Wayne Ding, Chaohai Dirks, Kim Dixit, Shwetank Draffan, E.A. Duggin, Alistair Eggert, Eric Elledge, Michael Faulkner, Steve Ferraz, Reinaldo Fiers, Wilco Fischer, Detlev Foliot, John Garrish, Matt Garrison, Alistair Gower, Michael Guarino Reid, Loretta Hakkinen, Markku Haritos-Shea, Katie Henry, Shawn Hoffmann, Thomas Horton, Sarah Isager, Kasper Jensen, Tobias Christian Johansson, Stefan Johlic, Marc Johnson, Rick Jones, Crystal Joys Andersen, Wilhelm Kapoor, Shilpi Keim, Oliver Kirkpatrick, Andrew Kirkwood, John Kiss, Jason Kraft, Maureen Ku, JaEun Kurapati, Sujasree Lauke, Patrick Lauriat, Shawn Lee, Steve Lemon, Gez Li, Alex Li, Kepeng Li, Liangcheng Loiselle, Chris Lowney, Greg Lui, Edwina Lund, Adam Ma, Jia MacDonald, David Mace, Amanda Manser, Erich Martin, Debra McCormack, Scott McMeeking, Chris McSorley, Jan Milliken, Neil Montgomery, Rachael Mueller, Mary Jo nicole, windmann Niemann, Gundula Nurthen, James O Connor, Joshue Oh, Jeong-Hun Panchang, Sailesh Pandhi, Charu Pasi, Aparna Patch, Kimberly Philipp, Melanie Pluke, Mike Pouncey, Ian Repsher, Stephen Rochford, John Runyan, Marla Savva, Andreas Sawczyn, Steve Schnabel, Stefan Seeman-Kestenbaum, Lisa Sims, Glenda Singh, Avneesh Skotkjerra, Stein Erik Sloan, David Smith, Alan Smith, Jim Solomon, Adam Spellman, Jeanne F Strobbe, Christophe Suprock, Greg Swallow, David Thompson, Kenneth Thyme, Anne Ueki, Makoto Vaishnav, Jatin Vanderheiden, Gregg Venkata, Manoj Wahlbin, Kathleen Wang, Can WANG, WEI White, Jason Zelmanowicz, Erica Zerner, Adam Zhang, Mengni

Type: substantive editorial typo question general comment undefined

Resolution status:

Response drafted Resolution implemented Reply sent to commenter

Response status:

No response from Commenter yet Commenter approved disposition Commenter objected to disposition
Commenter's response (URI):

Comment:

To decipher a heading, a screen reader user will have to remember the rule: "two blank lines preceding the heading" and "a blank line following a heading". This rule can easily get complex when other formatting options are introduced in the document structure to convey the structural meaning to different user groups. What happens when a hyperlink, underlined text, or a caption is to be expressed using plain text? The list goes on when we factor in other ways documents are currently presented. It only makes sense to have its plain text counterpart elicit same structural meaning using more intuitive encodings than line breaks and non printing characters.

Proposed Change:
Use mnemonics instead. Remove references to non printed characters and line breaks. There are richer ways to convey this information to all user groups.
For example, to express a heading in a plain text document, using (H)This is a Heading(H) will be easier to follow than the blank line format. Note that the enclosed character is a mnemonic for heading.
Using the same rule, a underline can represented as (U)This is an underline(U).
A hyperlink will be (HY)This is a hyperlink(HY).
This way even users groups will be able to understand a plain text document by visually parsing it.

Related issues: (space separated ids)

WG Notes:

Resolution: The purpose of this technique is to talk about plain text. If you add markup as you suggest and is no longer a plain text document (unless you consider an HTML document to be plain text). This does create constraints on how you write a plain text document. But it does give you a way of creating plain text documents can be deciphered. And that is the purpose of the technique. To allow you to create a plain text document that has no markup but yet can be deciphered by a screen reader designed to work with plain text documents that constrain themselves to these rules.

(Please make sure the resolution is adapted for public consumption)